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Lesson 43

This document discusses different types of calorimeters used to measure heat changes, including coffee cup and bomb calorimeters. It defines important terms related to calorimetry such as heat (q), specific heat capacity (c), and heat capacity (C). The basic principle of calorimetry is that heat released by a reaction equals heat absorbed by the surroundings. There are three equations that can be used to calculate heat changes based on temperature change, mass, specific heat capacity, and heat capacity.

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27 views

Lesson 43

This document discusses different types of calorimeters used to measure heat changes, including coffee cup and bomb calorimeters. It defines important terms related to calorimetry such as heat (q), specific heat capacity (c), and heat capacity (C). The basic principle of calorimetry is that heat released by a reaction equals heat absorbed by the surroundings. There are three equations that can be used to calculate heat changes based on temperature change, mass, specific heat capacity, and heat capacity.

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5s6x7vmssp
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Heat Capacity, C

Calorimetry is the measurement of heat changes. The apparatus used is called calorimeter. There
are different types of calorimeter. The simplest one would be the coffee cup calorimeter as shown
Figure 1.5. Other calorimeter includes bomb calorimeter as in Figure 1.6 and differential scanning
calorimeter (DSC).

ΔT
styrofoam cup

system

Figure 1.5: Coffee cup calorimeter.


28 | Physical and Organic Chemistry

insulated container

q
ΔT

water sample

Figure 1.6: Bomb calorimeter.

IMPORTANT TERMS IN CALORIMETRY

Heat (q) is thermal energy changes that is measured using a thermometer. Specific
heat capacity (c) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of
the substance by 1oC (unit: J g–1 oC–1 or Jg–1 K–1). Heat capacity (C) is the amount of
heat required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of the substance by 1oC
(unit: J oC─1 or J K─1). The basic principle in calorimeter is,

Heat released by a reaction = Heat absorbed by surroundings

Surroundings may refer to the

 calorimeter itself or;

 the water and calorimeter.

There are three equations that can be used here:

q = mc∆T
q = C∆T
q= mc∆T + C∆T

where q = heat released by substance


m = mass of substance
∆T= temperature change
c = specific heat capacity
C = heat capacity of a calorimeter

Physical and Organic Chemistry 7 x 10.indb 28 23/01/2021 10:08 AM


Thermochemistry | 29

The calorimeter works on the principle:


Heat lost by one object will be gained by another.
[Heat lost = Heat gained]

EXAMPLE 1.5
25.0 cm3 hydrochloric acid, HCl 1.0 M and 25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide aqueous solution,
NaOH 1.0 M, both at initial temperature of 30.0°C are mixed in a calorimeter. The
maximum temperature of the solution is observed to be 36.9°C. Given the specific heat
capacity of water is 4.184 Jg–1 °C–1.

(a) Write the balance equation for the reaction above.

(b) Calculate the number of mol of acid and base used.

(c) Determine the enthalpy of neutralisation for the reaction.

PRACTICE 1.2

1. In an experiment, 0.100 g of H2 were compressed into a 1.00 L bomb, which


then placed into a calorimeter that has a heat capacity of 9.08 × 104 J oC─1.
The initial and final temperature of the calorimeter is 25.0oC and 25.15oC,
respectively. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion for H2.
2. A sample of 0.14 g magnesium, Mg metal was combusted in a bomb calorimeter
containing 3.0 × 102 g of water at 25.0°C. The maximum temperature recorded
was 26.0°C. If the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 1769 J oC─1 and the
specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J g─1 oC─1,
a) calculate the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium.
b) write the thermochemical equation for the reaction above.
3. A student mixes 200.0 mL of 0.20 M RbOH(aq) with 100.0 mL of 0.40 M HBr(aq)
in a coffee cup calorimeter. If the temperature of each of the two solutions was
24.40°C before mixing, and the temperature raised to 26.18°C, what is the
∆H associated with the thermochemical equation? Write the thermochemical
equation.
(1. –285 kJ mol─1, 2. –524.92 kJ mol─1, 3. –55.86 kJ mol─1)

Physical and Organic Chemistry 7 x 10.indb 29 23/01/2021 10:08 AM

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