Task N 6

Task 6: Read the text and mark the correct choice A, B, C or D. (12 points)
The lady with the lamp
Florence Nightingale was the first professional nurse of the world. She changed nursing …… (1) a
respected profession and set standards ….. (2) clean, safe hospitals all over the world. Florence
Nightingale was British ….. (3) she learnt about nursing in Germany. She looked ….. (4) sick people,
gave medicine out and helped during operations. In 1854 Britain entered the Crimean War. Florence
and a team …… (5) thirty-eight nurses went to Crimea to help wounded soldiers. The military hospitals
were dirty and badly managed. Florence made the hospitals clean and safe. As a result, ….. (6)
number of deaths in hospitals went down from 40% to 2%. Florence was kind and gentle ….. (7) the
soldiers. She talked to them and gave them hope. When she walked around the hospital at night she
carried a lamp and that’s ….. (8) she got the nickname ‘The Lady with the Lamp’. After the war
Florence wrote a book explaining ….. (9) to make hospitals better. People from all ….. (10) the world
asked for her advice on designing hospitals. In 1860 Florence Nightingale opened a training school for
nurses in London. Today, the Nightingale Nurses still take care ….. (11) the sick and poor. Nightingale’s
work in the Crimean War impressed a French activist and intellectual Jean Henri Dunant who, inspired
….. (12) Florence Nightingale, established The International Red Cross. This happened in 1864.
1. A. in B. at C. into D. onto
2. A. for B. about C. to D. into
3. A. thus B. but C. so D. as
4. A. for B. into C. at D. after
5. A. off B. of C. about D. around
6. A. some B. any C. this D. the
7. A. to B. about C. for D. among
8. A. so B. why C. which D. as
9. A. what B. where C. when D. how
10. A. about B. round C. over D. throughout
11. A. for B. about C. off D. of
12. A. by B. for C. of D. with

Task 6: Read the text and mark the correct choice A, B, C or D. (12 points)
The first sign of civilization
Several years ago an American anthropologist Margaret Mead was asked …… (1) a student what she
considered to be the first sign of civilization in a society. The student expected that Margaret Mead
would talk …… (2) hooks for catching fish or clay pots for keeping water or grinding stones for making
food. But no! Margaret Mead said that the first sign of civilization in ancient society was a femur - the
long bone in the upper part of the leg, …… (3) had been broken and then healed. Professor Mead
explained that in the animal kingdom …… (4) you break your leg, you die. With a broken leg you
cannot run away…… (5) danger, get to a river for water …… (6) hunt for food. You yourself become
food …… (7) hungry animals. No animal survives a broken leg long enough for the bone to heal. An
ancient person’s broken …… (8) then healed bone is evidence that someone took time to stay …… (9)
the person who fell down and broke his leg. Then he took care of …… (10) person’s broken leg, bound
the wound up and carried the person …… (11) a safe place and helped him to recover. ‘Helping
someone through difficulty is where civilization starts’, said Professor Mead, ‘We show ourselves ……
(12) the best side when we help or serve others. Margaret Mead’s opinion about the first sign of
civilization is worth considering.
1. A. with B. from C. by D. to
2. A. about B. around C. off D. for
3. A. this B. which C. then D. what
4. A. unless B. whether C. though D. if
5. A. for B. of C. from D. off
6. A. no B. also C. either D. or
7. A. from B. by C. for D. with
8. A. and B. or C. also D. still
9. A. together B. with C. among D. along
10. A. some B. a C. an D. the
11. A. till B. in C. through D. to
12. A. from B. on C. in D. for

Task 6: Read the text and mark the correct choice A, B, C or D. (12 points)
Kodak Camera
An American inventor and entrepreneur George Eastman was born in 1854. Photography had already
been around for decades at the time, ...... (1) it was George Eastman who placed the power of
photography ...... (2) the hands of ordinary people. As ...... (3) result, the revolutionary Kodak Camera
was patented in 1888. Before Eastman’s invention, photographs were taken ...... (4) large, expensive
cameras. These cameras were loaded with delicate glass plates. These plates could only be
developed ...... (5) professional photographers. The original Kodak Camera, which sold for twenty-five
dollars, was a small box that was preloaded* with a roll of a dry, transparent paper film*. This made it
easier ...... (6) photographers to do their job. A few years later, the Kodak owners moved to a celluloid
material, which was made ...... (7) a mixture of chemicals. They simply aimed their less heavy ...... (8)
usual cameras at the subject they wanted to shoot. Then they would push the shutter button, and
turn a key to wind the film roll to the next frame. When the roll was used up, they mailed the entire
camera ...... (9) the Kodak factory. For 10 dollars customers received one hundred prints, negatives
and a fresh roll of film. Kodak’s motto was ‘You press the button, we do ...... (10) rest.’ The small,
circular snapshots of daily life captured by the Kodak Camera changed the nature ...... (11)
photography from formal and serious ...... (12) casual and fun.
*preloaded: ჩატვირთული *film: ფირი
1. A. because B. also C. but D. or
2. A. of B. upon C. at D. in
3. A. an B. a C. the D. that
4. A. with B. of C. at D. for
5. A. after B. by C. at D. with
6. A. by B. on C. for D. to
7. A. off B. at C. from D. on
8. A. then B. than C. that D. the
9. A. to B. at C. for D. from
10. A. this B. an C. a D. the
11. A. on B. of C. into D. from
12. A. from B. in C. at D. to

Task 6: Read the text and mark the correct choice A, B, C or D. (12 points)
A man for eternity
Anyone can be famous for fifteen seconds, ...... (1) some people remain famous for ever. Such a man
was Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian artist, scientist and writer ...... (2) has been rightly called ‘a man for
eternity’. Distinguished ...... (3) appearance, Leonardo was also a genius in all the sciences and arts of
his time. He is considered one of the most celebrated figures of humanity. Although he is best
known ...... (4) his dramatic and expressive artwork, Leonardo da Vinci also created advanced
inventions that were groundbreaking for the time. He came close to being a ‘universal man’ due ......
(5) the completeness of his knowledge. Leonardo da Vinci’s great passion was to explain everything in
the universe. He spent all his life observing things ...... (6) testing them scientifically in his laboratory.
He wanted to solve the mysteries of life and to educate ...... (7) world. Unfortunately, many of his
projects were never carried ...... (8). His 5000 manuscript pages ...... (9) notes and drawings show
many important discoveries and inventions. Those discoveries are the circulation of blood in the body,
the design of a flying machine, a parachute and excellent plans ...... (10) cities. Surprisingly, all these
pages lay untouched ...... (11) centuries. Leonardo da Vinci’s imagination was so far ahead of his time
that people had to later find ...... (12) about many of the things that Leonardo da Vinci had already
discovered.
1. A. because B. as C. but D. since
2. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
3. A. into B. of C. from D. in
4. A. as B. for C. because D. among
5. A. because B. for C. by D. to
6. A. as B. and C. though D. so
7. A. that B. an C. a D. the
8. A. out B. in C. by D. of
9. A. by B. out C. of D. off
10. A. by B. for C. after D. with
11. A. with B. of C. for D. from
12. A. out B. among C. on D. in

Task 6: Read the text and mark the correct choice A, B, C or D. (12 points)
Problem of the 21st century
Overconsumption* of products which means using something more …… (1) needed, has increased
significantly in the 21st century. This fact affects …… (2) wide range of products which were once
made with the intention to be repaired and reused. However, it’s now thought …… (3) it’s too
expensive to repair the used products. Therefore, in some cases, the used products are thrown …… (4)
and replaced with completely new versions of them. Moreover, …… (5) some developed countries,
individuals buy and use too many products …… (6) are all too quickly used up and not repaired or
recycled. And …… (7) they are no longer useful, people simply throw them away. The
overconsumption of products therefore is seen …… (8) a danger for the environment in the 21st
century. The situation will only get worse unless some actions are taken to stop overconsumption. As
the population increases …… (9) becomes wealthier and more developed, the overconsumption of
products and natural resources grows dramatically. In many cases overconsumption leads …… (10)
negative effects. Therefore, it is important to discuss some of the main reasons …… (11)
overconsumption has become such a problem …… (12) major industrialised nations. Potential plans to
reduce this problem in the future should be studied in detail.
*overconsumption - ჭარბი მოხმარება
1. A. then B. than C. this D. that
2. A. a B. an C. that D. this
3. A. since B. as C. that D. which
4. A. up B. away C. inside D. through
5. A. in B. at C. between D. among
6. A. what B. which C. how D. why
7. A. so B. till C. than D. because
8. A. since B. as C. which D. that
9. A. and B. as C. nor D. but
10. A. under B. above C. to D. at
11. A. why B. that C. for D. what
12. A. at B. from C. on D. for

Task 6: Complete the conversation. For questions 1-6, mark the correct letter A-H. Two sentences
are Task 6: Read the text and mark the correct choice A, B, C or D. (12 points)
Dolphins
Dolphins are the friendliest creatures of the sea. Stories, in …… (1) dolphins help drowning sailors,
have been common …… (2) Roman times. Dolphins are incredibly social animals. They live in groups
and cooperate with each other to get food and raise …… (3) baby-dolphins. Dolphins are extremely
playful …… (4) curious animals. They play not only with seaweed …… (5) also with one another.
Scientists have found evidence that dolphins’ community is more complex …… (6) it was previously
thought. Dolphins are extremely social mammals that look …… (7) the old, sick and injured …… (8)
their community. Some scientists think …… (9) dolphins have a language but it is much more probable
that they communicate with each other without words. Dolphins rest motionless …… (10) the surface
of the water, breathing regularly. While resting, dolphins keep an eye open to watch out …… (11)
danger. To find food and choose correct direction dolphins use …… (12) technique called
‘echolocation’. In this case echolocation acts as a natural version of radar. It also allows dolphins to
hunt, identify friends and enemies.
1. A. why B. which C. where D. whose
2. A. because B. as C. since D. for
3. A. their B. its C. theirs D. this
4. A. or B. and C. either D. neither
5. A. to B. or C. and D. but
6. A. then B. than C. that D. though
7. A. at B. for C. into D. after
8. A. with B. at C. in D. on
9. A. which B. that C. what D. then
10. A. on B. in C. to D. with
11. A. on B. at C. for D. to
12. A. a B. an C. that D. its
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
The National Trust Organisation
Great Britain is known for its beautiful large country houses. Many of them were built hundreds ……
(1) years ago. Very rich families lived in these houses in …… (2) past. Today, many of them are owned
…… (3) the organisation called The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. This
organisation is commonly known as the National Trust. The National Trust is a charity organisation for
conservation of cultural heritage* in England, Wales …… (4) Northern Ireland. The organisation was
created to look …… (5) hundreds of houses, almost a million objects, vast areas of coastline,
countryside and green spaces. The old country houses are kept …... (6) perfect condition and visitors
are allowed to enter. The visitors are interested to learn how different life in …… (7) typical British old
house was. Products were not kept in fridges, …… (8) they did not have any. Before the invention of a
washing machine, all the washing was done by hand. Surprisingly enough, people still live …… (9)
some of these houses. In these cases, visitors are only shown part of the house, while private rooms
are kept closed to the public. These houses often have beautiful gardens …… (10) are looked after by
professional gardeners. One usually has to pay to look around the National Trust houses. The
founders of the National Trust believed …… (11) it was important to take care of historic, beautiful
and, of course, natural places. The natural world gives us fresh air, clean water and clear seas. Millions
of people are given the chance to see what life in an old country house was like and …… (12) the same
time enjoy the beauty of the nature and explore unforgettable scenery.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
The tale of Santa Claus
Everybody knows the old man with long white beard and red clothes, the one who sits on ……. (1)
small sleigh and brings presents to children. This is Santa Claus, the symbol of Christmas. But where
does this image of Santa Claus come from? Are there any connections to the past? According …… (2)
ancient sources, Santa Claus is a prototype of St Nicholas, a bishop* …… (3) Myra, a town in the
present-day Turkey. There are a lot of tales as well as true stories connected to Saint Nicholas’ life.
One of them says …… (4) every year on the morning of December 25th, the poor families of Myra
discovered golden apples, toys and food on their doorsteps. Nobody could guess …… (5) the person
leaving the presents was. All they could say was that this was an old man with a white beard …… (6) a
red coat who was sitting on a sleigh pulled by two reindeer. Nobody could guess that this mysterious
man was bishop Nicholas from the church of their town. Saint Nicholas chose this way of giving away
the presents …… (7) he didn’t want others to praise him. But one year at Christmas Eve when Saint
Nicholas was secretly leaving the presents at poor families’ doorsteps, he was caught …… (8) the night
guards. When they took the cover …… (9) the man’s face, they saw that it was bishop Nicholas and
……… (10) sack full of golden apples and toys was intended for the children of poor families. This
tradition …… (11) giving presents at Christmas was continued by the people of Myra until Saint
Nicholas’s death. Today, few of those who decorate their windows every Christmas are aware of the
fact …... (12) Santa Claus with its tradition of giving presents to children goes back to the 4th century
when Saint Nicholas performed miracles helping people in need
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
European Capital of Culture
A European Capital of Culture is a city chosen by the European Union for a period of one calendar
year during which the city organises a series ……. (1) cultural events. In 2008 this title was given …….
(2) Liverpool, a city full of tours and monuments connected ……. (3) The Beatles, one of the most
famous rock and pop groups in history. In Liverpool you can see Penny Lane and Strawberry fields
which are mentioned ……. (4) their songs of the same name. There’s ……. (5) Magical Mystery Tour
which goes around the city showing where The Beatles sang, went to school, grew up and fell in love.
There’s even a statue of homeless Eleanor Rigby, who sits ……. (6) a bench alone. Eleanor Rigby is the
name of another Beatles song. It’s a monument to ‘All the lonely people’ like Eleanor Rigby. The
Cavern Club, ……. (7) the Beatles used to perform, is no longer there. But its exact copy had been built
not far ……. (8) its original location. In addition to The Beatles, Liverpool has two of ……. (9) world’s
most famous football teams - Liverpool Football Club and their rivals Everton. Not surprisingly, most
natives of Liverpool are crazy ……. (10) football but the city also hosts the world’s most famous horse
race, the Grand National. Liverpool has a lot of famous old ……. (11) new architecture. Liverpool’s
most famous feature is The Liver Building which has two of England’s largest clocks on either side of it.
Its two clock towers, can be seen ……. (12) any part of the city.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
The Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution is the world’s largest museum, education and research complex. The
Institution was founded in 1846 with the funds …… (1) James Smithson, a British scientist …… (2) left
his property to the United States in order to found the Smithsonian Institution. Try not to miss the
chance to visit the Smithsonian Institution …… (3) you happen to visit the USA. The Smithsonian
Institution consists …… (4) seventeen museums, galleries and the National Zoo …… (5) Washington
D.C., as well as two museums in New York City. The Smithsonian museums have exhibits related to
art, design, technology, history, culture and contain about 154 million objects. Many artifacts are
donated to the Smithsonian museums …… (6) individuals, private collectors and national agencies;
other items come …… (7) field expeditions. The Smithsonian museum often organises exhibitions
together …… (8) other museums or organisations. As a center for research, …… (9) institution is
dedicated to public education, which means that it funds projects in art, design, science, technology,
culture …… (10) history. One can learn about almost everything from the origins of man at the Natural
History Museum to the future of space travel …… (11) the Air and Space Museum. If you spent one
minute at each exhibit, it would take more than 258 years to see them all. Note, it’s free to enter all
the Smithsonian museums and galleries, so one can learn many things about the world …… (12) paying
anything.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points
Can plants feel?
Ancient people often worshipped plants because they thought plants had a soul of their own. They
also believed …… (1) plants possessed magical powers. Nowadays most people think that plants are
living things which experience the same emotions as human beings do. Scientists started to conduct
experiments on plants in the USA in 1999. The experiments showed that plants are aware of the
things happening around them and experience some emotions related …….. (2) this. This means that
plants react to people’s actions either in a positive …… (3) in a negative way. They react positively to
those people who take care …… (4) them and think good things about them. And these plants grow
fast. This is plants’ positive reaction …… (5) good things. Dr Blake, an American biologist, conducted a
lot of experiments on different kinds of plants …… (6) found out that they had feelings and emotions
similar…… (7) those human beings have. The difference is that plants cannot express themselves in the
same way ……. (8) human beings do. One experiment on plants conducted …… (9) Dr Blake is well-
known. He decided to burn …… (10) leaf of a plant and exactly at the moment he made this decision,
the plant showed a huge reaction on a special electronic equipment. It seemed as if …… (11) plant had
read Dr Blake’s mind and understood his intention to burn its leaf. It is also believed …… (12) plants
can recognise a plant-killer. The plant, who ‘saw’ how the person had thrown another plant away,
showed a strong reaction every time the person entered the room. So, remember, plants are like
human beings and try to treat them with love and respect.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
The statue is in danger
Extreme weather presents a challenge to outdoor statues, especially if they come from ancient times.
Today scientists are warning the civilised society ...... (1) a combination of dirt, salt, sun, sand and
wind may destroy the huge statue on the outskirts of Cairo. The statue with the body of a lion ...... (2)
the face of a human being is called the Sun God. The five-thousand-year-old statue is too badly
damaged. The statue had already been dug out of the sand three times. However, ...... (3) latest
problems are much more serious. First, there are no proper water pipes ...... (4) the neighbourhood
and the underground passage round the statue has become blocked. Too much water has been
running under the stone statue ...... (5) several years. As a result, tiny pieces ...... (6) salt have been
left on the stone and have damaged it. Secondly, air pollution which is caused ...... (7) the increasing
amount of traffic ...... (8) Cairo is also destroying the ancient statue. The air is so full of poisonous
gases ...... (9) the stone of the statue gets destroyed even faster. Thirdly, the statue is being damaged
by extremes of temperature; although the air is very cold ...... (10) night, during the day the stone of
the statue becomes very hot under the strong sun. Other natural forces such as severe sandstorms
also attack the statue. Finally, the tourists who visit the statue every day also cause ...... (11) lot of
damage. So, it’s obvious ...... (12) the government should do something to save this precious statue
from destruction.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
Inventions
An invention is the discovery or creation of a new material, a new process or a new use of existing
material. Inventions almost always cause change. Sometimes great inventions are ideas that can
change ….. (1) world. Many of the everyday products which we use today were invented years ago.
While some inventions were discovered accidentally, most of them were the result ….. (2) hard work,
continuous effort ….. (3) a great wish to try again. The invention of the radio has brought distant
places closer together, and the invention of the car has made it possible to travel long distances. An
invention might also be ….. (4) better way of doing something, ….. (5) example, a tool to make a job
easier or some new farming method. When looking for the examples of inventions ..... (6) changed the
world, we should consider not just the item, but also the progress it brought about. Many inventions,
such as musical instruments ….. (7) sports equipment, have made our life more comfortable and
enjoyable. Although there are a lot of inventions, not every good idea leads ….. (8) immediate success.
The key to the success of the invention is to be in the right place ….. (9) the right time. It is believed
that ….. (10) the 15th century an Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci, wrote down his idea for big iron
chains ….. (11) would drive machines, ….. (12) unfortunately the technology to produce those chains
didn’t exist then. This shows that even the greatest inventions may be useless if they are ahead of
their time.Task
6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
Globalization
Globalization is the process that makes people from different parts ….. (1) the world become more
and more connected. This means ….. (2) people, ideas, money and many other things are moving
between countries and changing ….. (3) way people think and act. Not everyone thinks the same way
….. (4) globalization. While some people think it is good, others think it is bad. The people who think
that globalization is a good thing are convinced that it helps poorer people to become richer. They
also think that it doesn’t damage local cultures. These people also believe globalization helps prevent
conflicts like wars. This is because countries ….. (5) have economic connections will try hard to keep
good relationships ….. (6) each other so their economies aren’t damaged. Globalization has had ….. (7)
very strong effect on employment and jobs throughout the world. Cultures have also been affected by
globalization. Foods ….. (8) different countries have spread around the world. Another area affected
….. (9) globalization is the film industry. Most people have seen American movies, but only because of
globalization, Korean, Indian ….. (10) Japanese movies have become more popular worldwide. No one
knows what the future ….. (11) globalization will be like. Most experts agree that it will continue to
grow and have an increasingly larger impact on people’s lives ….. (12) the future.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
How to sleep well
Normally, people sleep between seven and eight hours ...... (1) day. Some people need less sleep
while others need more. But millions ...... (2) people have trouble getting to sleep every day.
According to sleep expert Dr Larry Brown, many people do not know why they have difficulty with
sleeping. Most people know...... (3) tea and coffee often make it difficult to go to sleep ...... (4) they
contain caffeine, but some medicines, such as tablets against cold and flu, also contain caffeine and
interfere with sleep. Sleeping pills may help you fall asleep, but when you wake up ...... (5) next
morning, you don’t feel refreshed. Our living habits also affect our sleep. Busy people ...... (6) are
under stress during the day may not be able to calm down and fall asleep ...... (7) night. Eating just
before going to bed may also keep you awake. Dr Larry Brown says …… (8) you will sleep more easily if
your bedroom is used only ...... (9) sleep. You shouldn’t use your bedroom as a conference room, a TV
room, ...... (10) an exercise room. You should also establish a regular sleeping schedule ...... (11) you
shouldn’t go to bed until you are tired. Try to go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the
same time every morning. And ...... (12) all this does not work, try counting sheep.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
The Forbidden City
The Forbidden City is the world’s largest palace complex located in Beijing, China, also known as the
Imperial Palace and the Palace Museum. Twenty-four different Chinese emperors lived in the
Forbidden City ...... (1) 1420 to 1912. This complex was decorated ...... (2) stone animals, rails, arches
and dragons. Until 1912 no one was allowed to enter this complex without special permission ...... (3)
the emperor. The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace ...... (4) the period of the Ming and
the Qing Dynasties, from 1420 to 1912. The Forbidden City is located in the centre of Beijing, the
capital of China, and now it houses the Palace Museum. The palace served as the home of
emperors ...... (5) their family members as well as the ceremonial and political centre of the Chinese
government ...... (6) almost 500 years. The palace, ...... (7) was constructed from 1406 to 1420,
consists of 980 buildings and covers 72 hectares. The palace complex is ...... (8) example of traditional
Chinese imperial architecture. It has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia.
Since 1925, the Forbidden City has been under the responsibility of the Palace Museum whose great
collection of artwork and artifacts was added ...... (9) the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing
dynasties. Part of the museum’s former collection is now located in ...... (10) National Palace Museum
in Taipei. Both museums belong ...... (11) the same institution, but were separated after the Chinese
Civil War. The Palace Museum is one of the most visited art museums ...... (12) the world. It has more
than 14 million visitors every year.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
The Forbidden City
The Forbidden City is the world’s largest palace complex located in Beijing, China, also known as the
Imperial Palace and the Palace Museum. Twenty-four different Chinese emperors lived in the
Forbidden City ...... (1) 1420 to 1912. This complex was decorated ...... (2) stone animals, rails, arches
and dragons. Until 1912 no one was allowed to enter this complex without special permission ...... (3)
the emperor. The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace ...... (4) the period of the Ming and
the Qing Dynasties, from 1420 to 1912. The Forbidden City is located in the centre of Beijing, the
capital of China, and now it houses the Palace Museum. The palace served as the home of
emperors ...... (5) their family members as well as the ceremonial and political centre of the Chinese
government ...... (6) almost 500 years. The palace, ...... (7) was constructed from 1406 to 1420,
consists of 980 buildings and covers 72 hectares. The palace complex is ...... (8) example of traditional
Chinese imperial architecture. It has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia.
Since 1925, the Forbidden City has been under the responsibility of the Palace Museum whose great
collection of artwork and artifacts was added ...... (9) the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing
dynasties. Part of the museum’s former collection is now located in ...... (10) National Palace Museum
in Taipei. Both museums belong ...... (11) the same institution, but were separated after the Chinese
Civil War. The Palace Museum is one of the most visited art museums ...... (12) the world. It has more
than 14 million visitors every year.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
Inventions
An invention is the discovery or creation of a new material, a new process or a new use of existing
material. Inventions almost always cause change. Sometimes great inventions are ideas that can
change ….. (1) world. Many of the everyday products which we use today were invented years ago.
While some inventions were discovered accidentally, most of them were the result ….. (2) hard work,
continuous effort ….. (3) a great wish to try again. The invention of the radio has brought distant
places closer together, and the invention of the car has made it possible to travel long distances. An
invention might also be ….. (4) better way of doing something, ….. (5) example, a tool to make a job
easier or some new farming method. When looking for the examples of inventions ..... (6) changed the
world, we should consider not just the item, but also the progress it brought about. Many inventions,
such as musical instruments ….. (7) sports equipment, have made our life more comfortable and
enjoyable. Although there are a lot of inventions, not every good idea leads ….. (8) immediate success.
The key to the success of the invention is to be in the right place ….. (9) the right time. It is believed
that ….. (10) the 15th century an Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci, wrote down his idea for big iron
chains ….. (11) would drive machines, ….. (12) unfortunately the technology to produce those chains
didn’t exist then. This shows that even the greatest inventions may be useless if they are ahead of
their time.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
Getting advice from a newspaper
Most Americans don’t like to get advice from members of their family. When they need advice, they
don’t usually ask people they know. Instead, many Americans write letters ….. (1) newspapers and
magazines to get advice on many different problems. Most newspapers regularly print letters ….. (2)
the readers who have problems. Along with the letters sent to the readers, the newspaper publishes
answers written by people ….. (3) are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these
writers are doctors; others are lawyers ….. (4) teachers. Two of ….. (5) most famous writers of advice
are women without special training ….. (6) this kind of work. Good experience allows them to give
useful advice. But the newspaper the Philadelphia Bulletin has one writer who is too young to have
much experience. She is a girl named Angel Cavaliere. She started writing advice for the newspaper
….. (7) the age of ten. She is so young….. (8) the teenagers who are of her age freely share their
concerns and problems ….. (9) her. Angel Cavaliere’s advice ….. (10) young readers now appears three
times a week in the Philadelphia Bulletin - a daily newspaper published ….. (11) Philadelphia. Thanks
to Angel Cavaliere’s column called Dear Angel! the Philadelphia Bulletin has the most number ….. (12)
teenage subscribers.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
The importance of water
Water is very important because it is essential to life on earth. Water is one ….. (1) the most valuable
resources. To put it simply, without water there would be no life. Water is especially valuable ….. (2)
human health, medicine, agriculture ….. (3) industry. Unfortunately, many of us have forgotten this
fact, and as ….. (4) result the world is facing the danger of running out of water. The actual amount of
water ….. (5) earth has changed little since the time of the dinosaurs. But nowadays, as never before,
there are lots of problems connected ….. (6) water. The problems have been caused by people ….. (7)
do not use the water supply properly. This not only means that we have polluted our rivers and seas,
….. (8) it also means that we are wasting a great deal of this precious resource. Unfortunately, the
destruction of the rainforests has made this problem even worse. Much of the rainwater is lost
because it falls ….. (9) the sea. The population of the earth is increasing daily, so it is very important
that we find a solution to this problem before it is too late. The first step is to educate people,
especially by reminding them of ….. (10) value of water. For most of us, water is easy to get whenever
we need it, whether we bathe in it ….. (11) drink it, so we seldom bother to think ….. (12) it. People
then need to learn how to reuse bath or shower water for household cleaning or watering the garden.
Special factories which clean used water are also becoming popular. Whatever methods we might
decide to use, we must realise the importance of water and how we can preserve it.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
An important discovery
Georgia is rich in archaeological discoveries, but one made several years ago is very special. It was the
discovery …… (1) the oldest flax fibre* in the world. In one of …… (2) caves, named Dzudzuana cave,
located near the town of Chiatura, …… (3) the Imereti region, archaeologists found the oldest
colourful flax fibres on earth. Archaeologists digging in a cave came across the world’s oldest flax
fibres which date back to about 36,000 years ago. The American weekly magazine Science reported:
‘The earliest dyed flax fibres …… (4) date back to about 36,000 years ago have been found in a
prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia.’ This discovery made archaeologists conclude …… (5) the
earliest clothing, which …… (6) prehistoric human could have worn, was probably made in Georgia
several centuries after the first flax fibre had been created. Then, at some point, people learned to
make clothes from plant fibres. The first clothes were probably made …… (7) animal skin. But when
did it happen? When did people start to make the first clothes? It is very difficult to give a concrete
answer to this question …… (8) clothes are rarely found …… (9) archaeological sites. But the recent
discovery of the oldest flax fibre, which was found in a cave ….. (10) west Georgia, suggests …… (11)
the skill of cloth-making was acquired more than 30,000 years ago. According to leading historians …...
(12) researchers, warm clothes may have helped our ancestors survive the last ice age

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
 Robot teachers
If we think of jobs robots cannot do, among the first that will probably come to our minds are the jobs
of doctors and teachers. It’s easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but some jobs need
human participation ….. (1) creativity. Anthony Seldon, ….. (2) is a British education expert, believes
there could be a place for robots in education. Seldon thinks robots will do the main job of
transferring information and teachers will be like assistants. Intelligent robots ….. (3) will read
students’ faces, their movements and even brain signals, will send the information to each student.
However, it’s not ….. (4) popular opinion. I is unlikely that robots will ever have the ability to really
compete ….. (5) humans. One thing is certain - a robot teacher is better than no teacher at all. In some
parts ….. (6) the world, there aren’t enough teachers, and 9-16% of children under the age of 14 don’t
go ….. (7) school. This problem could be partly solved by robots ….. (8) they can teach anywhere. The
robots won’t have a wish to change their job for a better salary. Perhaps ….. (9) question is not ‘Will
robots replace teachers?’ ….. (10) ‘How can robots help teachers?’. If robots can do some of the
teachers’ tasks, for example, ….. (11) they can mark hometasks, teachers would have more time …..
(12) doing some other things.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
Robot teachers
If we think of jobs robots cannot do, among the first that will probably come to our minds are the
jobs of doctors and teachers. It’s easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but some jobs
need human participation ….. (1) creativity. Anthony Seldon, ….. (2) is a British education expert,
believes there could be a place for robots in education. Seldon thinks robots will do the main job of
transferring information and teachers will be like assistants. Intelligent robots ….. (3) will read
students’ faces, their movements and even brain signals, will send the information to each student.
However, it’s not ….. (4) popular opinion, and it is unlikely that robots will ever have the
understanding and ability to really compete ….. (5) humans. One thing is certain - a robot teacher is
better than no teacher at all. In some parts ….. (6) the world, there aren’t enough teachers, and 9-16%
of children under the age of 14 don’t go ….. (7) school. This problem could be partly solved by robots
….. (8) they can teach anywhere. The robots won’t have a wish to change their job for a better salary.
Perhaps ….. (9) question is not ‘Will robots replace teachers?’ ….. (10) ‘How can robots help
teachers?’. If robots can do some of the teachers’ tasks, for example, ….. (11) they can mark
hometasks, teachers would have more time ….. (12) doing some other things.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet. (12 points)
 The mystery of the Bermuda Triangle
A strange triangular area called the Bermuda Triangle covers a large part ….. (1) the Western Atlantic
Ocean. It is an area of unexplained mystery. Over the past five centuries ….. (2) lot of ships, planes and
people have disappeared ….. (3) this triangle area. Such mysterious events in ….. (4) Atlantic Ocean
continue to take place even now. Many of the planes ….. (5) have disappeared had normal radio
contact ….. (6) their airports until the very moment they disappeared. In most cases, after the
disappearance of ships and planes there was no sign of anything. Warm ocean water, which flows
from the Gulf of Mexico* ….. (7) Europe, is extremely fast. So, it is almost impossible to notice that
something bad has happened in that part of the ocean. A lot of research and explorations have been
carried out to solve the mystery. However, there is no single theory that can explain all the incidents
of disappearances. The ships ….. (8) planes could have been victims of different tragic cases and things
might have happened quickly. About 200 square miles ….. (9) water surrounding Bermuda is full of
dangerous underwater reefs ….. (10) have often caused tragedies. The underwater reefs damage the
ships that pass over them. Scientists have also found some unusual geological formations ….. (11) the
seafloor in the Bermuda Triangle area. The ocean floor in some places is very deep and, in these areas,
many ships have been lost. So, the majority of disappearances in the triangle are real and can be
explained by ….. (12) area’s unique features.
Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet. (10 points)
Renaissance
What does the word ‘Renaissance’ mean and where does it come from? Renaissance is an Italian
word ….. (1) means ‘rebirth’. Italian artists and thinkers of the 14th century believed ….. (2) they were
reviving the values of the classical world of the ancient Greeks and Romans. They disliked the art and
architecture, which had developed in the period called ‘the Middle Ages’. Three very creative people
were at the heart ….. (3) this revival – the architect Brunelleschi, the painter Masaccio ….. (4) the
sculptor Donatello – all of whom knew each other and were based in Florence. Renaissance artists
were more fascinated ….. (5) individual human beings than by larger issues, like religion. This
fascination led ….. (6) the study of anatomy and other scientific explorations. Over ….. (7) years,
Renaissance thinking spread ….. (8) Florence to other cities of Italy such as Venice and Rome. At its
high point between 1500 and the 1520s, known as the High Renaissance, artistic giants like Leonardo
da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael were all working ….. (9) Rome at the same time. Leonardo da
Vinci created many fascinating pieces of art, but two of his paintings are among the most famous.
They are ‘The Last Supper’, a fresco style painting in one of ….. (10) churches in Milan and ‘The Mona
Lisa’, a painting of a woman whose mysterious smile has charmed viewers for nearly 500 years.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet. (10 points)
Happy Halloween! Like many other holidays, Halloween has developed and changed throughout
history. Over 2,000 years ago the people who were then called the Celts lived on the present-day
territory of Ireland and Northern France. 1st of November was their New Year’s Day. The Celts
believed that the night before their New Year, which was on 31st of October, was a time…… (1) the
dead and the alive came together. More than …… (2) thousand years ago the Christian church named
November the 1st All Saints Day. This was a special holy day to honour saints and other people, who
died for Christianity. The night before All Hallows, which means the same as All Saints, was called
Hallows Eve. Later the name was changed to Halloween. Like the Celts, the Europeans of that time
also believed that the spirits ..... (3) the dead would visit Earth on Halloween. They worried that evil
spirits would cause problems …… (4) hurt them. Thus, on that night people wore costumes to look like
ghosts or other evil creatures. They thought that …… (5) they dressed like that, the spirits would think
they were also dead and would not harm them. The tradition of Halloween was carried to America
…… (6) European immigrants. Some of …… (7) traditions changed a little, though. For example, on
Halloween in Europe some people would carry lanterns made…… (8) turnips*. In America, pumpkins
were more common. These days Halloween is a fun day for children. Children dress up …… (9)
costumes like people did a thousand years ago and go from house…… (10) house. They knock on doors
and say ‘trick or treat’. The owner of each house gives candy or something special to each trick-or-
treater.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet. (10 points)
Catching a cold
Many people catch a cold in the springtime or autumn. It makes us wonder that if scientists can send a
man to ..… (1) moon, why they can’t find a cure for the common cold. The answer is easy. There are
literally hundreds of types ….. (2) cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so
there isn’t a medical treatment for each one. ..... (3) a virus attacks your body, your body works hard
to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion. You feel terrible ..... (4) you can’t
breathe well, but your body is actually ‘eating’ the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever,
but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have ..... (5) runny nose to stop the virus from
getting to your cells. You may feel miserable but actually your wonderful body is doing everything to
kill the virus. Different people have different habits for curing a cold. For example, ..... (6) the United
States and some other countries people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people ..... (7)
refuse to take medicine take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicines to stop
the fever. There is one interesting thing to note - some scientists say taking medicine when you have a
cold is actually bad ..... (8) you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn’t have a way to
kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke, however, about taking medicine
when you have a cold. It goes like this: It takes about one week to get over a cold if you don’t take
medicine, ..... (9) it takes only seven days to recover ..... (10) a cold if you take medicine.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet. (10 points)
 Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City and is among the most visited art
museums….. (1) the world. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which is also called the Met, is
considered to be the largest art museum in the United States. It was founded in 1870 ….. (2) a group
of American citizens – businessmen and financiers, as well as leading artists of the day who wanted to
create a museum to bring art and education ….. (3) the American people. Although the collection
of The Metropolitan Museum was quickly growing in the 19th century, the peak of its success was the
20th century ….. (4) the museum became one of the world’s greatest art centers. Today its permanent
collection contains over two million works ….. (5) are divided among seventeen departments. The
Department of Greek and Roman Art displays thousands of objects, including one of the finest
collections in glass and silver in the world. The widest collection of American art, sculpture .... (6)
decorative arts in the world is exhibited in the American section of the museum. The art collection
displayed in ….. (7) Egyptian section is the finest outside Cairo, Egypt. The Metropolitan Museum
continues to improve and reorganise the collections in its exhibition halls. It regularly hosts special
exhibitions, each time focusing ….. (8) the works of a single artist whose works The Metropolitan
Museum borrows ….. (9) other museums. These exhibitions ….. (10) are organised by the museum
authorities attract a lot of visitors to The Metropolitan Museum.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet.
Learning a language
How do children learn their mother tongue? What do the scientists know about this? It’s a fact that
children usually learn their first language ….. (1) their parents and the people around them. Many
babies can say about three words ….. (2) they are 12 months old. But, of course, they start learning
their parents’ language before that. First, babies listen to ….. (3) sounds of their language. People ask
babies questions such as: ‘Are you tired? Are you hungry? Do you want to go to sleep?’ Babies can’t
answer these questions because they are learning the sounds of their first language at that time.
Babies learn the most important sounds ….. (4) their language before they are six months old. Babies
often cry, so their parents speak to them in order to calm them down. They point ….. (5) interesting
things and they repeat lots ….. (6) words. Babies listen and slowly learn to speak. Their first words are
the names of either the people in the family ….. (7) the things in the house. Before they are eighteen
months old, most children can say about twenty words and can understand a lot more. Some children
learn two languages at ….. (8) same time if their parents speak different languages. The children who
can speak and understand two languages are ‘bilingual’ and they speak both languages fluently with a
good accent. But ….. (9) you start learning a language after you are twelve years old, you will probably
have ….. (10) ‘foreign’ accent.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet.
Giant Galapagos tortoises
 Giant tortoises, which now live only on the Galapagos Islands, used to live all over ….. (1) world. But
at some point they started to die out because of wild goats, which were eating their food and
damaging their habitat. In addition, people were also killing them uncontrollably. In the 1960s there
were just fifteen of the tortoises in existence. Giant tortoise numbers fell from 250,000 ….. (2) a few
thousand in the period from the16th to the 20th century. Because of that, biologists decided to take
action to help the giant tortoises and started a breeding programme in a special centre. Some time
later half of the tortoises were set free. The tortoises are doing well ….. (3) present. There are over
1,000 of them living on the Galapagos Islands ….. (4) giving birth to new generations in the wild
nature. Scientists say that it is a success story. Biologist James Gibbs says: ‘What we basically found
over time is that about half of the tortoises, which were set free, now live ….. (5) nature without
human help’. James Gibbs feels very happy with this programme ….. (6) the tortoises he has helped
can now live without his assistance. Giant tortoises, ….. (7) weigh up to 250 kg, can live in the wild
nature for over 100 years. One tortoise lived in captivity for more than 170 years. An encyclopedia
about them states: ‘Tortoises also live very easy lives and can sleep up to 16 hours ….. (8) day.’ James
Gibbs said that the successful development ….. (9) the Galapagos Islands would continue. Next year
the Galapagos Islands will get 200 more tortoises. James Gibbs is looking forward ….. (10) further
success on the islands

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet.
Robot Birds
Birds are nice enough but very often they become a danger to airplanes. Today, there are many
different instruments ….. (1) machines for scaring unwanted birds away from the airports. One is
called robot birds. In Alberta, Canada, robot birds are used to patrol the skies around the airport. The
robot bird’s job is to send the real birds away ….. (2) the airport in order to protect aviation from
birds’ attacks. Small birds do little damage ….. (3) a plane. But a large bird, or sometimes a group …..
(4) small ones, can break engine blades and cause a catastrophe. Liverpool city council also decided to
use robot birds to clear up the city from large pigeons. They say that the birds in ….. (5) city are so
large because people usually give them a lot of food. So, instead ….. (6) following their normal diet of
seeds and insects, birds eat high-fat junk food. In addition, Liverpool city council thinks that the
streets are very crowded ….. (7) birds because people feed them. The city council hopes that they will
be able to encourage the birds to move away from the city centre and live ….. (8) the parks and open
spaces. Ten robot birds have been brought into the city centre to scare the birds away. In addition,
visitors are asked not to give the birds any food. The mechanical birds - known as ‘robops’- will sit …..
(9) the roofs of the buildings. They can be moved around to different locations. Robot birds look like
special birds ….. (10) kill pigeons. Robot birds even make noise and move their wings to scare the
pigeons. Liverpool city council hopes that this way the pigeons will go away.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet.
The travels of Marco Polo
 In 1274 Italian explorers Marco and Niccolo Polo set out on a 24-year journey in which they travelled
along the famous Silk Road from Italy through dangerous deserts …… (1) high mountains to eastern
China. They travelled over 4,000 miles in all. Marco and Niccolo were among …… (2) first Europeans to
explore the fabulous empire of China. In China Marco Polo even worked …… (3) Emperor Kublai Khan.
Marco Polo later wrote a book about his travels in China and described his experiences and findings in
it. He described materials and inventions …… (4) were never seen by the Europeans before. Paper
money, a printing press, porcelain, gunpowder and coal were among the products he wrote about.
Marco Polo also described the enormous wealth …… (5) Emperor Kublai Khan, as well as the
geography of northern and southern China. European kings were very interested…… (6) the products
which Marco Polo described. They themselves didn’t travel to those countries ….. (7) they thought
that travelling along the Silk Road was dangerous and expensive. European kings began to wonder if
there was …… (8) sea route to the east to get the products they wanted at a reasonable price. Marco
Polo’s stories …… (9) his travels in Asia were published as a book called The Description of the World,
later known as The Travels of Marco Polo. But only few people believed in Marco’s tale. They thought
that it was a fantasy, the story of a man with a wild imagination. The work eventually got another title
Il Milione (‘The Million Lies’). Though people then thought that the book …… (10) Marco Polo wrote
didn’t have any true facts in it, it still had a big influence on travellers.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet.
A visit to historic Willingham
Willingham is a small town in Cambridgeshire, England. There are lots ….. (1) interesting things to see
in Willingham: an old castle and a palace, the historic museum and the gallery of local artists. If you
want to go shopping, be sure to visit the new shopping mall in the centre. When you have finished
shopping, it’s ….. (2) good idea to see a film in the multiplex cinema, which is a cinema with several
separate screens. It’s easy to find the cinema ….. (3) there is a big sign in front of it. You can buy
tickets either by phone ….. (4) from the box office. On weekdays the cinema is open ….. (5) 10 o’clock
late in the evening. And it closes even later on Saturdays ….. (6) Sundays. Not far from the town
centre there is one of the oldest houses in the town called Church Farm. The house dates from the
15th century. It is believed that Henry VIII spent several days there while hunting in the area.
Willingham is also proud of having its own wizard. This was a local man named Jabez Few ….. (7) died
in the 1920s. The local authorities take a good care of the town. To keep the town environmentally
clean, the authorities do not allow cars ….. (8) the centre of Willingham. Because of that it is very
pleasant to walk around the town. If you come to Willingham ….. (9) car, you have to leave it in the
car park just outside the town centre. The town offers the visitors a free bus ….. (10) takes you from
the car park to the main square. So, if one day you decide to come to Willingham, you won’t be
disappointed.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet.
Trip to the moon
 Experienced travellers know that there are websites that give prices for flights, hotels and car hire
across the globe. These websites help travellers to make a right choice. One ….. (1) such websites,
skytraveller.com, has recently offered some interesting ideas about what travel will look like in ten
years ….. (2) now. Perhaps the most delightful destination ….. (3) holidaymakers in 2024 will be a trip
to the moon or a holiday in space. The website skytraveller has just released a report of what holidays
….. (4) the not-too-distant future might look like. The report, ….. (5) is titled ‘The Future of Travel
2024’, outlines a whole series of unimaginable vacation choices for adventurous travellers. The report
is a result of the collaboration between travel experts ….. (6) international technology experts.
Holidays in space are perhaps ….. (7) most spectacular of skytraveller’s predictions. Its report says:
‘Orbital space travel will be the next hot ticket, ….. (8) unfortunately, not everybody will be able to
buy one. So commercial companies are doing their best to make it more affordable.’ The cost of ….. (9)
seat on the spaceship - round trip, of course - is 250,000 US dollars. The website skytraveller also
expects the growth of the number of those travellers ….. (10) are eager to spend nights in the
underwater hotel rooms. Other things to look forward to include a supersonic aircraft that will fly
from London to Sydney in two hours.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet.
About penguins
Penguins are black and white birds living mainly in Antarctica. The word penguin first appeared in the
16th century and was used as a synonym for auk. An auk is a northern seabird ….. (1) very short wings.
Penguins are one of ….. (2) most popular birds. There are 17 species of them. Different kinds of
penguins differ in size and weight. The largest penguin, ….. (3) is called the Emperor Penguin, lives …..
(4) Antarctica. The smallest kind of penguin - the Little Blue Penguin - lives in New Zealand. Although
penguins are birds, none of them can fly. Penguins are able to survive in some ….. (5) the coldest
places on Earth. They are great swimmers and can swim at 8-9 kilometers an hour. They have thick
skin and lots of fat under the skin to protect them ….. (6) the cold weather. Penguins usually enter and
leave the water in large groups. Most of the scientists ….. (7) study penguins believe that penguins do
this ….. (8) safety reasons. Even in their freezing cold habitats, penguins still have to be very careful
and watch out for the enemies such as killer whales ….. (9) other large sea animals. Most penguins eat
fish and other sea animals, they eat as much as six kilograms per day. It is an interesting fact that
penguins spend about half ….. (10) their lives on land and half in the oceans. This is why penguins play
important roles in ecosystems both on land and in the ocean.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps (1-10) with one of the following: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on
the answer sheet.
Celebrating New Year
The New Year has been celebrated for thousands of years. Every culture has its own New Year festival.
For example, the Ancient Egyptian New Year was celebrated in September. The pharaoh traditionally
led ….. (1) big procession along the river Nile, ….. (2) is the longest river in Egypt. It’s known as a very
noisy celebration ….. (3) during the procession trumpets and drums were played. During Roman times
a new calendar was introduced and the New Year was moved ….. (4) March to January. Another
tradition was introduced: at New Year people wore funny costumes at parties and gave hand-made
gifts ….. (5) friends and family members. The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah and is
celebrated in October. Early that morning people go to special services ….. (6) are held at the
synagogue. On this day Jewish people bake round loaves ….. (7) bread, houses are cleaned ….. (8) new
clothes are given to children. In Scotland, New Year’s Eve is celebrated and this day is called
Hogmanay. At midnight an old song called ‘Auld Lang Syne’ is sung. There is also a tradition called
‘first footing’. Scottish people believe that if a man ….. (9) has dark hair visits you that day, you will
have a good luck in the next year. The tradition of ‘first footing’ exists in Georgia too, ….. (10) hair
colour is of little importance

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet.
About caves
A cave is a hollow place in the ground large enough for a human to enter. There are many different
kinds ….. (1) caves. Some caves have been there for millions of years, but many are only ….. (2) few
thousand years old. Most caves are natural, ….. (3) some of them are artificial, ….. (4) means that they
were made by people. Caves may be of very different sizes, from those that are no bigger than a small
room, to some that may be several kilometres deep and long. The most interesting and the biggest
caves have many rooms, ….. (5) are called ‘chambers’. The chambers which are linked ….. (6) each
other by passages may be quite wide, or very narrow. In many caves you can find underground rivers
….. (7) even waterfalls. The majority of natural caves were made thousands of years ago by rain
water. Soft grey or white stone called lime-stone also contributed to their formation. Caves are found
all over ….. (8) world. People visit caves ….. (9) many reasons, but for animals, caves provide food and
shelter. Caves can easily be destroyed when people visit the chambers. It is strictly forbidden to write
or leave any marks ….. (10) the cave walls or to leave food or any other waste in the cave.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet.
How English grows
The popularity of the English language is growing very fast. There are about 400 million people ….. (1)
speak English as their first language around the world. Two out of three people are speakers ….. (2)
American English. Apart from countries like Britain, Canada, Australia ….. (3) the United States, there
are about 70 countries, including Nigeria, Singapore and India, where English is ….. (4) official
language, but not ….. (5) first language. There are approximately 500 million people in those countries
who can speak English. There are also people who speak English as ….. (6) foreign language. There are
people who learn English ….. (7) schools or language academies. It is thought that nowadays about 1
billion people learn English. Of those, approximately 600 million have a good enough level to
communicate. This means that the total number of people ….. (8) speak English is about 1.5 billion,
nearly 25% of the world’s population. It is difficult to imagine that ….. (9) the 17th century, during
Shakespeare’s time, only 4 million people spoke English and the future of the language was in doubt!
It’s true that English has grown, ….. (10) other languages haven’t been so lucky. There are more than
7,000 spoken languages in the world today. About half of them are endangered and can disappear in
this century.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet.
The story of Valentine’s Day
Valentine’s Day, also known as Saint Valentine’s Day, is celebrated in many countries around .…. (1)
world, although it is not a public holiday in most .…. (2) them. In early Christian times St Valentine was
a holy man .…. (3) was imprisoned and then killed .…. (4) performing weddings between people who
were forbidden to marry. Before he died he wrote a message on the prison wall. The message was for
the woman he loved ….. (5) he signed the message ‘Your Valentine’. St. Valentine’s Day, .…. (6) is
celebrated on the fourteenth of February, became the festival of lovers. According .…. (7) the
tradition, young men used to write poems to give to young women. If the men weren’t good at
writing poetry, they would copy one poem .…. (8) a poetry book. Girls made cards and gave them to
the young men. The name of the sender of the card was ….. (9) secret. People never signed those
cards. Today you can buy lots of cards and presents to send on Valentine’s Day. Valentine’s Day
symbols, .….. (10) are used today, include the heart-shaped objects, doves and the figure of the
winged Cupid.

Task 6: Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: article, preposition, conjunction or
relative pronoun. Insert only ONE word. Do not copy the extra words from the text on the answer
sheet.
Handwriting
Jane is my younger sister. At school she was good at almost all subjects. But Jane was one of those
students ….. (1) had problems with writing. Her handwriting was so bad that many teachers couldn’t
read anything she wrote and were often disappointed with her work. The letters ….. (2) Jane wrote
were unfinished, very small and had such irregular shapes that the words were impossible to read.
Jane tried to improve her handwriting, ….. (3), unfortunately, she couldn’t do anything about it.
Besides, she made so many mistakes in spelling and punctuation that her work always gave ….. (4) bad
impression. Students ….. (5) better handwriting regularly received better marks regardless the
content. Jane was scared that she couldn’t build a career as a journalist ….. (6) her handwriting was so
bad. Jane was dreaming of a successful career in journalism and she needed good marks in all
subjects. She was so worried, that one day she decided to take a course ….. (7) writing in order to
learn how to be an effective writer. In addition to working hard on improving her handwriting, during
….. (8) course, Jane was also taught how to organise her ideas. She found it difficult ….. (9) first, but
her great wish and the teachers’ encouragement helped her to make progress and achieve success.
Jane learned to revise her writing so as to improve it. She started to read so much that her spelling
improved ….. (10) her handwriting became clearer too. Now Jane’s handwriting is much better than
mine.
TASK 6: GRAMMAR Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition,
a conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Do not
copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
French fashion designers
Paris has always been the fashion capital of the Western world, but the period between the two
World Wars is often considered as the Golden Age of French fashion. French fashion designers of the
20th century have changed women’s clothes in many ways. One of ………… (1) ‘revolutionary’ changes
happened in the first half of the 20th century when a famous French designer Coco Chanel introduced
a style ………… (2) was convenient to wear and not expensive to buy. Chanel made women’s clothes
more casual, convenient ………… (3) sporty. Chanel, ………… (4) dressed women in big free sweaters,
wide trousers, suits, raincoats and skirts, created ………… (5) completely new style for that period of
time. Chanel thought that women should have the right clothes for their lives and should wear pants
and T-shirts instead ………… (6) long dresses and corsets. In 1915 Coco Chanel opened a fashion house
in Paris, ………… (7) today is one of the oldest and most famous fashion houses in the world called
‘Chanel House’. Another famous French fashion designer of the 20th century was Christian Dior. His
innovative designs and business practices made him the most successful fashion designer ………… (8)
the world. His designs have been worn ………… (9) film stars and royalty. The American newspapers
called his designs the ‘New look’ ………… (10) the clothes Christian Dior designed were really new and
different. Christian Dior’s clothes were extravagant and very beautiful. Not everybody could buy them
though, as they were very expensive.

TASK 6: GRAMMAR Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition,
a conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Do not
copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
Tops of the Pops -a popular music show
Tops of the Pops, often called TOTP, used to be a British TV music show which had been on for many
years until it was cancelled ………. (1) 2006. Tops of the Pops was made ………. (2) the BBC and was first
shown on New Year’s Day in 1964. It was the show of those popular songs which had been sold in big
numbers during the previous week. Each week computers in a number of biggest music shops
throughout …….…. (3) United Kingdom showed how many copies of a song had been sold during that
particular week. As ………. (4) result, each Sunday afternoon the new list of best-selling songs was
published. With the help of this information, the show’s producers would decide which songs to
choose ………. (5) their next show. Usually the songs, ………. (6) the DJs thought were best, became the
week’s hits. Of course, each week the show finished …….…. (7) the most popular songs. Some people
were sure that if a song was broadcast in the show, it would become a hit. The show was initially
broadcast on Thursdays ………. (8), as it was becoming more and more popular, in 2005 it was moved
to Sundays. Millions of TV viewers were looking forward ………. (9) the beginning of the show. Though
the popular show was cancelled several years ago, it is still shown every Christmas Eve. Today many
singers are happy to appear in the Christmas show ………. (10) this TV programme still remains
popular. Various formats of the show still appear in different TV programmes of many countries
worldwide.

TASK 6: GRAMMAR Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition,
a conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Do not
copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
My small town
I was born in a small English town, away from a highway. I liked it …….. (1) the rhythm in the small
town was completely different from the rhythm in a big noisy city. In this small town where I lived
almost everyone seemed to know each other and a simple hello made your day better. Even though
there wasn’t much to do, I really valued the simplicity of life. When I was 15 years old my family
moved …….. (2) Canada. I am 23 now. I’ve been living in Canada …….. (3) eight years already. It was
only last summer that after so many years I managed to go back and see my home town in England.
When I arrived there I found that my town had changed ……… (4) lot. I remember that when I was
small it was a quiet place with wonderful parks and old buildings …….. (5) made the town special and
unforgettable. What I saw after eight years was completely different. I saw that, unfortunately, my
sweet little town had become a very noisy …….. (6) dirty place. Some boys were riding motorbikes like
mad in …….. (7) streets. The motorbikes were making a terrible noise ……. (8) the boys did not mind.
There were lots ……. (9) tourists around too. They were walking everywhere. The streets were full of
strange and noisy shops and cafés. All this made my town different …….. (10) what I remembered. The
feeling of familiarity has suddenly disappeared somewhere. I didn’t enjoy staying there and left it
immediately as it didn’t remind me of my sweet childhood

TASK 6: GRAMMAR Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition,
a conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Do not
copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC, USA is a very special address. It is ………. (1) address of the
White House, the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States. Originally the
White House was grey ………. (2) was called the Presidential Palace. It was built in the years from 1792
to 1800. At this time the city of Washington was also being built. A contest was held ………. (3) choose
the design for the President’s home. The contest was won ………. (4) an architect named James Hoban.
The construction of the house continued for more than eight years. The large house designed by
James Hoban was made ………. (5) grey stone. The original White House stood for fourteen years until
1812 when the United States and Britain went on war. The British invaded Washington ………. (6)
burned many buildings, including the Presidential Palace. After the war James Hoban, the original
architect, partially rebuilt the President’s home. In order to cover the damage ………. (7) the fire, the
building was painted white. Eventually, it became known ………. (8) the White House. The White
House, ………. (9) has six floors, is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States.
Every year, more than a million visitors go through the five rooms ………. (10) are open to the public.

TASK6: GRAMMAR Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, a
conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Do not
copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
The first woman scientist
Hypatia, the daughter of the mathematician and philosopher Theon, was born in Alexandria, Egypt in
370 AD. For many centuries Hypatia was ………. (1) only woman scientist to have a place in history
books. Hypatia’s father was the director ………. (2) Alexandria University and he made sure his
daughter had the best education available. This was unusual as most women in those days had few
opportunities to study. After studying in Athens and Rome, Hypatia returned to Alexandria, the place
………. (3) she began teaching mathematics. She became the head of the Platonist school at Alexandria
and soon became very famous ………. (4) her scientific ideas. We have no copies of her books ………. (5)
we know that she wrote several important mathematical works. Hypatia was also interested ………. (6)
technology and invented several scientific tools to help with her work. At that time many rulers were
afraid of science, and anyone connected ………. (7) it was in danger. One day, in March of 415 AD,
Hypatia was attacked in the street ………. (8) was killed. The name of the man ………. (9) attacked her is
not known. It is believed that her death was the starting point of ………. (10) downfall of Alexandrian
intellectual life.

TASK 6: GRAMMAR Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition,
a conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Do not
copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
Stolen paintings found in Zurich
Swiss police have confirmed that two paintings which were stolen a week ago have been discovered
in an abandoned car. The pictures ………. (1) well-known painters Vincent van Gogh and Claude Monet,
were among four paintings worth 160 million dollars stolen ………. (2) a private museum collection.
They were discovered on the back seat of a white Mercedes outside a hospital in Zurich. Three
masked, armed men stole ………. (3) paintings from the museum last week. The police say that the
three robbers entered the museum at the end of ………. (4) day on Friday. One of the men used a gun
to force the ten remaining visitors to the floor. The other two men took the four paintings from a
ground-floor hall. Witnesses say the robbers put the pictures into a white car ………. (5) was parked in
front of the museum and drove off. It was over in three minutes. The two paintings found by the
police were in good condition ………. (6) they were immediately returned to the museum. The two
other stolen paintings are still missing. After the robbery, the director said the paintings were so well-
known ………. (7) it would be impossible to try and sell them ………. (8) the open market. The three
thieves ………. (9) stole the paintings are still unknown, ………. (10) the police promised not to give up
their efforts to find them.

Task 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, a
conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write
the answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
After ten years
Ten years have passed since I last saw my school. I remember very well ………. (1) glad I was when
………. (2) last bell rang. But now ………. (3) I look back it seems that the years spent at school were the
happiest years ………. (4) my life. Once ………. (5) friend of mine told me: ‘What I liked best about our
school was the basketball competitions which were held regularly in spring.’ Today I am a teacher
myself ………. (6) I try to make my students like the subject I teach. However, it is really very unrealistic
to expect much enthusiasm ………. (7) children to learn maths on a Monday morning. As to me, I am
quite keen ………. (8) my job and even enjoy the company of noisy children. I do not demand much
from my students but they know ………. (9) I would not accept disrespect to other students. I avoid
being too strict ………. (10) I do want all members of the class to feel respected. I have to admit that I
am not interested in spending hours correcting the work of my students, especially ………. (11) the
weekend. But I understand that it is part ………. (12) my profession and I patiently put up with that.

Task 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following words: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write the
answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
History of jeans
We all wear jeans but only a few people know about their history. Jeans originated in America. No
item of clothing is more American ………. (1) the blue jeans invented in 1873. Jeans are trousers made
………. (2) denim cloth. Often the term jeans refers ………. (3) a particular style of trousers called ‘blue
jeans’. The story of jeans started at the time of the American Gold Rush. In 1849 thousands of people
went to California to dig for gold. Among them was ………. (4) young man called Levi Strauss ………. (5)
didn’t find any gold but still made a lot of money. Levi Strauss realised that the gold miners needed
very strong clothes ………. (6) were easy to wash and comfortable to wear. So he came ………. (7) with
an original idea, bought some thick cotton denim and made trousers ………. (8) this strong material.
Levi Strauss’s trousers were later called jeans. The popularity of jeans increased ………. (9) they were
soon sold throughout the USA. Later ………. (10) the 1950s, the fashion for jeans arrived in Europe and
people began to wear jeans not just at work ………. (11) in their free time too. Jeans are now a very
popular article of casual clothes all around the world. Jeans come in many styles and colours, ……….
(12), ‘blue jeans’ are the most popular among them and are associated with American culture.
Task 6 • Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, a
conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write
the answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
Something to remember
Paul and Nellie are my best friends. They are big theatre-lovers …….. (1) they often go to see new
plays and musicals. Last weekend, they went …….. (2) a newly-opened theatre called ‘The Joy
Theatre’. They had to take a taxi there …….. (3) the theatre was quite far from their house. They saw a
new play called ‘Made Specially ………. (4) You’. The play was a romantic love-story ……… (5) the lives
of a young couple in love. After the theatre Paul and Nellie went to a restaurant. They both ate ……..
(6) big meal. Nellie had a huge bowl …….. (7) spaghetti and Paul had an enormous plate of various
kinds of meat. The spaghetti and meat were followed …….. (8) ice-cream and cheese cake. After
leaving the restaurant, Paul and Nellie got a taxi home. They saw a car accident ………. (9) their way
home. A yellow car had run straight ……… (10) a black van. The yellow car was badly damaged. The
taxi driver had to wait ………. (11) the road was reopened by the police. When Paul and Nellie got
home they felt tired but excited after a long and interesting evening together. As …….. (12) next day
was the beginning of a new working week, they went straight to bed.

Task 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, a
conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write
the answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
 School dinners in Britain
Everyone likes fresh meat and fruit sometimes, but …….. (1) British schools, kids eat junk food every
day. This means big health problems ….…. (2) the future. It’s Monday lunch time in a school canteen.
Kids are waiting for sausages, burgers ….…... (3) chicken sandwiches. They walk past the salad, ….…....
(4) they don’t usually eat, and take chips. Other kids buy chocolate and coca-cola from a special
machine. This is how school dinners are in Britain. Today’s school dinners are high in fat …...…. (5) low
in vitamins. The result is ………. (6) the British kids are too fat and therefore often have health
problems. Thirty-seven percent ……….. (7) 15-year-old kids are too heavy. They risk having health
problems in the future. Jamie Oliver, a famous British chef, knows everything ………. (8) the problems
related to eating unhealthy food. He has his TV programme called ‘Jamie’s School Dinners’. He goes ..
….… (9) schools and shows his programme to students. He often makes healthy food with the school
cooks. British schools spend very little money ……….. (10) school meals and Jamie Oliver has asked
…....... (11) Prime Minister to give him some money to provide schools with healthy meals. Now the
British government has a 280 million pound budget ….…... (12) healthy meals at schools.

Task 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, a
conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write
the answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy any words from the text on the answer sheet.
Maria in Britain
I received another letter from my daughter, Maria, today …….… (1) which she tells me all about her
first impressions of living and studying ……… (2) Britain. The first thing she says in ……….. (3) letter is
that she is settling down quite nicely. After her first week, she was complaining ……… (4) the weather
was cold and the people were unfriendly. Indeed, she wondered why it always seemed to be dark
………. (5) whether the British people ever saw the sun. Now in her letter she says that she has got
used to the ‘British’ weather. She also says that, although she is enjoying doing drama ……….. (6) the
university, she still finds the social life ……… (7) bit boring. I warned her before she left not to expect
life in Britain to be ……… (8) exciting as it is here. I explained that most pubs …...… (9) cafes close at
eleven and people go home. Maria told me in her first letter, ……… (10) I received a week ago, that she
had made friends with someone ……… (11) Spain, who had also come to Britain to study. We were
pleased to hear this. In fact I had advised her to make as many friends as she could because I believe
this is ……… (12) best way to avoid feeling lonely and to overcome culture shock.

Task 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following: an article, a preposition, a
conjunction or a relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write
the answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy words from the text on the answer sheet.
Tips for swimming
Most Americans can swim, and almost everyone likes to jump ……... (1) play around in the waves on
……….. (2) hot day at the beach. Knowing how to swim is important ……… (3) your safety, but when
you do it seriously, swimming is also one of ………. (4) best exercises for your body - and not only for
your body ………. (5) for your general health too. Besides a swimming cap ……… (6) a swimming suit
you don’t need much. Goggles, ……… (7) are special water glasses, keep the chlorinated water of
swimming-pools …….... (8) of your eyes and let you watch where you’re going. A swimming cap makes
you more streamlined while swimming and keeps your hair dry. Ear plugs keep the water out and
prevent air infections. To get in shape, start by swimming twenty minutes three times ………. (9) week.
Add ten minutes until you’re swimming for an hour each time ……….. (10) try not to swim more than
an hour each time. Otherwise you can become very tired ……….. (11) is not good for your health. So,
swim whenever and wherever you can ………. (12) try not to get overtired.

Task 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following words: article, preposition, conjunction
or relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write the answers on
the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
Australia
The name Australia comes from the Latin word ‘australis’, meaning southern. Australia is …….. (1)
only country that is also ……... (2) continent. In area, it ranks as the sixth largest country …..…. (3) the
smallest continent. The national capital is Canberra. More than eighty percent …..…. (4) Australia’s
people live in cities and towns, making it one of the world’s most urbanized countries. Kangaroos are
the symbol of Australia. The kangaroo family includes about fifty species, …… (5) range in size from
the huge and grey kangaroos ……… (6) tiny creatures smaller than a domestic cat. The first Australians,
……… (7) were dark-skinned people known today ……... (8) Aborigines, had lived in Australia ……... (9)
40,000 years before the first white settlers arrived. In the late 1700s Great Britain announced
Australia as a prison colony and therefore most Australian people are ……… (10) British origin. They
brought many British costumes ……... (11) customs with them. Nevertheless, the Australian people
have developed their own way ……... (12) life.

Task 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following words: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write the
answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
What is the United Kingdom?
Four countries make up the United Kingdom, or the UK. They are England, Wales, Scotland and
Northern Ireland. The UK consists ……… (1) a group of islands - two large ones ……… (2) several
hundred smaller ones. Great Britain occupies the largest island and is divided into three countries:
England, Wales ………… (3) Scotland. This island is about 1100 kilometers long and 500 kilometers at its
widest point. At its nearest point, only thirty seven kilometers of the English Channel separate it ………
(4) the coast of France. England’s capital London is also ……… (5) capital city of the UK. Most of
England consists of lowland with some mountainous parts. Wales, with its capital Cardiff, lies to the
west and has ……… (6) coastline on ……… (7) Irish Sea. Wales is more mountainous than England,
particularly in North and Mid Wales. To the North is Scotland ….…. (8) consists of two regions known
……… (9) the Highlands and the Lowlands. The Highlands region is much more mountainous than its
Lowlands sister. The Lowlands region is home to most……… (10) Scotland’s population. It’s here where
Scotland’s capital, Edinburgh, ……… (11) another big city, Glasgow, can be found. Crossing the Irish Sea
takes us ……… (12) Ireland, the north eastern corner of which, known as Northern Ireland, is part of
the UK.

Task 6 Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following words: article, preposition,
conjunction or relative pronoun. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. Write the
answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
Strange laws
Laws are usually made …….. (1) the Parliament. Many people take part in this process. But it is
amazing how stupid some laws may be. During the 6th century, it was common to say to people ……..
(2) sneezed ‘God bless you!’ because they thought …….. (3) bad things were coming out of their
bodies. During the great epidemic in Europe, the Pope passed ……… (4) law which said that it was
allowed to say ‘God bless you’ to anyone who sneezed. There are still some strange laws …….. (5) the
world. For example, in the US state of Alabama, it is illegal to play dominoes …….. (6) Sunday and in
the state of Minnesota it is illegal to hang male …… (7) female underwear on the same washing line. In
Texas, two categories …….. (8) men are not punished for looking into other people’s windows: men
over 50 and men …….. (9) only one eye. In Oklahoma you can be sent to prison …….. (10) playing a joke
on somebody. And …… (11) you're in Hawaii and you are laughing …….. (12) these strange laws, stop!
In Hawaii you are not allowed to laugh after 10 pm.

Task 6 • Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following words: article, preposition,
conjunction, auxiliary or link verb. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. • Write
the answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy any words from the text on the answer sheet.
Christopher Columbus was born in the seaport of Genoa, in Italy. Once he heard sailors speaking
about (0) Marco Polo, who had visited countries east …….. (1) Europe 200 years before. Marco Polo
had written ……. (2) his long journeys by land, and the wonderful places he had seen. Europeans at
that time were very interested …….. (3) the gold, the precious stones and the spices that came from
the east. They used horses ………. (4) elephants to travel on land, across mountains and deserts, to get
to the countries that Marco Polo …….. (5) written about. The trips were long, dangerous and
expensive. This was ……. (6) reason why Columbus wanted to find a shorter route to Japan, China, and
India. …….. (7) that time some people still believed that the world was flat. They said that if a ship
sailed to the edge …….. (8) the world, it would fall off and be lost! Columbus did not believe this; he
…….. (9) always certain that the world was round. He thought that …… (10) he sailed in one direction
he would eventually come back home, and he also thought ……. (11) if he travelled west, he would
reach India. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain also believed him and they agreed to give him
……… (12) money he needed to go on this voyage.

Task 6 • Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following words: article, preposition,
conjunction, auxiliary or link verb. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. • Write
the answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
On the third of August 1492, Columbus set sail with (0) three ships: the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and
the Nina. These ships ………. (1) made of wood and were not at all comfortable. They had compasses
to show them in which direction they were travelling, but ……… (2) compasses were not very accurate.
So Columbus navigated mainly ………. (3) studying the positions of the stars and the moon. It ………. (4)
a dangerous voyage. Nobody had ever sailed for such ………… (5) long time without seeing land.
Finally, ……… (6) October 12th, they saw an island. Columbus thought that it was an island near India;
he did not know ……… (7) there were other lands between Italy and India for someone sailing west! He
……….. (8) completely wrong. He really had discovered a new world - America. Columbus called this
island San Salvador ………. (9) he called the people he found there Indians, because he was sure that
San Salvador was ………... (10) island near India. Columbus was one of the greatest travellers ….….. (11)
history. He not only discovered a new world but also encouraged other explorers to travel more.
Later, because of Columbus, other sailors found a new way to get ……… (12) India.

Task 6 • Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following words: article, preposition,
conjunction, auxiliary or link verb. Note that in each space you should insert only ONE word. • Write
the answers on the answer sheet. Do not copy the words from the text on the answer sheet.
Columbus Day is an official national holiday in the USA. It is celebrated on October 12, and
commemorates the discovery of America by (0) Christopher Columbus on October 2, 1492. On that
day schools, banks, post offices ……. (1) government offices are closed. Many schools and universities
organize special events, such ….… (2) shows, dances, concerts and performances. There ……… (3) also
many public ceremonies and events, organized by city authorities. Street parades, food festivals and
banquets are some of the events …….. (4) are run in many places across the United States. And the
fact that it is …….. (5) national holiday does not mean that everything is closed; the shops are open all
day and Columbus Day is one of their busiest days ………. (6) the year! As Christopher Columbus was
Italian himself, Columbus Day is also a day for celebration among Americans who came to the States
…….. (7) Italy. There are many things in American culture which ………….. (8) brought there by Italian
immigrants many years ago. As we all know, pizza and pasta, opera and Italian fashion are part ……….
(9) the daily life of Americans. It is also a day to remember the strong friendship between ………. (10)
two countries - Italy and the United States. And ……… (11) this special day, Italian-American politicians
and entertainers take part …….. (12) many of the public events and TV programmes.