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Math Snap - Class X

This document provides messages of encouragement from education officials to students using an academic booklet as a resource. It lists 27 contributors from various Kendriya Vidyalayas who collaborated to design the booklet, which contains a 10 day remedial plan covering topics like statistics, coordinate geometry, polynomials, and trigonometry. The booklet aims to provide targeted academic support to empower students for success.

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Ameli Jeevanathan

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Math Snap - Class X

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Ameli Jeevanathan

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CLASS X

क ीय िव ालय संगठन गुवाहाटी संभाग

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
GUWAHATI REGION
MESSAGE FROM DEPUTY COMMISSIONER

- “Dear Students, this is a dedicated resource crafted to

fortify your academic foundation. Your journey towards success
begins here, supported by our commitment to your growth.
Wishing you determination and achievements ahead.”

- Sh. C. S. Azad, DC, KVS RO Guwahati

MESSAGE FROM ASSISTANT COMMISSIONERS

“Dear students, this booklet is tailored to support your

academic journey. May it be a helpful companion in your
pursuit of excellence. Best wishes”

- Sh. R.K. Panigrahi, AC, KVS RO Guwahati

"Dear, this resource is a dedicated tool to support your

academic efforts. Embrace the opportunity for growth and
success in your learning journey. We hope that you will find it
useful and enjoyable."

- Sh. N. Kumar, AC, KVS RO Guwahati

MESSAGE FROM PRINCIPAL

“This booklet is our sincere effort in empowering students with

targeted support for academic success”

- Sh. Vivek Kumar, Principal, KV IIT Guwahati

CONTRIBUTORS
This remedial booklet is a collaborative effort of team of 27 dedicated and
experienced TGT MATHS from various Kendriya Vidyalayas of Guwahati
region. They have contributed their expertise, knowledge, and creativity
to design and develop this booklet for the benefit of the students.
Sr. No. Name of the Contributors Name of the KV
1 MR. VASEEM KV DIPHU
2 MR. CHET RAM KV NAMRUP
3 MR. GOLAM ROBBANI AHMED KV PANBARI
4 MR. JITU RAJKONWAR PM SHRI KV GOLAGHAT
5 MS. AMRITA PATGIRI PM SHRI KV AFS DIGARU
6 MR. ABHISHEK CHAUDHARY PM SHRI KV NEW BONGAIGAON
7 MRS. RITU PM SHRI KV No.1 AFS JORHAT
8 MR. ANIL SAXENA PM SHRI KV KHANAPARA
9 MR. KANHA TANDI PM SHRI KV NAGAON
10 MR. AJIT SINGH KV HAFLONG
11 MR. NAND KISHOR PINGOLIYA KV ONGC SIVASAGAR
12 MR. GAJENDRA SINGH DHARMESH KV ONGC NAZIRA
13 MR. JAIKISHAN PRASAD KV BARPETA
14 MR. GAURAV KV IIT GUWAHATI
15 MR. PRINCE SAINI KV IIT GUWAHATI
16 MR. PRAMOD KUMAR KV LUMDING
17 MR. DINESH YADAV KV CCI BOKAJAN
18 MRS. LAKSHIKA RAHEJA KV IOC NOONMATI
19 MR. RANJEET KUMAR YADAV KV AFS BORJHAR GUWAHATI
20 MRS. SUSMITA DAS KV GOALPARA
21 MR. RAMPRATAP SINGH PM SHRI KV MISSAMARI
22 MR. CHAHANDE ATUL DHARMARAO KV MISA CANTT.
23 MR. NITIN BIJALWAN KV RRL JORHAT
24 MR. YOGESH BAGHEL KV NARANGI
25 MR. MD FARAZ ALAM KV HPCL JAGIROAD
26 MR. ASHISH DABAS KV CRPF AMERIGOG
27 MR. Raj Kumar KV MALIGAON

EDITORS
Sr. No. Name of the Editors Name of the KV
1 SH. V. N. SASIDHAR VALLURI PM SHRI KV NARANGI
2 SH. ABHISHEK JAIN KV BARPETA
3 DR. (MRS.) AAYUSHI JAIN PM SHRI KV KHANAPARA
CONTENTS

10 DAYS REMEDIAL PLAN

DAY 01 – STATISTICS (PART – I MEAN AND MODE)

DAY 02 – STATISTICS (PART – II MEDIAN), PROBABILITY

DAY 03 – COORDINATE GEOMETRY, CIRCLES

DAY 04 – REAL NUMBERS, TRIANGLES

DAY 05 – CUMULATIVE TEST BASED ON DAY 01-04 CONCEPTS, SURFACE AREA

AND VOLUME

DAY 06 – POLYNOMIALS, PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

DAY 07 – QUADRATIC EQUATIONS, INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

DAY 08 – ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS, AREA RELATED TO CIRCLES

DAY 09 – APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

DAY 10 – CUMULATIVE TEST ]BASIC MATHS] AND ERROR ANALYSIS

DAY 01
STATISTICS-PART I

KEY CONCEPTS

Three measures of central tendencies are: a) Mean b) Median c) Mode

Mean: It represents the average of the given collection of data.

Mean of grouped data is computed by the following methods:

a) Direct Method
∑𝑓 𝑥
𝑥̅ =
∑𝑓
b) Assumed Mean Method
∑𝑓 𝑑
𝑥̅ = 𝑎 +
∑𝑓
where 𝑑 = 𝑥 – 𝑎, and 𝑎 is the assumed mean.
Mode: It is the most frequently occurring observation.

Mode of grouped data can be calculated using the formula

𝑓 − 𝑓
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑙 + ×ℎ
2𝑓 − 𝑓 − 𝑓

where 𝑙 = lower class limit of modal class

𝑓 = frequency of modal class
𝑓 = frequency of class preceding modal class
𝑓 = frequency of class succeeding modal class
h = class size

WORKSHEET

Q1. If 𝑥 = 2, 𝑓 = 12, 𝑓 = 2 and 𝑓 = 7, find 𝑦

𝑦= 𝑥+ ×5

Q2. Mode is
a) Least frequent value b) Most frequent value
c) Middle most value d) None of these

Q3. The upper limit of modal class in the following distribution is:

Class interval 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
frequency 12 16 10 9 13 8 18 4
a) 40 b) 60 c) 80 d) 90
Q4. Mean of the following distribution is 2.5. Find the value of ‘y’
Variable (x) 1 2 3 4 5

Frequency 4 5 y 1 2

a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 2

Q5. Find the mean and mode of the given data. Also, interpret the two measures.

Number of students 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55
per teacher
Number of States/UTs 3 8 9 10 3 0 0 2
Ans.

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Q6. The mean of the following distribution is 53. Find the missing frequencies 𝑓 and 𝑓

Classes 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Total

Frequency 15 𝑓 21 𝑓 17 100
Ans.

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Q7. Find mode of the following data

MARKS OBTAINED NUMBER OF STUDENTS
Less than 10 5
Less than 20 8
Less than 30 12
Less than 40 15
Less than 50 18
Less than 60 22
Less than 70 29
Less than 80 38
Less than 90 45
Less than 100 53
Ans.
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DAY 02
SLIP TEST
Q1. In a retail market, fruit vendors were selling mangoes kept in packing boxes. These boxes
contained varying number of mangoes. The following was the distribution of mangoes according to
the number of boxes.
Number of mangoes 50-52 53-55 56-58 59-61 62-64
Number of boxes 15 110 135 115 25
Calculate the mean number of oranges.
Q2. Calculate Mode of the following data:
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Number of students 5 10 12 6 3
DAY 02
STATISTICS – PART II

Median: It represents the mid-value of the given set of data.

Median for grouped data can be calculated using the formula,

𝑛
− 𝑐𝑓
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑙 + 2 ×ℎ
𝑓

where 𝑙 = lower class limit of median class

n = total frequency
𝑐𝑓 = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class
𝑓 = frequency of the median class
h = class size
Empirical Relationship

3 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 + 2 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛

WORKSHEET

Q1. Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?

a) Mean b) Median
c) Standard deviation d) Mode

Q2. For a frequency distribution, mean, median and mode are connected by the relation

a) Mode = 3 Mean – 2 Median b) Mode = 2 Median – 3 Mean

c) Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean d) Mode = 3 Median + 2 Mean

Q3. The median class for the following distribution is:

Class interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

frequency 3 5 2 8 5 3 4
a) 20 – 30 b) 30 – 40
c) 40 – 50 d) 50 – 60

Q4. Find unknown entries a, b, c, d, e, f in the following distribution of heights of students in a class
and the total number of students in the class in 50.

Height
150–155 155–160 160–165 165–170 170–175 175–180
in cm.
Frequency 12 b 10 d e 2
Cumulative a 25 c 43 48 f
frequency
Ans.

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Q5. An inter house cricket match was organised by a school. Distribution of run made by the
students is given below. Find the median runs scored.
Runs Scored 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100

Number of 4 6 5 3 4
students
Ans.

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PROBABILITY

KEY CONCEPTS
1. Sample space- The set of all possible outcomes in any experiment.
2. Sum of probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is always 1.
3. Probability of an event lies between 0 and 1. ( 0≤P(E) ≤ 1)
.
4. Probability =
5. Probability for sure event is 1.
6. Probability for impossible event is 0.
7. P( E ) + P(not E) = 1

NUMBER OF TOTAL OUTCOMES

Event Outcome Total outcomes
1 Tossing a coin (H,T) 2
2 Tossing 2coins at a time (HH,HT,TH,TT) 4
3 Tossing 3 coins at a time (HHH,HHT,HTH,HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT) 8
4 Throwing a die (1,2,3,4,5,6) 6
5 Throwing a pair of dice (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,4) (1,6) 36
(21,) (2,2)………………………(2.6)
(3,1)………………………………(3,6)
(4,1)………………………………(4,6)
(5,1)……………………………...(5,6)
(6,1)…………………………….(6,6)
6 3 red balls,5 blue balls, 3+5+8 16
8 white balls
7 A pack of cards Red red black black Total cards 52
Heart diamond spade club Red cards 26
A A Black cards 26
2 2 Heart 13 (Red)
3 3 Diamonds 13 (Red)
4 4 Spade 13 (Black)
5 5 Clubs 13 (Black)
6 6 Ace 4
7 7 Face 12 (Jack-4,
8 8 Queen-4, King-4)
9 9
10 10
J J
Q Q
K K

WORKSHEET
1. An event in the probability that will never be happened is called as,
(a) Unsure event (b) Sure event
(c) Possible event (d) Impossible event
2. What will be the value of P(not E) if P(E) = 0.07.
(a) 0.07 (b) 0.93
(c ) 0.73 (c) 1
3. Probability of an event lies between ….. and ……
4. If two dice are thrown once, then find the total number of outcomes.
(a) 6 (b) 12
(c ) 13 (d) 36
5. Which of the following can not be the probability of an event?
(a) (b) 0.1
(c) 3% (d)
6. A card is selected from a deck of 52 cards. The probability of its being a face card is,
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
7. A box contains 5 red marbles, 8 white marbles and 4 green marbles. One marble is
taken out of the box at random. What is the probability that the marble taken out will
be:-
(i) Red (ii) Not green?
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8. Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability of getting:
(i) The sum of two numbers is equal to 6
(ii) Same number
(iii) Less than or equal to 12?
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DAY 03
SLIP TEST

1. Calculate Median marks of the following data 4

MARKS OBTAINED NUMBER OF STUDENTS

Less than 10 5
Less than 20 8
Less than 30 12
Less than 40 15
Less than 50 18
Less than 60 22
Less than 70 29
Less than 80 38
Less than 90 45
Less than 100 53
2. Find the mean of the data using an empirical formula when it is given that mode is
50.5 and median is 45.5. 1
3 A coin is tossed once. Find the probability of getting head. 1
4. In a cricket match a batsman hits the boundary six times out of 30 balls, 1
he plays. Find the probability that he did not hit the boundary.
5. A dice is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a prime number. 1
6. A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Find the probability of getting 1
a red ball.
7. One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the 1
probability of getting a king of red colour.
8. A die is drawn once. Find the probability of getting :- 2
(a) A composite number (b) A number lying between 2 and 6
9. A child has a die whose six faces show the letters as given below : 2
A B C D E A
The die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting:
(i) A ? (ii) D ?
10. A three coin are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of getting 3
(i) A head
(ii) At least one head
(iii) At most two tail
DAY 03
COORDINATE GEOMETRY

KEY CONCEPTS: Coordinates: The distance of a point from the y-axis is called its x-coordinate, or

abscissa. The distance of a point from the x-axis is called its y-coordinate, or ordinate.

The coordinates of a point on the x-axis are of the form (x, 0), and of a point on the y-axis are of the
form (0, y).
DISTANCE FORMULA- The distance between P( x1 , y1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 )is x2  x1 2   y 2  y1 2

The distance of a point P(x , y) from the origin is x2  y2

SECTION FORMULA - The coordinates of the two point P( x, y ) which divides the line segment

joining the points A( x1 , y1 ) and B ( x2 , y2 ) internally in the ratio M1 : M2 are

 m1 x 2  m2 x1 m1 y 2  m2 y1 
 , 
 m1  m2 m1  m2 

MID POINT FORMULA – The mid-point of the line segment joining the points

 x  x 2 y1  y 2 
P( x1 , y1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 ) is  1 , 
 2 2 

WORKSHEET:

Q 1. What are the coordinates of a point on x-axis? Ans: (x, o)

Q 2. What is the formula for distance of a point P (x , y ) from the origin ? Ans: x 2  y 2
Q 3. What is the formula for finding the distance between two points P( x1 , y1 ) and Q(x2 , y2 ) ?

Ans :
x2  x1 2   y 2  y1 2
Distance Formula:
Q 1. Find the distance between the points (0 ,0) and (36 , 15) .
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Q 2. Check whether the points (1 , 5) , ( 2 , 3) and (-2 , -11) are collinear?
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Q 3. Find a point on the x-axis which is equidistant from (2 , -5) and (-2 , 9).
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Q 4. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x , y) is equidistant from the point (3 , 6 )
and (-3 , 4 ).
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Section Formula :
Q 1. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the points
(4, -3) and (8 , 5) in the ratio 3:1internally.
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Q 2. If A and B are (-2 , -2) and (2, -4) respectively, find the coordinates of P such that
AP= 3/7 AB and P lies on the line segment AB.
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Mid-Point Formula:
Q 1 Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle whose centre is (2 , -3)
and B is (1, 4).
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1 A circle has a number of tangents equal to

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) Infinite

2 If the angle between two radii of a circle is 110˚, then the angle between the tangents at
the ends of the radii is:
(a) 90˚ (b) 50˚ (c) 70˚ (d) 40˚

3 If angle between two radii of a circle is 130˚, the angle between the tangents at the ends
of the radii is :
(a) 90˚ (b) 50˚ (c) 70˚ (d) 40˚

4 In figure, on a circle of radius 7 cm, tangent PT is drawn from a point P such that PT = 24
cm. If O is the centre of the circle, then the length of PR is:
(a) 30 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 32 cm (d) 28 cm

5 In the given figure, PA is a tangent from an external point P to a circle with centre O. If 
POB = 115˚, then value of  APO is
(a) 25˚ (b) 20˚ (c) 30˚ (d) 65˚
7 In figure, O is the centre of circle. PQ is a chord and PT is tangent at P which makes an
angle of 50˚ with PQ then  POQ is
(a) 130˚ (b) 90˚ ( c) 100˚ (d) 75˚

8 In figure, AP, AQ and BC are tangents of the circle with centre O. If AB = 5 cm, AC = 6 cm
and BC = 4 cm, then find the length of AP (in cm).

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9 A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm, subtends a right angle at its centre. What is the length
of the chord?
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10 In the given figure, AB is a chord of the circle and AOC is its diameter such that ∠ACB =
50˚. If AT is the tangent to the circle at the point A, find ∠BAT.

SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS
12 A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle. Prove that AB + CD = AD + BC

13 If tangents PA and PB drawn from an external point P to a circle with centre O are
inclined to each other at an angle of 80˚, then find ∠POA.
14 Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend
supplementary angles at the centre of the circle
15 In Figure, PQ and RS are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another
tangent AB with point of contact C intersecting PQ at A and RS at B. Prove that ∠AOB =
90˚
DAY 04
SLIP TEST:

Q 1. Find the coordinate of the point which divides the join of (-1,7) and (4,-3) in the ratio 2:3.
Q2. If the points A(6,1) ,B(8,2), C(9,4) and D(p,3) are the vertices of a parallelogram, taken in order,
find the value of p.
Q3. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4,1) and (2,3).
Q4. The centre of a circle is (2a, a-7). Find the values of a if the circle passes through the point (11,-
9) and has diameter 10√2 .
Q 5. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x , y) is equidistant from the points (7, 1)
and (3, 5).
Q 6. Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.
Q 7. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.
Q 8. Prove that the lengths of tangents drawn from an external point are equal.
DAY 04
REAL NUMBERS
KEY CONCEPT

Irrational Numbers
Any number that cannot be expressed in the form of p/q (where p and q are integers and q≠0.) is
an irrational number. Examples √2,π, e and so on.
Prime Factorisation
 Prime Factorisation is the method of expressing a natural number as a product of
prime numbers.
 Example: 36 = 2×2×3×3 is the prime factorisation of 36.
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
 The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states that the prime factorisation for a
given number is unique if the arrangement of the prime factors is ignored.
 Example: 36 = 2×2×3×3 OR, 36 = 2×3×2×3
 Therefore, 36 is represented as a product of prime factors (Two 2s and two 3s)
ignoring the arrangement of the factors.

Method of Finding LCM

As we know, the smallest of the common multiples of two or more numbers is called the lowest
common multiple (LCM).
Example: To find the Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.) of 36 and 56,
1. 36=2×2×3×3
56=2×2×2×7
2. The common prime factors are 2×2
3. The uncommon prime factors are 3×3 for 36 and 2×7 for 56.
4. LCM of 36 and 56 = 2×2×3×3×2×7 which is 504

Method of Finding HCF

We know that the greatest number that divides each of the given numbers without leaving any
remainder is the highest common factor (HCF) of two or more given numbers.
H.C. F can be found using two methods – Prime factorization.
 Prime Factorisation:
 Given two numbers, we express both of them as products of their respective prime
factors. Then, we select the prime factors that are common to both the numbers
 Example – To find the H.C.F of 20 and 24
20=2×2×5 and 24=2×2×2×3
 The factor common to 20 and 24 is 2×2, which is 4, which in turn is the H.C.F of 20
and 24.
Product of Two Numbers = HCF X LCM of the Two Numbers
 For any two positive integers a and b,
a×b=H.C. F×L.C.M.
 Example – For 36 and 56, the H.C.F is 4 and the L.C.M is 504
36×56=2016
4×504=2016
Thus, 36×56=4×504
Number theory: Interesting results
 If a number p (a prime number) divides a2, then p divides a. Example: 3 divides 62 i.e
36, which implies that 3 divides 6.
 The sum or difference of a rational and an irrational number is irrational
 The product and quotient of a non-zero rational and irrational number are irrational.
 √p is irrational when ‘p’ is a prime. For example, 7 is a prime number, and √7 is
irrational. The above statement can be proved by the method of “Proof by contradiction”.

Proof by Contradiction
In the method of contradiction, to check whether a statement is TRUE
(i) We assume that the given statement is TRUE.
(ii) We arrive at some result which contradicts our assumption, thereby proving the contrary.

WORKSHEET

1. The product of a non-zero rational and an irrational number is

a. always irrational b. always rational
c. rational or irrational d. one
2. The HCF and LCM of 12, 21, 15 respectively are:
a. 3,140 b. 12, 420 C. 3, 420 d. 420,3
3. What is the LCM of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime number?
a. 1 b. 2 C. 3 d. 4
4. 2√3 is:
a. an integer b. a rational number
C. an irrational number d. a whole number
5. The LCM of x and 18 is 36 and HCF of x and 18 is 2. What is the number x?
a. 1 b. 2 C. 3 d. 4
6. If the LCM of p and 10 is 50 and the HCF of p and 10 is 5 then find the value of p.
Solution:
LCM (p, 10) = …………….
HCF (p, 10) = …………….
……… x ……… = LCM x HCF
p x ………. = 50 x 5
p = …………..
7. Can the number 6n, n being a natural number, end with the digit 0? Give reasons.
Solution:
Prime factors of 6 = ……… x ……..
6n = ……x 2n
It’s prime factors not of the form ……….. x ……..
Hence 6n never ends with 0.
8. Complete the following factor tree and find the composite number x and y.

9. Given that √3 is irrational prove that 2+7√3 is irrational.

Solution:
Let 2+7√3 is rational number
So, 2+7√3 = (where x and y are …………………….. and y ≠ ………)
7√3 = - ……
……….
√3 =
Where is implies that √3 is also …….…… which contradicts the fact that √3 is irrational.
Hence proved that 2+7√3 is …………..…
10. Prove that √5 is an irrational number.
Solution: (3 Marks)
We have to prove that √5 is an irrational number
It can be proved using the ……………… method
Assuming √5 as a rational number
√5 = ……
(where a and b are ……………. and b ≠……..)
√5b = a
By squaring on both sides
5b2 = a2
b2 = ……. (1)
It means that 5 divides a2.
It means that it also divides a
So, we can write a = 5c for some integer c.
By squaring on both sides
a2 = …….
Substituting the value of a2 in equation (1)
5b2 = ………
b2 = 5c
As b2 is divisible by 5,
⇒ ……. is also divisible by 5
a and b have a common factor as …………
It contradicts the fact that …..… and ………. are coprime.
This has arisen due to the incorrect assumption as ……… is a rational number.
So √5 is an irrational number.
More Practice Questions
Q1 Prove that √3 is an irrational number.
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SIMILAR TRIANGLES

KEY CONCEPTS –

1. SIMILAR FIGURES- Two figures having the same shape (size may or may not be same) are
called similar figures.
Examples -

2. Pairs of all regular polygons, containing equal number of sides are similar.
3. Similar triangles – Two triangles are said to be similar if
a) Their corresponding angles are equal
b) Ratio of their corresponding sides are equal/proportional

4. All congruent figures are similar but similar figures may/may not congruent.

5. Condition of similarity of two triangles

a) AAA criterion
b) SAS criterion
c) SSS criterion

6. Important Theorems of the topic triangles

Basic proportionality Theorem (B.P.T.)/Thales Theorem

7. Application of BPT.
WORKSHEET

1 Two squares are similar, if their sides are

a) Equal b)Proportional c)Both a and b d)None of the above
2 All congruent figures are

a) Similar b)Not similar c)Both a and b d)None of the above

3. All similar figures are

a) congruent b) Not congruent c) Both a and b d)None of the above

4 All circles are

a) congruent b) Similar c) Both a and b d)None of the above

5 Which of the following is not a similarity criterion in triangles

a) AAA b) SAS c) SSS d) RHS

6. State and prove BPT.

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SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS
7. E and F are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of a
∆PQR. PE=3.9cm,EQ=3cm,PF=3.6cm and
FR=2.4cm.State whether EF II QR:

8. .In Fig if LM II CB and LN II CD, prove that = =

9. Prove that the line segment joining the mid points of any
two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side.

10. If 15 m high tower casts shadow of 24 m long at a certain time and at the same time, a
telephone pole casts a shadow of 16 m high. Find the height of the telephone pole.

11. Prove that a line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle parallel to another
side bisects the third side.

12. D is a point on the side BC of a triangle ABC such that  ADC=  BAC. Show that CA²=CB.CD.
13. If AD and PM are medians of triangles ABC and PQR respectively where ∆A BC~∆PQR prove
that =
DAY 05
CUMULATIVE TEST

Instructions:
All the questions are compulsory.
1. The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime factorisation of 196 is:
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 2
2. The total number of factors of a prime number is:
a. 1 b. 0 c. 2 d. 3
3. What is the HCF of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime number?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
4. The HCF of two numbers a and b is 5 and their LCM is 200. What is the product a and b?
a. 100 b. 200 c. 500 d. 1000
5. LCM of (23x3x5) and (24x5x7) is:
a. 23x3x5 b. 24x3x5x7 c. 23x3x5x7 d. 23x5x7
6. Express 429 as product of its prime factors.
7. Use prime factorisation to find LCM and HCF of 96 and 120.
8. Three traffic lights at three different road crossing change after every 48 seconds, 72
seconds and 108 seconds respectively. If they change simultaneously at 7 am, at which time
will they change together next?
9. Prove that √5 is an irrational number.
10. Given that √2 is irrational, prove that (5+3√2) is an irrational number.

11. Find the values of y for which the distance between the points P(2, – 3) and Q(10, y) is
10 units.

12. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x , y) is equidistant from the point
(3 , 6 ) and (-3 , 4 ).

13. Prove that the lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

14. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.

15. State and prove BPT.

16. Find the mean and median of the following distribution.

Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
Frequency 4 4 8 10 12 8 4
17. In a frequency distribution mode is 7.88, mean is 8.32 find the median.

18. Weight of new-born babies in a hospital is a follows: 3

Weight (in Kg) 1.3-1.5 1.5-1.7 1.7-1.9 1.9-2.1 2.1-2.3 2.3-2.5 2.5-2.7 2.7-2.9

No. of Babies 1 4 6 9 10 X 8 3

If mode = 2.2kg, find unknown frequency X.

DAY 05
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME

KEY CONCEPT:

Curved Surface Area- The curved surface area is defined as the area of only curved surface, leaving

the circular top and base.

Total Surface Area- It is the area of the curved surface as well as the bases.
𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 (𝑙) = 𝑟 +ℎ

𝑖𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑠 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠 (𝑙)
= 3 +4 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5 𝑐𝑚
WORKSHEET:

1. Find the radius of the following given diameter of a circular base.

(a) D = 12 cm R =………. (b) D =7.5 cm R=…………….
(c) D= 48 cm R =……….. (d) D= 3.5cm R=………..
2. Write the formula for volume of cylinder ……………………………………………….
3. If radius of a circular disc A is 16 cm and B is 24 cm the find the ratio of the radius A to
B…………………..
4. The shape of an ice-cream cone is a combination of:
(a) Sphere + cylinder (b) Sphere + cone (c) Hemisphere + cylinder (d) Hemisphere + cone
5. If r is the radius of the sphere, then the surface area of the sphere is given by;

(a) 4πr (b) ) 4πr (c) ) 2πr (d) ) πr

6. If a cylinder is covered by two hemispheres shaped lid of equal shape, then the total curved
surface area of the new object will be
(a) 4πrh + 2πr (b) 4πrh – 2πr (c) 2πrh + 4πr (d) 2πrh + 4πr
7. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. The cylindrical part is 2·1 m high
and conical part has slant height 2·8 m. Both the parts have same radius 2 m. Find the area of the
canvas used to make the tent.
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8. A heap of rice is in the form of a cone of base diameter 24 m and height 3.5 m. Find the volume of
the rice. How much canvas cloth is required to just cover the heap?
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9. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone of same radius.
The height of the cone is 10 cm and the radius of the base is 7 cm. Determine the volume of the toy.
Also find the area of the coloured sheet required to cover the toy.
(Use π =𝟐𝟐/𝟕 and √𝟏𝟒𝟗 = 12·2)
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10. A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a hemisphere, with both their radii being equal to 1
cm and the height of the cone being equal to its radius. Find the volume of the solid in terms of π.
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SUGGESTED QUESTION:

A hemispherical depression is cut out from one face of a cubical wooden block such that the

diameter l of the hemisphere is equal to the edge of the cube. Determine the surface area of the

remaining solid.
DAY 06
SLIP TEST

Question 1. A cylindrical pencil sharpened at one edge is the combination of (1 marks)

(a) two cylinders (b) a hemisphere and a cylinder

(c) a cone and a cylinder (d) frustum of a cone and a cylinder

Question 2. A shuttlecock used for playing badminton has the shape of the combination of (1

marks)

(a) a cylinder and a sphere (b) a sphere and a cone

(c) a cylinder and a hemisphere (d) frustum of a cone and a hemisphere

Question 3. The total surface area of a hemispherical solid having radius 7 cm is (1 marks)

(a) 462 cm² (b) 294 cm² (c) 588 cm² (d) 154 cm²

Question 4. Match the following: (1 marks)

Question 5. A sphere and a cube have equal surface areas. The ratio of the volume of the sphere to

that of cube is. (2 marks)

Question 6. Rachel, an engineering student, was asked to make a model shaped like a cylinder with

two cones attached at its two ends by using a thin aluminium sheet.

The diameter of the model is 3 cm, and its length is 12 cm. If each
cone has a height of 2 cm, find the volume of air contained in the model that Rachel made. (Assume

the outer and inner dimensions of the model are nearly the same.) (3 marks)

Question 7. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical depressions to

hold pens. The dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm by 10 cm by 3.5 cm. The radius of each of the

depressions is 0.5 cm, and the depth is 1.4 cm. Find the volume of wood in the entire stand (see

Fig.). (5 marks)

Question 8. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and

diameter of the cylindrical part are 2.1 m and 4 m, respectively, and the slant height of the top is 2.8

m, find the area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also, find the cost of the canvas of the tent

at the rate of Rs 500 per m2. (Note that the base of the tent will not be covered with canvas. (5

marks)

Question 9. A toy is in the form of a cone of radius 3.5 cm mounted on a hemisphere of the same

radius. The total height of the toy is 15.5 cm. Find the total surface area of the toy. (3 marks)
DAY 06
POLYNOMIALS
KEY CONCEPTS
1. Highest power of a polynomial is called its degree.
2. The polynomial with degree one,two and three are called linear, quadratic and cubic
polynomials respectively.
3. A polynomial can have at the most the number of zeroes as the degree of the polynomial
4. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of polynomial:
If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax2+bx+c then
Sum of zeroes is 𝛼 + 𝛽 = −
& product of zeroes is 𝛼 𝛽 =
5. If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax2+bx+c then
P(x) = k[x2- (sum of zeroes)x + product of zeroes]
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑘[𝑥 − (𝛼 + 𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼 𝛽

WORKSHEET
1. The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + kx + k, k≠0
(a) cannot both be positive (b) cannot both be negative
(c) are always unequal (d) are always equal
2. How many zeroes does the given polynomial 4x3 + 6x2 - 9x + 20 have?
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3. Find out number of zeroes from the graph of the polynomials:

4. If α, β are the zeroes of the polynomial P(x) = 4x2 + 3x +7, then find the sum and product of
zeros.
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5. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 3x + k is 2, then find the value of k.
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6. If p and q are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 2x2 – 7x + 3, find the value of p
+ q – pq.
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7. Find the quadratic polynomial, the sum of whose zeroes is –5 & product is 6.
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SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS
8. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are –9 and –1/9.
9. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial 2x2 + px + 4 is 2, find the other zero. Also, find the
value of p.
10. Find a quadratic polynomial whose one zero is 5 and product of zeroes is 30.
11. If the product of the zeroes of the polynomial ax2 – 6x – 6 is 4, then find the value of a. Also
find the sum of zeroes of the polynomial.
12. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 – 2x – 8 and verify the relationship between
the zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

KEY CONCEPTS

1. Two linear equations in the same two variables are called a pair of linear equations in two
variables. The most general form of a pair of linear equations is
𝑎 𝑥+𝑏 𝑦+𝑐 =0
𝑎 𝑥+𝑏 𝑦+𝑐 =0
Where 𝑎 , 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 , 𝑐 are real numbers, such that 𝑎 + 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑎 + 𝑏 ≠ 0
2. A pair of linear equations in two variables can be represented, and solved, by the:
(I) GRAPHICAL METHOD
(II) ALGEBRAIC METHOD
3. GRAPHICAL METHOD: the graph of a pair of linear equations in two variables is represented
by two lines.
(i) If the lines intersect at a point, then that point gives the unique solution of the two
equations. In this case, the pair of equations is consistent.
(ii) If the lines coincide, then there are infinitely many solutions – each point on the line
being a solution. In this case, the pair of equations is dependent (consistent).
(iii) If the lines are parallel, then the pair of equations has no solution. In this case, the
pair of equations is inconsistent.
4. Algebraic method: we have discussed the following methods for finding the solutions of a
pair of linear equations:
(i) Substitution method
(ii) Elimination method
(iii) Cross-multiplication method
5. If a pair of linear equation is given by 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 , then the
following situations can arise :
(i) ≠ : in this case, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
(ii) = ≠ : in this case, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.
(iii) = = : in this case, the pair of linear equations is dependent and consistent.
6. There are several situations which can be mathematically represented by two equations
that are not linear to start with. But we alter them so that they are reduced to a pair of linear
equations.

WORKSHEET
1. In the equation 3x−2y=7, the coefficients of x and y are:
a) 3 and −2 b) −2 and 7 c) 3 and 7 d) −2 and −7
2. Which of the following is a linear equation in two variables?
a)2x+3y=5 b) x2+y2=9 c) y2=2x+3 d) xy=6
3. Which of the following is a solution to the equation 4x+5y=20?
a)x=2,y=2 b)x=5,y=2 c)x=3,y=4 d)x=0,y=4
4. In the given equation 7x+9y-8=0, find the value of constant term(c)
5. In the given equation: 5x+3y-5=0, then find the value of a, b, and c.
6. Solve the following pair of linear equation by substitution method:
8x+5y=9; 3x+2y=4
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7. Find the number of solutions of the following pair of linear equations:

x + 2y – 8 = 0
2x + 4y = 16

8. If 3x + 2y = 13 and 3x – 2y = 5, then find the value of x + y.

9. Solve the following equation by elimination method

x + 4y = 10, y – 2 = 0
2x – 3y = 6, x – 6 = 0

1. Which of the following do not represent the graph of a quadratic polynomial:

2. A quadratic polynomial can have at most ........ zeroes.

3. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = –7 has
(a) one solution (b) two solution (c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solution
4. In the given equation: 2x+3y-k=0, if x= -1, and y=-1, then find the value of k.
5. The pair of equations
5x – 15y = 8 and 3x – 9y = 24/5 has
(a) infinite number of solutions (b) unique solution (c) no solution (d) one
solution
6. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. If 27 is added to it, the digits of the numbers get
reversed. The number is
(a) 36 (b) 72 (c) 63 (d) 25
7. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 6x2 – 3 – 7x and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and the coefficients of the polynomial.
8. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial (k – 1)x2 + kx + 1 is –3, then find the value of k.
9. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3 and –5.
10. If one zero of the quadratic polynomials kx2 + 3x + k is 2, then find the value of k.
11. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + (a + 1) x + b are 2 and –3 then find a and b.
11. Solve the following pair of linear equation by the substitution method: 2
x+y=14; x-y=4
12. Half the perimeter the rectangular garden, whose length is 4m more than its 2
width, is 36m. find the dimensions of the garden.
13. find out whether the following pair of linear equations are consistent, or 3
inconsistent.
(i) 3x + 2y = 5 ; 2x – 3y = 7 (ii) 2x – 3y = 8 ; 4x – 6y = 9
14. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method. 3
x + y = 14 , x – y = 4
DAY 07
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

KEY CONCEPTS

I. Important Concepts / Results A quadratic polynomial of the form𝑎𝑥² + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where a ≠ 0 and

a, b, c are real numbers, is called a quadratic equation when𝑎𝑥² + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.

Here 𝑎 and 𝑏 are the coefficients of 𝑥² and x respectively and ‘c’ is a constant term.
Any value is a solution of a quadratic equation if and only if it satisfies the quadratic equation.

Quadratic formula: The roots, i.e., α and β of a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥² + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 are given

±√ ±√
by 𝑥 = where b² – 4ac ≥ 0 or

Here, the value b² – 4ac=D is known as the discriminant and is generally denoted by D.’D’helps us

to determine the nature of roots for a given quadratic equation. Thus 𝐷 = 𝑏² – 4𝑎𝑐.

The rules are: If D = 0 ⇒ The roots are Real and Equal.

If D > 0 ⇒ The two roots are Real and Unequal.
If D < 0 ⇒ No Real roots exist.
If α and β are the roots of the quadratic equation, then Quadratic equation is: x² – (α + β) x + αβ =

0 Or x² – (sum of roots) x + product of roots = 0

WORKSHEET

1) Find the values of P for which the quadratic equation 4𝑥 + 𝑃 𝑥 + 3=0, has equal roots. (02M)
Use formula…………………………………………
Value of P……………………………………
2) Find out whether following pair of linear equation are consistent or inconsistent
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 8 ; 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 9. (02M)
Ratios = _________
=_________
= ______________
3) Find the consecutive natural number, sum of whose square is 145. (03M)
Form the equation =-----------------------
Find the solution --------------------------
4) Find the roots of quadratic equation using quadratic formula
−3𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 12 = 0. (03M)
Sol. a=_______
b=_________
c=_________
Quadratic formula =____________________________
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5) The sum of the ages of a father and his son is 45 years. Five years ago, the product of their ages
was 124 (in years). Determine their present ages. (05M)
Let father’s age= ____________
Then son’s age =____________
According to the question
Equation formed =____________
Sol. Of equation =____________
X= ____________ or ____________
So father’s age ____________
Son’s age ____________
6) Find the roots of the quadratic equation: √2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 5√2 = 0 by quadratic formula.
Sol. a=_______
b=_________
c=_________
Quadratic formula =____________________________
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7) If the sum of a number and its reciprocal is , find the number.

Form the equation =-----------------------
Find the solution =____________________________
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INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

IMPORTANT FORMULAS & KEY CONCEPTS

The word ‘trigonometry’ is derived from the Greek words ‘tri’ (meaning three), ‘gon’ (meaning
sides) and ‘metron’ (meaning measure). In fact, trigonometry is the study of relationships between
the sides and angles of a triangle.Trigonometric Ratios

Opposite & Adjacent Sides in a Right-Angled Triangle

In the ΔABC right-angled at B, BC is the side opposite to ∠A, AC is the

hypotenuse, and AB is the side adjacent to ∠A.

Trigonometric Ratios
For the right ΔABC, right-angled at ∠B, the trigonometric ratios of the ∠A are as follows:

 sin A=perpendicular/hypotenuse=BC/AC
 cos A=base/hypotenuse=AB/AC
 tan A=perpendicular/base=BC/AB
 cosec A=hypotenuse/perpendicular=AC/BC
 sec A=hypotenuse/base=AC/AB
 cot A=base/perpendicular=AB/BC

Relation between Trigonometric Ratios

 cosec θ =
 sec θ =

 tan θ =

 cot θ =

Trigonometric Ratios of Specific Angles

Trigonometric ratios for angle of measure. 00, 300,450, 600 and 900 in tabular form.

Trigonometric Identities

The three most important trigonometric identities are:

 sin2 θ+cos2 θ=1

 1+cot2 θ=coesc2 θ
 1+tan2 θ=sec2 θ

WORKSHEET
Q1. If cos A = then SinA is equal to
a)1 b) 3 5 c)0 d) None of these
Q2. If ΔABC is right angled at C, then find the value of cos (A + B)
a)1 b)0 c) 1 d) None of these
√2
Q3. The value of the given expression is

(a) sin 60° (b) cos 60° (c) tan 60° (d) sin 30°
Q4. 9 sec2 A – 9 tan2 A =
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 0
Q5. If sin (A – B) = 2 and cos(A + B) = 1 2 then the value of A and B, respectively are
1
(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 45° and 30° (d) none of these
Q6. Evaluate:

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Q7. If tan (A – B) = and tan (A + B) = √3 , then find the value of A and B

√
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Q8 If xcos𝜃 – ysin𝜃 = a, xsin𝜃 + ycos 𝜃 = b, prove that x2+y2=a2+b2.
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Q9. If 2 sin2 θ – cos2 θ = 2, then find the value of θ.
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SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS
Q11. If √3 tan θ = 1, then find the value of sin2 θ – cos2 θ.

Q12. If x = a sin𝜃 and If y= b tan𝜃 prove that - =1

√
Q13. Find A and B if sin (A + 2B) = and cos (A + 4B) = 0, where A and B are acute angles.

Q14. If 7sin 𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃 = 4, then find the value of tanθ.

Q15. Evaluate 2 tan2 45° + cos2 30° – sin2 60°.
Q16. Prove that:
i) √𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = tan θ + cot θ.

ii). =

iii) tan A –cot A=

𝑖𝑣) - = -

v). - = -

𝑣𝑖) = cosecA + cotA (using identity cosec2 A= 1+cot2A)

vii). =

viii. (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2A + cot2 A

DAY 08
SLIP TEST

1) Find the nature of the roots of the Quadratic equation 2𝑥² − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0?

(a) Real roots (b) No real roots (c) Equal roots (d) None
2) Which of the following is not a quadratic equation
(a) 𝑥² + 3𝑥 – 5 = 0 (b) 𝑥² + 𝑥 + 2 = 0 (c) 3 + 𝑥 + 𝑥² = 0 (d) 𝑥² – 9 = 0
3) The polynomial equation 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 8 = (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 – 2) is
(a) linear equation (b) quadratic equation (c) cubic equation (d) bi-quadratic equation
4) For what value(s) of 𝛼 quadratic equation 3𝛼𝑥² − 6𝑥 + 1 = 0 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠?
(a) α > 3 (b) α < 3 (c) α =3 (d) None
5) The roots of the equation 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒∶
(a)-2,-3 (b) 2,-3 (c) 2, 3 (d) 5, 6
6) Find the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥² − 3𝑥 =0.
7) Find the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation: 3𝑥² − 9𝑥 + 5 = 0?
8) The product of Riana’s age (in years) 5 years ago and his age 7 years from now, is one more
than twice his present age. Find their present age?
9) For what value of p for equation 2𝑥² + 3𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0 will have real roots?
10) What is the discriminant of the quadratic equation 7√3𝑥 + 10𝑥 − √3 = 0?
11) Find the value of k for which the roots of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 8 = 0
will have the equal roots?
12) Find the value of (k) for which the quadratic equation 9𝑥 − 3𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 has equal
roots.
13) The difference of two natural numbers is 3 and the difference of their reciprocal is .
Find the number.
14) The sum of the squares of two consecutive natural numbers is 421. Find the numbers.
15) Express cos𝜃 in term of cot𝜃
16) Evaluate 2 tan2 45° + cos2 30° – sin2 60°
17) Is it possible to have sin𝜃=4 3 .If not why?
18) In right triangle ABC, ∠B = 900, AB = 3cm and AC = 6cm. Find ∠C and ∠A.
DAY 08
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

KEY CONCEPT
1) An arithmetic progression (AP) is a list of numbers in which each term is obtained by adding
a fixed number 𝑑 to the preceding term, except the first term.
The fixed number 𝑑 is called the common difference.
The general form of an AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, …….. .
2) A given list of numbers 𝑎 , 𝑎 , 𝑎 , 𝑎 , 𝑎 , . .. is an AP, if the differences 𝑎 – 𝑎 , 𝑎 – 𝑎 ,
𝑎 – 𝑎 , . . ., give the same value, i.e., 𝑎 – 𝑎 is the same for different values of k. In an AP
with first term 𝑎 and common difference 𝑑, the nth term (or the general term) is given by
𝑎 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 – 1) 𝑑.
3) The sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by :s = [2a + (n − 1)d]
4) If l is the last term of the finite AP, say the nth term, then the sum of all terms of the AP is
given by : 𝑠 = (𝑎+𝑙)
5) If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are in AP, then 𝑏 = and 𝑏 is called the arithmetic mean of 𝑎 and 𝑐

Remember that common difference can be positive, negative or zero.

Example: Consider the following lists of numbers:

(i) 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . (ii) 100, 70, 40, 10, . . . (iii) 3, 3, 3, 3, . . .

We can clearly see that

Common difference in (i) is 1 which is positive.
Common difference in (ii) is -30 which is negative.
Common difference in (iii) is zero

Some daily life Examples of A.P:

(a) The heights (in cm ) of some students of a school standing in a queue in the morning assembly are
147 , 148, 149, . . ., 157.

(b) The minimum temperatures ( in degree Celsius ) recorded for a week in the month of January in a
city, arranged in ascending order are – 3.1, – 3.0, – 2.9, – 2.8, – 2.7, – 2.6, – 2.5

Note that in examples given above, there are only a finite number of terms. Such an AP is called a finite
AP. Also note that each of these Arithmetic Progressions (APs) has a last term.

WORKSHEET

1) Check whether −150 is a term of the AP: 11, 8, 5, 2…..?

Let -150 is nth term of AP
an =______________ d=______________
d = ______________
an = ______________ ______________
______________
______________
n = ______________
Hence, −150 is /is not a term of given AP because………………………..
2) For the given AP: −5, −1, 3, 7…….. Find 𝑎 and 𝑑
a = _________ d = ________
3) Find the 31st term of an AP whose 11th term is 38 and 16th term is 73. Find 31st term when
𝑎 =______________ 𝑎 =______________
𝑎 =______________ eq (1)
𝑎 =______________ eq (2)
by solving eq (1) and (2)
______________
______________
a =______________ d =______________
Hence 𝑎 =____________________________
4) Show that sequence defined by an = 4n + 5 is an AP. Also find its common difference.
𝑎 =______________
Put n=__________ 𝑎 = _________
n=____________ 𝑎 = ___________
n=___________ 𝑎 = ___________
Common diff
𝑎 – 𝑎 =___________
𝑎 – 𝑎 =__________
The required AP is _____________________
5) How many terms of the AP : -15 , -13 , - 11 , ____________ are needed to make the
sum −55?
Solution: Given AP = __________________
Sum Sn = ______________
a=__________ d= ____________
Sn = _____________
= ________________________________________________
n=________________________________________________
n=___________________ Because______________________
6) Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8.
Solution. Formation Of AP__________________________
a=__________ d= ____________
Sn = _____________
= _______________
7) Which term of the A.P.84, 80, 76 ………………. is zero?
Solution: - a=__________ d= ____________ 𝑎 =0
Find n=_____________

AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

Area of circle = πr2 Perimetre of Circle = Circumference = 2πr

Area of semi Circle = πr2 Perimetre of Semi Circle = πr + 2r

Area of Quadrant = πr2 Perimetre of Quadrant = πr + 2r

IMPORTANT QUESTONS

Question 1. Find the diameter of the circle whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of the two

circles of diameters 20 cm and 48 cm.

Solution: Here, radius 𝑟 of first circle = 20/2 cm = 10 cm

and radius 𝑟 of the second circle = 48/2 cm = 24 cm

Therefore, sum of their areas = π r + πr = π (10)2 + π (24)2 = π × 676

Let the radius of the new circle be R cm. Its area = πR2

Therefore, π R2 = π × 676

R2 = 676 then R = 26

Thus, radius of the new circle = 26 cm Hence, diameter of the new circle = 2×26 cm = 52 cm

Question 2. Find the circumference and area of circle of radius 4.2 cm

Sol: Radius(r) = 4.2 cm,

Circumference =2πr = 2x x4.2 = 26.4 cm

Area = πr2 = (4.2)2 = 55.44 cm2

WORKSHEET

Q.1. The radii of two circles are 19 cm and 9 cm respectively. Find the radius of the circle which

has circumference equal to the sum of the circumferences of the two circles.

area equal to the sum of the areas of the two circles.

AREAS OF SECTOR AND SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE


Area of the sector of angle  = πr2 , where r is the radius of the circle and θ

is the angle in degrees.

Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = 2πr , where r is the radius of circle

and θ the angle of the sector in degrees

Area of the segment APB = Area of the sector OAPB – Area of Δ OAB


= πr2 – r2sinϴ
 Area of the major sector OAQB = πr2 - Area of the minor sector OAPB
 Area of major segment AQB = πr2 – Area of the minor segment APB

Q1. Find the area of a sector of a circle of radius 28 cm and central angle 45°.

Q2. Find the area of the sector of a circle with radius 4 cm and of angle 30°. Also, find the area of the

corresponding major sector (Use π = 3.14).

Q3. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle at the

centre. Find the area of the corresponding: (i) minor segment (ii) major

sector. (Use π = 3.14)

QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

Q.1. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 60° at the centre. Find: (i) the length of

the arc (ii) area of the sector formed by the arc (iii) area of the segment formed by the

corresponding chord

Q.2. A chord of a circle of radius 10 cm subtends a right angle at the centre. Find the area of the

corresponding: (i) minor segment (ii) major sector. (Use π =3.14)

Q.3. To warn ships for underwater rocks, a lighthouse spreads a red coloured light over a sector of

angle 80° to a distance of 16.5 km. Find the area of the sea over which the ships are warned.(use π

=3.14)

Q.4. Find the area of a sector of a circle with radius 6 cm if angle of the sector is 60°.

Q.5. A car has two wipers which do not overlap. Each wiper has a blade of length 25 cm sweeping

through an angle of 115°. Find the total area cleaned at each sweep of the blades.

Q.6. A chord of a circle of radius 15 cm subtends an angle of 60° at the centre. Find the areas of the

corresponding minor and major segments of the circle.( Use π =3.14) and √3= 1.73)

Q.7. A horse is tied to a peg at one corner of a square shaped grass field of

side 15 m by means of a 5 m long rope . Find

(i) the area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze.

(ii) the increase in the grazing area if the rope were 10 m long instead of

5 m. (Use π =3.14)
DAY 09
SLIP TEST

1. The nth term of an AP is 7-4n. Find its common difference.

2. Which term of the AP 14, 11, 8, …….. is -1?
3. Find the 25th term of the A.P. -5, -5/2, 0, 5/2, _ _ _.
4. Which term of AP 3, 15, 27, 39 ………….. will be 120 more than its 21st term?
5. Find three terms in AP such that their sum is 3 and product is -8.
6. The fifth term of an A.P. is 20 and the sum of its seventh and eleventh terms is 64. Find the
common difference of the A.P.
7. The length of the minute hand of a clock is 14 cm. Find the area swept by the minute hand in 5
minutes.
8. Find the area of a quadrant of a circle whose circumference is 22 cm.
DAY 09
APPLICATION OF TRIGONOMETRY

IMPORTANT FORMULAS & KEY CONCEPTS

Horizontal Level and Line of Sight:-

Line of sight is the line drawn from the eye of the observer to the point on the object viewed by the
observer.
The horizontal level is the horizontal line through the eye of the observer.

Angle of Elevation:-
The angle of elevation is relevant for objects above the horizontal level. It is the angle formed by the
line of sight with the horizontal level.

Angle of Depression:-
The angle of depression is relevant for objects below the horizontal level. It is the angle formed by
the line of sight with the horizontal level.

PREPARATORY QUESTION:-

Q.1: The shadow of a tower standing on level ground is found to be 40 m longer when the Sun’s
altitude is 30° than when it is 60°. Find the height of the tower.

Question 2. Two points A and B are on the same side of a tower and in the same straight line with
its base. The angles of depression of these points from the top of the tower are 60° and 45°
respectively. If the height of the tower is 15 m, then find the distance between these points
Question 3. As observed from the top of a 75 m high lighthouse from the sea-level, the angles of
depression of two ships are 30° and 45°. If one ship is exactly behind the other on the same side of
the lighthouse, find the distance between the two ships.
WORKSHEET

Q1. Match the following

When an observer sees an object situated in upward direction , Line of Sight

the angle formed by line of sight with horizontal line
When an observer sees an object situated in downward Angle of elevation
direction the angle formed by line of sight
with horizontal line
Line segment joining the object to the eye of the observer Angle of Depression

Q2.The length of Shadow of a tower on the plane ground is √3 times the height of the tower. The
angle of the elevation of the sun is
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) 400

Question 3
From a window (9m above ground) of a house in a street, the angles of elevation and depression of
the top and foot of another house on the opposite side of the street are 300 and 600 respectively.
Find the height of the opposite house and width of the street.
(a) 12m,√3 m (b) 12m,3√ 3 m (c) 6m,√3 m (d) 12m,√3 m

Question 4
A pole 6 m high casts a shadow 2√3 m long on the ground, then the Sun's elevation is
(a) 30°
(b) 90°
(c) 45°
(d) 60°

Question 5
If the length of the shadow of a tower is increasing, then the angle of elevation of the sun is ?
(a) increasing
(b) decreasing
(c) Remains same
(d) Can't say

Question 6
An observer 1.2 m tall is 48.8 m away from a chimney. The angle of elevation of the top of the
chimney from her eyes is 45°. The height of the chimney is

(a) 50 m (b) 48.8 m (c) 51 m (d) 52 m

Question 7
A ladder 15 metres long just reaches the top of a vertical wall. If the ladder makes an angle of 60°
with the wall. The height of the wall is

(a) 7.5 √ 3 m (b) 7.5 m (c) 30 √ 3 m (d) None of these

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS:
Q.1: The shadow of a tower standing on level ground is found to be 40 m longer when the Sun’s
altitude is 30° than when it is 60°. Find the height of the tower.

Q. 2: A tree breaks due to a storm and the broken part bends so that the top of the tree touches the
ground making an angle of 30° with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point where
the top touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.

Q. 3: Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite each other on either side of the road, which
is 80 m wide. From a point between them on the road, the angles of elevation of the top of the poles
are 60° and 30°, respectively. Find the height of the poles and the distances of the point from the
poles.

Q. 4: An observer 1.5 metres tall is 20.5 metres away from a tower 22 metres high. Determine the
angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the eye of the observer.
DAY 10
CUMULATIVE TEST
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, GUWAHATI REGION
SAMPLE PAPER -I (2023-24)
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS TOTAL MARKS:
CLASS: X MAX. TIME: 3 HRS.
BASIC (CODE:241) 80
General Instructions:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with subparts of the values
of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks and 2
Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the 2marks
questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION A
1. The exponent of 5 in the prime factorisation of 3750 is 1
(a) 3 (b)4 (c) 5 (d) 6
2. What is the greatest possible speed at which a man can walk 52 km and 91 km in an exact 1
number of hours?
(a) 17 km/hours (b) 7 km/hours (c) 13 km/hours (d) 26 km/hours

3. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x 2 -5x + k is 3, then the value of k is 1

(a) 10 (b) -10 (c) 6 (d) –6
4. Graphically, the pair of equations given by 1
9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0 represents two lines which are
(a) intersecting at exactly one point. (b) parallel.
(c) coincident. (d) intersecting at exactly two points.
5. In the quadratic equation 2x2 -4x + 3 = 0, 1
(a)D ˂ 0 (b) D > 0 (c) D = 0 (d) D ≥ 0
6. If in triangles ABC and DEF, = , then they will be similar, when 1
(a) ∠B = ∠E (b) ∠A = ∠D (c) ∠B = ∠D (d) ∠A = ∠F
7. The distance between the points (m, – n) and (– m, n) is: 1
(a) √𝑚 + 𝑛 (b) m + n (c) 2√𝑚 + 𝑛 (d) √2𝑚 + 2𝑛
8. AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A(0, –3), O(0, 0) and B(4, 0). The length of 1
its diagonal is
(a)-5 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) -3
9. If cos A = , then the value of tanA is 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)

10. The value of is 1

(a) tan 90 (b)sin45 (c) 1 (d)0

11. What happens to value of cosɵ when ɵ increases from 0 to 90 ? 1
(a) cos 𝜃 decreases from 1 to 0. (b) cos 𝜃 increases from 0 to 1.
(c) cos 𝜃 increases from to 1 (d) cos 𝜃 decreases from 1 to
12. In the figure, if PA and PB are tangents to the circle with centre O such 1
that ∠APB = 50°, then ∠OAB is equal to
(a) 25° (b) 30°
(c) 40° (d) 50°
13. In the adjoining figure, OABC is a square of side 7 cm. OAC is a quadrant of 1
a circle with O as centre. The area of the shaded region is
(a) 10.5 𝑐𝑚 (b) 38. 5 𝑐𝑚
(c) 49 𝑐𝑚 (d)11. 5𝑐𝑚

14. The total surface area of a hemisphere of radius 10 cm is (use 𝜋 = 3.14) 1

(a)942 𝑐𝑚 (b)940𝑐𝑚 (c)842𝑐𝑚 (d)840𝑐𝑚
15. The curved surface area of a cylinder of height h and base radius r is 1
(a) 𝜋 rh (b)2 𝜋 rh (c) 𝜋 rh (d)none of these.
16. For a frequency distribution,mean,mode and median are connected by the relation 1
(a) Mode = 3 mean – 2 median (b)Mode = 2 median – 3 mean
(c) Mode = 3 median – 2 mean (d) Mode = 2 median + 3 mean
17. For the following distribution, modal class is 1
(a)10 – 20 (b) 20 - 30
(c) 30 – 40 (d) 40 - 50

18. Cards marked with numbers from 1 to 25 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly. One 1
card is drawn at random from the box. What is the probability of getting a number divisible
by 5 ?
(a)1 (b) 0 (c) (d)
19. Assertion: The HCF of two numbers is 5 and their product is 150, then their LCM is 30. 1
Reason: For any two positive integers a and b, HCF(a,b) + LCM(a,b) = a x b
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation
of assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
20. Assertion: The value of y is 6, for which the distance between the points P(2 ,-3 ) and(10,y) 1
is 10.
Reason: Distance between two given points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y 2) is given
AB = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 )
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation
of assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true
SECTION B
21. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method. 2
x + y = 14
x–y=4

22. If sin A = , calculate cos A and tan A 2

23. XY and MN are the tangents drawn at the end points of the diameter 2
DE of the circle with centre O. Prove that XY  MN.

24. In the given figure 1, if LM || CB and LN || CD, prove that 2

𝑨𝑴 𝑨𝑵
= fig.1
𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑫

OR
𝑩𝑭 𝑩𝑬
In the figure 2, DE || AC and DF || AE. Prove that =
𝑭𝑬 𝑬𝑪
fig.2
25. The area of a circle is 49π 𝑐𝑚 . Find the circumference of the circle. 2
OR
Find the area of a quadrant of a circle whose circumference is 22 cm.
SECTION C
26. Prove that √3 is an irrational number. 3
27. If m and n are the zeroes of the polynomial 3𝑥 +11x- 4, find the value of + 3

28. The sum of two numbers is 50 and their difference is 10. Find the numbers. 3
OR
The difference between two numbers is 14 and difference between their squares is 448.
Find the numbers.
29. Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is 3
supplementary to the angle subtended by the line-segment joining the points of contact at
the centre.
30. Prove that (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 – 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃) =
ɵ 3
ɵ
OR
Prove that √𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
31. Two dice are thrown at the same time. What is the probability that 3
(i)the sum of the numbers appearing at the top is equal to 7.
(ii) the sum of the numbers appearing at the top is less than 7.
(iii) the sum of the numbers appearing at the top is more than 7.
SECTION D
32. An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger train to travel 132 km between Mysore 5
and Bangalore (without taking into consideration the time they stop at intermediate
stations). If the average speed of the express train is 11km/h more than that of the
passenger train, find the average speed of the two trains.
OR
A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water takes 1 hour more to go 24 km
upstream than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
33. ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC. E and F are points on non-parallel sides AD and BC 5
respectively such that EF is parallel to AB. Show that = .

34. A vessel is in the form of a hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow cylinder. The 5
diameter of the hemisphere is 14 cm and the total height of the vessel is 13 cm. Find the
inner surface area of the vessel.
OR
A gulab jamun, contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume. Find approximately
how much syrup would be found in 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped like a cylinder with two
hemispherical ends with length 5 cm and diameter 2.8 cm
35. 5

Determine the median number of letters in the surnames

SECTION E
Case Study Based Questions are Compulsory
36. CASE STUDY 1
India is a competitive manufacturing location due to low cost of man power and strong
technical and engineering capabilities contributing to higher quality production runs. The
production of TV sets in a factory increases uniformly by a fixed number every year. It
produced 16000 sets in 6th year and 22600 in 9th year.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(a) Find the production during the first year. 1
(b) Find the production during the 8th year. 1
(c)In which year the production was 29200? 2
OR
Find the difference in production during 7th and 4th year.
37. CASE STUDY 2
The class X students of a school in Krishnanagar have been allotted a rectangular plot of
land for their gardening activity. Saplings of Gulmohar are planted on the boundary at a
distance of 1m from each other. There is a triangular grassy lawn in the plot as shown in
the figure. The students are to saw seeds of flowering plants on the remaining area of the
plot

1
1
2

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(a) Taking A as origin, find the coordinate of P.
(b) What will be the coordinate of R if C is the origin?
(c) Find the distance between P and R with respect to A as origin.
OR
Compare the distance between PQ and RQ with respect to A as origin.
38. CASE STUDY 3
A group of students of class X visited
India Gate on an education trip. The
teacher and students had interest in history
as well. The teacher narrated that India
Gate, official name Delhi Memorial,
originally called All-India War Memorial,
monumental sandstone arch in New Delhi,
dedicated to the troops of British India
who died in wars fought between 1914 and
1919.The teacher also said that India Gate, which is located at the eastern end of the
Rajpath (formerly called the Kingsway), is about 138 feet (42 metres) in height.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions
(a) The angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when the point viewed is 1
below the horizontal level, i.e., the case when we lower our head to look at the point being
viewed is known as?
(b) They want to see the tower at an angle of 60. So, they want to know the distance 1
where they should stand and hence find the distance. (use √3 = 1.7)
(c) If the altitude of the Sun is at 60, then calculate the height of the vertical tower that 2
will cast a shadow of length 20 m.
OR

What is the angle of elevation if they are standing at a distance of 42m away from the
monument?

ERROR ANALYSIS

Based on slip tests, 10 days worksheets and two cumulative tests teacher can do error analysis of

student’s short comings and suggest each individual student a plan of practice.
FOR FURTHER PRACTICE AND CASE BASED

QUESTIONS

SCAN THIS OR CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW

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