METTLER TOLEDO M334

Acid Number in Milk

Acid number is determined in milk by an endpoint titration to pH 8.3

Sample 50 mL Whole milk Preparation and Procedures

Do not dilute the sample, otherwise less tri-calcium phosphate
will precipitate and the resulting acid number will be too low.

Before the analysis a three point calibration of the electrode was

Substance Lactic acid, CH3-CHOH-COOH;
performed using METTLER TOLEDO buffers of pH 4.01, 7.00
M(C3H6O3)=90.0 g/mol; z=1 and 9.21.

Chemicals

Titrant Sodium hydroxide, NaOH

c(NaOH) = 0.1 mol/L;

Standard Potassium hydrogen phthalate

Instruments DL22 F&B, DL28

OKI B4250 Printer
(parallel cable ME-51 108 780)

Accessories Titration beakers ME-101974

Remarks
Indication DG115-SC The titratable acidity in milk is expressed as percent lactic acid.
Bacteria growing in milk produce mainly lactic and acetic acids,
however, bacterial count must increase millionfold before it is
Chemistry HC3H5O3 + NaOH <=> NaC3H5O3 + H2O reflected in the acidity.

The acidity of fresh milk results from OH - uptake of phosphates,

citrates, casein, whey proteins, and carbon dioxide, as well as
from the fermentation by-products of lactic acid bacteria.

Titratable acidity is determined by titrating pH 8.30. This

Calculation The Swiss Food Handbook defines the acid endpoint was chosen because it corresponds to the color
number of milk as 20*a, where a = titrant change of the phenolphthalein indicator historically used. The
consumption (mL). titrant consumption in this determination, multiplied by 20,
yields the acid number.

Rancid or sour milk will have an acid number which is too high.
Udder health also influences acidity, with mastitis yielding low
Results acid numbers.

Waste References:
Neutralize the slightly alkaline waste 1) Schweizerisches Lebensmittelbuch, Band I, Chap. 1, Sect.2.3
disposal before disposal. 2) Dairy Connection, Inc.: dairyconnection.com
3) Dairy Research and Information Center, Department of Food
Science & Technology, University of California, Davis:
drinc.ucdavis.edu
Author M. Biber

1
Results
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Method ID 947 Title Acid number in milk
09-03-2005 09:09 Author M. Biber
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All results
Sample Sample ID Result Calculat. Value Unit
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1 whole milk 1 Cont. 151.859

2 whole milk 1 Cont. 150.093

3 whole milk 1 Cont. 150.402

4 whole milk 1 Cont. 150.281

5 whole milk 1 Cont. 150.344

Statistics report
Result n x s Unit srel [%]
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1 5 150.596 0.714 0.474

Results
Active sample Deleted samples
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
3
4
5

Table of measured values Titration curve

2
Method
Method ID 934 Title Acid number milk Other Control parameters
09-03-2005 08:39 Author M. Biber
Set of parameters . . . . . . . Fast
Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamic
Sample para. dE(set) [mV] . . . . . . . . . . 16
Sample ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . milk dVmin [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05
Entry type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Volume dVmax [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4
Volume [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 Measure mode . . . . . . . . . . EQU controlled
Density [g/mL] . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 dE[mV] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
Mol.m. [g/mol] . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.0 dt[s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Equival. number z . . . . . . . . . . . 1 t(min) [s] . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Temp.sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manual t(max) [s] . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Temp. [°C] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0
Stir Set of parameters . . . . . . . Cautious
Speed [%] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamic
Mixing time [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 dE(set) [mV] . . . . . . . . . . 8
EP titration dVmin [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02
Titrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NaOH 0.1 dVmax [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2
Conc.[mol/L] . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 Measure mode . . . . . . . . . . EQU controlled
Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DG115 dE[mV] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pH dt[s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Entry t(min) [s] . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Value [mmol] . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 t(max) [s] . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Predis.[mL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00
Back value [mmol] . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00
Control parameters
Set of parameters . . . . . . . . . User
Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamic
dE(set) [mV] . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
dVmin [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.020
dVmax [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2
Measure mode . . . . . . . . . . . . EQU ontrolled
dE[mV] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
dt[s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
t(min) [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
t(max) [s] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Recognition
Tendency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Positive
Termination param.
Vmax [mL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0
Evaluation
Numb. EPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
End point 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . Absolute
Potential 1 [pH] . . . . . . . . . . 8.30
Calculation 1
Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acid number
Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R=VEQ
C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0
Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acid number
Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . none
Which EQP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Decimal places . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Result limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . No
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
Calculation 2
Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Calculation 3
Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None
Report
Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GLP
Meas. val. table . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
E - V curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes
dE/dV curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yes