(eBook PDF) Human Intimacy:

Marriage, the Family, and Its Meaning

11th Edition
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 CONTENTS
Change within Continuity and Uniqueness within
Human Intimacy in the
1
Commonality 38
Brave New World of HIGHLIGHT: The Family Riddle 39
HIGHLIGHT: Tricky Statistics: Cohabitation and
Family Diversity 1 Rejection of Marriage 40
Building Successful Relationships 2 Family: A Buffer against Mental
Qualities of Strong and Resilient Families: and Physical Illnesses 41
An Overview 5 The Need for Intimacy 42
Can We Study Intimacy? 9 HIGHLIGHT: Why Do We Avoid Intimacy? 43
Optimism versus Pessimism 10 The Family as Interpreter of Society 45
Making Decisions That Lead Unique Characteristics
to a Fulfilling Life 11 of the American Family 46
Logic and Emotion in Decision Making 12 HIGHLIGHT: What the Research Says 47
Decision-Making Steps 13 Family: The Consuming Unit of the American
The Gift of Choosing 16 Economy 47
Theoretical Approaches to Family Study 16 American Families: A Great Diversity
of Types 48
Methods of Study 19
African American Families 51
The Experiment 19
Hispanic Families 51
The Survey 20
Asian American Families 52
The Clinical Method 21
The American Indian and Alaska
HIGHLIGHT: Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson, and
Native Population 53
Delinquency Data 22
DEBATE THE ISSUES: Should Our Society Recognize
Natural or Field Observation 22
Gay Marriages? 56
Group versus Individual Data 23
Strengthening the Family 23

2
Human Intimacy,
Relationships, Marriage, 3 American Ways
of Love 57
and the Family 27 The American Myth: Romantic Love Should
Always Lead to Marriage 59
Family: The Basic Unit of Human
Organization 28 Defining Love 60
Family Functions 30 HIGHLIGHT: Love Is … 61
The American Family: Many Structures and Much Theories of Love 62
Change 32 Romantic Love 65
FAMILIES AROUND THE WORLD: China: Families Infatuation 67
and Government Policy 36 Loving and Liking 67

vii
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 The Double Cross 68 HIGHLIGHT: Men as the Oppressed Sex 103
Love Is What You Make It 69 DEBATE THE ISSUES: Can We Create Gender-Neutral
WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Love and Children? 107
Friendship 70
Love in Strong Families: Appreciation and Communications
Respect 72
HIGHLIGHT: Gender Differences in Love
Learning to Love 74
Actions and Attitudes 74
73
5 in Intimate
Relationships 109
Developmental Stages in Learning to Love 75 Good Communication: A Basic Strength of
Successful Families 111
Love over Time: From Passionate to
Companionate Love 77 Communication Failure: An Indicator of
Relationship Problems 114
HIGHLIGHT: Love and the Loss of One’s Self-
Identity 79 Aversive Communication 114
Love’s Oft-Found Companion: Jealousy 79 Communication Can Be Used for Good
and Bad Purposes 115
DEBATE THE ISSUES: Are Love and Marriage Good
for You? 83 The Foundation Blocks
of Successful Communication 116
Commitment 116

4
Growth Orientation 116
Gender Convergence Noncoercive Atmosphere 117
Developing a Smooth Flow
and Role Equity 85 of Communication 118
Male = Masculine and Female = Feminine: Communication Skills 119
Not Necessarily So 86 Identifying Problem Ownership 119
Norms and Roles 87 Self-Assertion 120
How Sex and Gender Identity Develop 88 MAKING DECISIONS: You-, I-, and We-
Biological Contributions 88 Statements 122
Environmental Contributions 89 Empathic Listening 123
HIGHLIGHT: The Xanith of Oman 90 Negotiating 126
Gender Differences 90 Problem Solving 127
Role Equity 91 Men and Women: Do They Speak the Same
WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Stereotypical Sex- Language? 128
Role Differences Compared with Research HIGHLIGHT: How Men and Women Can
Findings 92 Communicate Better in Intimate
Traditional Gender Roles 94 Relationships 130
Changing Male and Female Roles 95 Communication and Family Conflict 130
Women and the Law 96 Anger 133
HIGHLIGHT: “Firsts” for Women in the Past Three Over What Topics Do Couples Conflict? 133
Decades 97 Personal Relationships in the
FAMILIES AROUND THE WORLD: The Dani of Irian Jaya Information Age 134
(Indonesian New Guinea) 98 Social Networking Sites 135
Gender-Role Stereotypes 100 DEBATE THE ISSUES: Is Honesty Always the Best
The Movement toward Gender Equality 102 Policy? 138

viii | Contents

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 DEBATE THE ISSUES: Does Sex Education Prevent

6
Pregnancy or Encourage Promiscuity? 173
Dating, Single Life, and
Mate Selection 141 Marriage, Intimacy,
Premarital American Dating 142
Expectations, and
Why Do We Date? 143
Premarital Dating Patterns 144
College Dating: Hanging Out, Hooking Up,
Joined at the Hip 145
7 the Fully Functioning
Person 175
Dating and Extended Singleness 147 Marriage Matters 176
WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Women The Transition from Single
and Singleness 148 to Married Life 177
WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Singles Marriage: A Myriad of Interactions 179
in America 149 Fulfilling Needs in Marriage 181
Changing Sexual Mores 149 FAMILIES AROUND THE WORLD: Marriage
Deciding for Yourself 152 in Japan 182
Freedom of Choice and Sexual Health 153 HIGHLIGHT: Religion and Marriage 184
Possible Problems Associated with Premarital Defining Marital Success 184
Sexual Relations 153 Strong Relationships and Families 185
HIGHLIGHT: Dawn and Nonmarital HIGHLIGHT: A Hectic Schedule 186
Pregnancy 154 Marital Expectations 188
MAKING DECISIONS: Is My Sexual Behavior HIGHLIGHT: Carol: The Perpetual Seeker 189
Healthy? 155 The Honeymoon Is Over: Too High
Date Rape and Courtship Violence 156 Expectations 189
Cohabitation: Unmarried-Couple Romantic Love or Marriage? 190
Households 158 Differing Expectations 191
The Nature of Cohabiting Relationships 159 Eighty Percent I Love You; Twenty Percent
Is the Woman Exploited in I Dislike You 192
Cohabitation? 159 The Expectation of Commitment: A Characteristic
The Relationship between Cohabitation of Strong and Successful Families 192
and Marriage 160 HIGHLIGHT: Carl and Allison: The Perfect
WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Children Couple 193
and Cohabitation 163 The Expectation of Primariness: Extramarital
Breaking Up 163 Relations 195
Living Together and the Law 164 The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy 197
Finding the One and Only: MAKING DECISIONS: Online Infidelity—Is it Really
Mate Selection 164 Cheating? 198
Background Factors 166 The Self-Actualized Person in the Fully
Interactional Processes 166 Functioning Family 199
From First Impressions to Engagement 168 Characteristics of Mental Health 199
Engagement 170 Self-Actualization 200
Types of Engagements 170 Living in the Now 201
Functions of Engagement 171 The Goals of Intimacy 201

Contents | ix
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You and the State: Legal Aspects Sexually Transmitted Diseases 233
of Marriage 203 DEBATE THE ISSUES: Pornography 237
HIGHLIGHT: Navajo Marital Expectations 205
Writing Your Own Marriage Contract and
Prenuptial Agreement 205
Family Planning,
9
MAKING DECISIONS: The Couple’s Inventory 206
DEBATE THE ISSUES: Is Marriage a Dying Pregnancy, and
Institution? 208
Birth 239
Children by Choice 240
Are We Ready for Children? 241

8 Human
Sexuality 209
Children Having Children
Family Planning Decisions
Deciding on a Contraceptive
242
245
246
MAKING DECISIONS: Sex Knowledge Abortion 247
Inventory 211 WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Who Has
The Uniqueness of Human Sexuality 212 Abortions? 248
HIGHLIGHT: The Sambians of Papua 213 Infertility 251
Changing Sexual Mores 214 Prerequisites of Fertility 251
Modifying Sexual Behavior 215 Causes of Infertility 252
HIGHLIGHT: “What Role Should Sex Play in My MAKING DECISIONS: How Old Is Too Old? 253
Life?” Beth-Ann Asks 216 Methods of Treatment: Designing Babies 253
Differences between Male HIGHLIGHT: The Ultimate Breakthrough 259
and Female Sexuality 217 HIGHLIGHT: Who, in Fact, Are the Parents
HIGHLIGHT: A Precoital Contract 218 of Jaycee? 260
Physiology of the Sexual Response 220 Pregnancy 261
Female Sexual Response 220 Pregnancy Tests 261
HIGHLIGHT: Female Genital Mutilation 221 HIGHLIGHT: Am I Really Pregnant? 262
MAKING DECISIONS: What Are Your Biggest Environmental Causes of Congenital
Problems and Complaints about Sex? 222 Problems 265
HIGHLIGHT: Describing Orgasm 223 Controlling Birth Defects 267
Male Sexual Response 223 Birth 268
Variations in Sexual Response 224 HIGHLIGHT: Infant Mortality Rates 269
Some Myths Unmasked 224 Cesarean Birth 269
Does Sexual Addiction Exist? 225 Birth Pain 270
Marital Sex: Can I Keep the Excitement Natural Childbirth 270
Alive? 226 Rooming-In 271
HIGHLIGHT: One Husband’s Sexual Life 227 Alternative Birth Centers 272
HIGHLIGHT: Sex and Physical Disability 228 Home Births 272
Sex and the Aging Process 229 Postpartum Emotional Changes 273
Menopause 230 DEBATE THE ISSUES: To Clone or Not to
Sex and Drugs 232 Clone 275

x | Contents

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 Family Life Stages:
10 The Challenge of
Parenthood 277
11 Middle Age to Surviving
Spouse 319
What Effects Do Children WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Increasing Life
Have on a Marriage? 279 Expectancy 321
HIGHLIGHT: The Highs and Lows of Dealing with Change: Another Characteristic of
Parenthood 283 the Strong, Healthy Family 321
Traditionalization of the Marital The Graying of America 322
Relationship 284 Middle Age: The Empty Nest 323
Parental Effectiveness 284 HIGHLIGHT: How a Highly Trained Engineer Became
HIGHLIGHT: Diversity in Child-Rearing Values and a Bicycle-Repair Man 324
Practices 287 The Sandwich Generation: Caught in the
The Father’s Role in Parenting 289 Middle 325
Television, Video Games, and the Internet as Retirement 329
Surrogate Parents 292 Widowhood as the Last Stage
Child Rearing, Discipline, and Control 296 of Marriage 333
Spanking 297 HIGHLIGHT: Doctor’s Wife 335
MAKING DECISIONS: Using Discipline and The Adjustment Process and Remarriage 335
Punishment Effectively 298 HIGHLIGHT: Remarriage after the Loss of a
The Growing Child in the Family 299 Spouse 337
Infancy: The First Year 300 The Grandparenting Role 337
The Toddler: 2 to 3 Years of Age 302 HIGHLIGHT: Death of a Young Wife: A Young Father
Early Childhood: 4 to 5 Years of Age 302 Alone 338
School Age: 6 to 11 Years of Age 303 HIGHLIGHT: Becoming Parents Again after Your
Puberty-Adolescence: 12 to 18 Years of Children Are Raised 341
Age 303 Older but Coming on Strong 342
HIGHLIGHT: Cell Phones—Don’t Call Me, DEBATE THE ISSUES: Should Physicians Help
I’ll Call You 304 Terminally Ill Patients Commit Suicide? 344
HIGHLIGHT: Adolescent Hormones and Brain
Functioning 304
The Importance of
HIGHLIGHT: Oh No, John Is Back Home
Again 306
The Young Adult: 19 to 30 Years of Age
WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Young Adults Living with
306
12 Making Sound Economic
Decisions 347
Parents 307 WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: GNI per Capita in Various
Broader Parenting 307 Countries 350
Parents without Pregnancy: Adoption 308 WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Median Income of
Households and Families 350
The Single-Parent Family 311
Slowly Drowning in a Sea of Debt 352
HIGHLIGHT: Father Absence in African American
Homes 312 WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Is College Worth It? 353
DEBATE THE ISSUES: Should Parents Stay Home to WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: How Much Do Americans
Rear Their Children? 316 Owe? 354

Contents | xi
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MAKING DECISIONS: Compare Your Attitudes about Job Opportunities for Women 386
Money 355 Pay Differentials between Men
Making Good Credit, Borrowing, and Installment- and Women 388
Buying Decisions 355 Making the Decision to Become
Discount Interest: Consumer Purchases 356 a Two-Earner Family 391
Simple Interest: Home Loans 357 The Employed Wife’s Economic Contribution
Financial Problems and Marital Strain 358 to the Family 392
The Seductive Society: Credit and Community Service and the Employed Wife 394
Advertising 359 Household Activities and Supermothers 394
Effective Money Management 360
Deciding in Favor of Part-Time Work 397
To Pool or Not to Pool Family Money? 361
Child Care and Parental Leave 398
Allocation of Funds: Who Makes the Spending
Stay-at-Home Moms 400
Decisions? 362
Budgeting: Enlightened Control of Spending 362 Employers, Pregnant Employees,
and Employed Mothers 401
MAKING DECISIONS: How to Budget Your
Income 363 Home-Based Work 403
Saving through Wise Spending 364 Marital Satisfaction
MAKING DECISIONS: Budget Worksheet 365 in the Two-Earner Family 404
The Economy and Black, Hispanic, Asian Work and Family: Sources of Conflict 405
American, and Single-Parent Families 367 Jobs, Occupations, and Careers 408
Inflation and Recession 368 Dual-Career Families 408
Inflation 368 Commuter Marriage and/or the Weekend
FAMILIES AROUND THE WORLD: Mexico: The Middle- Family 408
Class Family 370 DEBATE THE ISSUES: Is Sexual Harassment in the
Periods of Reduced Inflation and Mild Workplace Pervasive? 411
Recession 372
Deciding What Insurance Is Needed 373
Medical Insurance 373

14
Automobile Insurance 373
Home Owner’s Insurance 373
Life Insurance 374
Deciding to Buy a Home 374 Family Crises 413
The Decision to Invest 376 Coping with Crises 414
HIGHLIGHT: You Can Still Make a Million HIGHLIGHT: Types of Stressor Events 415
Dollars 378
Stress: Healthy and Unhealthy 415
DEBATE THE ISSUES: Credit: Is Credit The Way to
Crisis Management 419
Economic Freedom? 381
HIGHLIGHT: Agencies That Can Help with Various
Crises 420
The Dual-Earner Family: Defense Mechanisms 420

13 The Real American

Revolution 383
Death in the Family
Natural Causes
Ambiguous Loss
422
422

422
Women and the Economy 384 Suicide and Homicide 423
WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Women in the Firearm Mortality 426
Workforce 385 Grief and Bereavement 426

xii | Contents

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 Accidents, Injuries, and Children and Divorce 463
Catastrophic Illness 428 Types of Child Custody 465
MAKING DECISIONS: The Case of the Weinstein WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: The Children of
Family 429 Divorce 466
Family Violence 430 Learning to Coparent 468
Violence between Partners 430 HIGHLIGHT: Divorce and Dad 469
Child Abuse 431 Divorce: The Legalities 469
Sibling Abuse 433 Some Cautions about No-Fault Divorce 472
Peer Abuse 433 Divorce Counseling and Mediation 473
HIGHLIGHT: Repressed Memories of Reducing Divorce Rates 474
Incest 434 Divorce May Not Be the Answer 475
Parental Abuse by Children 435 DEBATE THE ISSUES: Should Couples Stay Together
Factors Associated with Family for the Sake of the Children? 480
Violence 435
Poverty and Unemployment 436
Children and Poverty 438
Remarriage: A
The Military Family in the Time of War
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Drugs and Drug Abuse
Alcohol 442
441
441
439

16 Growing Way of
American Life 481

DEBATE THE ISSUES: Should Drugs Be Returning to Single Life 484

Legalized? 447 Cohabitation as a Courtship Step to
Remarriage 486
Remarriage: Will I Make
the Same Mistakes Again? 486
HIGHLIGHT: Bob, Carol, Ted, and Alice 488

15 The Dissolution of
Marriage 449
Family Law and Stepfamilies
Child-Support Obligations
490
491
Custody and Visitation of Stepchildren 491
Let No One Put Asunder 450 His, Hers, and Ours: The Stepfamily 492
WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US: Divorce Facts 451 HIGHLIGHT: How to Ruin a Remarriage 495
Reasons for America’s HIGHLIGHT: The Ten Commandments of
High Divorce Rate 452 Stepparenting 496
Emotional Divorce and the Emotions of Weekend Visits of the Noncustodial Child 496
Divorce 454 Dealing with Sexuality in the Stepfamily 498
HIGHLIGHT: Not One Divorce but Six 456 HIGHLIGHT: How Much Closer Can We Get? 499
HIGHLIGHT: Divorce: Constant Self- The New Extended Family 499
Questioning 457 Building Stepfamily Strengths 500
Divorce but Not the End The Prenuptial Agreement 501
of the Relationship 458 Mediation to Settle Conflicts
MAKING DECISIONS: What Changes Must Be Made and Other Prevention Programs 501
with Divorce? 459 DEBATE THE ISSUES: Fatherless America: Can
Problems of the Newly Divorced 459 a Stepfather Take the Place of a Biological
Economic Consequences 460 Father? 504

Contents | xiii
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 HIGHLIGHT: Marriage Encounter 520
Actively Seeking
17
Marriage with Purpose:
Marital Growth and Effective Management 521
In the Future, the Family
Fulfillment 507 Will Remain and Diversify 523
“And They Lived Happily Ever After” 509
HIGHLIGHT: Economic Success, Marital APPENDIX A Sexually Transmitted
Failure 511
HIGHLIGHT: Self-Improvement, Marital
Diseases 527
Failure 512 APPENDIX B Contraceptive
Marriage Improvement Programs 513 Methods 537
Guidelines for Choosing Marriage
Improvement Programs 515 Glossary 545
HIGHLIGHT: A Family Life Enrichment
References 549
Weekend 517
Author Index 583
An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound
of Cure: Marriage Enrichment 518 Subject Index 595

xiv | Contents

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 PREFACE

Marriage and family seem, on the surface, to be simple age-old concepts. Yet, argu-
ments rage over how to define family:
● Are an unmarried single mother and her child a family?
● Should two men or two women be able to marry and create a family?
● Can a number of people in an intimate commune setting be defined as a family?
● Using an anonymous sperm donor, an egg donor, and a surrogate mother to
carry the fertilized egg to birth creates a family, but to whom does the child
really belong?
Everyone seems to support “family values,” but there is little agreement on what,
when, how, and to whom such support should be given. Most Americans believe in
family values but are quick to criticize others whom they feel do not share their own
particular definition of family.
As readers of past editions of Human Intimacy know, your authors focus on prin-
ciples that lead to successful intimate relationships, regardless of what your definition
of a family may be. Human Intimacy presents an optimistic view of the American
family, concentrating on those strengths that research has found in all successful inti-
mate relationships.
Even when the family is afloat in stormy seas and seems to be foundering, mar-
riage and family remain the basic building blocks of a strong society. Almost all of
us grow up in families, and 90 percent of us will be a marriage partner at some time
in our lives. Although some people worry that the percentage of Americans marry-
ing is dropping (and it is), if we add cohabitation figures to marriage figures we find
that intimate relationships are still sought by the vast majority of Americans. Why?
Because it is within the intimate love relationship we call family that individuals most
often find a sense of sharing, a sense of well-being, a sense of security, a sense of ful-
fillment, and, perhaps above all, a meaning to one’s life.
It is important to stress those characteristics of intimate relationships that help
reinforce the strength and resiliency of the marital relationship and the family. Fami-
lies tend to get into trouble because members are unwilling to make the effort to
nourish and enrich their family relationships. By emphasizing ways by which rela-
tionships can be improved, Human Intimacy encourages readers to make the effort to
build strong, satisfying intimate relationships.
It is the author’s hope that Human Intimacy will contribute to the reader’s ability to
make intelligent, satisfying choices about intimate relationships. Individuals who can
make such choices in their lives are most apt to feel fulfilled. And fulfilled people have the
best chance of making their intimate relationships, their family relationships, exciting and
growth producing. Fulfilled people are also more likely to contribute to society at large,
thus making the general community a better place in which to live.

xv
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 New to This Edition
The marriage and family field is complex and ever changing. Relationships do not
occur in a vacuum; they are embedded in a context of laws, economics, values,
norms, race, and myriad other cultural and social factors. Thus, it is important to
keep up with changes in all these areas and their connections to marriage and family
relationships. This Eleventh Edition includes new, updated material on some of the
most relevant marriage and family related issues and events.
● Chapter 1 (Human Intimacy in the Brave New World of Family Diversity)
includes new data for marriage rates and birth rates by race. Feminism is added
as a perspective in the section on conflict theory.
● Chapter 2 (Human Intimacy, Relationships, Marriage, and the Family) adds
recent data on the characteristics of single families, cohabitation rates, social and
demographic characteristics of families by race, and same-sex marriage laws.
● Chapter 3 (American Ways of Love) includes new references on the benefits of
marriage, as well as new research on arranged marriages.
● Chapter 4 (Gender Convergence and Role Equity) includes new research on
the pressure men feel as they balance economic expectations with parenting
responsibilities and how parents influence gender role expectations for their
children.
● Chapter 5 (Communications in Intimate Relationships) adds research on
how people can learn new communication skills and how people expect
a conversation to end influences communication patterns. The demand–
withdraw pattern is added as a common communication problem. Also, a new
section on how social media influence communication is included in this chapter.
● Chapter 6 (Dating, Single Life, and Mate Selection) includes new research on
adolescent romance, hanging out, and hooking up. New research on the chang-
ing relationship between education and age at marriage is presented. Also,
recent declines in adolescent sexual activity are discussed. New data is included
on cohabitation rates, interracial marriages, and teenage pregnancy.
● Chapter 7 (Marriage, Intimacy, Expectations, and the Fully Functioning Person)
includes a new Highlight on religion and marriage, updated research on extra-
marital affairs, the benefits of family meal time, and a new Making Decisions
discussion of online infidelity.
● Chapter 8 (Human Sexuality) updates research on teen sexuality, teen birth
rates, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases, and pornography.
● Chapter 9 (Family Planning, Pregnancy, and Birth) includes an expanded discus-
sion of voluntary childlessness. New information on trends related to artificial
insemination and sperm donors has been added. And the data on global fertility
rates, teen fertility rates, multiple births, and abortion rates is updated.
● Chapter 10 (The Challenge of Parenthood) includes new discussions on rais-
ing children with special needs, the cumulative effects of family instability on
children, patterns of involvement for nonresident fathers, and sex in the media.
New and updated Highlights are included for the topics of children with cell
phones and African American fathers. Also, there is new data on children living
in single-parent households, fathers’ involvement in child care, adult children
living at home, spanking, the time children spend with media, and international
adoptions.
● Chapter 11 (Family Life Stages: Middle Age to Surviving Spouse) expands the
discussion of caring for aging parents to include the effect of women’s employ-
ment on caregiving, and reasons why people feel inclined to assist their parents.
Research on the discrepancy between daily life expectations and reality for older

xvi | Preface

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Americans has been added. More recent data on life expectancy rates, house-
hold characteristics, living arrangements, and economic conditions for seniors
is included. And the section on the multifaceted role of grandparenting is
expanded.
● Chapter 12 (The Importance of Making Sound Economic Decisions) includes
new information on the Great Recession, financial struggles, and marital
conflict, and updated data on the global economy, median income and poverty
rates, labor market trends, consumer buying patterns, inflation statistics, and the
decline of home values. There is also a new discussion of student loan debt and
the economic value of a college degree.
● Chapter 13 (The Dual-Earner Family: The Real American Revolution) has
updates on economic and education trends for women, the gender income gap,
family-friendly employers, employment patterns for men and women, stay-at-
home moms and stay-at-home dads, child-care arrangements, flexible work
schedules, and trends in sexual harassment cases.
● Chapter 14 (Family Crises) includes the most recent data available on the cost
of health care and the Affordable Care Act. There are expanded discussions of
intimate partner violence and child abuse, and new sections on cyberbullying
and the effect of poverty on children’s behavior. Data on suicide rates, firearm
deaths, demographic characteristics of those without health insurance, child
abuse rates, drug and alcohol use by age, and poverty rates by race, sex, and
education have all been updated.
● Chapter 15 (The Dissolution of Marriage) has the latest divorce statistics and
research on the causes and consequences of divorce. New information on how
child custody arrangements are determined has been added. There also is a dis-
cussion of new initiatives to strengthen marriages and reduce the divorce rate.
● Chapter 16 (Remarriage: A Growing Way of American Life) includes new
research on the relationship patterns with stepparents and stepchildren and an
expanded discussion of how children affect remarriages.
● Chapter 17 (Actively Seeking Marital Growth and Fulfillment) includes an update
on the implementation and effectiveness of marriage initiatives across the country.

Distinctive Features
of Human Intimacy
Human Intimacy has several features designed to aid your reading and challenge you.
● Each chapter starts with an outline that gives you an overview of the material
to follow. This is followed by a series of thought-provoking questions for you to
ponder as you read the chapter.
● Highlight boxes supply interesting detail and add variety to the reading, much as
an aside adds variety to a lecture. What Research Tells Us is one type of highlight
that serves as a reminder of the quantity of scientific research underpinning our
knowledge about intimate relationships, marriage, and the family.
● Debate the Issues, featured at the end of each chapter, present both sides of con-
troversial topics. Taking a definitive stand on both sides of an issue helps make
discussions both lively and thought provoking.
● Families around the World help readers better understand the diversity of family life.
● What Do You Think? are critical thinking questions that appear throughout the
text to precipitate thought and discussion.

Preface | xvii
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 ● Making Decisions boxes are short exercises designed to help you gain in-
sight into such topics as your attitudes toward love, marriage, the handling of
finances, and so on.
● Key terms are set in boldface and defined in the margin at the point of use as
well as in the glossary at the back of the book.
● A short summary concludes each chapter.
● Each chapter now includes web addresses for internet sites that provide addi-
tional information to the topics covered.
● Updated appendices investigating sexually transmitted diseases and contracep-
tion are included at the end of the book.
● The discussion of HIV/AIDS is in Appendix A, along with a discussion of other
sexually transmitted diseases. By placing it in an appendix, the instructor may
bring in a discussion of HIV/AIDS at any time he or she chooses rather than
having to discuss it when it appears in the chapter on sexuality.
● More emphasis was placed on weaving the positive characteristics of successful
families throughout the book.

Supplements
Human Intimacy: Marriage, the Family, and Its Meaning, Eleventh Edition is accom-
panied by a wide array of supplements prepared to create the best learning environ-
ment inside as well as outside the classroom for both the instructor and the student.
All the continuing supplements for Human Intimacy: Marriage, the Family, and Its
Meaning, Eleventh Edition, have been thoroughly revised and updated, and several
are new to this edition. We invite you to take full advantage of the teaching and learn-
ing tools available to you.

Supplements for the Instructor

eBank Instructor’s Manual with Test Bank Written by Kevin Demmitt of Clay-
ton State University, this supplement contains resources designed to streamline and
maximize the effectiveness of your course preparation, including learning objectives,
chapter lecture outlines, key terms and concepts, and class projects. The Instructor’s
Manual with Test Bank also includes 75–100 multiple-choice and 25 true-false ques-
tions for each chapter, all with answers and page references. There are also 10–15
short answer questions and 5–10 essay questions for each chapter.
ExamView® Create, deliver, and customize tests and study guides (both print and
online) in minutes with this easy-to-use assessment and tutorial system. ExamView
offers both a Quick Test Wizard and an Online Test Wizard that guide you step by
step through the process of creating tests, while its “what you see is what you get” in-
terface allows you to see the test you are creating on the screen exactly as it will print
or display online. You can build tests of up to 250 questions using up to 12 question
types. Using ExamView’s complete word processing capabilities, you can enter an
unlimited number of new questions or edit existing questions.

Supplements for the Student

Marriage and Family: Using Microcase®ExplorIt®, Third Edition Written by Kevin
Demmitt of Clayton State University, this is a software-based workbook that provides
an exciting way to get students to view marriage and family from the sociological

xviii | Preface

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 perspective. With this workbook and the accompanying ExplorIt software and data
sets, your students will use national and cross-national surveys to examine and ac-
tively learn marriage and family topics. This inexpensive workbook will add an excit-
ing dimension to your marriage and family course.

Internet-Based Supplements
CourseMate for Human Intimacy: Marriage, the Family, and Its Meaning Cengage
Learning’s Sociology CourseMate brings course concepts to life with interactive
learning, study, and exam preparation tools that support the printed textbook. Access
an integrated eBook, learning tools including glossaries, flashcards, quizzes, videos,
and more in your Sociology CourseMate. Go to CengageBrain.com to register or pur-
chase access.

Acknowledgments
As with all such undertakings, many more people than ourselves have contributed
to this book. Frank Cox would like to thank those whose contributions are the most
important—the many family members with whom he has interacted all his life: par-
ents, grandparents, aunts and uncles, siblings, cousins, and, of course, his immediate
family—Pamela, his wife; Randall and Linda and their children, Alexander, Brandon,
and Cameron; and Hans and Michelle and their children, Stephanie, Max, and Bella.
In addition, many fine researchers and writers have contributed to his thoughts.
Likewise, Kevin Demmitt would like to express his appreciation to those who
have contributed to his understanding and appreciation of what it means to be a fam-
ily. Audrey, his wife and partner in all things, is wonderfully present in each of their
three children, Andrew, Hannah, and Jacob, of whom he could not be more proud.
Kevin’s parents were models of living what they believed. He also appreciates the
blessing of being raised with four brothers, loving grandparents, and the memories of
a large extended family.
The following reviewers contributed feedback for the Eleventh Edition:
John Coggins, Purdue University North Central
Gary Gregory, Williams Baptist College
Kwaku Obosu-Mensah, Lorain County Community College
Josie Weis, Edukan/Barton County Community College
Elizabeth Wilson, Harding University
We also thank all the wonderful students who have passed through our classes. They
have made us think and grow and have let us know that the American family is alive
and well.
Although Human Intimacy has our names on it, the actual production of the book
rests with Mark Kerr, our editor; and Liana Sarkisian, the development editor who
helped guide the development of this revision. Once in production, the project was
skillfully guided by Michelle Clark.
We also want to thank those oft-forgotten production people who turn the final
manuscript into a beautiful book and place it in the hands of the many teachers and
students who use it. We are always grateful for your fine work and consider Human
Intimacy to be all our book.

Preface | xix
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 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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 11thedition

Human Intimacy

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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 CHAPTER
Human Intimacy in the Brave New World of
1 FAMILY DIVERSITY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
Building Successful Relationships
Qualities of Strong and Resilient Families:
An Overview
Can We Study Intimacy?
Making Decisions That Lead to a Fulfilling Life
Theoretical Approaches to Family Study
iStockphoto.com/Mary Gascho

Methods of Study
Strengthening the Family
1 | C H A P T E R 1 Human Intimacy in the Brave New World of Family Diversity

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
described as standing south on land of the said Hospital and north
on the king’s highway. This description certainly does not warrant
the statement of Parton that the inn must “have been situate
somewhat eastward from Drury Lane end, and on the south side of
Holborn.”[538]
Immediately to the west of The Swan came The Greyhound.
Unfortunately no description of the inn or the property connected
with it has come down from Elizabethan times. In 1679, however,
Thomas Short, son and heir of Dudley Short, sold the whole to John
Pery, and the indenture[539] embodying the transaction gave a
description of the property as it then existed. It included two houses
in the main thoroughfare, both extending southward to Greyhound
Court and one of them being “commonly called ... or knowne by the
name or signe of The Crowne.” It would seem therefore that The
Greyhound had by now been renamed The Crown, although the
court still retained the old name. By 1704 the court had also been
renamed Crown Court.[540] Included in the sale was a quantity of land
in the rear, with buildings, garden ground and other ground,
including the house in Greyhound Court where Thomas Short had
himself lived. The details given, though full, are not sufficient to
enable a plan to be drawn of the property. It certainly included the
eastern portion of the site of St. Giles’s Workhouse,[541] and did not
extend as far south as Short’s Gardens, as it is said to be bounded in
that direction by a “peice of ground commonly called the mulberry
garden, late in the possession of Robert Clifton.”
To the west of The Greyhound, were a number of houses,
which in 1567 were sold[542] by Lord and Lady Mountjoy to Henry
Ampthill.[543] They are described as in eleven occupations, adjoining
The Greyhound on the east, the highway on the north, and a close
(probably Greyhound Close) on the south. The western boundary,
unfortunately, is not given. The property was subsequently split up,
about half coming into the hands of a family named Hawkins,[544]
and this in 1726 certainly included property on either side of Lamb
Alley,[545] probably as far as the site of the present No. 45, Broad
Street. How much further the Ampthill property extended is not
known.
In 1631 Ann Barber, widow, and her son Thomas, sold[546] to
Henry Lambe a tenement and two acres of land, the said two acres
being garden ground and adjoining on the west “a parcell of ground
called Masslings,” on the south “a parcell of ground in the occupation
of one Master Smith,” on the east a “parcell of ground in the
occupation of Mistris Margarett Hamlyn,” and on the north certain
tenements and garden plots in the occupation of Robert Johnson and
others. In 1654 John Lambe sold the property to Henry Stratton,
who in the following year parted with it to Thomas Blythe.[547] In the
indenture accompanying the latter sale, the two acres are stated to be
“a garden or ground late in the occupation of Samuel Bennet,” and
the remainder of the property is described as 10 messuages late in
the tenure of Edmund Lawrence, 4 small messuages also late in
Lawrence’s occupation, a chamber commonly called the Gate House,
a messuage called The Bowl, and a messuage called The Black Lamb.
The property had formerly belonged to William Barber,[548] Ann’s
husband. There is nothing to show how he became possessed of it,
but it is possible that the property is identical with the “one
messuage, one garden and two acres of land with appurtenances”
sold by John Vavasour in 1590 to Thomas Young.[549]
The eastern limits of the property above described may be
fixed within a little, as it is known that a portion of it was utilised in
the 18th century for the building of the original workhouse, and is
described in a deed quoted by Parton[550] as bounded on the east by
the backs of houses in Crown Court. It may be regarded therefore as
including the site of the central portion of the present workhouse.
The “parcel of ground in the occupation of one Master Smith”
described as the southern boundary, and referred to in a deed of
1680[551] as the garden and grounds of William Short, is obviously the
strip of ground on the north side of Short’s Gardens, leased by Short
to Edward Smith.[552] The western boundary, “Masslings,” has been
strangely misconstrued. Parton read it as “Noselings,”[553] which he
regarded as a corruption of “Newlands,”[554] and located the ground
on the east side of Neal Street. Blott copied the error and, in a highly
imaginative paragraph, connected it with Noseley, in Leicestershire.
[555]
As a matter of fact, there is not the slightest doubt that
“Masslings”[556] is “Marshlands,” between which the form
“Marshlins” appearing in a deed of 1615[557] is evidently a connecting
link.
 The boundary between Marshland and The Bowl property is
shown on Plate 39.
By 1680[558] a considerable portion of The Bowl property had
been built on and Bowl Yard had been formed. In the first instance,
the latter led by a narrow passage into Short’s Gardens, but
afterwards the entrance was widened, and the southern part of the
thoroughfare was named New Belton Street, Belton Street proper
being distinguished as Old Belton Street. About 1846 both were
widened on the east side to form Endell Street, and the still
remaining portion of Bowl Yard at the northern end was swept away.
Bowl Yard obviously derived its name from The Bowl inn, which,
together with The Black Lamb, is mentioned in the deed of 1655,
above referred to. The sign had no doubt reference to the custom
mentioned by Stow[559] that criminals on their way to execution at
Tyburn were, at St. Giles’s Hospital, presented with a great bowl of
ale “thereof to drinke at theyr pleasure, as to be theyr last refreshing
in this life.” The inn itself probably fronted Broad Street, and the
brewhouse attached to it was situated behind, on the west side of
Bowl Yard.
Plate 38 shows the west front of The Bowl Brewery in 1846,
and the houses at the northern end of Belton Street.
In the Council’s collection are:—
[560]
The Bowl Brewery in 1846 (photograph).
Nos. 7 and 9, Broad Street. Exterior (photograph).
 LI.—SITE OF MARSHLAND (SEVEN DIALS.)

Included in the property transferred to Henry VIII. in 1537

was “one close called Marshland.”[561] In 1594, Queen Elizabeth
farmed the close to Thomas Stydolph, his wife, and his son, Francis,
for the life of the longest liver, and in 1598 she farmed it for the sixty
years following the death of the longest lived of the three to Nicholas
Morgan and Thomas Horne. The latter immediately conveyed their
interest to James White, and subsequently it came into the hands of
Sir Francis Stydolph, who thus held a lease for the length of his own
life and for sixty years afterwards. In 1650, while he was still in
possession of the close, it was surveyed by Commissioners appointed
by Parliament[562]. In their report, the close is described as “all yt
peice or parcell of pasture ground comonly called ... Marsh close
alias Marshland ... on the north side of Longe Acre,[563] and ...
betwene a way leadinge from Drury Lane to St. Martin’s Lane on the
north;[564] and a way leadinge from St. Gyles to Knightsbridge, and a
way leadinge from Hogg Lane into St. Martin’s Lane on the west;[565]
and Bennet’s Garden[566] and Sir John Bromley[567] and Mr. Short on
the east.” These boundaries are in accord with the plan showing the
design for laying out (Plate 39), and with Faithorne’s Map of 1658
(Plate 4). The extension of Marshland to the east of Neal Street
(formerly King Street) has never been noticed, but the fact is quite
clear. One proof will suffice. On 23rd September, 1728, James Joye
sold to trustees of the charity schools of St. Giles, Cripplegate,
property specified as “part of the Marshlands in St. Giles-in-the-
Fields,”[568] and situated on the east side of King Street. Part of the
property has since been thrown into the public way, but part can still
be identified as No. 82, Neal Street,[569] on the east side.
In 1650 the buildings on the Close were:—
 (i.) The Cock and Pye inn, a brick building of two storeys and
a garret, standing on ground 117 feet from north to south, with a
breadth of 48 feet at the north end. This is probably the building
shown on Hollar’s Plan of 1658 (Plate 3), at the southern angle of the
close. From it the close was sometimes known as Cock and Pye
Fields.
(ii.) A house with wheelwright’s shop and shed attached,
covering with yards, gardens, etc., 3 roods.
(iii.) A shed of timber and Flemish wall, with tiled roof,
containing two small dwelling rooms, occupying, with a garden, half
an acre.
(iv.) A piece of ground, half an acre in extent, “late converted
into a garden, beinge very well planted wth rootes.”
(v.) Three tenements of timber and Flemish wall, with
thatched roof, on the north side of what was afterwards Castle Street,
occupying, with gardens, etc., half an acre.
(vi.) “All that conduit scituate and adjoyninge to the aforesaid
3 tenements, and standeth on the southest corner of the aforesaid
Marsh Close, consistinge of one roome heirtofore used to convey
water to the Excheqr. Office, but of late not used.”
Sir Francis Stydolph died on 12th March, 1655–6, and his
successor, Sir Richard, at once entered on the remaining 60 years’
term and in 1672 obtained an extension of this for 15 years.[570]
Morden and Lea’s Map of 1682 shows that by that date a
considerable amount of building had taken place on the close,
though the details are not clear.[571] This is probably to be connected
with the lease which James Kendricke obtained for 31 years as from
Michaelmas, 1660.[572] In 1693 Thomas Neale, “intending to improve
the said premisses by building”[573], obtained a lease of the close until
10th March, 1731–2, undertaking to build within two years sufficient
houses to form ground rents amounting to £1,200, the ground rents
to be calculated at from 5s. to 8s. a foot frontage, except in the case of
houses fronting King Street (now Neal Street), Monmouth Street
(now Shaftesbury Avenue), St. Andrew Street and Earl Street, where
the amount was to be from 8s. to 12s. a foot. Building operations
were apparently started immediately,[574] but do not seem to have
been completed until well into the 18th century.[575]
 Neale’s plan was one which excited considerable notice at the
time, the streets all radiating from a common centre. Evelyn records
in his Diary under date of 5th October, 1694: “I went to see the
building neere St. Giles’s, where 7 streets make a star from a Doric
pillar plac’d in the middle of a circular area.” From the fact that on
the summit of the column were dials, each facing one of the streets,
the district obtained the name of Seven Dials. The top part of the
pillar, however, has only six faces, a fact which has worried
antiquaries. In explanation Mr. W. A. Taylor, the Holborn Librarian,
has pointed out[576] that the plan (Plate 39) now at the Holborn
Public Library, of the proposed laying out shows only six streets,
Little White Lion Street not being provided for.[577]
The pillar was taken down in July, 1773, on the supposition
that a considerable sum of money was lodged at the base. “But the
search was ineffectual, and the pillar was removed to Sayes Court,
Addlestone, with a view to its erection in the park. This, however,
was not done, and it lay there neglected until the death of Frederica,
Duchess of York, in 1820, when the inhabitants of Weybridge,
desiring to commemorate her thirty years’ residence at Oatlands and
her active benevolence to the poor of the neighbourhood, bethought
them of the prostrate column, purchased it, placed a coronet instead
of the dials on the summit, and a suitable inscription on the base,
and erected it, August, 1822, on the green. The stone on which were
the dials, not being required, was utilised as the horseblock at a
neighbouring inn, but has been removed and now reposes on the
edge of the green, opposite the column.”[578] Plate 40 shows the
column as at present.
Little of architectural interest now remains in the district of
Seven Dials. Plate 41 is a view of Little Earl Street at the present day.
Suspended from No. 56, Castle Street is a wooden key used as a
street sign and trade mark, probably dating from the reign of George
III., at which time the predecessors of the present firm carried on a
locksmith’s business at the premises. The exterior retains an 18th-
century appearance, and a small Georgian coat of arms remains over
the doorway. The interior has been many times reconstructed, and
does not now contain anything of architectural interest.
In the Council’s collection are:—
No. 54, Neal Street. Exterior (photograph).
No. 54, Neal Street. Detail of staircase (measured drawing).
Nos. 54, 56 and 58, Castle Street. Exterior (photograph).
[579]No. 56, Castle Street. Street sign (photograph).

No. 50, Castle Street. Exterior (photograph).

Nos. 1–6, Little White Lion Street. General view (photograph).
No. 10, Lumber Court. Exterior of ground floor (photograph).
 [579]LittleEarl Street. General view looking east (photograph).
Little Earl Street. General view and No. 15 (photograph).
No. 15, Little Earl Street. Exterior (photograph).
Nos. 12–16, Great White Lion Street. General view of exteriors
(photograph).
LII.—THE CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS, WEST
STREET.
General description and date of
structure.
On 20th February, 1699–1700, John Ardowin obtained a lease
of a plot of Marshland, 73 feet long, by 46 feet deep, abutting south
on West Street and north on Tower Street, “as the same was laid out
and designed for a chapel.”[580] The chapel in question, which was for
the use of the little colony of Huguenots lately settled in the district,
was duly built, and received the title of “La Pyramide de la
Tremblade.” The following inscription, however, which occurs on
two chalices in the possession of the West London Mission, shows
that the congregation had for more than two years had a temporary
place of worship on this spot. “Hi duo Calices dono dati sunt ab
Honesto Viro Petro Fenowillet die octavo Julii MDCIIIC in usum
Congregationis Gallicae quae habetur in via vulgo dicta West Street
de Parochia S. Ægidii. Si vero dissolvitur Congregatio in usum
Pauperum venundabuntur.” In 1742 the congregation removed
elsewhere, and in the following year John Wesley took a seven years’
lease of the building, holding his first service there on Trinity
Sunday, 1743. His house, which stood immediately to the west of the
chapel, was demolished in 1902. The lease of the chapel was renewed
from time to time until Wesley’s death in 1791, after which the
premises were used for various religious purposes until 1888, when
they were purchased for the use of the Seven Dials Mission.[581]
The exterior is of stock brick with large semi-circular headed
windows, as shown on the previous page.
The interior has three large galleries supported on panelled
square wood pillars. The ceiling and roof are carried by Ionic
columns. Over the bay of the nave next to the chancel is a large
square lantern with flat ceiling; in each side of the lantern are three
light windows.
The chancel is the full width of the nave between the galleries.
The end wall had a window, known in Wesley’s time as the
“Nicodemus Window.” It connected with Wesley’s house, and by its
means many of his secret admirers could take part in the service
without being observed by the congregation. It was filled in after
Wesley’s death and was not found again until 1901, when the wall
was pulled down and rebuilt. Vestries with rooms over now occupy
the sides of the chancel, but formerly these were a portion of the
church.

The top part of the pulpit, formerly a “three decker,” occupied

by Wesley, is still in use as the reading desk. The present pulpit, of
18th-century oak, was a gift from the church of St. George,
Bloomsbury, and the white marble font, dated 1810, came from the
parish church of St. Giles.
In the Council’s collection are:—
[582]Church of All Saints, West Street. Exterior in 1901 (photograph).
General view of interior (photograph).
[582]Top part of Wesley’s pulpit (photograph).
LIII.—SITE OF THE HOSPITAL OF ST. GILES.

The Hospital of St. Giles-in-the-Fields was founded by Maud,

[583]
Henry I.’s Queen, probably in 1117 or 1118.[584] Stow[585] giving, on
unknown authority, the date as “about the yeare 1117,” and the
Cottonian MS. Nero C.V.[586] placing the event in 1118. The number of
lepers to be maintained in the Hospital was stated, in the course of
the suit between the Abbot of St. Mary Graces and the Master of
Burton Lazars in the fourth year of Henry IV.’s reign, to be fourteen,
[587]
and this is to a certain extent confirmed by a petition[588] from
the brethren of the Hospital, dating from the end of Edward I.’s
reign, which gives the number as “xiij,” apparently a clerical error.
On the other hand, the jury who were sworn to give evidence at the
above-mentioned suit, declared that from time immemorial it had
not been the custom to maintain fourteen, but that sometimes there
had been only three, four or five.
Maud had assigned 60s. rent, issuing from Queenhithe, for
the support of the lepers, and had afterwards granted the ward of the
Hospital to the citizens of London,[589] who appointed two persons to
supervise the Hospital. Certain of the citizens had given rents, etc.,
amounting to upwards of £80 a year towards the maintenance of
lepers of the City and suburbs,[590] and an arrangement come to[591] in
the reign of Edward III. between the City and the Warden of the
Hospital provided that, apparently in accordance with the ancient
custom, the whole of the fourteen lepers should be taken from the
City and suburbs and presented by the Mayor and Commonalty, or
that if there were not so many within those limits, the County of
Middlesex should be included, and that in the event of further gifts to
the Hospital by good men of the City, the number of lepers should be
increased in proportion. It will be seen, therefore, that the Hospital
of St. Giles was, in early times, a peculiarly London institution, and
very closely connected with the governing body of the City.
On 4th April, 1299,[592] it was granted to the Hospital of
Burton Lazars in Leicestershire. It thus became a cell to that house,
and a member of the order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem. Except for a
short intermission, it remained under the control of the house of
Burton Lazars until the dissolution in 1539, but it must long before
have ceased to serve its original purpose. Its constitution during the
later period of its existence is obscure, but the place of the lepers was
probably taken by infirm persons, when leprosy became extinct. The
hospital appears to have been governed by a Warden, who was
subordinate to the Master of Burton Lazars.
The Precinct of the Hospital probably included the whole of
the island site now bounded by High Street, Charing Cross Road[593]
and Shaftesbury Avenue; it was entered by a Gatehouse in High
Street. The Hospital church is sufficiently represented by the present
parish church, while the other buildings of the hospital included the
Master’s House (subsequently called the Mansion House) to the west
of the church, and the Spittle Houses, which probably stood in the
High Street to the east of the church. There is no evidence of the
internal arrangement of these buildings, with the exception of the
church, which survived till 1623, and will be described below.
The Gatehouse.
The position of The Gatehouse may be roughly gathered from
a deed of 1618[594], which refers to “all that old decayed building or
house commonly called the Gatehouse, adjoyning next unto one
small old tenement or building set and being att or neare unto or
uppon the north-west corner of the brickwall inclosing the north and
west parte of the churchyard.”
Mansion House and Adjacent Buildings.
A few years after the dissolution in 1539, the property of the
Hospital was divided between Lord Lisle and Katherine Legh[595],
when there fell to the share of the former the mansion place or
capital house of the Hospital; a messuage, part of the Hospital, with
orchards and gardens, in the tenure of Doctor Borde; and a
messuage, part of the Hospital, with orchard and garden, in the
tenure of Master Densyle, formerly of Master Wynter. Lisle
transferred the property to Sir Wymonde Carew, who at his death
was found to be seized of and in “the capital mansion of the Hospital
of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and of and in certain parcels of land with
appurtenances in the parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields.”[596] Thomas
Carew, his son, seems to have disposed of the whole of the property,
and in 1563 the above-mentioned, described as four messuages, were
in the possession of Francis Downes.
On 10th April, 1566, Robert and Edward Downes sold[597] to
John Graunge “all those messuages, tenements, houses, edyfices,
barns, stables, gardens, orchards, meadows, etc., with the
appurtenances, now or late in the several occupations of the Right
Hon. Sir Willyam Herbert, knyght, now Erell of Pembroke, ——
Byrcke, Esq., Johan Wyse, wydowe, Anthony Vuidele, Thomas More,
Henrye Hye, and —— Troughton, —— Wylson, lyng and being in St.
Gyles in the Fieldes.”
There are no records by which the history of these several
houses may be traced, but at the beginning of the 17th century the
property, having then passed into the hands of Robert Lloyd[598]
(Floyd, or Flood), seems chiefly to have comprised five large houses.
[599]

On 19th March, 1617–8, Robert Lloyd[600] sold to Isaac

Bringhurst the reversion of a house, formerly in the occupation of
Jas. Bristowe and then in that of Thomas Whitesaunder, situated
“nere unto the west end of the ... parish church” and to the south of
Sir Edward Cope’s residence, having an enclosure on its east side 45
feet wide by 17½ and 18 feet, and gardens and ground on the west
side, extending 288½ feet to Hog Lane. Assuming a depth of from
30 to 40 feet for the house itself, it will be seen that the premises
stretched between the church and Hog Lane for a distance of about
340 feet, and after making due allowance for the fact that Hog Lane
was much narrower than Charing Cross Road, its modern
representative, it will be apparent that the only possible course taken
by the above mentioned property was along the line of Little
Denmark Street, formerly Lloyd’s Court. Unfortunately the history of
the house in question cannot be definitely traced after 1629[601], but if
the site suggested above is correct, the premises subsequently came
into the possession of Elizabeth Saywell (née Lloyd) who, by will
dated 5th January, 1712–3, gave all her real estate in St. Giles, after
several estates for life, to Benjamin Carter for his life, and devised a
fourth part of her estate to trustees for charitable purposes.
Benjamin Carter on 12th March, 1727, accordingly granted to
trustees all that old capital messuage or tenement wherein Mrs.
Saywell had resided, “which said capital messuage had been pulled
down and several messuages, houses or tenements, had been erected
on the ground whereon the said capital messuage stood situated in a
certain place, commonly called Lloyd’s Court.”[602]
Immediately to the north of the last mentioned house was the
mansion of Sir Edward Cope, described in 1612[603] as “with twoe litle
gardens before on the north side thereof impalled, and a large garden
with a pumpe and a banquetting house on the south side of the same
tenement, walled about with bricke, and a stable and the stable yard
adjoyning to the same garden.”
If the site ascribed to the previous house is correct, Sir
Edward Cope’s mansion must have been identical with that shown in
the map in Strype’s edition of Stow (Plate 5) as “Ld. Wharton’s,”
situated between the houses on the north side of Lloyd’s Court and
on the south side of Denmark Street. In 1652, the house was in the
tenure of John Barkstead or his assigns.[604] Philip, 4th Lord
Wharton, was resident in St. Giles in 1677,[605] probably at this house,
and the “garden of Lord Wharton” is in 1687 mentioned[606] as the
southern boundary of premises in Denmark Street. It seems a
reasonable suggestion that this house was originally the capitalis
mansio, or master’s house.
 The same deed of 1612 mentions(i) a house in the tenure of
Tristram Gibbs, with a stable towards the street on the north side,
and a large garden on the south, “walled on the east side and toward
a lane of the south side,” abutting west on the garden of Frances
Varney’s house; and (ii) a house “now or latelie in the tenure of Alice,
the Lady Dudley,” with a paved court on the north side before the
door, a stable on the north side towards the street, another paved
court backwards towards the south, walled with brick, and a large
walled garden on the south side.
The position of Tristram Gibbs’s house can be roughly
identified by the fact that a parcel of ground abutting north on
Denmark Street and south on Lord Wharton’s garden and ground is
stated[607] to have been formerly “part of the garden belonging to the
messuage in tenure of Tristram Gibbs, Esq.” The house was therefore
to the north of Lord Wharton’s house, and its site probably extended
over part of Denmark Street.
The position of Lady Dudley’s house may be roughly
ascertained from the particulars given in the deed of 1618,[608] which
mentions the Gatehouse. Therein reference is made to the site of a
certain house formerly adjoining the north part of the Gatehouse,
“conteyninge in length from the north part to the south part, viz.,
from the end or corner of a certain stone wall, being the wall of the
house or stable there of the Lady Dudley unto the south-east corner
post or utmost lymittes of the said Gatehouse 39½ feet, and in
breadth att the north end, viz., from the uttermost side of the said
stone wall att the south east corner thereof to a certen little shed or
building there called a coach house of the said Lady Dudley, 19 feet;
and in length from south to north, viz., from the uttermost lymittes
or south-west corner post of the said Gatehouse to a certen old
foundacion of a wall lying neare unto the south side of the said
coache house 28 feet, and in breadth from east to west att the south
end and so throughe all the full length of the said 28 feet of the said
soile or ground 28½ feet.” The above is not as clear as it might be,
but it certainly shows that Lady Dudley’s stable was to the north of
the Gatehouse, which, as has been shown, was near the north-west
angle of the churchyard. Lady Dudley’s house, therefore, probably
occupied a site to the north of Denmark Street.
 The most northerly of the five large houses existing here at the
beginning of the 17th century was the White House. This was, in
1618, when it was sold by Robert Lloyd to Isaac Bringhurst,[609] in the
occupation of Edmund Verney, and was then described as “all that
one messuage or tenement, with appurtenances, commonly known
by the name of the White House, and one yard, one garden and one
long walke, and one stable with a hay lofte over the same.” In 1631 it
was purchased by Lady Dudley,[610] who three years later
transferred[611] it to trustees to be used for the purposes of a
parsonage. At the time a lease of the premises for three lives was held
by Edward Smith, and this was not determined until 1681, when the
house had become “very ruinous and scarcely habitable.”[612] The
Rector at once entered into an agreement with John Boswell, a
hatmaker of St. Dunstan’s West, for rebuilding, and it was arranged
that the houses to be erected on the site should be built “with all
materials and scantlings conformable to the third rate buildings
prescribed by the Act of Parliament for rebuilding the City of
London.” The result was presumably Dudley Court, now Denmark
Place.