2021-2022 S4 LTFC

Name: _____________________ Biology Exercise

Class: _________( ) Chapter 2 – Cell

1. The following exercises help finding out image size, object size and magnification.
(a) Fill in the following blanks.

Image size
Magnification = -----------------------------
object size

(b) When a specimen is observed under a microscope, its image size is always
(*bigger / smaller) than its object size.

(c) (i) When a cell of 1.5μm in length is observed under an electronic microscope, its
length appears to be 4.5 cm. Write down its image size and object size
Image size: .5Object size:

(ii) To calculate magnification, we have to convert both the image size and object
size into the Same Unit. We are going to convert both 1.5μm and 4.5 cm into
the unit of mm. (You may wish to convert it to other units.)
/1000 times /10 times

Smaller units μm mm cm Larger units

x1000 times x10 times

For the object size:

(Converting it from μm to mm)
 1 μm is times (larger/ smaller) than 1 mm.
 So, the conversion of μm to mm is a conversion of Small to Big units. To
keep the value unchanged, we need to Scale Down the figure by using
Division.
 Thus, 1.5 μm is equal to (1.5 ) mm = mm.

For the image size:

(Converting it from cm to mm)
 1 cm is times (larger/ smaller ) than 1 mm.

1
  So, the conversion of cm to mm is a conversion of Big to Small units. To
keep the value unchanged, we need to Scale Up the figure by using
Multiplication, so
 Thus, 4.5 cm is equal to (4.5 ) mm =

45 mm
The magnification is thus = ------------------------------- = 000
0.0015 mm

(e) An image produced by an electron microscope is shown below:

P

2 μm Q

(i) Calculate the magnification.

Magnifcation
= image size/ object size =1 cm / 2 μm
= 10 mm/ 2 μm = (10*1000) μm / 2 μm
= 5000 X

(ii) Using the result in (a), calculate the actual length of PQ in mm.
Image size of PQ is 3 cm. The actual length is smaller than the Image size, so we use
division:
Actual length of PQ = image size / 5000
= 3cm / 5000= (3*10) mm/ 5000
=0.006 mm

2. More drilling on the calculations.

Size of the image
Magnification of microscope =
Size of the object

Magnification of Size of image Size of the object

microscope
5X 20mm 4mm
20X 1cm 0.5mm
20X 2cm 0.1cm
400X 800mm / 80cm 2mm
150X 3mm 0.02mm
250X 0.5cm 0.0025cm / 0.025mm

2
 I. Homework

1. Which of the following statements about the modern cell theory is/are correct?
(1) Cells are specialised for different functions.
(2) All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
(3) The cell is the basic unit of life.
A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
C
Mary observed the onion epidermis with a light microscope. She first focused the specimen
and obtained the image as shown in Figure I. She then observed the specimen with another
magnification and obtained the image as shown in Figure II. Answer question 4.

Figure I Figure II
2. Which of the following steps is / are necessary for her to obtain the image as shown in
Figure II?
(1) adjust the iris diaphragm
(2) rotate the nosepiece to select a high-power objective
(3) turn the coarse adjustment knob
A. (2) only B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
A
Directions: Questions 3 to 4 refer to an experiment in which the same prepared slide of
amoebae was observed in turn with four microscopes with different magnifications.
The following table shows the combinations of eyepiece and objective used in
different microscopes:
Microscope Eyepiece Objective
I 5X 10X
II 10X 15X
III 5X 40X
IV 15X 10X
3. With which microscope could the student observe the largest number of amoebae?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV

4. Which microscope produced the brightest image with the same light source?
A. I B. II C. III D. IV
A
5. When you were observing an Amoeba with a light microscope, it moved to the upper
right side of the field of view. In which direction did it actually move to, relative to the
slide?
A. the upper right side B. the lower right side
C. the upper left side D. the lower left side
D

3
Part B Structured Questions
1. The micrograph below shows part of a pancreatic cell observed under a transmission
electron microscope.

500 nm

*a. Calculate the magnification of the electron micrograph. (1 mark)

15 000 000 nm / 500 nm = 30 000

(Hints: measure the length of the scale provided)

b. Besides the transmission electron microscope, the cell can also be observed under a
scanning electron microscope. Give one advantage of using a transmission electron
microscope over a scanning electron microscope to observe the cell. (1 mark)
It allows observation of the internal structures of the cell./It has a higher maximum
magnification.