Chapter

Motion In One Dimension

Position Frame of Reference : It is a system to which a set of

An object is situated at point O andTbree observers from coordinates are attached and with reference to which observer

three different describes any event.

places are looking

A passenger standing on platform observes that a tree on a
at same object,
platform is at rest. But the same passenger passing away in a train
then all three
through station, observes that tree is in motion. In both conditions
observers will
observer is right. But observations are different because in first
have different
observations situation observer stands on a platform, which is reference frame at

about the position rest and in second situation observer is moving in train, which is

of point O and no one will be wrong. Because they are observing reference frame in motion.
the object from different positions.
So rest and motion are relative terms depending upon the
Observer 'A' says : Point O is 3 m away in west direction.
choice of frame of reference.
Observer 'B' says : Point O is 4 m away in south direction.
Table 2.1 : Types of motion
Observer 'C says : Point O is 5 m away in east direction.

Therefore jTosition nLany point is ^ompletely expressed by One dimensional Two dimensional Three dimensional
two factors: Its distance from the observer and its direction with
Motion of abody is Motion of body in a Motion of body in
respectJpj^bserver.
a straight line is plane is called two space is called three
That is why position is characterised by called one dimensional motion. dimensional motion.
a vector known as position vector^ ->• dimensional motion.
P(x,y,z)
Consider a point P in xy plane and its
When only one When two When all three
coordinates are (x, y). Then position vector X coordinate of the coordinates of the coordinates of the
o position of a body
(r) of point will be' ^^ij-^^^ and if the point P position of a body position of a body
changes with time change with time change with time
is in space and its coordinates are (x, y, z) then position vector can
then it is said to be then it is said to be then it is said to be
be expressed as r = xi + y/ + zk. moving one moving two moving three
dimensionally. dimensionally. dimensionally.
Rest and Motion
Ex.. (i) Motion of car Ex. (i) Motion of car Ex.. (i) Motion of
If a body does not change its position as time passes with
on a straight road. on a circular turn. flying kite.
respect to frame of reference, it is said to be at rest.
(ii) Motion of freely (ii) Motion of (ii) Motion of flying
And if a body changes its position as time passes with
falling body. billiards ball. insect.
respect to frame of reference, it is said to be in motion.
 (v) In general, magnitude of displacement is not equal to
object
distance. However, it can be so if the motion is along a straight line
The smallest part of matter with zero dimension which can be
without change in direction.y
described by its mass and position is defined as a particle or point mass.
If the size of a body is negligible in comparison to its range of (vi) If rA and rB are the
motion then that body is known as a particle. position vectors of particle initially
A body (Group of particles) can be treated as a particle, and finally.
depending upon the type of its motion. For example in a planetary Then displacement of the
motion around the sun the different planets can be presumed to be particle fAB=rB- fA
the particles.
and s is the distance travelled x
In above consideration when we treat body as particle, all if the particle has gone through the Fig. 2.3
parts of the body undergo same displacement and have same path APB.
velocity and acceleration.
Speed and Velocity
Distance and Displacement
(1) Speed : The rate of distance covered with time is called speed.
(1) Distance : It is the actual length of the path covered by a (i) It is a scalar quantity having symbol v .
moving particle in a given interval of time.
(ii) Dimension : [^OT1]
(1)If a particle starts firbm A and reach to C through point B as
(iii) Unit: metre/second (S.I.), cm/second (C.G.S.)
shown in the figure.
(iv) Types of speed :
Then distance travelled by particle
(a) Uniform speed : When a particle covers equal distances
=AB+BC=7m
in equal intervals of time, (no matter how small the intervals are)
(ii) Distance is a scalar quantity. then it is said to be moving with uniform speed. In given illustration
(iii) Dimension: [MOT] motorcyclist travels equal distance (= 5m) in each second. So we
(iv) Unit: metre (S.I.)p. 2 2 can say that particle is moving with uniform speed of 5 m/s.

(2)Displacement : Displacement is the change in position

vector i.e., A vector joining initial to final position.
(i) Displacement is a vector quantity I 5m I 5m I 5m I 5m I 5m I 5m

(ii) Dimension : [JVfL1^] 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec lsec

Time
(iii) Unit: metre (S.I.) 5m/s 5m/s 5m/s 5m/s 5m/s 5m/s
Uniform Speed
(iv) In the above figure the displacement of the particle
Fig. 2.4
(b) Non-uniform (variable) speed : In non-uniform speed
particle covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time. In the
=> I AC I = ^](AB)2 + (BC)2 + 2(AB)(BC)cos90 = 5 m .
given illustration motorcyclist travels 5m in 1st second, 8m in 2nd
second, 10m in 3rd second, 4m in 4th second etc.
(v) If SX,S2,S3Sn are the displacements of a body then
Therefore its speed is different for every time interval of one
the total (net) displacement is the vector sum of th^ individuals.
second. This means particle is moving with variable speed.
S = S1+S2+S3 ++ Sn

(3) Comparison between distance and displacement:

(i) The magnitude of displacement is equal to minimum
Distance '5m ' 8m ' 10m '4m' ^ 'Si6m
ft- ' 7m '

possible distance between two positions. Time 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec
So distance > | Displacement |.
Variable Speed 5m/s Sm/s lOm/s 4m/s 6m/s Imls
(ii) For a moving particle, distance can never be negative or
Fig. 2.5
zero while displacement can be.
(c) Average speed : The average speed of a particle for a
(zero displacement means that body after motion has come given 'Interval of time' is defined as the ratio of total distance
back to initial position) travelled to the time taken.
i.e., Distance > 0 but Displacement > = or < 0 ., Total distance travelledAs
Average speed =— ; vav = —-
(iii) For motion between two points, displacement is single valued Time takenAt

while distance depends on actual path and so can have many values. ? Time average speed : When particle moves with different
uniform speed vx, v2, v3 ... etc in different time intervals tx, t^,
(iv) For a moving particle distance can never decrease with
time while displacement can. Decrease in displacement with time t3, ... etc respectively, its average speed over the total time of

means body is moving towards the initial position. journey is given asV
 Motion In One Dimens^on 6
Total distance covered
Total time elapsed (b) Distance travelled by the body = —

_ dx + d2 + d3 + _ v^ + v2t2 + v3t3 +
(v) Comparison between instantaneous speed and
t1+t2+t3+t^+t2+t3+
instantaneous velocity :
' ? Distance averaged speed : When a particle describes
(a) Instantaneous velocity is always tangential to the path
different distances dx, d2 , d3 , with different time intervals followed by the particle.
tx, t2, t3, with speeds v1,u2,v3 respectively then the When a stone is thrown from point O then at point of
speed of particle averaged over the total distance can be given as projection the instantaneous velocity of stone is vx, at point A the

_ Total distance covered _dl+d2+d3+ instantaneous velocity of stone is u2 , similarly at point B and C are
Total time elapsed ti+t2+t3+ u3 and u4 respectively.
_ d^ + d2 + d3 ^ V
dL+d2^+ d3_ +

ih v2 v3
? If speed is continuously changing with time then

vm, = X
Fig. 2.6
Direction of these velocities can be found out by drawing a
(d) Instantaneous speed : It is the speed of a particle at a tangent on the trajectory at a given point.
particular instant of time. When we say "speed", it usually means Q( (b) A particle may have constant instantaneous sp^ed but
instantaneous speed. variable instantaneous velocity.
The instantaneous speed is average speed for infinitesimally Example : When a particle is performing uniform circular
small time interval (i.e., At —> 0). Thus motion then for every instant of its circular motion its speed
remains constant but velocity changes at every instant.
Instantaneous speed v = lim — = —
(c)The magnitude of instantaneous velocity is equal to the
Ato At dt
instantaneous speed.
(2) Velocity : The rate of change of position i.e. rate of
(d)If a particle is moving with constant velocity then its
displacement with time is called velocity.
average velocity and instantaneous velocity are always equal.
(i) It is a vector quantity having symbol v . (e)If displacement is given as a function of time, then time
(ii) Dimension : [^POT1] derivative of displacement will give velocity.
(iii) Unit: metre/second (S.I.), cm/second (C.G.S.) Let displacement x = A0-A1t + A2t2
(iv) Types of velocity :
Instantaneous velocity v = — = — {A0-A1t + A2t2)
(a)Uniform velocity : A particle is said to have uniform
dt dt
velocity, if magnitude as well as direction of its velocity remains
v = -A1 + 2A2t
same and this is possible only when the particle moves in same
For the given value of t, we can find out the instantaneous
straight line without reversing its direction with constant speed.
velocity.
(b)Non-uniform velocity : A particle is said to have non-
e.g for t = 0 ^nstantaneous velocity v = -A1 and
uniform velocity, if either magnitude or direction of velocity
changes or both of them change. Instantaneous speed | v | = A1
(c)Average velocity : It is defined as the ratio of (vi) Comparison between average speed and average
displacement to time taken by the body velocity :
Displacement ^ _ Ar (a)Average speed is a scalar while average velocity is a
Average velocity =
Time taken ' av At vector both having same units (m/s) and dimensions [LT~^].
(d) Instantaneous velocity : Instantaneous velocity is (b)Average speed or velocity depends on time interval over
defined as rate of change of position vector of particles with time at which it is defined.
a certain instant of time. (c)For a given time interval average velocity is single valued
while average speed can have many values depending on path
Instantaneous velocity v = lim — = — .
At^o At dt followed.
? If a body starting from rest accelerates at a constant rate a (d)If after motion, body comes back to its initial position
for certain time and then retards at constant rate fi and comes to then vau = 0 (as -Ar = 0 ) but uav > 0 and finite as (As > 0).
rest after t sec from the starting point, then (e)For a moving body average speed can never be negative
or zero (unless t —^ o) while average velocity can be i.e. vav > 0
(a) The maximum velocity of the body = ——— and
while vav = or < 0.
 70 Motion In One Dimension

(f) As we know for a given time interval Ex.. (a) In uniform circular motion 0 = 90 always
I
Distance > | displacement | (b) In a projectile motion 6 is variable for every point of trajectory.
/. Average speed > | Average velocity |

Acceleration (vi) If a force F acts on a particle of mass m, by Newton's

The time rate of change of velocity of an object is called 2nd law, acceleration a - —
acceleration of the object. m

(1) It is a vector quantity. It's direction is same as that of / -\ d j t- •^.- - ^v d2x [ _ dx

vn By definition a = — = —5- As v = —
change in velocity (Not of the velocity) dt dt2dt
Table 2.2 : Possible ways of velocity change
i.e., if x is given as a function of time, second time derivative

When only When only When both of displacement gives acceleration

direction of magnitude of magnitude and (viii) If velocity is given as a function of position, then by
velocity changes velocity changes direction of
...dv dv dx dv\dx
velocity changes chain rule a = — = — x — = u.— as v = —
dt dx dt dx|_dt
Acceleration Acceleration parallel Acceleration has two
perpendicular to or anti-parallel to components one is (ix) Acceleration can be positive, zero or negative. Positive
velocity velocity perpendicular to acceleration means velocity increasing with time, zero acceleration
velocity and another means velocity is uniform while negative acceleration (retardation)
parallel or anti- means velocity is decreasing with time.
parallel to velocity
(x) For motion of a body under gravity, acceleration will be
E>c. Uniform circular Ex.. Motion under Ex. Projectile
equal to "g", where g is the acceleration due to gravity. Its value is
motion gravity motion
9.8 mis2 or 980 cm/s2 or 32 ieetls2.

. (2) Dimension :
Position time Graph
(3)Unit: metre/second2 (S.I.); cm/second2 (C.G.S.)
During motion of the particle its parameters of kinematical
(4)Types of acceleration :
analysis (u, a, s) changes with time. This can be represented on the
(i) Uniform acceleration : A body is said to have uniform
graph.
acceleration if magnitude and direction of the acceleration remains
Position time graph is plotted by taking time t along x-axis
constant during particle motion.
and position of the particle on y-axis.
(ii) Non-uniform acceleration : A body is said to have
non-uniform acceleration, if either magnitude or direction or both
of them change during motion.
D
Au ||y2
(iii) Average acceleration : aav = — =
0-
At At
The direction of average acceleration vector is the direction

of the change in velocity vector as d = —

Q
(iv) Instantaneous acceleration : a — lim — — —
At->o At dt
Fig. 2.8
(v) For a moving body there is no definite relation between Let AB is a position-time graph for any moving particle
the direction of instantaneous velocity and direction of acceleration.
a 7 1 o_ Change in position y2 - y
As Velocity = -= —— .. .(i)
..^
Time takent2 - tx

BC AD y2-yi
From triangle ABC, tan 0 =
AC AC t2-tx

By comparing (i) and (ii) Velocity = tan^

v = tan^
It is clear that slope of tangent on position-time graph
represents the velocity of the particle.
 >Motion In One Dimension 71

Table 2.3 : Various position - time graphs and their interpretation

P'
9=QSOO = 0

i.e., line parallel to time axis represents that the particle is at rest.

0 >T

p,
9 = 90 so v - >

i.e., line perpendicular to time axis represents that particle is changing its position but time
0 —>T does not change. It means the particle possesses infinite velocity.

Practically this is not possible.

p
9 — constant so u = constant, a = 0

i.e., line with constant slope represents uniform velocity of the particle.
0 ^>T

P'
9 is increasing so v is increasing, a is positive.

i.e., line bending towards position axis represents increasing velocity of particle. It means

o —=^—>T the particle possesses acceleration.

p>
^is decreasing so v is decreasing, a is negative

i.e., line bending towards time axis represents decreasing velocity of the particle. It means
0 >T the particle possesses retardation.

p>
^ constant but > 90 so u will be constant but negative

i.e., line with negative slope represent that particle returns towards the point of reference,

0 {negative displacement).

p>

Straight line segments of different slopes represent that velocity of the body changes after
certain interval of time.
0 LL^. j
S
P'
This graph shows that at one instant the particle has two positions, which is not possible.
>T
0

p
The graph shows that pe xle coming towards origin initially and after that it is moving away
from origin.

0
 72 Motion in One Dimension

here A^ and A2 axe area of triangle 1 and 2 respectively and

r/ote: ? If the graph is plotted between distance and
A3 is the area of trapezium .
time then it is always an increasing
curve and it never comes back towards Calculation of Acceleration : Let AB is a velocity-time
origin because distance never decrease graph for any moving particle
with time. Hence such type of distance
time graph is valid up to point A only,
after point A, it is not valid as shown in o Time
the figure. Fig. 2.9
Velocity-time Graph
The graph is plotted by taking time t along x-axis and
velocity of the particle on y-axis.
Calculation of Distance and displacement : The area
O k h
covered between the velocity time graph and time axis gives the
Time >
displacement and distance travelled by the body for a given time
interval. Fig. 2.11
Total distance = | Ax \ +1 A2 \ + \ A3 \
Change in velocity
= Addition of modulus of different area. i.e. s = J | v \ dt As Acceleration =
Time taken
Total displacement = A^+A2 + A3
...(0
= Addition of different area considering their sign,
h-h
i.e. r = jvdt
BC AD
Area above time axis is taken as positive, while area below From triangle ABC, tan 6 =
AC~ AC
time axis is taken as negative

By comparing (i) and (ii)

Acceleration (a) = tan^

It is clear that slope of tangent on velocity-time graph represents
the acceleration of the particle.
Fig. 2.10

Table 2.4 : Various velocity -time graphs and their interpretation

6 = 0, a = 0, o = c^nstant

i.e., line parallel to time axis represents that the particle is moving with constant
velocity.

o ••••~^>

6 = 90, a = oo, v = increasing

8' i.e., line perpendicular to time axis represents that the particle is increasing its
y velocity, but time does not change. It means the particle possesses infinite
acceleration. Practically it is not possible.
O
~ime

6 — constant, so a = constant and v is increasing uniformly with time

1
/
i.e., line with constant slope represents uniform acceleration of the particle.

o Time
 Motion In One

ff 8 increasing so acceleration increasing

i.e., line bending towards velocity axis represent the increasing acceleration in the
o Time body.

^ decreasing so acceleration decreasing

i.e. line bending towards time axis represents the decreasing acceleration in the
O Time body

Positive constant acceleration because 8 is constant and < 90 but initial velocity
qf the particle is negative.
O
Time

Positive constant acceleration because 8 is constant and < 90 but initial velocity
of particle is positive.
0 Time

Negative constant acceleration because 8 is constant and > 90 but initial velocity
of the particle is positive.
O
\
Time

Negative constant acceleration because 8 is constant and > 90 but initial velocity
of the particle is zero.
O Time

3f
31 Negative constant acceleration because 8 is constant and > 90 but initial velocity

o of the particle is negative.

Time
 74 Notion In ©^^e

Now to find the velocity of a moving object relative to

Equation of Kinematics
another moving object, consider a particle P whose position
These are the various relations between u, u, a, t and s for the
relative to frame S is rPS while relative to S' is rPS,.
particle moving with uniform acceleration where the notations are
used as: If the position of frame S' relative to S at any time is rss

u = Initial velocity of the particle at time t = 0 sec then from figure, rps = rPS, + rs,s
v = Final velocity at time t sec
Differentiating this equation with respect to time
a = Acceleration of the particle
rps _ ^rp^ j_ "rss
s = Distance travelled in time t sec dt dt dt
sn = Distance travelled by the body in nth sec
or uPS = uPS. + us.s [as v =dr/dt]
(1) When particle moves with zero acceleration
or uPS. = vps - vs,s
(1)It is a unidirectional motion with constant speed.
(2) General Formula : The relative velocity of a particle Px
(ii) Magnitude of displacement is always equal to the
moving with velocity vx with respect to another particle P2 moving
distance travelled.
with velocity u2 is given by, uri2 = v^ - v2
(iii) v = u, s = ut [Asa = 0]

(2)When particle moves with constant acceleration

(i) Acceleration is said to be constant when both the v2

magnitude and direction of acceleration remain constant.

(ii) There will be one dimensional motion if initial

Fig. 2.13Pi
velocity and acceleration are parallel or anti-parallel to each
other.
(i) If both the particles are moving in the same direction then:
(iii) Equations of motion Equation of motion

(in scalar form) (in vector form) vri2 =v1-v2

v = u + at v = u + dt (ii) If the two particles are moving in the opposite direction,

then:
- -* ! -a
s = ut +—at2 s^ut + -at

v2 = u2 + 2os u.v — u.u = 2a.s (iii) If the two particles are moving in the mutually
perpendicular directions, then:
S=( 2 ) s — (u + v)t

sn=u+|(2n-l) (iv) If the angle between U^and v2 be 0, then

Vrl2 = ^f + V2 ~
Relative Velocity
(1) Introduction : When we consider the motion of a (3) Relative velocity of satellite : If a satellite is moving

particle, we assume a fixed point relative to which the given — and a point on the surface of
in equatorial plane with velocity vs
particle is in motion. For example, if we say that water is flowing or
—>
wind is blowing or a person is running with a speed v, we mean earth with ve relative to the centre of earth, the velocity of satellite

that these all are relative to the earth (which we have assumed to relative to the surface of earth

be fixed).V
y' P
^se =Vs~Ve

So if the satellite moves from west to east (in the direction of

rPS'
7ps. / rotation of earth on its axis) its velocity relative to earth's surface
X' will be vse=us- ve
S'
TS'S And if the satellite moves from east to west, i.e., opposite to
X
the motion of earth, vse=vs~ (-ve )-v +ve
Fig. 2.12
I (4) Relative velocity of rain : If rain is falling vertically Here
Motion In One Dimension 75

OAB is the triangle of vectors, in which

with a velocity vR and an observer is moving horizontally with OA = vm,AB = vr. Their resultant is given by OB=v. The

—> direction of swimming makes angle 9 with upstream. From the

speed uM the velocity of rain relative to observer will be
triangle OBA, we find,
~rm = Vr-m
vv
cos 0=—L- Also sina=——
which by law of vector addition has magnitude ^r,Vm

Where a is the angle made by the direction of swimming

with the shortest distance (OB) across the river.

direction 6 = tan~l{uM /uR) with the vertical as shown in fig. Time taken to cross the river : If w be the width of the river,
then time taken to cross the river will be given by

(ii) To cross the river in shortest possible time : The man

should swim perpendicular to the bank.

The time taken to cross the river will be:

So inorder to save himself from wetting person should hold

umbrella at angle ^with vertical.

(5) Relative velocity of swimmer : If a man can swim

—>
relative to water with velocity v and water is flowing relative to

ground with velocity vR , velocity of man relative to ground vM

will be given by:

----> - - Fig. 2.16

v =vM-vR, i.e., vM =v + vR

So if the swimming is in the direction of flow of water, In this case, the man will touch the opposite bank at a
distance AB down stream. This distance will be given by:
vM = v + v R

And if the swimming is opposite to the flow of water, AB = vrt2 =vr —

vM=v-vR

or
(6) Crossing the river : Suppose, the river is flowing with
velocity vr . A man can swim in still water with velocity vm . He is
Motion of Body Under Gravity (Free Fall)
standing on one bank of the river and wants to cross the river, two
cases arise. The force of attraction of earth on bodies, is called force
of gravity. Acceleration produced in the body by the force of
(i) To cross the river over shortest distance : That is to cross
gravity, is called acceleration due to gravity. It is represented
the river straight, the man should swim making angie 0 with the
by the symbol g.
upstream as shown.
In the absence of air resistance, it is found that all bodies
A vr B
(irrespective of the size, weight or composition) fall with the same

I
w v
^ —>
r
acceleration near the surface of the earth. This motion of a body
falling towards the earth from a small altitude (h << R) is called
free fall.
\e a
s An ideal example of one-dimensional motion is motion
Upstream O Downstream under gravity in which air resistance and the small changes in
Fig. 2.15 acceleration with height are neglected.
 76 Motion In One Dimension

(1) If a body is dropped from some height (initial

velocity zero)
(3) If a body is projected vertically upward
(i) Equation of motion : Taking initial position as origin and
1
direction of motion (i.e., vertically up) as positive
(i) Equations of motion : Taking initial position as origin and
direction of motion (i.e., downward direction) as a positive, here a = -g [As acceleration is downwards while motion upwards]
we have So, if the body is projected with velocity u and after time t it
reaches up to height h then

v = u-gt;h = ut—gt2;v2 =u2 -2gh;hn =u-—(2n-l)

(ii) For maximum height v = 0

So from above equation u = gt,

,_1^2

and2 = v=0

Fig. 2.17

u = 0[As body starts from rest]

a = +g [As acceleration is in the direction of motion]
v = gt...(i)

v2=2gh ...(ill)

hn=|(2n-l) Fig. 2.19

(iii) Graph of displacement, velocity and acceleration with
(ii) Graph of distance, velocity and acceleration with respect
respect to time (for maximum height) :
to time :
(u2/2g) +v

(2u/g)
O -^ t
g

O O (u/g)
O
O
Fig. 2.18
+a
(iii) As h = (H2)gf-, i.e., h ^ f, distance covered in time t,
2t, 3t, etc., will be in the ratio of I2: 22: 32, i.e., square of integers.
O -> t
(iv) The distance covered in the nth sec, hn = — g (2n -1)
-9
So distance covered in 1st, 2nd, 3rd sec, etc., will be in the
ratio of 1 : 3 : 5, i.e., odd integers only. Fig. 2.20
(2) If a body is projected vertically downward with
It is clear that both quantities do not depend upon the mass
some initial velocity
of the body or we can say that in absence of air resistance, all
Equation of motion : v = u + gt bodies fall on the surface of the earth with the same rate.

\^ (4) The motion is independent of the mass of the body, as in

any equation of motion, mass is not involved. That is why a heavy
and light body when released from the same height, reach the
V2=u2+2gh
ground simultaneously and with same velocity i.e., t = J{2h/g)

and v - J2gh .
 Motion In One Dimension 77

(5) In cas^ of motion under gravity, time taken to go up is

equal to the tim^fe taken to fall down through the same distance.
Time of descent /(t2) = time of ascent (tx) = u/g
Tips & Tricks

;. Total time of flight T = tx + t2 = —

//9
MS During translational motion of the body, there is change in
j (6) In case of motion under gravity, the speed with which a
the location of the body.
bpdy is projected up is equal to the speed with which it comes back to
tne point of projection. MS During rotational motion of the body, there is change in the
orientation of the body, while there is no change in the location
As well as the magnitude of velocity at any point on the path is
of the body from the axis of rotation.
same whether the body is moving in upwards or downward direction.

| (7) A body is thrown vertically upwards. If air resistance is to MS A point object is just a mathematical point. This concept is

be taken into account, then the time of ascent is less than the time introduced to study the motion of a body in a simple rpanner.
of descent. t2 > tx
MS The choice of the origin is pur^js^ arbitrary.
Let u is the initial velocity of body then time of ascent
MS For one cjimensional motion the angle between
u, u2
U= and h = acceleration and velocity is either 0 or 180^ and it does not
g+a 2(g + a) change with time.i

where g is acceleration due to gravity and a is retardation by MS For two dimensional motion, the angle^ between
air resistance and for upward motion both will work vertically
acceleration and velocity is other than 0 or 180 land also it
downward.
may change with time.'
For downward motion a and g will work ip opposite
MS If the angle between d and v is 90, the path of ^ki^60l^^.
direction because a always work in direction opposite to motion
is a circle.;;
and g always works vertically do^nward.
MS The particle speed up, that is the speed of, the particle
So h =
increases when the angle bet^een a and v lies between 0" and
+90./|
MS The particle speeds down, that is the speed of the particle

decreases, when the angle ^etween d and v lies between +90

and 180./\
=> to =
l(9 + a)(g-a) Ii
MS The speed of the particle remains constant when the angle
Comparing tx and t2 we can say that t2 > tx between a and v is equbl to 90.

since (g + a ) > (g - a) MS The distance cove^ed by a particle never; decreases with

time, it always increases.

(i) If acceleration is a function of time MS Displacement of a particle is the unique path between the
initial and final positions ,of the particle. It maiy or may not be
a = f{t) then v = u + jtQf(t)dt the actually travelled path of the particle.

MS Displacement of a, particle gives no information regarding

and s = ut + jt[\f(t)dt)dt
the nature of the path followed by the particle.
/ ,/
(ii) If acceleration is a function of distance MS Magnitude of displacement < Distance jbovered.

a = f(x) then u2 = u2 + 2f" f(x)dx MS Since distance > | Displacement |, so average speed of a
body is equal or greater than the magnitude of the average

(iii) If acceleration is a function of velocity velocity of the body.

MS The average speed of a body is equal to its instantaneous

a=f(v) then t = —— and x = x0 + ——
J" f(v)J" f(v) speed if the body moves with a constant speed
USlVtRSALI
BOOK K?GT 1960
MS No force is required to move the body or an object with MS If a body starts from rest and moves with uniform
uniform velocity. acceleration then distance covered by the body in t sec is
MS Velocity of the body is positive, if it moves to the right side proportional to f (i.e. s <^ t2).
of the origin. Velocity is negative if the body moves to the left
So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in 1 sec,
side of the origin.
MS When a body reverses its direction of motion while moving 2 sec and 3 sec is I2 :22 :32 or 1 : 4 : 9.

along a straight line, then the distance travelled by the body is

MS If a body starts from rest and moves with uniform
greater than the magnitude of the displacement of the body. In
acceleration then distance covered by the body in nth sec is
this case, average speed of the body is greater than its average
proportional to f2n-l) {i.e. sn <*= (2n -1))
velocity.
MS Speedometer measures the instantaneous speed of a
So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in 1st, 2nd and
vehicle.
3rd is 1 : 3 : 5.
MS When particle moves with speed vx upto half time of its
total motion and in rest ^me H is moving with speed v2 then MS A body moving with a velocity u is stopped by

application of brakes after covering a distance s. If the same

body moves with velocity nu and same braking force is

.MS When particle moves the first half of a distance at a speed applied on it then it will come to rest after covering a
of vx and second half of the distance at speed u2 then distance of n2s.

2
As v2 =u2-2as => 0 = u2-2as => s = —, su2
2a
MS When particle covers one-third distance at speed vv next
[since a is constant]
one third at speed v2 and last one third at speed u3, then
So we can say that if u becomes n times then s becomes n2
u —
times that of previous value.
MS For two particles having displacement time graph with
MS The body returns to its point of projection with the same
slopes $x and ^ possesses velocities vx and u2 respectively then
magnitude of the velocity with which it was thrown vertically
Vi _ tan ^^^
upward, provided air resistance is neglected.
\>2 tan $2

MS Velocity of a particle having uniform motion = slope of MS All bodies fall freely with the same acceleration.
displacement-time graph.
MS The acceleration of the falling bodies do not depend on ^^^e
MS Greater the slope of displacement-time graph, greater is the
mass of the body.
velocity and vice-versa.
mS Area under v-t graph = displacement of the particle. MS If two bodies are dropped from the same height, they reach
MS Slope of velocity-time graph = acceleration. the ground in the same time and with the same velocity.
MS if a particle is accelerated for a time tx with acceleration ax
MS If a body is thrown upwards with velocity u from the top of
and for time t2 with acceleration a2 then average acceleration is
a tower and another body is thrown downwards from the same
a ^ 01*1+02*2
point and with the same velocity, then b^^i reach the ground

with the same speed.

MS If same force is applied on two bodies of different masses

n^ and m2 separately then it produces accelerations C^ and MS When a particle returns to the starting point, its average

a2 respectively. Now these bodies are attached together and velocity is zero but the average speed is not zero.

form a combined system and same force is applied on that MS If both the objects A and ||^nove along parallel lines in
system so that a be the acceleration of the combined system,
the same direction, then the relative velocity of A w.r.t. B is
then
given by v^^ uA - uB

a{ +a2 and the relative velocity of B w.r.t. A is given by vBA= uB - vA

 h the objects A and ^ move along parallel lines in the
opposite direction, then the relative velocity of A w.r.t. B is given
b^ V/vb = VA- (- UB) = VA + yB

and the relative velocity of B w.r.t. A is given by v^ = - uB - uA jective Questions

j^" Suppose a body is projected upwards from the ground Distance and Displacement
with the velocity u. It is assumed that the friction of the air is
The three initial and final position of a man on the x - axis
negligible. The characteristics of motion of such a body are as are given as
follows. (i) (-8m, 7m)(ii) (7m,-3m) and

0) The maximum height attained = H = u2/2g. (iii) (-7m, 3m)

(ii) Time taken to go up (ascent) = Time taken to come down Which pair gives the negative displacement [DUMET 2009]

(descent) ~ t = u/g.
(a) (i) \(b) (ii)
(c) (iii) \(d) (i) and (iii)
(iii) Time of flight T = 2t = 2u/g. The displacement of a body along x-axis depends on time
as Vx = t +1\ Then the velocity of body [Odisha JEE 2011]
(iv) The speed of the body on returning to the ground = speed
with which it was thrown upwards. (a) Increases with time(b) Decreases with time
(c) Independent of time (d) None of these
(v) When the height attained is not large, that is u is not large,
A person moves 30 m north and then 20 m towards east
the mass, the weight as well as the acceleration remain constant
and finally 30V2 m in south-west direction. The
with time. But its speed, velocity, momentum, potential energy displacement of the person from the origin will be
and kinetic energy change with time. [J & K CET 2004]
(a) 10 m along north(b) 10 m long south
(vi) Let m be the mass of the body. Then in going from the
(c) 10 m along west(d) Zero
ground to the highest point, following changes take place.
An aeroplane flies 400 m north and 300 m south and then
(a)Change in speed = u flies 1200 m upwards then net displacement is [KCET 1999;
JIPMER 1999; DCE 2000; AFMC 2003, 04]
(b)Change in velocity — u (a) 1200 m(b) 1300 m
(c)Change in momentum = tnu (c) 1400 m(d) 1500 m
An athlete completes one round of a circular track of radius
(d)Change in kinetic energy = Change in potential energy R in 40 sec. What will be his displacement at the end of
(1/2) mu2. 2 min. 20 sec[Kerala PMT 2004]
(a) Zero(b) 2R
(vii) On return to the ground the changes in these quantities are
(c) 2tH(d) 7/rf?
as follows
A graph is drawn between velocity and time for the motion
(a)Change in speed = 0 of a particle. The area under the curve between the time
intervals tx and t2 gives[Kerala PMT 2010, 11]
(b)Change in velocity = 2u
(a)Momentum of the particle
(c)Change in momentum - 2mu (b)Displacement of the particle
(c)Acceleration of the particle
(d)Change in kinetic energy = Change in potential energy = 0
(d)Change in velocity of the particle
(viii) If, the friction of air be taken into account, then the motion (e)Force on the particle
of the object thrown upwards will have the following properties A cyclist starts from the centre O of a circular park of radius
one kilometre, reaches the edge P of the park, then cycles
(a)Time taken to go up (ascent) < time taken to come down
along the circumference and returns to the centre along QO
(descent) as shown in the figure. If the round trip takes ten minutes,
the net displacement and average speed of the cyclist (in
(b)The speed of the object on returning to the ground is less metre and kilometre per hour) is[KCET 2006]
than the initial speed. Same is true for velocity (magnitude),
(a) 0,1Q
momentum (magnitude) and kinetic energy.

(c)Maximum height attained is less than tf/2g.

(d)A part of the kinetic energy is used up in overcoming the

friction.
 80 Motion In One Dimension

7. A car travels half the distance with constant velocity of 40

Uniform Motion kmph and the remaining half with a constant velocity of 60
kmph. The average velocity of the car in kmph is
A body is moving along a straight line path with constant
[Manipal MEE 1995; AFMC 1998;
velocity. At an instant of time the distance travelled by it is S
MP PMT 1999; CPMT 2002; Kerala PMT 2005, 10]
and its displacement is D, then[J & K CET 2008]
(a) 40(b) 45
(a) D<S(b) D>S (c) 48(d) 50
(c) D = S(d) D<S 8. Two boys are standing at the errds A and B of a ground
where AB = a. The boy at B starts running in a direction
The displacement-time graph for two particles A and B are
perpendicular to AB with velocity U^. The boy at A starts
straight lines inclined at angles of 30 and 60 with the
running simultaneously with velocity v and catches the
time axis. The ratio of velocities of VA : V^ is other boy in a time t, where t is[CBSE PMT 2005]

[MP PET 1999, 2001; Pb. PET 2003] (a) a/^v2+v2(b) yjd2/(v2-vf)

(a) 1:2(b) 1:V3 (c) a/(v — Vi)(d) a/(v + V^)

(c) V3:l(d) 1:3 9. Which of the following is a one dimensional motion

[BHU 2000; CBSE PMT 2001]

A bullet emerges from a barrel of length 1.2 m with a speed
(a)Landing of an aircraft
of 640 ms'1. Assuming constant acceleration, the (b)Earth revolving around the sun

approximate time that it spends in the barrel after the gun is (c)Motion of wheels of moving train

fired is[WB-JEE 2008] (d)Train running on a straight track

10. A 150 m long train is moving with a uniform velocity of 45

(a) 4 ms(b) 40 ms
km/h. The time taken by the train to cross a bridge of length
(c) 400jus(d) Is 850 m is[CBSE PMT 2001; BHU 2004]
A car moves a distance of 200m. It covers first half of the distance (a) 56 sec(b) 68 sec
at speed 60/cmfT1 and the second half at speed v. If the average (c) 80 sec(d) 92 sec
11. A particle is constrained to move on a straight line path. It
speed is 40/cmfT1, the value of v is [Kerala PET 2011]
returns to the starting point after 10 sec. The total distance
(a) 30 kmh-1(b) 13 kmh'1 covered by the particle during this time is 30 m. Which of
the following statements about the motion of the particle is
(c) 60 kmh'1(d) 40 kmh'1 false[CBSE PMT 2000; AFMC 2001]
(a)Displacement of the particle is zero
(e) 20 kmh-1
(b)Average speed of the particle is 3 m/s
A cat moves from X to Y with a uniform speed uu and (c)Displacement of the particle is 30 m

returns to X with a uniform speed vd . The average speed for (d)Both (a) and (b)
12. A particle moves along a semicircle of radius 10m in 5
this round trip is[MP PMT 2001;
seconds. The average velocity of the particle is
CBSE PMT 2007; CBSE PMT (Mains) 2011] [Kerala (Engg.) 2001]

(a) -^-(b) J^Td (a) 2n ms'1(b) 4;r ms'1

(c) 2 ms' (d) 4 ms -l

(c) (d) 13. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market
2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km/h. Finding the market
6. A particle moves for 20 seconds with velocity 3 m/s and then closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed
of 7.5 km/h. The average speed of the man over the interval
velocity 4 m/s for another 20 seconds and finally moves with
of time 0 to 40 min. is equal to [AMU (Med.) 2002]
velocity 5 m/s for next 20 seconds. What is the average
25
velocity oftthe particle[MH CET 2004] (a) 5 km/h(b) km/h
(a) 3 m/s(b) 4 m/s 45 l. iu
(c) ^ km/h — km/h
(d)
(c) 5 m/s(d) Zero 8
 Motion In One Dimension 8

14. The numerical ratio of displacement to the distance covered

Non-uniform Motion
is always[PET 2002; BHU 2004]

(a)Less than one A particle has an initial velocity of 3i + 4; and an acceleration

(b)Equal to one of 0.4f + 0.3j . Its speed after 10 s is

(c)Equal to or less than one [AIEEE 2009; CBSE PMT 2010, 12]
(a) 10 units(b) 7^/2 units
(d)Equal to or greater than one
(c) 7 units(d) 8.5 units
15. A person travels along a straight road for the first half time
A particle starts its motion from rest under the action of a
with a velocity u^ and the next half time with a velocity v2 •
constant force. If the distance covered in first 10 seconds is
The mean velocity V of the man is S^ and that covered in the first 20 seconds is S2, then

[RPET 1996. 99; BHU 2002; MP PET 2009] [Kerala PMT 2007; CBSE PMT 2009; MP PET 2011;
KCET 2012]
(b) t/ = (a) S2 = 2S!(b) S2=3Sj
V vx u2
(c) 52=4^(d) S2=S^
A particle moves along a straight line OX. At a time t (in
(c) V =
seconds) the distance x (in metres) of the particle from O is
given by x = 40 + 12t -t3
16. If a car covers 2/5th of the total distance with v1 speed and
How long would the particle travel before coming to rest
3/5^ distance with v2 then average speed is [MP PMT 2003]
[AFMC 2006; WB-JEE 2012]
(a) 24 m(b) 40 m
(a) \^^ (b)
v1 +u2
(c) 56 m(d) 16 m
2
A particle moves in a straight line with a constant
5vxv2 acceleration. It changes its velocity from 10 ms'1 to 20 ms'1
(c) (d) 3u^ + 2u2
+v2 while passing through a distance 135 m in t second. The
value of t is[CBSE PMT 2008]
17. Which of the following options is correct for the object
having a straight line motion represented by the following (a) 12(b) 9
(c) 10(d) 1.8
graph[DCE 2004]
The distance travelled by a particle starting from rest and

moving with an acceleration — ms 2, in the third second is

[MP PMT 1996; CBSE PMT 2008]

/ ^ 10 /UN 19
(a) — m (b) -m
3
(c) 6 m(d) 4 m
A particle starts from rest at t = 0 and moves in a straight
O
line with an acceleration as shown below. The velocity of
the particle at t = 3 s is[Kerala PET 2008]
(a)The object moves with constantly increasing velocity
from O to A and then it moves with constant velocity.
E +4
(b)Velocity of the object increases uniformly

(c)Average velocity is zero 12 3 4-^Time(s)

(d)The graph shown is impossible

18. Preeti reached the metro station and found that the escalator 2 ms^1 4 ms l
(a) (b)
was not working. She walked up the stationary escalator in
(c) 6 ms"1 (d) 8 ms"1
time tx. On other days, if she remains stationary on the
(e) lms "1
moving escalator, then the escalator takes her up in time t2.
The acceleration a of a particle starting from rest varies with
The time taken by her to walk up on the moving escalator time according to relation a = at + fi. The velocity of the
will be [NEET 2017]
particle after a time t will be [DCE 2009]

(b) 2 ^

(at2 + ft)
(c) (d) U-U (c) (d)
 82 Motion In One Dimension

y moves for a total of nine second starting from rest

with uniform acceleration and then with uniform retardation,
15.A body starting from rest moves with constant acceleration.
The ratio of distance covered by the body during the 5th sec
I
which is twice the value of acceleration and then stops. The to that covered in 5 sec is[Kerala PET 2005]
duration of uniform acceleration[RPMT 2005]
(a) 9/25(b) 3/5
(a) 3 s(b) 4.5 s (c) 25/9(d) 1/25
(c) 5 s(d) 6 s 16.A bus begins to move with an acceleration of lms~2. A man
9. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly to a speed of
who is 48m behind the bus starts running at 10ms"1 to
180 kmh'1 in 10 seconds. The distance covered by the car in
catch the bus. The man will be able to catch the bus after
this time interval is[Kerala PMT 2009]
[Kerala PET 2011; AMU (Med.) 2012]
(a) 500 m(b) 250 m
(a) 6s(b) 5s
(c) 100 m(d) 200 m
(c) 3s(d) 7s
(e) 150 m
The relation between time and distance is t = ox2 + ^^x ,
(e) 8s
10.
17.A man is 45 m behind the bus when the bus start
where a and J3 axe constants. The retardation is
accelerating from rest with acceleration 2.5 mis2. With what
[AIEEE 2005; BCECE 2006; MP PET 2012] minimum velocity should the man start running to catch the
(a) 2u3(b) 2^v3 bus[KCET 2003; J & K CET 2005]

(c) 2ce/3v3(d) 2j32v3 (a) 12 m/s(b) 14 mis

11. You drive a car at a speed of 70 kmlhr in a straight road for (c) 15 m/s(d) 16 m/s
8.4 km, and then the car runs out of petrol. You walk for 30 19. A bullet fired into a fixed target loses half of its velocity after
min to reach a petrol pump at a distance of 2 km. The penetrating 3 cm. How much further it will penetrate before
average velocity from the beginning of your drive till you coming to rest assuming that it faces constant resistance to
reach the petrol pump is[DUMET 2009] motion[AIEEE 2005]
(a) 16.8 kmlhr(b) 35 kmlhr (a) 1.5 cm(b) 1.0 cm
(c) 64 kmlhr(d) 18.6 km/hr (c) 3.0 cm(d) 2.0 cm
12. A particle of unit mass undergoes one-dimensional -nuiu n
19.The velocity of a body depends on time according to the
such that its velocity varies according to u{x) = bx~2"
equation u = 20 + O.lt2. The body is undergoing
Where fa and n are constants and x is the position of the
[MNR 1995; UPSEAT 2000]
particle. The acceleration of the particles as function of x, is
(a)Uniform acceleration
given by[AIPMT (Cancelled) 2015]
(b)Uniform retardation
(a) -2nb2x-An~l(b) -2b2x-2n+1
(c)Non-uniform acceleration
(c) -2nb2e^n+1(d) -2nfa2x-2n"1
(d)Zero acceleration
13. The velocity-time graph for two bodies A and B are shown.
Then the acceleration of A and B are in the ratio 20.If a particle moves with an acceleration, then which of the
following can remain constant[J & K CET 2012]
[KCET 2015]
(a)Both speed and velocity

Velocity (b)Neither speed nor velocity

(c)Only the velocity

(d)Only the speed

21.A person throws balls into air vertically upward in regular

Time
intervals of time of one second. The next ball is thrown
(a) tan 25 to tan 50(b) cos 25 to cos 50 when the velocity of the ball thrown earlier becomes zero.
(c) tan 25 to tan 40(d) sin 25 to sin 50 The height to which the balls rise is ...[KCET 2012]
14. What determines the nature of the path followed by the (Assume, g = 10ms~2)
particle[AFMC 2005]

(a) Speed(b) Velocity (a) 5 m(b) 10 m

(c) Acceleration(d) Both (b) and (c) (c) 7.5m(d) 20m
I
22. If the velocity of a particle is u = At + Bt2, where A and B 29. The
Motion In One Dimension 8

displacement of a particle is given by

are constants, then the distance travelled by it between Is The initial velocity and acceleration
and 2s is[NEET (Phase-I) 2016] are respectively [MP PET 1996; CPMT 1999, 2003;
Pb. PET 2004; J & K CET 2005;
(a) | (b) 3A + 7B
RPMT 2006; WB-JEE 2008; AMU (Engg.) 2012]
(a) b,-4d(b) -b,2c
(0 |a+| (d) — + —
2 3 (c) b,2c(d) 2c,-4d
23.A car, starting from rest, accelerates at the rate / through a
30. A car moving with a speed of 40 km/h can be stopped by
distance S, then continues at constant speed for time t and
applying brakes after atleast 2 m. If the same car is moving
then decelerates at the rate • to come to rest. If the total with a speed of 80 km/h, what is the minimum stopping
distance[CBSE PMT 1998, 99; AFMC 2000;
distance traversed is 15 S, then [AIEEE 2005; ARMS 2008]
JIPMER 2001, 02; AIEEE 2002, 03, 04]
(a) S = -^2(b) S = -ft2
24 (a) 8 m(b) 2 m

(c) s=-ft2(d) s=\^2 (c) 4 m(d) 6 m

31. A ball is hung by a string from the ceiling of a car moving on
24.The displacement x of a particle varies with time t, a straight and smooth road. If the string is inclined towards
* = ^e~at + be^^t, where a,b,a and J3 are positive constants. the front side of the car making a small constant angle with
the vertical, then the car is moving with [Kerala PET 2012]
The velocity of the particle will
(a) Constant velocity(b) Constant acceleration
[CBSE PMT 2005; BHU 2006]
(a)Go on decreasing with time (c) Constant retardation (d) Increasing acceleration

(b)Be independent of a and f3 (e) Decreasing retardation

32. The path of a particle moving under the influence of a force
(c)Drop to zero when a = {3
fixed in magnitude and direction is[MP PET 2002]
(d)Go on increasing with time
(a) Straight line(b) Circle
25.A body moves in a plane so that the displacements along
(c) Parabola(d) Ellipse
the x and y axes are given by x = 3t3 and y = 4t3. The
33. Two trains A and B each of length 400 m are moving on
velocity of the body is[Odisha JEE 2012]
two parallel tracks in the same direction (with A ahead of B)
(a) 9t (b) 151 with same speed 72km/h. The driver of B decides to
(c) 1512(d) 2512 overtake A and accelerates by lm/s2. If after 50 s, B just

26.The motion of a particle along a straight line is described by brushes past A, calculate the original distance between A
equation : and B[AMU (Engg.) 2012]
x = 8 + 12t-t3 (a) 750 m(b). 1000 m
where x is in metre and t in second. The retardation of the (c) 1250 m(d) 2250 m
particle when its velocity becomes zero, is
34. An object moving with a speed of 6.25 m/s, is decelerated
[CBSE PMT (Pre.) 2012]
at a rate given by —— = -2.5-\/^ where v is the
(a) 24ms~2(b) Zero
dt
(c) 6ms"2(d) 12ms-2 instantaneous speed. The time taken by the object, to come

27.The velocity of a particle is v = v0 + gt + ft2. If its position is to rest, would be[AIEEE 2011]

x = 0 at t = 0, then its displacement after unit time (t = 1) (a) Is(b) 2s

is[AIEEE 2007] (c) 4s(d) 8s

(a) uo+2g + 3/ (b) uo+g/2 + //3 35. A boggy of uniformly moving train is suddenly detached
from train and stops after covering some distance. The
(c) vo + g + f(d) Vo+g/2 + f
distance covered by the boggy and distance covered by the
28.A body moves with initial velocity 10ms-1. If it covers a train in the same time has relation [RPET 1997]
distance of 20m in 2s, then acceleration of the body is (a)Both will be equal
[Odisha JEE 2011] (b)First will be half of second
(a) Zero(b) lOms^2 (c)First will be 1/4 of second
(c) 5ms"2(d) 2ms-2 (d)No definite ratio
 84 Motion In One Dimension

y starts from rest. What is the ratio of the distance 42. The position of a particle x (in meters) at a time seconds is
1
travelled by the body during the 4th and 3rd second given by the relation r =(3t^-t2j+ 4k). Calculate the

[MP PET 2007] magnitude of velocity of the particle after 5 seconds

[AMU (Engg.) 2010]
(b)
(a) 3.55(b) 5.03
(c) 8.75(d) 10.44
(d)
43. A particle moves a distance x in time according to
37.The acceleration 'a' in m/s2 of a particle is given by equation x = ( + 5)"1. The acceleration of particle is
a = 3t2 +2t + 2 where is the time. If the particle starts
proportional to[CBSE PMT 2010; Pb. PMT 2011]
out with a velocity u = 2m/s at = 0, then the velocity at
(a) (velocity)273(b) (velocity)372
the end of 2 second is
(c) (distance)2(d) (distance)"2
(a) 12 m/s(b) 18 m/s
44. The engine of a motorcycle can produce a maximum
(c) 27 m/s(d) 36 m/s
acceleration 5 m/^. Its brakes can produce a maximum
38.A particle moves alonga straight line such that its
retardation 10 m/^. What is the minimum time in which it
displacement at any time is given by
can cover a distance of 1.5 km[Pb. PMT 2002]
S = 3 -62 +3 + 4 metres
(a) 30 sec(b) 15 sec
The velocity when the acceleration is zero is (c) 10 sec(d) 5 sec
[CBSE PMT 1997; BHU 1999; DPMT 2000; KCET 2000; 45. A truck and a car are moving with equal velocity. On
JIPMER 2001, 02; AMU (Engg.) 2009; WB-JEE 2013] applying the brakes both will stop after certain distance, then
(a) 3ms"1(b) -12ms-1
[CPMT 1997]
(c) 42 ms"1(d) -9 ms"1 (a)Truck will cover less distance before rest

39.For a moving body at any instant of time (b)Car will cover less distance before rest

[NTSE 1995; DCE 2006] (c)Both will cover equal distance

(a)If the body is not moving, the acceleration is neo^^r^ (d)None

If the velocity of a particle is given by v = (180-16x)1/2
zero 16.
(b)If the body is slowing, the retardation is negativ m/s, then its acceleration will be

(c)If the body is slowing, the distance is negative [J & K CET 2004; Odisha JEE 2012]
(a) Zero(b) 8 m/s2
(d)If displacement, velocity and acceleration at that instant
(c). -8 m/s2(d) 4 m/s2
are known, we can find the displacement at any given
47. An object accelerates from rest to a velocity 27.5 m/s in 10
time in future
sec then find distance covered by object in next 10 sec
40.Select the incorrect statements from the following
[BCECE 2004]
51: Average velocity is path length divided by time
(a) 550 m(b) 137.5 m
interval
(c) 412.5 m(d) 275 m
52: In general, speed is greater than the magnitude of the
48. A car starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration a
velocity
on a straight road from time = 0 to = T. After that, a
53: A particle moving in a given direction with a non-zero
constant deceleration brings it to rest. In this process the
velocity can have zero speed
average speed of the car is[MP PMT 2004]
54: The magnitude of average velocity is the average
, ^ aT^„ , 3aT
speed[AMU (Med.) 2010] [a) 4 (b)
2
(a) S2andS3(b) SlandS4
,4 aT
(c) SI, S3 and S4(d) All four statements (d) aT

41.The position x of a particle with respect to time along x- A particle starts from rest, accelerates at 2 m/s1 for 10s and
49.
axis is given by x = 92 - 3 where x is in metres and in
then goes with constant speed for 30s and then decelerates
second. What will be the position of this particle when it
at 4 mis1 till it stops. What is the distance travelled by it
achieves maximum speed along the +x direction
[DCE 2001, 03; AIIMS 2002]
[CBSE PMT 2007]
(a) 32 m(b) 54 m (a) 750 m(b) 800 m
(c) 81m(d) 24 m (c) 700 m(d) 850 m
I
50. The motion of a particle is described by the equation
x = a + bt2 where a = 15 cm and b = 3 cm/s2. Its
58.
Motion In One Dimension 85

A body A moves with a uniform acceleration a and zero

initial velocity. Another body B, starts from the same point
instantaneous velocity at time 3 sec will be moves in the same direction with a constant velocity v . The

[RPMT 1999; AFMC 1999, 2006; BHU 2000; two bodies meet after a time t. The value of t is
AMU (Med.) 2000; CPMT 2001; Odisha JEE 2009] [MP PET 2003]
(a) 36 cm/sec(b) 18 cm/sec (a) ^(b) S.
(c) 16 cm/sec(d) 32 cm/sec aa

51. A body travels for 15 sec starting from rest with constant
acceleration. If it travels distances Sx, S2 and S3 in the first

five seconds, second five seconds and next five seconds 59. The average velocity of a body moving with uniform

respectively the relation between S^, S2 and S3 is acceleration travelling a distance of 3.06 m is 0.34 ms'1. If
the change in velocity of the body is 0.18 ms~l during this
[AMU (Engg.) 2000]
time, its uniform acceleration is [EAMCET (Med.) 2000]
(a) SX=S2= S3(b) 5S1 = 3S2 = S3
(a) O.Olms"2(b) 0.02 ms"2
1^ 1^ (c) 0.03 ms"2(d) 0.04 ms"2
(c) (d) S1=—S2= —
60. Equation of displacement for any particle is
52. Starting from rest, acceleration of a particle is a = 2(t — 1).
s = 3t3 + It2 + 14t + 8m . Its acceleration at time t = 1 sec is
The velocity of the particle at t = 5s is [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995; CBSE PMT 2000;
[RPET 2002; WB-JEE 2009] Kerala PET 2010]
(a) 15 mlsec(b) 25 m/sec (a) 10 m/s2(b) 16 m/s2
(c) 5 m/sec(d) None of these (c) 25 m/s2(d) 32 m/s2
53. A particle travels 10m in first 5 sec and 10m in next 3 sec. 61. The position of a particle moving along the x-axis at certain

Assuming constant acceleration what is the distance times is given below :

travelled in next 2 sec[RPET 2000] Ms) 0 1 2 3

(a) 8.3 m(b) 9.3 m
x(m) -2 0 6 16
Which of the following describes the motion correctly
(c) 10.3 m(d) None of above
[AMU (Engg.) 2001]
54. The distance travelled by a particle is proportional to the (a)Uniform, accelerated
squares of time, then the particle travels with (b)Uniform, decelerated
[RPET 1999; RPMT 2000] (c)Non-uniform, accelerated
(a) Uniform acceleration (b) Uniform velocity (d)There is not enough data for generalization

(c) Increasing acceleration (d) Decreasing velocity 62. Consider the acceleration, velocity and displacement of a
tennis ball as it falls to the ground and bounces back.
55. Acceleration of a particle changes when[RPMT 2000]
Directions of which of these changes in the process
(a)Direction of velocity changes
[AMU (Engg.) 2001]
(b)Magnitude of velocity changes (a)Velocity only
(c)Both of above (b)Displacement and velocity
(c)Acceleration, velocity and displacement
(d)Speed changes
(d)Displacement and acceleration
56. The motion of a particle is described by the equation
63. A body is moving with uniform acceleration describes 40 m
u = at. The distance travelled by the particle in the first 4
in the first 5 sec and 65 m in next 5 sec. Its initial velocity
seconds[DCE 2000]
will be[Pb. PET 2003]
(a) 4a(b) 12a (a) 4 m/s(b) 2.5 m/s
(c) 6a(d) 8a (c) 5.5 m/s(d) 11 m/s
The relation 3t = V^x + 6 describes the displacement of a 64. A body A starts from rest with an acceleration a^. After 2
57.
seconds, another body B starts from rest with an
particle in one direction where x is in metres and t in sec.
acceleration a2. If they travel equal distances in the 5th
The displacement, when velocity is zero, is
second, after the start of A, then the ratio a^ : a2 is equal to
[CPMT 2000; NEET (Karnataka) 2013]
[ARMS 2001]
(a) 24 metres(b) 12 metres (a) 5:9(b) 5 : 7
(c) 5 metres(d) Zero (c) 9:5(d) 9:7
 86 Motion In One Dimension

elocity of a bullet is reduced from 200m/s to lOOm/s A boat is sent across a river with a velocity of 8 km/hr. If the
while travelling through a wooden block of thickness 10cm. resultant velocity of boat is 10 km/hr, then velocity of the
The retardation, assuming it to be uniform, will be river is :[Pb. PET 2004; AMU (Engg.) 2012]
[ARMS 2001; RPMT 2006] (a) 10 km/hr(b) 8 km/hr
(a) lOxlO4 m/s2(b) 12xlO4 m/s2
(c) 6 km/hr(d) 4 km/hr
(c) 13.5xlO4 m/s2'(d) 15xlO4 m/s2
Two cars A and B are moving with same speed of 45 km/hr
66. Two cars P and Q start from a point at the same time in a
along same direction. If a third car C coming from the
straight line and their positions are represented by
opposite direction with a speed of 36 km/hr meets two cars
xp{t) = at + bt2 and xQ(t) = ft-t2. At what time do the cars
in an interval of 5 minutes, the distance of separation of two
have the same velocity [NEET (PhaseH) 2016]
cars A and B should be (in km)[Kerala PET 2008]
a-f
(b) (a) 6.75(b) 7.25
2(1 + b) l+b
(c) 5.55(d) 8.35
a+f a+f
(c) (d) (e) 4.75
2(1 + b) A train is moving slowly on a straight track with a constant
Relative Motion speed of 2 ms^1. A passenger in that train starts walking at a
Two trains, each 50 m long are travelling in opposite steady speed of 2 ms^ to the back of the train in the opposite
direction with velocity 10 m/s and 15 mis. The time of direction of the motion of the train. So to an observer standing
crossing is[CPMT 1996; BHU 1998; CPMT 1999; on the platform directly in front of that passenger, the velocity
JIPMER 2000; AMU (Med.) 2001; RPET 2001, 05; of the passenger appears to be[KCET 2010]
Kerala PET 2002; Kerala PMT 2008]
(a)4 ms"1
(a) 2s(b) 4 s
(b)2 ms-1
(c) 2V3s(d) 4V3s (c)2 ms^1 in the opposite direction of the train
Particle A moves along X-axis with a uniform velocity of (d)Zero
magnitude 10 mis. Particle B moves with uniform velocity
20 m/s along a direction making an angle of 60 with the
positive direction of X-axis as shown in figure, the relative
velocity of B with respect to that of A is [WB-JEE 2015]

In figure, one car is at rest and velocity of light from head light
is c, then velocity of light from head light for the moving car at
velocity u , would be[MP PMT 2009]
m/s
(a) c+v(b) c-v
(a)10 m/s along X-axis
(c) cxv(d). c
(b)10V3 m/s along Y-axis (perpendicular to X-axis)
9.A boat moves with a speed of 5 km/h relative to water in a
(c)10V5 along the bisection of the velocity of A and B river flowing with a speed of 3 km/h and having a width of 1

(d)30 m/s along negative X-axis km. The minimum time taken around a round trip is
A boat crosses a river from port A to port B , which are just [J & K CET 2005]
on the opposite side. The speed of the water is Vw and that (a) 5 min(b) 60 min
of boat is VB relative to still water. Assume VB = 2VW. (c) 20 min(d) 30 min
What is the time taken by the boat, if it has to cross the river 10.Two trains are moving with equal speed in opposite directions
directly on the AB line[DUMET2009] along two parallel railway tracks. If the wind is blowing with
2D,. , V3D speed u along the track so that the relative velocities of the
(a)
VBy[3 (b) 2VB trains with respect to the wind are in the ratio 1 : 2, then the

Da/2 speed of each train must be[Kerala PET 2007]

D
(c) (d) (a) 3u (b) 2u
(c) 5u(d) 4u
A police jeep is chasing with velocity of 45 km/h a thief in
another jeep moving with velocity 153 km/h. Police fires a 11.A river is flowing from W to E with a speed of 5 m/min. A
bullet with muzzle velocity of 180 m/s. The velocity with man can swim in still water with a velocity 10 m/min. In

which it will strike the car of the thief is[BHU 2003; which direction should the man swim so as to take the

CPMT 2004; RPMT 2006; AMU (Engg.) 2012] shortest possible path to go to the south.[BHU 2005]

(a) 150 m/s(b) 27 m/s (a) 30 with downstream (b) 60 with downstream

(c) 450 m/s(d) 250 m/s (c) 120 with downstream (d) South
I
12. A train is moving towards east and a car is along north, both
with same speed. The observed direction of car to the
19.
Motion In One Dime

Let F1(t) = 3tt+4t2j and r2(t) = 4t2i +3tj represent the

positions of particles 1 and 2, respectively as function of

passenger in the train is[J & K CET 2004] time t-J^t) and f2{t) are in meter and t in second. The
relative speed of the two particles at the instant t = Is, will
(a) East-north direction - (b) West-north direction
be[AMU (Med.) 2012]
(c) South-east direction (d) None of these
(a) lm/s(b) 3y[2m/s
13. An express train is moving with a velocity vv Its driver finds
another train is moving on the same track in the same
(c) 5V2m/s (d) 7>/2m/s
direction with velocity v2. To escape collision, driver applies 20. A person aiming to reach the exactly opposite point on the
a retardation a on the train, the minimum time of escaping bank of a stream is swimming with a speed of 0.5 m/s at an
collision will be[RPET 2002] angle of 120 with the direction of flow of water. The speed
of water in the stream is[CBSE PMT 1999]
-v. (a) lm/s(b) 0.5 m/s
t=
(c) 0.25 m/s(d) 0.433 m/s
(c) None(d) Both
21. A moves with 65 km/h while B is coming back of A with 80 km/h.
14. Two cars are mpving in the same direction with the same The relative velocity of B with respect to A is [AFMC 2000]
speed 30 km/hr. They are separated by a distance of 5 km,
(a) 80 km/h(b) 60 km/h
the speed of a car moving in the opposite direction if it
(c) 15 km/h(d) 145 km/h
meets these two cars at an interval of 4 minutes, will be
22. A thief is running away on a straight road on a jeep moving
(a) 40 km/hr(b) 45 km/hr with a speed of 9 m/s. A police man chases him on a motor

(c) 30 km/hr(d) 15 km/hr cycle moving at a speed of 10 m/s. If the instantaneous

separation of jeep from the motor cycle is 100 m, how long
15. A boat crosses a river with a velocity of 8 km/h. If the
will it take for the policemen to catch the thief
resulting velocity of boat is 10 km/h then the velocity of river
(a) 1 second(b) 19 second
water is[CPMT 2001]
(c) 90 second(d) 100 second
(a) 4 km/h(b) 6 km/h
23. A man can swim with velocity u relative to water. He has to
(c) 8 km/h(d) 10 km/h
cross a river of width d flowing with a velocity u (u > v). The
16. A police car moving on a highway at 30 km/h fires a bullet
distance through which he is carried down stream by the
on a speeding car of thieves at 192 km/h. If the muzzle river is x. Which of the following statement is correct
speed of bullet is 150 m/s, calculate the speed with which
the bullet strikes the car of the thieves [AMU (Engg.) 2012] (a)If he crosses the river in minimum time x = —
v
(a) 95m/s(b) 105m/s
(b)x can not be less than —
(c) 180m/s (d) 192m/s v

(c)For x to be minimum he has to swim in a direction

17. A boat is moving with a velocity 3i + 4/ with respect to ground.
The water in the river is moving with a velocity - 3i - 4/ with - + sin I
making an angle of n j with the direction of
respect to ground. The relative velocity of the boat with
the flow of water
respect to water is[CPMT 1998; Pb. PET 2002]
(d) x will be max. if he swims in a direction making an
(a) 8/(b) -6i-8;
2
angle of 2 sm ^ with direction of the flow of water
(c) 6i+8j(d) 5V2
18. A 150 m long train is moving to north at a speed of 10 m/s. 24. A motorboat covers a given distance in 6 hours moving
A parrot flying towards south with a speed of 5 m/s crosses downstream on a river. It covers the same distance in 10 hours
the train. The time taken by the parrot the cross to train moving upstream. The time it takes to cover the same distance
would be[Manipal 2002] in still water is[KCET 2010]

(a) 30 s(b) 15 s (a) 9 hours(b) 7.5 hours

(c) 8 s(d) 10 s (c) 6.5 hours(d) 8 hours

 88 Motion In One

25. A ship A is moving Westwards with a speed of lOkmh ^ 7. A body is thrown vertically up with a velocity u. It passes
three points A,B and C in its upward journey with
and a ship B 100km South of A, is moving Northwards
with a speed of lOkmfT1. The time after which the distance velocities —,— and — respectively. The ratio of the
between them becomes shortest, is
[AIPMT (Cancelled) 2015] separations between points A and B and between B and

(a) 5h(b) 5V2h AB [AMU (Engg.) 2009]

c i.e., is
BC
(c) 10>/2h(d) Oh (b) 2
(a) 1
Motion Under Gravity 10 20
(c) (d)
7 7
Two bodies are thrown vertically upwards with their initial
8. A body is thrown vertically upwards. If air resistance is to be
speed in the ratio 2:3. The ratio of the maximum heights
taken into account, then the time during which the body
reached by them and the ratio of their time taken by them to
rises is[RPET 2000; KCET 2001; DPMT 2001]
return back to the ground respectively are
(a)Equal to the time of fall
[Kerala PMT 2008]
(b)Less than the time of fall
(a) 4:9 and 2:3 (b) 2:3 and V2:V3
(c)Greater than the time of fall
(c) V2 : V3 and 4: 9 (d) V2:V3and2:3
(d)Twice the time of fall
(e) 4:9and3:2
9. A ball is dropped from a high rise platform at t = 0 starting
A stone of mass 0.05 kg is thrown vertically upwards. What from rest. After 6 seconds another ball is thrown downwards
is the direction and magnitude of net force on the stone from the same platform with a speed v. The two balls meet
during its upward motion[KCET 2015] at t = 18s. What is the value of v (take g=10 m/s2 )
(a)0.49 N vertically downwards
[CBSE PMT 2010]
(b)9.8 N vertically downwards
(a) 60 m/s(b) 75 m/s
(c)0.49 N vertically upwards
(c) 55 m/s(d) 40 m/s
(d)0.98 N vertically downwards
10. A body is released from a great height and falls freely
A ball A is thrown up vertically with a speed u and at the towards the earth. Another body is released from the same
same instant another ball B is released from a height h. At height exactly one second later. The separation between the
time t, the speed of A relative to B is [Kerala PET 2009] two bodies, two seconds after the release of the second
(a) u(b) 2u body is[Kerala PMT 2002]
(a) 4.9 m(b) 9.8 m
(c) u-gt(d) ^(u2-gt)
(c) 19.6 m(d) 24.5 m
(e)gt
11. A body is thrown vertically upwards with velocity u. The
Two bodies of different masses ma and mb are dropped
distance travelled by it in the fifth and the sixth seconds are
from two different heights a and b . The ratio of the time equal. The velocity u is given by (g — 9.8 m/s2)
taken by the two to cover these distances are
[UPSEAT 2004]
[RPMT 1999, 06; RPET 2002; (a) 24.5 m/s(b) 49.0 m/s
CPMT 2003; CBSE PMT 2006]
(c) 73.5 m/s(d) 98.0 m/s
(a) a:b(b) b : a
12. A stone dropped from the top of the tower touches the
(c) y^^ : Vb(d) a2 : b2 ground in 4 sec. The height of the tower is about
A ball is thrown up under gravity (g = lOm/sec2). Find its [CPMT 1997; BHU 1998;
velocity after 1.0 sec at a height of 10m[MP PMT 2010] DPMT 1999; RPET 1999; MH CET 2003]
(a) 5 m/sec2(b) 5 m/sec (a) 80 m(b) 40 m
(c) 10 m/sec(d) 15 m/sec (c) 20 m(d) 160 m
A ball falls from height h. After 1 second, another ball falls 13. A body is released from the top of a tower of height h. It
freely from a point 20 m below the point from where the first takes t sec to reach the ground. Where will be the ball after
ball falls. Both of them reach the ground at the same time. time t/2 sec[CBSE PMT 1995; MP PMT 2004]
What is the value of h (a)At h 12 from the ground
[Kerala PET 2007; Odisha JEE 2008, 12] (b)At h 14 from the ground
(a) 11.2 m(b) 21.2 m (c)Depends upon mass and volume of the body
(c) 31.2 m(d) 41.2 m (d)At 3h / 4 from the ground
 Motion In One Dimension 89

14. The effective acceleration of a body, when thrown upwards 22.When a ball is thrown up vertically with velocity Vo, it
with acceleration a will be[Pb. PMT 2004]
reaches a maximum height of 'h'. If one wishes to triple the
(a) yja-92(b) ^a2+32 maximum height then the ball should be thrown with
velocity[AIIMS 2005]
(c) (a-g)(d) (a+ 9)
15. A frictionless wire AB is fixed on a sphere of radius R. A very (a) V3V0(b) 3V0
small spherical ball slips on this wire. The time taken by this (c) 9V0(d) 3/2V0
ball to slip from A to B is
23.From the top of a tower two stones, whose masses are in the
ratio 1 : 2 are thrown one straight up with an initial speed u
gcos^
and the second straight down with the same speed u. Then,
COS0
(b) neglecting air resistance[KCET 2005]
(a)The heavier stone hits the ground with a higher speed

c z /— (b)The lighter stone hits the ground with a higher speed

9
(c)Both the stones will have the same speed when they hit
9R
(d) the ground
•yjg cos 0
(d)The speed can't be determined with the given data
16. From a balloon rising vertically upwards at 5m/s a stone is
24.A ball is released from the top of a tower of height h meters.
thrown up at 10 m/s relative to the balloon. Its velocity with
It takes T seconds to reach the ground. What is the position
respect to ground after 2 s is (assume g = 10m / s )
of the ball in T/3 seconds[AIEEE 2004]
[J & K CET 2006]
(a)h/9 meters from the ground
(a) 0(b) 20 m/s
(b)7h/9 meters from the ground
(c) 10 m/s(d) 5 m/s
(c)8h/9 meters from the ground
17. A particle is projected up with an initial velocity of
80ft/sec . The ball will be at a height of 96ft from the (d)17h/18 meters from the ground

ground after[AMU (Engg.) 2012] 25.A balloon is at a height of 81 m and is ascending upwards

(a) 2.0 and 3.0 sec(b) Only at 3.0 sec with a velocity of 12 m/s. A body of 2fcg weight is dropped

(c) Only at 2.0 sec(d) After 1 and 2 sec from it. If g = 10m/s2 , the body will reach the surface of
18. A stone falls freely from rest from a height h and it travels a
the earth in[MP PET 2006; Kerala PET 2007]
distance — in the last second. The value of h is (a) 1.5 s(b) 4.025 s

(c) 5.4 s(d) 6.75 s

[Kerala PMT 2011]
26.A body falling from a high Minaret travels 40 m in the last 2
(a) 145 m(b) 100 m
seconds of its fall to ground. Height of Minaret in meters is
(c) 122.5 m(d) 200 m
(take 9 = 10m / s2 )[MP PMT 2002; MP PET 2006]
(e) 175 m
19. A stone thrown upward with a speed u from the top of the (a) 60(b) 45
tower reaches the ground with a velocity 3u . The height of (c) 80(d) 50
the tower is[RPET 2003]
27.A very large number of balls are thrown vertically upwards
(a) 3u2/g(b) 4u2/g in quick succession in such a way that the next ball is thrown
(c) 6u2/g(d) 9u2/g when the previous one is at the maximum height. If the

20. If a freely falling body travels in the last second a distance maximum height is 5m, the number of ball thrown per
equal to the distance travelled by it in the first three second, minute is (take 9 = 10 ms'2)[KCET 2002]
the time of the travel is
[MH CET 2003; Pb. PMT 2004; WB-JEE 2010]
(a) 120(b) 80
(a) 6 sec(b) 5 sec (c) 60(d) 40
(c) 4 sec(d) 3 sec 28.A boy standing at the top of a tower of 20m height drops a

21. A packet is dropped from a balloon which is going upwards stone. Assuming 9 = 10 ms~2, the velocity with which it hits
with the velocity 12 m/s, the velocity of the packet after 2 the ground is[CBSE PMT (Pre.) 2011]
seconds will be[Pb. PMT 2004]
(a) 5.0m/s (b) lO.Om/s
(a) -12 m/s(b) 12 m/s
(c) 20.0m/s(d) 40.0m/s
(c) -7.6 m/s(d) 7.6 m/s
 Motion Zn One Dimension

29. A body A is thrown up vertically from the ground with a 36. A ball is dropped from top of a tower of 100m height.
velocity Vo and another body B is simultaneously dropped Simultaneously another ball was thrown upward from
bottom of the tower with a speed of 50 m/s (g = 10mIs2).
from a height H. They meet at a height — if Vo is equal to
They will cross each other after

[AMU (Med.) 2010] [Odisha JEE 2002; CPMT 2003]

(a) J2gH(b) ' (a) Is(b) 2s

(c) 3s(d) 4s
37. Two balls A and B of same masses are thrown from the top of
(d) U the building. A, thrown upward with velocity V and B, thrown

30. A cricket ball is thrown up with a speed of 19.6 ms'1. The downward with velocity V, then

maximum height it can reach is [AIEEE 2002; Odisha JEE 2009]

(a)Velocity of A is more than B at the ground
[Kerala PMT 2002; MP PMT 2003]
(b)Velocity of B is more than A at the ground
(a) 9.8 m(b) 19.6 m
(c)Both A&.B strike the ground with same velocity
(c) 29.4 m(d) 39.2 m
(d)None of these
31. Free fall of an object (in vacuum) is a case of motion with
38. With what velocity a ball be projected vertically so that the
[Kerala PET 2010]
distance covered by it in 5th second is twice the distance it
(a) Uniform velocity(b) Uniform acceleration
covers in its 6th second (g = 10m/s2)
(c) Variable acceleration (d) Constant momentum
[CPMT 1997; AIIMS 2000;
(e) Uniform speed
MH CET 2000; CBSE PMT 2002; MP PET 2003]
32. A body starts to fall freely under gravity. The distances
(a) 58.8 m/s(b) 49 m/s
covered by it in first, second and third second are in ratio
(c) 65 m/s(d) 19.6 m/s
[MP PET 1997; RPET 2001; BHU 2003; RPMT 2004, 06;
39. Three different objects of masses mx, m2 and m3 are allowed
Kerala PET 2009, 12; AMU (Med.) 2010]
to fall from rest and from the same point 'O' along three
(a) 1:3:5(b) 1:2:3
different frictionless paths. The speeds of the three objects,
(c) 1:4:9(d) 1:5:6 on reaching the ground, will be in the ratio of [AIIMS 2002]
33. At t = 0, a stone of mass 10 gm is thrown straight up from (a) mx : m2 : m3(b) mx : 2m2 : 3m3
the ground level with a speed 10 m/s. After 1 s, a second
(c) 1:1:1
(d) J-^L^L
stone of the same mass is thrown from the same position
mx m2 m3
with a speed 20 m/s. What is the position of the first stone
40. A particle when thrown, moves such that it passes from
from the ground level at that moment (Take g= 10mIs2 )
same height at 2 and 10s, the height is [UPSEAT 2001]
[DUMET 2010]
(a) 9(b) 2g
(a) 10 m(b) lm
(c) 5g(d) lOg
(c) 2 m(d) 5 m
41. A stone is thrown with an initial speed of 4.9 m/s from a bridge in
34. Two stones of equal masses are dropped from a rooftop of
vertically upward direction. It falls down in water after 2 sec.
height h one after another. Their separation distance
The height of the bridge is
against time will[DUMET 2010]
[AFMC 1999; Pb. PMT 2003; KCET 2004]
(a) Remain the same(b) Increase
(a) 4.9 m(b) 9.8 m
(c) Decrease(d) Be zero (c) 19.8 m(d) 24.7 m
35. Two identical metal spheres are released from the top of a 42. A stone is shot straight upward with a speed of 20 m/sec
tower after t seconds of each other such that they fall along from a tower 200 m high. The speed with which it strikes the
the same vertical line. If air resistance is neglected, then at ground is approximately[AMU (Engg.) 1999]
any instant of time during their fall,[Odisha JEE 2010] (a) 60 m/sec(b) 65 m/sec
(a)The difference in their displacements remain the same (c) 70 m/sec(d) 75 m/sec
(b)The difference between their speeds remains the same 43. A body freely falling from the rest has a velocity V after it
(c)The difference between their heights above ground is falls through a height 'h'. The distance it has to fall down for
proportional to t2 its velocity to become double, is[BHU 1999]

(d)The difference between their displacements is (a) 2h(b) 4h

proportional to t (c) 6h(d) 8h
I
44. The time taken by a biock of wood (initially at rest) to slide down a 50.
Motion In One Dimension 91
JSBHBHHHBI
A balloon starts rising from the ground with an acceleration
smooth inclined plane 9.8 m long (angle of inclination is 30 ) is of 1.25 mis2 after 8s, a stone is released from the balloon.
The stone will (g = 10 mis2)[KCET 2001]
[JIPMER 1999]
(a)Reach the ground in 4 second
(a)—sec
(b)Begin to move down after being released

(b)2sec (c)Have a displacement of 50 m

(c)4 sec (d)Cover a distance of 40 m in reaching the ground

51. A body, thrown upwards with some velocity, reaches the

(d)lsec
maximum height of 20m. Another body with double the
45. A man throws a ball vertically upward and it rises through mass thrown up, with double initial velocity will reach a
20 m and returns to his hands. What was the initial velocity maximum height of
(u) of the ball and for how much time (T) it remained in [CBSE PMT 2001, 04; KCET 2001; BHU 2004]

the air [g = 10mIs2][MP PET 2001] (a) 200 m(b) 16 m

(c) 80 m(d) 40 m
(a) u = 10 mis, T = 2s (b) u = 10 mis, T = 4s
52. Two particles A and B having different masses are projected
(c) u = 20 mis, T = 2s (d) u = 20 mis, T = 4s
from a tower with same speed. A is projected vertically
46. A body projected vertically upwards with a velocity u upward and B vertically downward. On reaching the ground
returns to the starting point in 4 seconds. If g = 10 mlsec2,
[WB-JEE 2015]
the value of u is [KCET 1999; Pb. PMT 2000; RPMT 2006] (a)Velocity of A is greater than that of B

(a) 5m/sec(b) 10 m/sec (b)Velocity of B is greater than that of A

(c) 15 mlsec(d) 20 m/sec (c)Both A and B attain the same velocity

(d)The particle with the larger mass attains higher velocity

47. From a tower of height H, a particle is thrown vertically
53. A stone falls freely under gravity. It covers distances h1, h2
upwards with a speed u. The time taken by the particle, to
and h3 in the first 5 seconds, the next 5 seconds and the
hit the ground, is a n times that taken by it to reach the
next 5 seconds respectively. The relation between h1; h2
highest point of its path. The relation between H, u and n is
and h is[NEET 2013]
[JEE (Main) 2014] (a) h1=h2=h3 (b) hx^2h2=3h3
(a) 2gH = nV(b) gH = (n-2)V
(d) h2 = 3h^ and h3 = 3h2
(c) 2SH = nu2(n-2)(d) gH = (n-2)u2

48. A body is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity u. Find

the true statement from the following[Kerala 2001]
Critical Thinking
(a)Both velocity and acceleration are zero at its highest

point Objective Questions

(b)Velocity is maximum and acceleration is zero at the A particle moving in a straight line covers half the distance
highest point with speed of 3 mis. The other half of the distance is
covered in two equal time intervals with speed of 4.5 mis
(c)Velocity is maximum and acceleration is g downwards and 7.5 m/s respectively. The average speed of the particle
at its highest point during this motion is[KCET 2009; Kerala PET 2012]
(a) 4.0 mis(b) 5.0 m/s
(d)Velocity is zero at the highest point and maximum
(c) 5.5 m/s(d) 4.8 m/s
height reached is u2 / 2g A train accelerates from rest at a constant rate a for
distance xx and time tx. After that it retards to rest at
49. A body thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity u
constant rate p for distance x2 and time t2. Which of the
reaches maximum height in 6 seconds. The ratio of the
following relations is correct[MP PET 2012]
distances travelled by the body in the first second and the
' ^ X1 a u(b) ^l = 1=*l
seventh second is[EAMCET (Engg.) 2000] t2 x2 a t2
(a) 1:1(b) 11:1 (c) iEL = . = .^ (d) ^ = :
(c) 1:2(d) 1 : 11 p UU x2 a
 92 Motion In One Dimension

A particle is moving with constant acceleration from A to B

in a straight line AB. If u and v are the velocities at A and B
8. A parachutist after bailing out falls 50 m without friction.
When parachute opens, it decelerates at 2 mis2. He reaches
1
the ground with a speed of 3 m/s. At what height, did he bail
respectively then its velocity at the midpoint C will be
out[AIEEE 2005; AIIMS 2008]
[Kerala PET 2010, 11]
(a) 293 m(b) 111m
ir+ir (c) 91m(d) 182 m
(a) (b)
2u A particle is dropped vertically from rest from a height. The time
9.
taken by it to fall through successive distances of 1 m each will
u-u
(c) then be[Kurukshetra CEE 1996; Kerala PMT 2006]

(a)All equal, being equal to -yj2/ g second

(b)In the ratio of the square roots of the integers 1, 2,3

An aircraft is flying at a height of 3400m above the ground. (c)In the ratio of the difference in the square roots of the
If the angle subtended at a ground observation point by the integers i.e. VI,(a/2 - VI),(a/3 - V2),(V4 - V3)....
aircraft positions 10s apart is 30, then the speed of the
aircraft is[Kerala PET 2011] (d)In the ratio of the reciprocal of the square roots of the

19.63ms"1(b) 1963ms-1
(a) 19.63ms"1(b)
1111
integers i.e.,. —=, —=,-^, —==
VI a/2 V3 a/4
(c) 108ms"1(d) 196.3ms 1
10. A man throws balls with the same speed vertically upwards
(e) 10.8ms"1
one after the other at an interval of 2 seconds. What should
A particle starts from rest. Its acceleration (a) versus time (t) be the speed of the throw so that more than two balls are in
is as shown in the figure. The maximum speed of the the sky at any time (Given g = 9.8m / s 2) [CBSE PMT 2003]
particle will be[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2004]
(a)At least 0.8 m/s
(b)Any speed less than 19.6 m/s

10 m/s2 (c)Only with speed 19.6 m/s

(d)More than 19.6 m/s

11. If a ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed u, the

distance covered during the last t seconds of its ascent is
Us) [CBSE PMT 2003]
11

(a) 110 m/s(b) 55 m/s V2 (b)

(c) 550 m/s(d) 660 m/s (c) (u-gt)t(d) ut
A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate a for some 12. A small block slides without friction down an inclined plane
time, after which it decelerates at a constant rate /?and starting from rest. Let Sn be the distance travelled from time

comes to rest. If the total time elapsed is t, then the

t = n -1 to t = n. Then is [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2004]
maximum velocity acquired by the car is [AMU PET 2009]

a2 2n-l 2n + l
(a) (b) (b) 2n-l
ap 2n

2n-l 2n
(a+p)t apt (c) (d)
(c) (d) 2n + l2n + l
a+p
13. A particle located at x = 0 at time t = 0, starts moving along
A stone dropped from a building of height h and it reaches the positive x-direction with a velocity 'v' that varies as
after t seconds on earth. From the same building if two v = ayfx . The displacement of the particle varies with time
stones are thrown (one upwards and other downwards) with
as[AIEEE 2006]
the same velocity u and they reach the earth surface after tx
(a) t(b) t1/2
and t2 seconds respectively, then
(c) t3(d) t2
[CPMT 1997; UPSEAT 2002; KCET 2002] 14 A point initially at rest moves along x-axis. Its acceleration
varies with time as a = (6t + 5)m/s2 . If it starts from origin,
w t.^
(a) t = t1-t2
the distance covered in 2 s is[UP CPMT 2006]

(a) 20 m(b) 18 m
(c) t = ^t (d) t = tl
(c) 16 m(d) 25 m
I Motion In One Dimension 93

The graph between displacement and time for a particle

Graphical Questions moving with uniform acceleration is a [Kerala PMT 2012]

(a)Straight line with a positive slope

Objective Questions
(b)Parabola
1. Given below are four curves describing variation of velocity
with time of a particle. Which one of these describe the (c)Ellipse
motion of a particle initially in positive direction with
(d)Straight line parallel to time axis
constant negative acceleration[AMU (Engg.) 2012]
(e)Straight line perpendicular to time axis

Which graph represents a state of rest for an object

[MP PMT 2009]

O Ot
(W) (X)

Ot (b)

o
(Z)
(a) (W)(b) (X) (c) (d)
(c) (Y)(d) (Z)
2. Look at the graphs (a) to (d) carefully and indicate which of
A boy begins to walk eastward along a street in front of his
these possibly represents one dimensional motion of a
house and the graph of his position from home is shown in
particle[KCET 2006]
the following figure. His average speed for the whole time
interval is equal to[BHU 2006]
(a) (b)
(a) 8m/ min

(b) 6m/ min

1
1
40-
20-
0-

(c) (d) 12 . (c)

Q
— ml min
3
1
1 20-
Time (min)
a.
(d) 2m/ min

3. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Which of the following Which of the following graphs can not possibly represent one
graph/graphs represent velocity-time graph of the ball during dimensional motion of a particle[AMU (Med.) 2010]
its flight (air resistance is neglected)

[AMU (Engg.) 2000; J & K CET 2010; JEE (Main) 2017] Position

Time-

(A)
Velocity
Speed

Time
->Time
III IV

(D)
(a) I and II (b) II and III
(b) B
(d) D (c) II and IV (d) All four
 94 Motion In One Dimension

y is a rest at x= 0. At t = 0, it starts moving in the 11. Figures (i) and (ii) below show the displacement-time graphs
positive x-direction with a constant acceleration. At the same of two particles moving along the x-axis. We can say that
instant another body passes through x = 0 moving in the
[Kurukshetra CEE 1996; DCE 2006]
positive x-direction with a constant speed. The position of
the first body is given by Xj (t) after time T and that of the
second body by x2 (t) after the same time interval. Which of
X X
the following graphs correctly describes (xx - x2) as a
function of time 't'[AIEEE 2008]

(xi-x2) (Xi-X2) —^* d)~^t (ii)

Both the particles are having a uniformly accelerated motion

(a) (b)
(b) Both the particles are having a uniformly retarded motion
O O
\ (c) Particle (i) is having a uniformly accelerated motion
while particle (ii) is having a uniformly retarded motion
(Xi-X2) (Xj-X2) Particle (i) is having a uniformly retarded motion while
(d)
particle (ii) is having a uniformly accelerated motion
(c) (d)
12. For the velocity-time graph shown in figure below the
distance covered by the body in last two seconds of its
O O
motion is what fraction of the total distance covered by it in
all the seven seconds [MP PMT/PET 1998; RPET 2001]
9. The velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs of a particle
I10'
are given as
(a) 1/2 88
56
(b) 1/4
•t4
(c) 1/3 oo

(d) 2/3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time (sec)—>
Time- Time-
13. A particle starts from rest at t = 0 and undergoes an
acceleration a in ms~2 with time t in seconds which is as
Its position-time graph may be given as [Odisha JEE 2010] shown.9
3

ti 11
23

-3-
Time- Time- Which one of the following plot represents velocity V in
ms^1 versus time t in seconds[DCE 2009]

ti
(c) (d)
(a)
Time- Time-

10. Velocity-time {v-t) graph for a moving object is shown in the

figure. Total displacement of the object during the time
v4
interval when there is non-zero acceleration and retardation
[Kerala PMT 2005] (d) 2
2 3 4—*t
12 3 4—^-

(a)60 m 14. Velocity-time curve for a body projected vertically upwards

is[EAMCET (Med.) 1995; AIIMS 1999;
(b)50 m
Pb. PMT 2004; BHU 2004]
(c)30 m (a) Parabola(b) Ellipse
10 20 30 40 50 60
(d)40 m t (sec) —> (c) Hyperbola(d) Straight line
I
15. u-t graph for a particle is as shown. The distance travelled
in the first 4s isV(m/s)[MP PET 2006]
19.
Motion I* one Dimension ^5

The graph of displacement vis time is

(a)12m f
s
(b)16m

(c)20m

(d) 24m t(sec) Its corresponding velocity-time graph will be [DCE 2001, 09]
246
16. An object is moving with a uniform acceleration which is
parallel to its instantaneous direction of motion. The
t t
displacement (s) - velocity (v) graph of this object is
[SCRA 1998; DCE 2000; AIIMS 2003; Odisha PMT 2004] (b)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(c) (d)

17. An object is dropped from rest. Its v-t graph is 20. A train moves from one station to another in 2 hours time.
v [Kerala PET 2008] Its speed-time graph during this rhotion is shown in the
figure. The maximum acceleration during the journey is
(b) [Kerala PET 2002]

tS2100
J 80
D
(c) I 60
(d)
•S 40 /
•a
8.
C/5
B C /
F, M L
0.25 0.751.00
1.5
2.00
Time in hours —>
(a) 140 kmh-2(b) 160fcmh-2
(c) 100 km h-2(d) 120 km h~2
21.The area under acceleration-time graph gives
18. A ball is dropped vertically from a height d above the
ground. It hits the ground and bounces up vertically to a [Kerala PET 2005]
height d / 2. Neglecting subsequent motion and air (a) Distance travelled(b) Change in acceleration

resistance, its velocity v varies with the height h above the (c) Force acting(d) Change in velocity
ground as[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2000] 22.A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Which of the following
plots represents the speed-time graph of the ball during its
flight if the air resistance is not ignored[AIIMS 2003]

(b) t
(b) 1

Time Time
(c) (d)

(c) (d)

Time Time
 Motion In One Dimension

23. Which graph represents the uniform acceleration 26. Acceleration-time graph of a body is shown. The
corresponding velocity-time graph of the same body is
[DCE 2003, 09; WB-JEE 2009]
[DPMT 2004]

(a) (b)

(b)

(c) (d)

24. Which of the following velocity-time graphs shows a realistic

(c). (d)
situation for a body in motion[AIIMS 2004]

\
27. The given graph shows the variation of velocity with
displacement. Which one of the graph given below correctly
represents the variation of acceleration with displacement
(a) (b) [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2005]

x0
(c) (d)
O
t t
(a) (b)

25. Which of the following velocity-time graphs represent

uniform motion[Kerala PMT 2004]

a'

(c) (d)

(b)
28. A particle shows distance - time curve as given in this figure.
The maximum instantaneous velocity of the particle is
around the point[CBSEPMT 2008]

(a)D
^
(b)A |S
(c) (d) Q
(c)B
t time
(d)C
 Motion In One Dimension 97

29. A body starts from rest and moves with uniform Statement-1 For an observer looking out through
acceleration. Which of the following graphs represent its
the window of a fast moving train, the
motion[J & K CET 2008]
nearby objects appear to move in the
t opposite direction to the train, while
(b) the distant objects appear to be

stationary.

Statement-2 If the observer and the object are

moving at velocities V^ and V2

(c) (d) respectively with reference to a

laboratory frame, the velocity of the
object with respect to the observer is

V2 - \/^[IITJEE 2008]
JEE Section Statement-1 For a particle moving in a straight line,
velocity (u in mis) of the particle in
terms of time (t in sec) is given by
More than one correct answers
v = t2 - 6t + 8. Then the speed of the
1.Let v and a denote the velocity and acceleration particle is minimum at t = 2 sec.
respectively of a body in one-dimensional motion
Statement-2 For a particle moving in a straight line
(a)| v | must decrease when a < 0
the velocity u at any time t may be
(b)Speed must increase when a > 0
minimum or may be maximum when
(c)Speed will increase when both v and a are < 0
dv
(d)Speed will decrease when u < 0 and a > 0 = 0.
dt
2.The displacement (x) of a particle depends on time (t) as
x = at2-pt3 Comprehension type questions
(a)The particle will return to its starting point after time
Passage -1
alp
(b)The particle will come to rest after time 2a 13/? The graph below gives the displacement of a particle

(c)The initial velocity of the particle was zero but its initial travelling along the X-axis as a function of time. AM is the
acceleration was not zero tangent to the curve at the starting moment and BN is
(d)No net force will act on the particle at t = a/3p
tangent at the end moment {dx = d2 -120.)
3.A particle moves with an initial velocity v0 and retardation x(m)
a u, where u is its velocity at any time t
100- c
(a)The particle will cover a total distance u0 / a
N)\ -^(sec)
(b)The particle will come to rest after a time IIa O] 10 X> '20
(c)The particle will continue to move for a very long time
-100
(d)The velocity of the particle will become uo/2 after a

time IIa 6. Average velocity during the first 20 seconds

Reasoning type questions (a) -10 mis(b) 10 mis

(c) Zero(d) None of these
Read the following statements carefully to mark the correct option
7. Find the average acceleration during the first 20 seconds
out of the options given below
(a)Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is true ; statement 2 is (a) y[3 mis2(b) -^mls2
a correct explanation for statement 1
(c) Zero(d) lmls2
(b)Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is true ; statement 2 is
not a correct explanation for statement 1 8. During which interval is the motion retarded

(c)Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false (a) 0-10(b) 10-20

(d)Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true (c) 5-15(d) None of these
 6 Motion In One Dimension

Integer type questions Matrix Match type questions

In this section each question has some statements (A, B, C, D,...)
This section contains some integer type questions. The answers given in Column-I and some statements (p, q, r, s, t,...) in
to each of the questions is a single-digit integer, ranging Column-II. Any given statement in Column-I can have correct
matching with ONE OR MORE statement(s) in Column-II. For
from 0 to 9. example, if for a given question, statement B matches with the
statements given in q and r, then for that particular question
9.On a two-lane road, car A is travelling with a speed of
against statement B, darken the bubbles corresponding to q and r
36 kmh"1. Two cars B and C approach car A in opposite in the ORS. i.e. answer will be q and r.

directions with a speed of 54kmh~1 each. At a certain

instant, when the distance AB is equal to AC, both being 1

ciiOGO
km, B decides to overtakes A before C does. What P1O0O##
minimum acceleration of car B is required to avoid an A particle moves along a straight line such that its
12.
accident displacement s varies with time t as
s = a + fit+yt2
10.Airplanes A and B are flying with constant velocity in the

same vertical plane at angles 30 and 60 with respect to the Match the following

horizontal respectively as shown in figure . The speed of A is Column I Column II

100V3 ms'1. At time t=0 s, an observer in A finds B at a (A) Acceleration at t=2 sec (P) P + 5y

distance of 500m. This observer sees B moving with a (B) Average velocity during (q) 2y
third second
constant velocity perpendicular to the line of motion of A. If
(C) Velocity at t=l sec (r) a
at t = t0, A just escapes being hit by B, t0 in seconds is
(D) Initial displacement (s) P + 2y
[JEE (Advanced) 2014]

>~ ^

X
FprJksprmnH
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option
out of the options given below:
(a)If bath assertion and reason are true and the reason is the
correct explanation of the assertion.
(b)if both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
11. A rocket is moving in a gravity free space with a constant
/correct explanation of the assertion.
acceleration of 2 ms'2 along +X direction (see figure). The
(c)If assertion is true but reason is false.
length of a chamber inside the rocket is 4 m. A ball is thrown (d)If the assertion and reason both are jqfee,
from the left end of the chamber in +x direction with a (e)If assertion is false but reason is true.
speed of 0.3 ms'1 relative to the rocket. At the same time, 1.Assertion : A body can have acceleration even if its
velocity is zero at a given instant of time.
another ball is thrown in -x direction with a speed of
Reason : A body is momentarily at rest when it
0.2 ms'1 from its right end relative to the rocket. The time in
reverses its direction of motion.
seconds when the two balls hit each other is
2.Assertion : Two balls of different masses are thrown

[JEE (Advanced) 2014] vertically upward with same speed. They will
pass through their point of projection in the
2
downward direction with the same speed.

Reason : The maximum height and downward velocity

attained at the point of projection are

4m independent of the mass of the ball.

 Motion In One Dimension 99 JVVfPsAL
BOO* MPOT I960
Assertion A body falling freely may do so with constant 13. Assertion Position-time graph of a stationary object is a
velocity. straight line parallel to time axis.
Reason The body falls freely, when acceleration of a Reason For a stationary object, position does not
body is equal to acceleration due to gravity. change with time.'
14. Assertion The slope of displacement-time graph of a
4. Assertion The average velocity of the object over an body moving with high velocity i$ steeper
interval of time is either smaller than or equal than the slope of displacement-time gfaph of
to the average speed of the object over the a body with low velocity.
same interval. Reason Slope of displacement-time graph = Velocity
Reason • Velocity is a vector quantity and speed is a of the body.
scalar quantity.[AIIMS 2010] 15. Assertion Distance-time graph of the motion of a body
5. Assertion An object can have constant speed but having uniformly accelerated motion is a
variable velocity. straight line inclined to the time axis.
Reason Speed is a scalar but velocity is a vector Reason Distance travelled by a body having
quantity. uniformly accelerated motion is directly
6. Assertion The speedometer of an automobile measure proportional to the square of the time taken.
the average speed of the automobile. 16. Assertion A body having non-zero acceleration can
Reason Average velocity is equal to total have a constant velocity.
displacement per total time taken. Reason Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
7. Assertion The position-time graph of a uniform motion 17. Assertion A body, whatever its motion is always at rest

in one dimension of a body can have in a frame of reference which is fixed to the

negative slope. body itself.

Reason When the speed of body decreases with time, Reason The relative velocity of a body with respect to

the position-time graph of the moving body itself is zero.

has negative slope. 18. Assertion Displacement of a body may be zero when

8.Assertion A positive acceleration of a body can be distance travelled by it is not zero.

Reason The displacement is the longest distance
associated with a ^slowing down' of the body.
between initial and final position.
Reason Acceleration is a vector quantity.
19. Assertion The equation of motion can be applied only
9.Assertion A negative acceleration of a body can be
if acceleration is along the direction of
associated with a 'speeding up' of the body.
velocity and is constant.
Reason Increase in speed of a moving body is
Reason If the acceleration of a body is constant then
independent of its direction of motion.
its motion is known as uniform motion.
10.Assertion The average and instantaneous velocities
20. Assertion A bus moving due north takes a turn and
have same value in a uniform motion.
starts moving towards east with same speed.
Reason In uniform motion, the velocity of an object
There will be no change in the velocity of
increases uniformly.
bus.
11.Assertion Rocket in flight is not an illustration of
Reason Velocity is a vector-quantity.
projectile. 21. Assertion The relative velocity between any two bodies
Reason Rocket takes flight due to combustion of fuel moving in opposite direction is equal to sum
and does not move under the gravity effect of the velocities of two bodies.
alone. Reason Sometimes relative velocity between two
12.Assertion The position-time graph of a body moving bodies is equal to difference in velocities of
uniformly is a straight line parallel to position- the two.
axis. 22. Assertion Displacement of a body is vector sum of the
Reason The slope of position-time graph in a uniform area under velocity-time graph.
motion gives the velocity of an object. Reason Displacement is a vector quantity.
23. Assertion
100 Motion In One Dimension

Velocity-time graph for an object in uniform 11 c 12 b 13 a 14 b 15 b

1
motion along a straight path is a straight line 18 b 17 . c 18 d 18 c ft c

parallel to the time axis. 21 c "ft- d -• c 24 b ft a

Reason : In uniform motion of an object velocity

Motion Under Gravity
increases as the square of time elapsed.
!.. ; a 12" • --*' a 3 a 4 .. c $• b
24. Assertion : A body may be accelerated even when it is
Mf- 'f,.. 7- ^ 8 b b ft d
c
moving uniformly. %•
'^^ b a 13 d •ft; c 18 c
Reason : When direction of motion of the body is
.ft. d 17 a 1$ c 18 b ft b
changing then body may have acceleration. ....^......
21 c ;ft a 23 c c ft c

ft b 2? c ft c :; b 30 b
if* •

^nswers 31
36
b

b
.ft

37
a

c
ft
ft
d
c .ft.
b
c
35
m
b

m b ft b 43 b ft;. b 45 d

ft d 47 •^ c m d •ft--- b m a
Distance and Displacement -52-I' C •83-
51 c c

1 b 2 a 3 G 4 a 5 b
Critical Thinking Questions
•8 ' ' b 7 d
i . a 2 b 3 d 4 ., ^ s b
Uniform Motion
f-v- d 7 c 8 a 8 c 18 d
1. c 2 d 3 a 4 a $ a
11 12 c 13 d "14: ' b
a
ft - b 7 c 8 b 8 d 18 c

11 12 d 13 d 14 c 15 b Graphical Questions
c
-ft';.:. d 17 c 13 c 1 c 2 b 3 :. d 4 b 8 d

Non-uniform Motion 3 b -7- d 3 a 8 b ft b

11 c 12 b 13 a 14 d ft b
1 b 2 c 3 c 4 b 5 a
15 c 17 a 18 a 18 a ft b
8 b r • b 8 d 9 b 18 a

11 12 13 a 14 d 15 a 21 d 22:; c ft a 24 b 25 a
a a

ft e 17 c 18 b 18 c ft d ft c 27 a ft d ft b

tf a 22 c 23 c '^. d ft c
JEE Section
ft d 27 b 28 a ft c -•ft v a
1 cd 2 abed! 3, ac 4 b 5 b
31 c ^^ a 33 c 34 b ft b
8 a 7 c 3 a 8 1 18 5
ft a 37 ft d ft d 40 c
11 2
41 b ^^ d 43 b 44 a ft c

47 ft 4S 58 b 12 A-^<j; B- p; C—> s; D—r

ft c c c a

51 ft ft 54.'' a 55 c
c a a Assertion and Reason
ft'_ d 57 d S3 a ft b 80 d
f' •ft.
a 2 a ^.... e a 5 a
81 c ft-.' b 33 c 84 a ft d
5 e 7- -. i c 8 b b ft e
m a
11 a 12 e 13 a 14 a 15 e
Relative Motion
-ft- 20
18 e 17 . a 18 c d e
1 b 2 b 3 a 4 a 5',' c

d 8 d 3 d 18 ,*. a 21 b ft a ft c 24 6
8 , a 7
 Motion In One Dimensio

Uniform Motion
Answers and Solutions (c) A body is moving on a straight line with constant
velocity. Between A and B, the straight line is the
shortest distance. This is the
B
distance travelled. The
Distance and Displacement
particle starts at A and reaches B along the straight line.
(b) A B Therefore displacement is also AB .D^S.
. X.-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 ^3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ^x
(m)(m) vA _ tan^^A _ tan30 _ 1/73 _ 1
(i) The displacement of the man from A to Eis uB~tan0B ~tan60~ V3 ~3"
Ax = x2-xl = 1m - {-8rh) = +15m directed in the
(a) s = 1.2m, u = 640 ms"1
positive x-direction.
a-?; u = 0; t=?
(ii) The displacement of the man from E to Cis
= u2-u2
Ax = -3m - (7m) = -10m directed in the negativex-
direction. 8x64xlO3
2axl.2 = 640x640 => a =
(Hi) The displacement of the man from B to Dis
Ax = 3m - (-7m) = +10m directed in the positivex- 15 xHT3 = 3.75xl0~3s-4 ms.
v^u + at => t = - = —
a 4
axis.
(a) Time taken by the car to cover first half of the distance
(a)
is
Squaring both sides, we get, x = (t +1)2 = t2 + 2t +1
100
dx 1 60
Differentiating it w.r.t time t, we get, — = 2t + 2
at Time taken by the car to cover second half of the
Velocity, v = — = 2i + 2 . distance is
dt
100
(c) From figure, OA = 0 i + 30 ;, AB = 20 i V
BC = -30V2 cos45^ - 30V2 sin 45 20 m
Total distance travelled
Average speed, ,=
Total time taken
= -30 i - 30 j
100 +100 200
:. Net displacement, 40
100 100
oc = oa+^b+1bc = -io i + o) 60 v
111 1 1 1
I OC I = 10 m.
60 v 20 V 20 60
An aeroplane flies 400 m north and 300 m south so the
- = — = — ^v = 30km fT1.
net displacement is 100 m towards north. v 60 30
Then it flies 1200 m upward so r = 7(100)2 + (1200)2 iu\ t-
(b) i •*. = —
Time average velocity yi+y2+u3 3+4 +5
= 4m/s

= 1204 m = 1200 m
(c) vav=
2x40x60
The option should be 1204 m, because this value ^ + u2100
mislead one into thinking that net displacement is in (b) Let two boys meet at point C after time 't' from the
upward direction only. starting. Then AC = vt, BC = vxt
(b) Total time of motion is 2 min 20 sec = 140 sec.
As time period of circular motion is 40 sec so in 140
{AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
sec. athlete will complete 3.5 revolution i.e., He will be => v2t2
2^2 =

at diametrically opposite point i.e., Displacement = 2R.

(d) Net displacement^ and total distance = OP+PQ+QO

By solving we get t =
14.28
=1 + +1 = km
4 10. (c) Total distance to be covered for crossing the bridge
= length of train + length of bridge
14.28
Average speed = = 150m + 850m = 1000m
4x10/60 Distance
Time -
1000
6x14.28 = 80 sec .
^21.42 km/h. Velocity
45x —
18
11.
102 Motion In One Dimension

(c) Displacement of the particle will be zero because it sL=r io

•
(C)
comes back to its starting point 1
->2 V c^i )
Total distance 30m (c) Distance travelled by the particle is
Average speed = = 3m/s.
Total time 10 sec x = 40 + 12t-t3
We know that, speed is rate of change of distance i.e.
Total displacement
12. (d) Velocity of particle = dx
Total time
Diameter of circle 2x10 . .
=== 4 mis. .: u = — (40 + 12t-t3)=
dt
13. (d) Man walks from his home to market with a speed of But final velocity v = 0
.-. 12-3t2=0
5 km/h .Distance = 2.5 km and time = — = —— = — hr .
v 5 2
and he returns back with speed of 7.5 km I h in rest of
Hence, distance travelled by the particle before coming
time of 10 minutes. to rest is given by
x = 40 +12(2)-(2)3 =40 + 24-8 = 64-8 =56m.
Distance = 7.5 x — = 1.25 km
60 (b) u2=u2+2os
Total distance v2-u2 (20)2-(10)2 300 10 . 2
So, Average speed = a ==== — m s
Total time 2s2x135 270 9
(2.5 + 1.25)km 45, ., From first equation of motion
= -— = —km hr . . v-u 20-10 10
(40/60)hr 8 v=u+at = 9sec.
14. (c) Since displacement is always less than or equal to
10/9 10/9
^ . 4/3
distance, but never greater than distance. Hence (a) (2x3-1)

numerical ratio of displacement to the distance covered

=> So = -— m .
is always equal to or less than one.
Total distance travelled (b) Velocity of graph = Area of a-t graph
16. (d) Average speed =
Total time taken = (4xl.5)-(2xl)=4m/s.

_ 5u1u2 (b) According to given relation acceleration a = at + 0

~ 2x/5 | 3x75 ~31 u2 .dvo dv
As a= — =>at + B = —
^lV2 dtdt
Since particle starts from rest, its initial velocity is zero
17.(c) From given figure, it is clear that the net displacement is
i.e., At time t = 0 , velocity = 0.
zero. So average velocity will be zero.
18.(c) h is height curved to reach from one floor to other floor IPVft
dv=\ {at + p)dt
Jo Jo

speed of walking = — = V^ 8. (d) Let acceleration is a and retardation is -2a

k Then for accelerating mo
J
speed of escalator = — = V2
k For retarding motion
so time taken when escalator is walking R she is also

h
walking on it = t =
V1+V2
Given -+
+ — = 9 ^— = 9=> - = 6
1 1_
222a
a 2a

k k Hence, duration of acceleration, tx = — = 6 sec .

a
_ kk (b) u = 0, v = 180 km h'1 = 50ms~l
t=
k +k time taken t = 10 s
Non-uniform Motion v-u 50
50 r
a= = — = 5 ms
t 10
1. (b) v = u + dt=>v=3i +4^+(0.4i +0.3j)xl0 /. Distance covered S = ut +—at2

= 0 + -x5x(10)2^ — = 250m.
|u|=7V2 units.
1
10. — = 2ax + J3
dx 2ax + fi
18.
Motion In One ^imonoion 103
(b) Let initial velocity of the bullet = u

After penetrating 3 cm its velocity becomes —

dv _ dv dx
a = dt~dx'dt From u2 = u2 -2as
dv -v.2a
a = v— = = -2a.u.v2 = -2au:
dx
Retardation = 2av3.
^ 3u"2
11. => 6a = => a = —
A B 48
•- •
Let further'it will penetrate through distance x and stops
2=30min at point C.
For distance BC, v = 0,u = u/2,s = x,a = u2 /8
8.4 km 2km

., _ Total distance travelled

[x2 f 2\
— -2— .x=>x = lcm.
Average speed v = •
Total time taken
8.4/cm + 2km 10.41cm
19. (c) Acceleration a= — = 0.1x2* = 0.2*
U +t9 f 8.4km | 1 dt
1^70 km/hj+2 Which is time dependent i.e. non-uniform acceleration.
21. (a) Time taken by the ball to reach highest point is t = 1 s
10.4km
= 16.8km/h. As the person throws the second ball, when the velocity
~0.12h+0.5h
of the first ball becomes zero, i.e., v=0 or when the first
12. v(x) = bx~2n
ball reach the highest point.
a = v— = bx-2n {b{-2rx)x'2n-x Using, v = u + at
dx Here, u = 0, a = -g, t = ls
14.(d) The nature of the path is decided by the direction of
0 = u-(10)(l) => u = 10m/s
velocity and the direction of acceleration. The trajectory
can be a straight line, circle or a parabola depending on Using v2 -u2 = 2ah, we get
these factors.
15.(a) Distance covered in 5th second, (0)2-(10)2 = 2(-
20
l)
22. (c) — = At + Bt2
and distance covered in 5 second,
S5=ut + ^at2=0 + -xax25= —
5222
• S5^ = 9
S5 25'

16.(e) Let the man will be able to catch the bus after t s, then
23. (c) Let car starts from point A from rest and moves up to
point B with acceleration /
-
2 ABtCD
(t-12)(t-8) = 0
t = 8s and t = 12s . Velocity of car at point B, v = ^2fS
Thus the man will be able to catch the bus after 8s.
[As v2 =u2 + 2as]
17.(c) Let man will catch the bus after '? sec. So he will cover
distance ut. Car moves distance BC with this constant velocity in time t
x = ^2fS.t[As s = ut](i)
Similarly distance travelled by the bus will be —at2.
So the velocity of car at point C also will be -y/2/S and
For the given condition
finally car stops after covering distance y.
ut = 45 + ^at2 = 45 + 1.2512 [As a = 2.5m/s2]
_ (V2JS)2 _ 2/S _
Distance CD y— ....(ii)
A^.
=^ u = — + 1.25t
So, the total distance AD= AB + BC + CD= 15S[Given]
To find the minimum value of u => S + x + 2S = 15S => x = 12S
du Substituting the value of x in equation (i) we get
= 0 so we get t = 6 sec then,
x = V2/S .t =^ 12S = ^2fS.t => 144S2 = 2/S.t2
dt
45
u = — + 1.25x6 = 7.5 + 7.5 = 15m/s.
6
 104 Motion In One Dimension

24. (d) 34. (b) f -^ =-2-5 fdt

Velocity v = -^ = ~{ae-at + bept) J6.25 -/yJ0

at at
= -2.5t
= a.e'at{-a) + bept(0) =-aae~at + b0ept
6.25
Acceleration = -aae~at (-or) + bfiept .0

= aa2e-at+b02ept t = 2sec.
35. (b) Let 'a' be the retardation of boggy then distance
Acceleration is positive so velocity goes on increasing
covered by it be S. If u is the initial velocity of boggy
with time.
after detaching from train (i.e. uniform speed of train)
25. (c) Given : x = 3t3; y = 4t3
2
u2 = u2 + 2as => 0 = u2 - 2as => sh = —
2a
Time taken by boggy to stop

The velocity of the body is

v ^ ^v2+v2v=^(9t2)2+(12t2)2 =^v
In this time t distance travelled by train = st =ut = —
a
26.(d) x = 8 + 12t-t3
s 1
u = 0 + 12-3t2=0 Hence ratio — = —.
st 2
3t2 = 12
t = 2sec 36. (a) Sn = u + -(2n -1) = -(2n -1) because u = 0

US4 7
~~dt~ Hence —-- = —.
a [t = 2] = -12 m / s2
. (b) u = u + f adt = u + f (3t2 + 2t + 2)dt
retardation = 12 mis2. 37
X1
27.(b)
00
= 2 + 8 + 4 + 4 = 18m/s . (Ast = 2sec)

38. (d) v = — = 3t2^-12t + 3 and a= — = 6t-12

28. (a) Here, u = 10ms"1, t = 2s, S = 20m dtdt
For a = 0 , we have t = 2 and at t = 2, v = -9 ms^1.
Using S = ut + -at2
y2 Displacement
40. (c) Average velocity =
.-. 20 = 10x2 + -xax22 Time interval
2 A particle moving in a given direction with non-zero
0 = 2a => a = 0 .
velocity cannot have zero speed.
29. (c) In general, average speed is not equal to magnitude of
and a = — = 2c-12dt2 average velocity. However, it can be so if the motion is
dt dt along a straight line without change in direction.
Hence, at t = 0, uinitial = b and ainitial = 2c.
41. (b) x = 9t2 -13 ; v = — = 18t-3t2, For maximum speed
dt
30. (a)
S2 4
S
u2
— =— [18t-32] = 18-6t = = 3sec.
33. (c) For train A, dt dt
uA =72km/h = 72x — m/s = 20m/s i.e., particle achieve maximum speed at t = 3 sec . At this
18 instant position of this particle, x = 9t2 -13
For train B,
= 9(3)2-(3)3=81-27 =54m.
uB = 72km/h = 72x— m/s = 20m/s
18 42. (d) F = 3ti-t2j + 4k
•'•uba ^ ub ~ua =20m/s-20m/s = 0m/s
Velocity, u = — = — (3tt -t2j + 4k) = 3?-2tj
aBA = aB - aA = 1 m / s2 - 0 m / s2 = 1 m / s2
dt dt
t = 50 s At t = 5s => u=3f-10]

-xlx(50)2= 1250m. | v |= V(3)2+(-10)2 = V9 + 100 = VlO9 = 10.44ms"1.

 Motion In One Dimension 10

1dx 49. (a) Velocity acquired by body in lOsec

43. (b x= =>v = —
t + 5dt (t + 5)2 u = 0 + 2xl0 = 20m/s
And distance travelled by it in 10 sec
a i x-dv
Acceleration, a = — =
2 => a : (velocity) 3/2
-^ (t + 5)3 S1=-x2x(10)2=100m

44. (a) If a body starts from rest with acceleration a and then
Then it moves with constant velocity (20 m/s)for 30 sec
retards with retardation (3 and comes to rest. The total
S2= 20x30 = 600 m
time taken for this journey is t and distance covered is S
After that due to retardation (4m/ s2) it stops
_, _ 1 afit2 1 5x10 2
ThenS=— =xr o v2 (20)2
2 (a + j3) 2 (5 + 10) S = =

Total distance travelled S-l + S2 + S3 = 750m .

1500 = t = 30 sec .
22(5 + 10)
50. (b) x = a + bt2,v = — = 2bt
1 dt
mu
Instantaneous velocity v = 2x3x3 = 18 cm/sec.
45. (c) Stopping distance =^_ =
Retarding force F 51. (c) If the body starts from rest and moves with constant
,.2 acceleration then the ratio of distances in consecutive
[F = jumg] equal time interval S^ :S2 :S3 =1:3:5.
52. (a) va>=2(t-:
So both will cover equal distance. dv = 2(t-l)dt
dt
46.(c) u = (180-16x)1/2
5 1-95
u=[ 2(t-l)dt = 2 1
=2 —- 5 =15 m/s.
.dv dv dx t
Ac q — =
dt dx' dt
Jo o L2 J
53. (a) Let initial [t = 0) velocity of particle = u .
.-.a = -(180-16x)-1/2x(-16)f—
For first 5 sec motion s5 = 10 metre
2ydt
1 2
= ut + — at 10 = 5u + -a(5)2
= -8(180-16x)-1/2xu
2
= -8(180-16xr1/2x(180-16x)1/2 =-8m/s2. 2u + 5a = 4
For first 8 sec of motion s = 20 metre
47.(c) u = 0, v = 27.5 m/s and t = 10 sec
20 = 8u + -a(8)2 2u + 8a = 5
27.5-0
= 2.75 mis2
10 71
By solving u = — m/s and a = — m/s2
Now, the distance traveled in next 10 sec, 63
S = ut + -at2 = 27.5xl0 + -x2.75xl00 Now distance travelled by particle in Total 10 sec.
22 s10 =uxl0 + -a(10)2
= 275 + 137.5 = 412.5 m.
48. (c) For First part, By substituting the value of u and a we will get
s10 = 28.3 m
u = 0, t = T and acceleration = a
so the distance in last 2 sec = s10 - s8
= aTand -aT2 =-aT2
22 = 28.3-20 = 8.3m.

For Second part, 54. (a) soct2 [Given]/. s = Kt2

u = aT, retardation=a1, v = 0 and time taken = Tj (let) d2s
Acceleration a = —— = 2k [constant]
.-. 0 = u - d^Tj ^=> aT = a^ dt2
It means the particle travels with uniform acceleration,
and from u2 = u2 - 2aS2 S9 = 55. c) Because acceleration is a vector quantity.
. (d) u = at, x = f u dt = f at dt = —n
56
s ^
For t = 4 sec, x = 8a .

57. (d)
Si
c + c2 _ —
,S 2
_ 1

u = —= 6t-12,for u = 0,t =
dt
=-aT.
2 x = 3(2)2-12x2 + 12 = 0.
 ne Dimension

Relative Motion

3.06 (b) Time- Totallength = 50+ 50 ,100^

= 9 sec . 1. sec.
verage velocity 0.34 Relative velocity 10 + 15 25

,Change in velocity 0.18 nno . 2

Acceleration =— ==0.02 mis^ 2. (b)
Ti9
Time
= (20 x cos 60 i + 20 sin 60 j) -101 = 10V3j
60.(d) s = 3t3+7t2+14t + 8m

j2
a = —=- = 18^+ 14 at t = lsec
dt2

Ax
61.(c) Instantaneous velocity v = —
At
By using the data from the table
o , 6-0 , . 3.
v1 = = 2m / s, t>2 == 6 m / s
1
16-6
Vo = = 10m/s

So, motion is non-uniform but accelerated.

62. (b) Only direction of displacement and velocity gets
changed, acceleration is always directed vertically
downward. VBsin0

63. (c) :-S1=ut + - (i)

From figure, VB sin 0 = VW
and velocity after first t sec
v = u + at - Si [vVB=2Vw]
1 A
Now, So =vt + —at2
12 k Time taken to cross the river,
= t2=t [Given]
1 9 DD2D
= (u + at)t + -at2 ... (ii) VBcos30 VBV3'

Equation (ii) - (i) => S2-S1 =at2 4. (a) Effective speed of the bullet
c 65-40 ^ , 2 = speed of bullet + speed of police jeep

= 180 m/s + 45 km/h = (180 + 12.5) m/s = 192.5 m/s

From equation (i), we get,
Speed of thief's jeep = 153km / h = 42.5m / s
S, =ut + -at
12
Velocity of bullet w.r.t thief's car = 192.5 - 42.5 = 150m/s
=>5u = 27.5 .-. u = 5.5 mis.
64. (a) According to problem 5. (c) Given AB = Velocity of boat= 8 km/hr

Distance travelled by body A in 5th sec and distance

AC = Resultant velocity of boat B
travelled by body B in 3rd sec. of its motion are equal.
= 10 km/hr

0+ (2x5l) 0 + BC = Velocity of river

9a^ = 5a2 => — = —. = ylAC2-AB2

a2 9
65. (d) u = 200 m/s, u = 100 m/s,s = 0.1m = V(10)2-(8)2 =6km/br.

u2-v2 =(2OO)2-(1OO)2
6. (a) Distance b/w the cars A and B remains constant. Let the
2s 2x0.1
distance be 'x'
dxp
66. (a)
dt Velocity of C w.r.t. AandB V = 45 + 36 = 81Km/b

and VQ =—^S- = f-2t, Given, Vp = VQ

dt Distance =81x— = 6.75 Km.
60

2(b + l) 8. (d) Since c >>u (negligible).

 Motion In One Dimension 107
(d) For the round trip he should cross perpendicular to the 15. (b) vbr=vb+vr
river

lkm
/. Time for trip to that side = = 0.25hr
4km/hr
To come back, again he take 0.25 hr to cross the river. => vr = 6km/hr .
Total time is 30 min, he goes to the other bank and 16. (b) Here, Speed of police car,
come back at the same point.
5 25
vP =30km/h = 30x — = —m/s
10.(a) Let the speed of trains be x 18 3
x-u 1 o o Speed of thieves's car,
.-. = — => 2x-2i x = 3u.
x+u 2
uT=192fcm/h = 192x —m/s = —m/s
11.(c) For shortest possible 183
path man should swim
IV Muzzle speed of bullet, vB = 150m/s
with an angle (90+^
with downstream. The speed with which the bullet strikes the car of the
thieves is
From the fig,

vB+Vp-uT =150 + —— =105m/s.

= vm —
~ " 10
17.(c) Relative velocity = (3i + 4/) - (- 3i - 4/) = 6i + 8j.
=> .'. 0=30
18.(d) Relative velocity of parrot with respect to train
So angle with downstream = 90 + 30 = 120 .
= 5-(-10) = 5 + 10 = 15m/sec.
12. (b) vct=vc-vt

Time taken by the parrot=== 10 sec.

= V^ + -u, V 15
\45C
Velocity of car w.r.t. train•^_ 19. (c) Here,r^(t) = 3ti + 4t2j and r2(t) = 4t2i+3t]

(va) is towards West - North.~ vtvt

Velocity, ai(t) = -^- = 4-(3ti
13. (a)As the trains are moving in the same direction. So the at at
initial relative speed (ui~u2) and by applying
^ ^ti+3t]) =8ti+3j
retardation final relative speed becomes zero. at at
The relative speed of particle 1 with respect to particle 2
From v = u-at => 0 = (u^ - u2) - at => t = — .
a
14. (b)The two cars (say A and B) are moving with same
velocity, the relative velocity of one (say B) with respect
= (3l+8tj)-(8ti+3j) =(3-8t)l+(8t-3)j
to the other A,vD. =v - v& = v - v = 0
At t = ls,
So the relative separation between them (= 5 km)
u12 = (3 - 8)i + (8 - 3) j = -5i + 5]
always remains the same.

Now if the velocity of car (say C) moving in opposite \v12\=^(Sf+(5)2 = V25 + 25 =5>/2 m/s.
direction to A and B, is uc relative to ground then the
20. (c)
velocity of car C relative to A and B will be vrel =vc-v

But as v is opposite to uc

So vrel = uc - (-30) = (vc + 30) km/hr.

So, the time taken by it to cross the cars A and B sin30 =^l. =I=^Ur =i^ =^ =o.25m/s .

d_4 _ 5 vm Z2 2
t = vrel ^ 60~uc+30
21. (c) vBA = vB - vA = 80 - 65 = 15 km/hr

vc =45 km/hr. [ v both are moving in the same direction]

 168 Motion In One Dimension

22. (d) Relative speed of police with respect to thief

(c)

Instantaneous separation = 100 m 12a ,t 2b ta a

tn=J— and tu=J— =>-3- = J-
distance 100 h Vb
Time = = 100 sec.
velocity 1 (c) For first ball h = -gt2 ... (i)

24. (b) Let vw be the velocity of water and vb be the velocity t

For second ball 20 m
of motorboat in still water. i
(h - 20) = g(t-I)2 - (ii)
The distance x covered by the motorboat in moving
(h-20)m
downstream in 6 h is subtract equation (ii) from (i)
x = (vb+vw)x6... (i) 20 = -5 +lOt => .-. t = 2.5 sec

Same distance x covered by the motorboat in moving Hence, height h = -xl0x(2.5)2 = 31.2 m.
upstream in 10 h is

x = (vb-vw)xl0... (ii) (d) A^^-u2=-2

C—
Equating (i) and (ii), we get
B--
{vb+vw)x6 = {vb-vw)xl0

vw=^r :.x = (vb+vw)x6 = 7. -—u2 =-2gh3

163
Time taken by the motorboat to cover the same
distance in still water is 2g\ 9 4j 2g 36
= 7.5 hours.
2g[l6 9] 2g 144
25. (a) VA=10H) AB__5_ 144^20
BC ~ 36 X 7 ~ 7 '
VB=10(j)
8. (b) Let the initial velocity of ball be u

Time of rise tx = u and height reached =

g+a
Time for shortest distance
Time of fall t2 is given by

_ —. t^ u
10V2 i:(3-a)t2 =
2(g + a)
Motion Under Gravity
u g+a
1. (a) v = u-gt v to =
(g + a)\g-a
At max height v2=u2-2gh
.-. t2 > t^ because<
11
g+a g-a
9. (b) Let two balls meet at depth h from platform
So h = - g(18)2 = u(12) + ^ g(12)2 v = 75ms'1.
t2 3h2
B?uA=01
3. (a) At time t 10.(d) The separation between the two bodies, two seconds
Velocity of A,vA =u-gt upward after the release of second body
Velocity of B, uB = gt downward = -x9.8[(3)2-(2)2] = 24.5 m.
JuA=u
If we assume that height h is smaller A
than or equal to the maximum height reached by A, 11.(b) The given condition is possible only when body is at its
then at every instant uA and uB are in opposite highest position after 5 seconds

directions. It means time of ascent = 5 sec

and time of flight T = — = 10

= u-gt + gt [Speeds in opposite directions get added] g
=> u = 49 m / s.
= u.
1
12. (a)
. = -gt2
h 1 0 =-xl0x(4)2
2
J. ^. ,.,9 =80m.
2
^^ 20. (b)
Motion In One
Dimension 109 |^,V^-i^|

The distance traveled in last second.

•4 9.8(2t -1) = 4.9(2t -1)
SLast=u + ^-{2t-l) =~x
"""2 2
13. (d) Let the body after time 112 be at x from the top, then
and distance traveled in first three second,
1 t2 at2
X = ~2S~4~ = ~8~ '"{l) SThree=0 + |x9.8x9 = 44.1m

h = -gt2 ...(ii) According to problem SLast = SThree

2 =>4.9(2t-l) = 44.1=>2t-l = 9
Eliminate t from (i) and (ii), we get x = — => t = 5 sec.
4 21. (c) When packet is released from the balloon, it acquires
L. O L, the velocity of balloon of value 12 mis. Hence velocity
/. Height of the body from the ground = h= —.
of packet after 2 sec, will be
4 4
v = u + gt =12-9.8x2 =- 7.6 mis.
14. (c) Net acceleration of a body when thrown upward
= acceleration of body - acceleration due to gravity 22. (a)
= a-g i.e. to triple the maximum height, ball should be thrown
15. (c) Acceleration of body along AB is g cos 0 with velocity v 3 u .

Distance travelled in time t sec = AB = —(gcos0)t2 1 2 1 2

24. (c) 2 ~ 29

From AABC, AB = 2/?cos0; 2f?cos^ = -gcos^^2 t- T

2 i w
t* • t=T/3
h ,:
3 \3
h-h'
16. (d) Initial velocity of balloon with respect to ground
i
v = 10 + 5 = 15 m/sec upward.
7
After — seconds, the position of ball,
After 2 second its velocity, v = u-gt

= 15-10x2 =-5 m/sec = 5 m/sec . (downward) h' = O + Ij!f =Ix^xT2

1 9 32 9
17. (a) h = ut—gt2 =>96 = 80t12
2 2 1 3 2 h
n = —x — xT = — m from top
=^> t2 - 5t + 6 = 0 => t = 2 sec or 3 sec. 2 9 9
18. (c) Let the stone falls through a height h in t s. /. Position of ball from ground =h- — = —^- m.
Here, u = 0, a = g ^ y
1 2 1 9
Using Dn =u + -(2n-l)
25. (c) h = ut + — gt => 81 = —12t h— xlOxt => t = 5.4 sec .
2 2
2
Distance travelled by the stone in the last second is
26. (b) Let height of minaret is H and body take time T to fall
from top to bottom.
— = ^-(2t-l) [vu = 0] ...(i)
25 2
> t
(H-40)m |
t
Distance travelled by the stone in t s is
(T-2)sec
^ = -gt2 [vu = 0] ...(ii)
/T hi
^ i
"1k A
Divide (i) by (ii), we get 40m 2 sec
^ = ^gT2 ^ ^ i i
? ...(i)
9 (2t-l)
25 t2
In last 2 sec. body travels distance of 40 m so in
9t2 = 50t - 25 (T - 2) sec distance travelled = (H - 40) m .
9t2-50t + 25 = 0
I
(H-40) = -g(T-2) ...(ii)
On solving, we get
By solving (i) and (ii), T = 3 sec and H = 45 m .
t = 5s or t = — s
9 27. (c) Maximum height of ball = 5 m
Substituting t - 5s in (ii), we get So velocity of projection => u = yJ2gh =10 m / s
h = -x 9.8 x(5)2= 122.5m. Time interval between two balls (time of ascent)

= — = 1 sec = — mm .
u2-u2+2gh ^>(3u)2-( u)2 + 2gh => h - 4u . 3 60
19. (b)
3 ^ So number of ball thrown per min. = 60
 110 Motion In On© Dimension
28.(c) v = ^^gh = V2xl0x20 = 20m/s.
36. (b) 1 2
2,h2 =50t -gt2
I
29.(b) Let the two bodies A and B respectively meet at a time
LJ
t, at a height — from the ground. >
\ t
h^

H/2
IOC 4-
h2
H
, 1 | u=50 m/s
H/2
Given h1+h2= 100m
Ground
=> 50t = 100 =>t = 2 sec .
Using S = ut + -at
37.(c) u2 = u2 + 2gh => u = ^u2 + 2gh
LJ
For a body A, u = V0,a = -g, S = —
so for both the cases velocity will be equal.

38.(c) hnth=u-|(2n-l)

LJ
For body B, u = 0 , a = +g, S = —
h

-(ii)
2 2 htt =u-—(2x6-l) = u-55
62
Equating equations (i) and (ii), we get
Given h^ = 2x hgth. By solving we get u = 65 m/s .

39.(c) Speed of the object at reaching the ground u =

Substituting the value of t in equation (i), we get
If heights are equal then velocity will also be equal.

40.(d) If tx and t2 are ^e time> when body is at ihe same

height then, h = —gt1t2 =— xgx2xl0 = 10 g.

41.(b) Speed of stone in a vertically upward direction is 4.9

u2 19.6x19.6
30.(b) Hmax=- = = 19.6 m. m/s. So for vertical downward motion we will consider
u = -4.9 m/s
31.(b) Free fall of an object (in vacuum) is a case of motion
with uniform acceleration.
= ut + -gt2 = = 9.8m.
32. (a) Sn =u + -^(2n-l);whenu = :S2 :S3 =1:3:5.
42.(b) Speed of stone in a vertically upward direction is 20m/s.
33. (d) h = ut-^ So for vertical downward motion we will consider
u = -20 m/s

= 10xl--xl0xl v2 = u2 + 2gh = (-20)2 +2x9.8x200 = 4320 m/s

2
= 10-5 =5m. :. v — 65 m / s .
34. (b) h = ^gt2
43.(b) Let at point A initial velocity of body is equal to zero
for path AB : v2 =0 + 2gh ...(i)A

for path AC : {2vf = 0 + 2gx

h-h'=g[t2-(t-t0)2]
4u2=2gx ...(ii)
B
= ^g[t2-t2-t2+2tt0] Solving (i) and (ii), x = 4h
2v
44. (b) For one dimensional motion along a plane

= ut + -at2 9.8 = 0 + - gsin30ot2=> =

Ah is increasing with time. 2 2
 Motion In One Dimension

45. (d) u = =V2xl0x20 = 20m/s Critical Thinking Questions

, _•• 2u 2x20 . (a) If t^ and 2t2 are the time taken by particle to cover first
and T = — == 4 sec.
9 10 and second half distance respectively.

46.(d) Time of flight T = — = 4 sec => u = 20 ml s.

9 X^ = 4.5 t2 and x2 = 7.512
47.(c) Time to reach the maximum height
xx
So, x1+x2 = — => 4.5t2 + 7.5t2 = —
t1=u/g

If t2 be the time taken to hit the ground

Total time t = t1+2t2=- + — = -

But t2 = ntx (given) 6 12 4
So, average speed = 4 m/sec .
,_. nu 1 n2u2
/u\ xi h j 0-u .
9 2 g^ (b) v —^- = — and or ==>t = -v
x2 t2t^ a

48. (d) At highest point v = 0 and Hmax = —.

2
t2 a t2 a
49.(b) Time of ascent = — = 6 sec => u = 60 m / s (d) uu V
9
A C B
Distance in first second hfirst = 60 - — (2 x 1 -1) = 55 m k H
Let S be the distance between AB and a be constant
Distance in seventh second will be equal to the distance
acceleration of a particle. Then
in first second of vertical downward motion u2-u2=2aS
^seventh = |(2xl-1) = 5 ITI => hflrst / h^^ =11:1. v2-u2
or aS = ... i
50.(a) When the stone is released from the balloon. Its height Let vc be velocity of a particle at midpoint C
h = -at2 = -xl.25x(8)2 = 40 m and velocity
•••^-u^=2a|^

v = at = 1.25x8 = 10 m/s
22
22
u^ ^2
=u^ +aS =u2+ [Using (i)]
Time taken by the stone to reach the ground

2x10x40
=4 sec
(10)2
(d)
51. (c) Mass does not affect maximum height.

H = —— => H <xu2 , So if velocity is doubled then

2g 3

height will become four times, i.e. H = 20x4 = 80m .

52. (c) VA = u2 - 2g{-h) = u2 + 2ght"

O is the observation point at the ground. A and B are

the positions of aircraft for which ZAOB = 30 . Time
VA = VB (Attain the same final velocity) taken by aircraft from A to B is 10s
AAOB

53. (c) -g(5)2, h2 = -g(10)2 and h3 = ^g(15)2

AB = 3400 tan 30 = ^2V3 m

.*. Speed of aircraft,

AB 3400 1Q,Q _i
u = —— =}= = 196.3ms .
10 10V3
 112 Motion In One Dimension

he area under (a) After bailing out from point A parachutist falls freely
acceleration time graph under gravity. The velocity acquired by it will V
gives change in velocity.
As acceleration is zero at
(A)
the end of 11 sec

i.e. = Area of sec.

AOAB 50 m

= -xllxlO = 55 m/s.
2
0 (B)

6. (d) Let the car accelerate at rate a for time t^ then

maximum velocity attained, v = 0 + oi1 =at1

Now, the car decelerates at a rate j3 for time (t -11)

and finally comes to rest. Then,

(C)
Ground
O = v-fi[t-t1)=> O = at1-J3t + J3t1
From v2 =u2 +2as =0 + 2x9.8x50 = 980

[Asu = 0, a = 9.8m/s2,s = 50m]

a+p
At point B, parachute opens and it moves with
ap
„. ,. retardation of 2m/s2 and reach at ground (Point C)
a+p
with velocity of 3m / s
7. (c) If a stone is dropped from height h then
For the part ^BO by applying the equation

•••(i) u2 = u2 + 2as

u = 3m/s, u = V980m/s, a = -2m/s2,s = h

If a stone is thrown upward with velocity u then
=> (3)2 = (V980)2 + 2x (-2)xh => 9 = 980 - 4h
1 2
h = -ut1+-gtf
980-9 971 = 242.7 = 243 m.
h=
If a stone is thrown downward with velocity u then

So, the total height by which parachutist bail out

-at2
2 2 2 = 50 + 243 = 293 m.

From (i) (ii) and (iii) we get

2z

• ••(iv) Velocity after travelling lm distance

v2 ^u2 + 2gh => v2 =

For second 1 m distance

Dividing (iv) and (v) we get
to h—ato :=> ato +2 -2 = 0

. ~uk _ 2
U =•
2SVs

2 -1
.2 Taking +ve sign t2 = (2-y[2)/-Jg
u1 _r
*• ~rl
or - —-
t9 tl-\
2jg
and so on.
By solving t = V2-1
1
^li^iiiiii'i ji iiiilfSiifi^^l Hi ^^iii^ii

M^tion In One Dimension 113 U^LV^$**i

SOOKDfc'POl HeC
10. (d) Interval of ball throw = 2 sec. Graphical Questions
If we want that minimum three (more than two) ball
remain in air then time of flight of first ball must be
3. (d) In the positive region the velocity decreases linearly
(during rise) and in the negative region velocity
greater than 4 sec.
increases linearly (during fall) and the direction is
T > 4 sec
opposite to each other during rise and fall, hence fall is
— > 4 sec => u > 19.6 mls shown in the negative region.
n
a
5. (d) In 's-t' graph (Position-time).
for u =19.6, first ball will just about to strike the ground
The straight line parallel with time axis represent state of
(in air)
rest.
Second ball will be at highest point (in air)

Third ball will be at point of projection or at ground (not

6. (b) Average speed is the ratio of distance to time taken.

Distance travelled from 0 to 5 s = 40 m

in air)
Distance travelled from 5tol0s = 0m
11. (a) The distance covered by the ball during the last t
seconds of its upward motion = Distance covered by it Distance travelled from 10 to 15 s = 60 m
in first t seconds of its downward motion Distance travelled from 15 to 20 s = 20

From h = ut + —gt2 So, Total distance = 40+0+60+20= 120m

O
2
Total time taken = 20 minutes.
1 2
h = —gt [As u = 0 for it downward motion] Hence, average speed

distance travelled (m) 120

1 1 • ~ — o m / mm.
12. (c) Sn=-gcos0(2n-l), Sn+1 =gcos0 {2(n + l)-l} time (mm) 20

7. (d) I is not possible because total distance covered by a

Sn 2n-l
Sn+1 2n + T particle increases with time.

II is not possible because at a particular time, position

13. (d) dt~ax=^ T^T ~a cannot have two values.

Ill is not possible because at a particular time, velocity

By integrating both sides J x~1/2dx = \adt
cannot have two values.

IV is not possible because speed can never be negative.

Vr
^^ I J. J. 9 o o
^ 1/2 at =>^-2^^*-4<*^ ••*-* •
8. (a) x^ = — at2 and x2 = u t :. xl-x2= — at2 - ut
2 2
14. (b) Given acceleration a = 61 + 5

y = —at2-ut. This equation is of parabola.

" dt

cv ct — = at-u and —=- = a

Integrating it, we have dv=\ {6t + 5)dt dt dt2
Jo Jo
i2
u = 3t + 5t + C, where C is a constant of integration. As —=- > 0 i.e., graph shows possess minima at t = — .
dt a
Whent =0, v =0soC =0
10. (b) Between time interval 20 sec to 40 sec, there is non
ds _ a ? zero acceleration and retardation. Hence distance
•'• u =— = 3t +bt or, ds = (3t +5t)dt
dt travelled during this interval
Integrating it within the conditions of motion, i.e., as t = Area between time interval 20 sec to 40 sec
changes from 0 to 2 s, s changes from 0 to s, we have
i
= -x20x3 + 20xl =30 + 20 = 50 m.
fSds=f2(3t2+5t)dt 2
Jo Jo
/c\
1
—x2xlO
r 5 i2 12. \/(/ost 2s) 2 1
.-. s = \t3+-t2\ =8 + 10 = 18m. (b) (Q\ 1 1 4"
L 2 Jo 2
x2xlO + 2xlO+ x2xlO
2
 114 Motion In One Dimension

aking the motion from 0 to 2 s 25.(a) Slope of velocity-time graph measures acceleration. For
a
t3 graph (a) slope is zero. Hence a = 0 i.e. motion is
uniform.
v = u + at = 0 + 3x2 = 6ms"1
26.(c) From acceleration time graph, acceleration is constant
Taking the motion from 2 s to 4 s 23
for first part of motion so, for this part velocity of body
-3- increases uniformly with time and as a = 0 then the
14.(d) Because acceleration due to gravity is constant so the velocity becomes constant. Then again increased

slope of line will be constant i.e. velocity time curve for because of constant acceleration.

a body projected vertically upwards is straight line. 27.(a) Given line have positive intercept but negative slope.
So its equation can be written as
15.(b) Distance covered = Area enclosed by v-t graph
(i) [where m = tan^ = — ]
= Area of triangle = — x 4 x 8 = 16m.

By differentiating with respect to time we get

16.(c) v2 = u2 + 2aS , If u = 0 then v2 ^ S
dvdx
i.e. graph should be parabola symmetric to — = -m — = -mv
dtdt
displacement axis. Now substituting the value of u from eq. (i) we get
17.(a) Using
= m2x-mvo = m2x-mv0
V= u + at dt
V= gt...(i) i.e. the graph between a and x should have positive slope
but negative intercept on a-axis. So graph (a) is correct,
Comparing with y = mx + c
28. (d) Instantaneous velocity is given by the slope of the curve
Equation (i) represents a straight line passing through
ds
origin inclined x-axis (slope-g) at that instant v = — = tan 6
dt
18.(a) For the given condition initial height h = d and velocity from the figure it is clear that slope of the curve is
of the ball is zero. When the ball moves downward its maximum at point 'C.
velocity increases and it will be maximum when the ball 29. (b) v = u + ai. As u=0, v=at.
hits the ground & just after the collision it becomes half The graph (b) is correct as v=0 at t= 0, and in the
and in opposite direction. As the ball moves upward its straight line graph ^=mx, y=v, m—a and t=x.
velocity again decreases and becomes zero at height
JEE Section
d/2 . This explanation match with graph (A).
More than one correct answers
19.(a) We know that the velocity of body is given by the slope
of displacement - time graph. So it is clear that initially , . . dvr,rxo
I. (ac) v— = -ccv or dv = -a\ dx or xQ=v0/a
slope of the graph is positive and after some time it dxJ ^oJ o
becomes zero (corresponding to the peak of graph) and dvf dv
— = -ocv or
then it will become negative. dt .jJim v0 VJO
20.(b) Maximum acceleration will be represented by CD part or v = vQe at. ;. v = 0 for t —^ .
of the graph
Reasoning type questions
A . x. dv (60-20)
dv
Acceleration = — == = 160 km / br
dt 0.25 4.(b) Statement 1 is based on visual experience. Statement 2 is
22. (c) For upward motion formula of relative velocity. But it does not explains

Effective acceleration = -(g + a) Statement 1. The correct explanation of Statement 1 is due

to visual perception of motion (due angular velocity). The
and for downward motion
object appears to be faster when its angular velocity is
Effective acceleration =[g-a)
greater w.r.t. observer.
But both are constants. So the slope of speed-time 5.(b) The expression for velocity and time can be expressed
graph will be constant. as u = (t-2)(t-4)
23. (a)Since slope of graph remains constant for velocity-time The speed is therefore zero at t = 2. Hence speed is
graph.
minimum at t — 2. But — = 2t — 6 is zero at t = 3
24. (b)Other graph shows more than one velocity of the particle dt
at single instant of time which is not practically possible. seconds.
 Metien in One Dimension 1

Comprehension type questions 11- (2)

Passage -1

-100-100
(a) (v) = = -10m/s.
At20
-\ - u/ ~ vi _ tan^-tan^
•? Consider motion of two balls with respect to rocket

8.(a) During 1st 10 sec, magnitude of the slope of x-t curve & Maximum distance of ball A from left

hence speed is decreasing motion is retarded. .. u2 0.3x0.3 0.09 nno

wall = — ==~ 0.02m
Integer type questions 2a 2x24

So collision of two balls will take place very near to left

9.(1) The situation can be roughly shown in the figure.
wall
Let C take time t to overtake A.

uR=15ms~1 vA =10ms~1 ur=10ms~1 ForB S = ut + —

2
BAC
K-1000 m —H<—1000 m —H -4 = -0.2t- -

dre, = 1000 m, vrel = (10 +15) = 25 ms"1

=> t2 + 0.2t - 4 = 0

Here t = —— == 40s
"re,25 -0.2V0.04 + 16
= 1.9
Let acceleration of B be a for overtaking.

dre, = 1000 m; urel =15-10 = 5 ms"1 Nearest integer = 2 s.

and t = 40 s Matrix Match type questions

Using dre, = urelt +-arelt2 12. A- q; B-^ p; C- s; D-^ r

s = a + flt + yt2
-a(40)2=>a =

10. (5) Velocity v = — = P + 2 yt;

dt
3

Acceleration a = —j- = 2y

Thus particle moves with constant acceleration 2y.

At t = ls, u = p+2y :. (C) -^ s

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\N\\Vs\
At t = 0, s = a.: (D) -r
For relative motion perpendicular to line of motion of A

V^=100V3=VBcos30 Average velocity during third second,s

(p + 2yt)t=2s+(P
=>VB =200m/s

500500
= 5 sec.
VRsin30
200x|
 116 Motion In One Dimension

Assertion and Reason 13.(a) Position-time graph for a stationary object is a straight
line parallel to time axis showing that no change in
(a) When body going vertically upwards, reaches at the position with time.
highest point, then it is momentarily at rest and it then
14.(a) Since slope of displacement-time graph measures
reverses its direction. At the highest point of motion, its
velocity of an object.
velocity is zero but its acceleration is equal to
acceleration due to gravity. 15.(e) For distance-time graph, a straight line inclined to time

2. (a) As motion is governed by force of gravity and axis measures uniform speed for which acceleration is

acceleration due to gravity (g) is independent of mass of zero and for uniformly accelerated motion S <^ t2 .
object. 16.(e) As per definition, acceleration is the rate of change of
(e) When a body falling freely, only gravitational force acts
. .. . - dv
on it in vertically downward direction. Due to this velocity,
ydti.e. a =—.
downward acceleration the velocity of a body increases
and will be maximum when the body touches the If velocity is constant dv/dt- 0, /. a = 0.

ground. Therefore, if a body has constant velocity it cannot have

4. (a) As displacement is either smaller or equal to distance non zero acceleration.
but never be greater than distance.
17.(a) A body has no relative motion with respect to itself.
5. (a)Since velocity is a vector quantity, hence as its direction
Hence if a frame of reference of the body is fixed, then
changes keeping magnitude constant, velocity is said to
the body will be always at relative rest in this frame of
be changed. But for constant speed in equal time
reference.
interval distance travelled should be equal.
6. (e) Speedometer measures instantaneous speed of 18.(c) The displacement is the shortest distance between initial
automobile. and final position. When final position of a body
7. (c) Negative slope of position time graph represents that coincides with its initial position, displacement is zero,
the body is moving towards the negative direction and but the distance travelled is not zero.
if the slope of the graph decrease with time then it 19.(d) Equation of motion can be applied if the acceleration is
represents the decrease in speed i.e. retardation in
in opposite direction to that of velocity and uniform
motion.
motion mean the acceleration is zero.
8. (b)A body having positive acceleration can be associated
20.(e) As velocity is a vector quantity, its value changes with
with slowing down, as time rate of change of velocity
change in direction. Therefore when a bus takes a turn
decreases, but velocity increases with time, from graph
it is clear that slope with time axis decreases, but from north to east its velocity will also change.

velocity increases with time. 21.(b) When two bodies are moving in opposite direction,
9. (b) A body having negative acceleration can be associated relative velocity between them is equal to sum of the
with a speeding up, if object moves along negative velocity of bodies. But if the bodies are moving in same
X-direction with increasing speed. direction their relative velocity is equal to difference in
10. (c) An object is said to be in uniform motion if it undergoes velocity of the bodies.
equal displacement in equal intervals of time.
22.(a) According to definition, displacement = velocity x time
Since displacement is a vector quantity so its value is
nt ~ t
equal to the vector sum of the area under velocity-time

and uf,,o = graph.

t
23.(c) In uniform motion the object moves with uniform
Thus, in uniform motion average and instantaneous
velocity, the magnitude of its velocity at different instant
velocities have same value and body moves with
i.e. at t = 0, t — lsec, t = 2sec,.... will always be
constant velocity.
11.(a) Motion of rocket is based on action reaction constant. Thus velocity-time graph for an object in

phenomena and is governed by rate of fuel burning uniform motion along a straight path is a straight line

causing the change in momentum of ejected gas. parallel to time axis.

12.(e) If the position-time graph of a body moving uniformly is 24.(e) The uniform motion of a body means that the body is
a straight line parallel to position axis, it means that the moving with constant velocity, but if the direction of
position of body is changing at constant time. The motion is changing (such as in uniform circular motion),
statement is abrupt and shows that the velocity of body its velocity changes and thus acceleration is produced in
is infinite. uniform motion.
 Motion In One Dimension
1. A projectile is fired vertically upwards with an initial velocity 6. A body falls freely from the top of a tower. It covers 36% of
u. After an interval of T seconds a second projectile is fired the total height in the last second before striking the ground
vertically upwards, also with initial velocity u. level. The height of the tower is

(a) 50 m(b) 75 m
(a) They meet at time t = — and at a height1- ——
32g 8 (c) 100 m(d) 125 m
7. If the velocity of a particle is (10 + 2?) mis, then the
(b) They meet at time t - — + — and at a height
average acceleration of the particle between 2s and 5s is
3 2
(a) 2m/s2(b) 4 mis2
2g 8 (c) 12 mis2 (d) 14 mis2
(c) They meet at time t = —i— and at a height 8. A bullet moving with a velocity of 200 cm/s penetrates a
wooden block and comes to rest after traversing 4 cm inside
it. What velocity is needed for travelling distance of 9 cm in

2g 8 same block

(a) 100 cm/s(b) 136.2 cm/s

(d) They never meet

2. A particle moves along the sides AB, BC, CD of a square of (c) 300 cm Is (d) 250 cm/s
side 25 m with a velocity of 15 ms"1. Its average velocity is 9. A thief is running away on a straight road in jeep moving

(a)15 ms"1cB with a speed of 9 ms" . A police man chases him on a

motor cycle moving at a speed of 10ms" .If the

(b)10 ms"1
instantaneous separation of the jeep from the motorcycle is
(c)7.5 ms"1 100 m, how long will it take for the police to catch the thief

(d)5 ms"1DA
(a) Is(b) 19s
(c) 90s(d) 100s
A body has speed V, 2V and 3V in first 1/3 of distance S,
10. A car A is travelling on a straight level road with a uniform
seconds 1/3 of S and third 1/3 of S respectively. Its average
speed of 60 km / h. It is followed by another car B which is
speed will be
moving with a speed of 70 km I h. When the distance
(a) V(b) 2V between them is 2.5 km, the car B is given a deceleration of

20 km I h . After how much time will B catch up with A

(c) —V(d) —V
(a) lhr(b) 1/2 hr
A particle is projected upwards. The times corresponding to
(c) 1/4 hr(d) 1/8 hr
height h while ascending and while descending are tt and t2
11. The speed of a body moving with uniform acceleration is u.
respectively. The velocity of projection will be [KCET 2008]
This speed is doubled while covering a distance S. When it
(a) st\ (b) 3*2 covers an additional distance S, its speed would become

+ t2) (a) V3u(b) V5u

(c) si (d)
(c) VTTu(d) V7u
The displacement of the particle varies with time according
12. Two trains one of length 100 m and another of length 125
to the relation x = —[l-e"bt]. Then the velocity of the
m, are moving in mutually opposite directions along parallel
b
lines, meet each other, each with speed 10m/s. If their
particle is
acceleration are 0.3m/s and 0.2m/s respectively, then
(a) k(e~bt) the time they take to pass each other wil! be
(b) -bt
(a) 5 s(b) 10 s
(c) kbe -bt (d) None of these
(c) 15 s(d) 20 s
 118 Motion In One Dimension

13. A body starts from rest with uniform acceleration. If its 19. A stone is dropped from a height h. Simultaneously, another
velocity after n second is u, then its displacement in the last stone is thrown up from the ground which reaches a height
two seconds is 4 h. The two stones cross each other after time
, . 2u(n + l)... u(n + l)
(b)
n n (b) J8^h
u(n-l) 2w(n-l)
(c) (d)
nn
14. A point starts moving in a straight line with a certain (c) J2gh(d)
acceleration. At a time t after beginning of motion the
acceleration suddenly becomes retardation of the same
20.Four marbles are dropped from the top of a tower one after
value. The time in which the point returns to the initial point
the other with an interval of one second. The first one
is
reaches the ground after 4 seconds. When the first one
(a) yf2t
reaches the ground the distances between the first and

(b) second, the second and third and the third and forth will be

t respectively
(c)
(a) 35, 25 and 15 m(b) 30, 20 and 10 m
(d) Cannot be predicted unless acceleration is given
(c) 20, 10 and 5 m(d) 40, 30 and 20 m
15.A particle is moving in a straight line and passes through a
point Owith a velocity of 6 ms"1. The particle moves with 21.A balloon rises from rest with a constant acceleration g/8.

A stone is released from it when it has risen to height h. The

a constant retardation of 2 ms for 4 s and there after
time taken by the stone to reach the ground is [AIIMS 2010]
moves with constant velocity. How long after leaving
O does the particle return to O (a, 4J^(b) 2j^
(a) 3s(b) 8s \9
(c) Never(d) 4s
16.A bird flies for 4 s with a velocity of |i-2|m/s in a (c)
straight line, where t is time in seconds. It covers a distance
of 22. Two bodies are thrown simultaneously from a tower with
(a) 2 m(b) 4 m same initial velocity u0 : one vertically upwards, the other

(c) 6 m(d) 8 m vertically downwards. The distance between the two bodies
17.A particle is projected with velocity u0 along x-axis. The after time t is
deceleration on the particle is proportional to the square of
the distance from the origin i.e., a = -ax2. The distance at (a) (b) 2v0t

which the particle stops is

(c) (d) vot
3^3
(a) (b) 2a J 23. An aeroplane flies around a square field ABCD of each side
1000 km. Its speed along AB is 250 kmh~l, along BC

(c\ (d) 2a
500 km h"1, along CD 200 kmh'1, and along DA 100

A body is projected vertically up with a velocity v and after kmhT1. Its average speed (in krnhT1) over the entire trip is
18.
some time it returns to the point from which it was
[Kerala PET 2010]
projected. The average velocity and average speed of the
body for the total time of flight are (a) 225.5(b) 175.5
(a) u/2 and.u/2(b) Oand v/2
(c) 125.5(d) 310.5
(c) OandO (d) v/2 andO (e) 190.5
 Motion In One Dimension 119

(c) For first projectile, h1=utgt2 8. (c) As u2=u2-2os=>u2 =2as (v v = 0)

0 ,1/2
U2 oc
For second projectile, h2 =u(t-T) — g(t-T)2

When both meet i.e. l\=h2 u2J*)ll2u =^u =

9.(d) The relative velocity of policeman w.r.t. thief

= 10-9 = lm/s.

-+- .-. Time taken by police to catch the thief == 100 sec
g 2

,, (u T) 1 (u T 10.(b) Let car B catches, car A after 't' sec, then

and h, = u — + —g — + —
U 2j 2^U 2 .5 = 70t — x20xt2
2
u2 ST2
10t2-10t + 2.5 =
2g 8
^_lVl-4x(0.25) _
,,, A... Total displacement 25 ^ , .-. t = = -hr
(d) Average velocity = ==5m/s 22
Time taken75 /15
11.(d) As u2 = u2 + 2os => (2u)2 = u2 + 2os => 2as = 3u2
Total distance 18 Now, after covering an additional distance s, if velocity
c vm =
Timetaken x/3 | x/3 | x/3 becomes v, then,
v 2
2v 3v
u2 = u2 + 2a(2s) = u2 + 4as = u2 + 6u2 = 7u2
(d) If tx and t2 are time of ascent and descent respectively

then time of flight T = t1+t2- — 12.(b) Relative velocity of one train w.r.t. other
9 = 10+10=20m/s.
_9(h+t2) Relative acceleration =0.3+0.2=0.5 m/^
=> u-
2
If trains cross each other then from s = ut-\—at2
_db 2
5. (a) V~ d
As, 5 = 8^82 =100 + 125 = 225

6. (d)
(d) Let
Lethe
height tower is h and body takes t time to reach
iaht of fry -x0.5xt2 => 0.5t2 +40t-450 = 0
to ground when it fall freely.
t _ - 40 V1600 + 4.(005) x~450 _
—^ t ~~~~— ^rU Jl OU

.'. t = 10sec (Taking +ve value).

In last second i.e. tth sec body travels = 0.36 h
13. (d) v u = 0 + na^>a = u/n
It means in rest of the time i.e. in (t -1) sec it travels
Now, distance travelled in n sec. => Sn =— an2 and
2
Now applying equation of motion for (t - 1) sec distance travelled in (n - 2) sec => Sn_2 = — a(n - 2)2

...(ii) .•. Distance travelled in last two seconds,

From (i) and (ii) we get, t = 5 sec and h - 125m = -an --a(n-

,,, A1 ..Change in velocity v9—v^

7. (d) Average acceleration =-— =—+ = __[n2-(n-2)2]=-|[n + (n-
Time takent2 — tx
_[l0 + 2(5)2]-[l0 + 2(2)2]_60-18 _
= a(2n-2) =^(2n-
33 n
 120 Motion 2n One Dimension

this problem point starts moving with uniform 16. (b) The velocity time graph for given problem is shown in
acceleration a and after time t (Position B) the direction the figure.
of acceleration get reversed i.e. the retardation of same
value works on the point. Due to this velocity of points v(m/s)
goes on decreasing and at position C its velocity
becomes zero. Now the direction of motion of point
reversed and it moves from C to A under the effect of
02t (sec)
acceleration a.
We have to calculate the total time in this motion. Distance travelled S = Area under curve = 2+2=4m.
Starting velocity at position A is equal to zero. ^_ ...dv dv dx dv2 r/^- i
17. (d) a = — ==u— = -ax [Given]
Velocity at position B => v = at[As u = 0] dt dx dt dx

A B C) os
=> J vdv = -a\ x2dx
=I^ u00
Distance between A and B,
0
As same amount of retardation works on a point and it u x
= -a\ ~3
comes to rest therefore SBC = =—at2 "0
^ = aS3
•"• SAC = SAB + SBC =at2 and time required to cover
2 3
this distance is also equal to t.
i
.: Total time taken for motion between A and C — 2t
=> s =
Now for the return journey from C to A \SAC - a t2) 2a

SAC =ut +—at => at =O + —atf => U = V2 t 18. (b) Average velocity =0 because net displacement of the
ac22 i i
body is zero.
Hence total time in which point returns to initial point
. , Total distance covered 2Hm,x
Average speed = - max
Time of flight 2u/g
15. (b) Let the particle moves toward right with velocity 6 mis. 2u2l2g
Due to retardation after time tx its velocity becomes => vm, =
2ulg
zero.
=> vau=ul2
O<
Velocity of projection = v [Given]

B lsec
From v = u-at=> 0 = 6-2xt1 => t^=3sec
19. (a) For first stone u = 0 and
But retardation works on it for 4 sec. It means after
u2
reaching point A direction of motion get reversed and For second stone — = 4h => u2 = 8gh
acceleration works on the particle for next one second. 2g
u=0
=6x3--(2)(3)2=18-9 =

h --
SAB=^x2x(l)2=lm Now, hi =—gt'

•'• SBC = S0A - SAB = 9 -1 = 8m.

Now velocity of the particle at point B in return journey

^ = 0 + 2xl =2m/s where, t =^ime to cross each other.

In return journey from B to C, particle moves with v hi + h2 = h

constant velocity 2 mis to cover the distance 8m.
Distance 8
8 „
Time taken = = — = 4 sec
Velocity 2
Total time taken by particle to return at point 0 is
=> t =
I8gh
 Motion In One Dimension 121

1 g x 16 = 8g
20.(a) For first marble, \ = — 22. (b) For vertically upward motion, h^ =uotgt2and for

- t=0
vertically downward motion, h2 = vot + — g t2
-- t=ls
.: Total distance covered in t sec h = = 2vnt .
*" t=2s
23 n ^^1^-^ c
-- t=3s
-^ f=4s
4
For Second marble, h2 = — g x 9 = 4.5g LO

For third marble, h3 = — g x 4 = 2g

-^

A 1000 km
I
B
For fourth marble, h4 =—gxl = 0.5g 250 km h

Let t^^gQ^Q^ and tDA be the time taken by the

.'. h1-h2=8g- 4.5g = 3.5g = 35m.
aeroplane to go from A to B, B to C, C to D and D to A
h2 - h3 = 4.5s - 2g = 2.5s = 25m and
respectively.
h3 - h4 = 2g - 0.5s = 1.5g = 15m .
1000/cm
• • mb r 4n
4
250 km fT1
21.(b) The velocity of balloon at height h, v= |2| —
. _ 1000/cm
•• ^bc r = ^h
When the stone released from this balloon, it will go 500 km h'1

upward with velocity v = ^~- (Same as that of balloon). 1000 km

•'• ^cd =r = bn
200 km h-1
In this condition time taken by stone to reach the ground

•• ^D4 =r = 10h
100/cm h"1

., Total distance covered

Average speed =
Total time taken

1000 km + 1000/cm +1000 km +1000 km

+ ^e + hD + ^

= 190.5 km h-1.
 Chapter

3
Motion In Two Dimension

The motion of an object is called two dimensional, if two of Projectile

the three co-ordinates required to specify the position of the object
A body which is in flight through the atmosphere under the
in space, change w.r.t time.
effect of gravity alone and is not being propelled by any fuel is
In such a motion, the object moves in a plane. For example, called projectile and its motion is called projectile motion.
a billiard ball moving over the billiard table, an insect crawling over
Example:
the floor of a room, earth revolving around the sun etc.
(i) A bomb released from an aeroplane in level flight
Two special cases of motion in two dimensions are
(ii) A bullet fired from a gun
1. Projectile motion 2. Circular motion
(iii) An arrow released from bow
Introduction of Projectile Motion (iv) A Javelin thrown by an athlete

A hunter aims his gun and fires a bullet directly towards a Assumptions of Projectile Motion
monkey sitting on a distant tree. If the monkey remains in his
(1)There is no resistance due to air.
position, he will be safe but at the instant the bullet leaves the
barrel of gun, if the monkey drops from the tree, the bullet will hit (2)The effect due to curvature of earth is negligible.

the monkey because the bullet will not follow the linear path. (3)The effect due to rotation of earth is negligible.

(4)For all points of the trajectory, the acceleration due to

gravity 'g' is constant in magnitude and direction.

Principle of Physical Independence of Motions

(1)The motion of a projectile is a two-dimensional motion.
usinQ
So, it can be discussed in two parts. Horizontal motion and vertical
motion. These two motions take place independent of each other.
ucos
This is called the principle of physical independence of motions.

(2)The velocity of the particle can be resolved into two

•^Fig : 3.1
mutually perpendicular components. Horizontal component and
The path of motion of a bullet will be parabolic and this vertical component.
motion of bullet is defined as projectile motion.
(3)The horizontal component remains unchanged
If the force acting on a particle is oblique with initial velocity throughout the flight. The force of gravity continuously affects the
then the motion of particle is called projectile motion. vertical component.

The trajectory of a projectile moving under the influence of (4)The horizontal motion is a uniform motion and the
a constant acceleration is a parabola. vertical motion is a uniformly accelerated or retarded motion.