Work from Home

Introduction
Virtual working refers to work that is done remotely, typically using digital tools
and technology, rather than in a physical office or workplace. This type of work has
become increasingly popular in recent years due to advances in technology,
changing attitudes towards work, and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Virtual working can take many forms, including telecommuting, freelancing, online
tutoring, and virtual team collaboration. It often involves the use of communication
tools like video conferencing, email, instant messaging, and collaboration platforms
such as Slack, Trello, or Asana.

One of the benefits of virtual working is the flexibility it offers, allowing workers to
balance their work and personal lives more effectively. It can also reduce
commuting time and costs and improve work-life balance.

However, virtual working also poses its own challenges, such as maintaining
communication and collaboration among team members, managing time and
workload effectively, and ensuring data security and privacy. Employers and
employees need to carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of virtual
working before deciding whether it is a suitable option for their organization or
role.

Advantages
1. Flexibility: Virtual working offers flexibility to employees, allowing them to work
from anywhere, anytime, as long as they have access to the necessary tools and
technology.
2. Cost savings: Employees and employers can save costs associated with commuting,
office space rental, and other expenses related to maintaining a physical
workspace.
3. Improved work-life balance: Virtual working allows employees to better balance
their work and personal life, reducing stress and improving overall well-being.
4. Increased productivity: Studies have shown that virtual working can lead to
increased productivity due to fewer distractions and interruptions.
5. Access to a larger talent pool: Virtual working allows employers to hire talent from
around the world, giving them access to a wider pool of skilled workers.

Disadvantages
1. Communication barriers: Virtual working can create communication barriers that
can lead to misunderstandings and hinder collaboration between team members.
2. Lack of social interaction: Virtual working can lead to a lack of social interaction and
isolation, which can negatively impact employee morale and well-being.
3. Difficulty with time management: Virtual working requires a high level of self-
discipline and time management skills, which not all employees may possess.
4. Technology challenges: Virtual working relies heavily on technology, which can
create challenges when technical issues arise or when employees lack the
necessary tools or skills.
5. Security risks: Virtual working can create security risks when employees access
sensitive company information from outside the office or when using personal
devices to access work-related data.

Challenges
1. Communication: Communication can be a challenge in virtual working
environments, particularly if there are language barriers or if team members are in
different time zones. It can be challenging to maintain effective communication and
collaboration without face-to-face interaction.
2. Productivity: Working from home or outside of a traditional office environment can
present distractions, such as household chores, family responsibilities, or personal
phone calls, which can impact productivity.
3. Isolation: Virtual workers may feel isolated or disconnected from their colleagues,
leading to feelings of loneliness, which can negatively impact mental health.
4. Technology: Technical issues, such as poor internet connection, software errors, or
hardware malfunctions, can hinder virtual work, leading to delays or missed
deadlines.
5. Time management: Virtual workers must be self-motivated and self-disciplined,
and effectively manage their time, tasks, and deadlines. Without clear guidelines
and expectations, it can be challenging to maintain focus and productivity.
6. Cyber security: Virtual working can increase the risk of data breaches and cyber-
attacks, as employees may use personal devices or unsecured networks to access
company data.
7. Work-life balance: Without clear boundaries between work and personal life,
virtual workers may find it challenging to maintain a healthy work-life balance. This
can lead to burnout, stress, and decreased productivity.

Employers and employees must work together to mitigate these challenges by

establishing clear communication protocols, providing access to necessary
technology and resources, establishing clear expectations, and encouraging work-
life balance.

Examples
1. Remote software development: Many software development companies in Nepal
are embracing virtual working, with employees working remotely from home or
other locations. These companies use collaboration tools like Slack, Zoom, and
Google Drive to facilitate communication and collaboration.
2. Online tutoring and education: With the growth of e-learning platforms, online
tutoring and education have become popular virtual working options in Nepal.
Companies like Edushala, Nepsquare, and Janaki Technology offer online tutoring
and educational services to students in Nepal and other countries.
3. Virtual call centers: Several Nepali companies provide virtual call center services to
international clients, with agents working remotely from home. These call centers
use cloud-based software to manage call routing, customer data, and performance
tracking.
4. Freelance writing and content creation: Nepali freelance writers and content
creators work remotely, providing services to clients worldwide. They use tools like
Grammarly, Hemingway, and Google Docs to create and edit content, and
platforms like Fiverr, Upwork, and Freelancer to find clients.
5. Digital marketing and social media management: Digital marketing agencies and
social media management companies in Nepal often operate remotely, with
employees working from home or other locations. They use tools like Hootsuite,
Buffer, and Google Analytics to manage social media accounts, create and
distribute content, and track metrics.

These are just a few examples of virtual working in Nepal, and the trend is likely to
continue as more companies embrace remote work options.
 Implementation
1. IBM: IBM is one of the largest technology companies in the world, with a global
workforce of over 300,000 employees. The company has embraced virtual working,
with over 40% of its employees working remotely. IBM provides its employees with
the necessary tools and technology to work from home and has seen significant
improvements in productivity, cost savings, and employee satisfaction.
2. Dell: Dell is another technology company that has embraced virtual working. The
company has over 100,000 employees worldwide, with a significant portion
working remotely. Dell provides its employees with access to collaboration tools
like Slack, Zoom, and Microsoft Teams, which have helped to improve
communication and productivity. The company has reported significant cost
savings from reduced office space and utilities.
3. Automattic: Automattic is a software company that is fully remote, with over 1,200
employees working from home or other locations around the world. The company
uses collaboration tools like Slack, Zoom, and P2 to communicate and collaborate.
Automattic has reported high levels of employee satisfaction, low turnover rates,
and impressive growth, with over $1 billion in annual revenue.

Not successful virtual working:

1. Yahoo: In 2013, Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer ended the company's remote work
program, requiring all employees to work from company offices. The decision was
met with significant backlash, as many employees valued the flexibility and work-
life balance that remote work provided. The move was criticized for being short-
sighted and hindering employee morale and productivity.
2. Best Buy: In 2012, Best Buy ended its results-only work environment (ROWE)
program, which allowed employees to work when and where they wanted, as long
as they achieved their results. The company cited concerns about communication
and collaboration as reasons for ending the program. However, employees
criticized the move for being regressive and hindering productivity.
3. IBM (again): While IBM has been successful in embracing virtual working, the
company also had a significant downsizing effort in 2017 that targeted remote
workers. The move was criticized for being hypocritical and hindering the
company's progress towards a more flexible and agile workforce.
 Innovation
Introduction
Innovation in business refers to the process of introducing new ideas, methods,
products, services, or processes that create value and improve the competitiveness
of a company. Innovation can take many forms, from incremental improvements
to existing products or services to disruptive technologies that completely
transform an industry.

Innovation is essential for businesses to remain competitive and meet changing

customer needs and demands. It can provide numerous benefits, including:

 Competitive advantage: Innovation can help businesses stay ahead of their

competitors by providing new products or services that meet customer needs and
demands more effectively.
 Increased efficiency and productivity: Innovation can lead to process
improvements and efficiencies that increase productivity and reduce costs.
 Improved customer experience: Innovation can lead to the development of new
products or services that improve the customer experience and create stronger
relationships with customers.
 Business growth: Innovation can drive business growth by creating new revenue
streams and expanding into new markets.

Innovation can take place in various areas of a business, including:

 Product innovation: This refers to the development of new or improved

products or services. Apple's introduction of the iPhone was a product
innovation that revolutionized the mobile phone industry.
 Process innovation: This refers to the development of new or improved
processes that lead to greater efficiency and productivity. . Examples
include the use of automation and artificial intelligence to streamline
manufacturing processes, or the adoption of lean methodologies to reduce
waste and improve quality.
 Marketing innovation: This type of innovation involves finding new and
creative ways to market products or services. For example, Red Bull's
 "extreme sports" marketing campaign was a marketing innovation that
helped to create a new market for energy drinks.
 Business model innovation: This refers to the development of new or
improved business models that create value for customers and generate
revenue for the company. For example, Netflix's shift from a DVD rental
business model to a streaming video business model was a business model
innovation that allowed them to capitalize on new technologies and
changing consumer preferences.
 Organizational innovation: This refers to the development of new or
improved structures, processes, and systems within the organization that
enhance its ability to innovate and adapt to change. For example flexible
work arrangements to improve employee satisfaction and retention.
 Technological innovation: This type of innovation involves creating new or
improved technologies. For example, Tesla's development of electric
vehicles was a technological innovation that disrupted the traditional
automotive industry.
 Service innovation: This involves developing new or improved services to
meet customer needs. For example, the online banking services offered by
many banks today are a service innovation that allows customers to
manage their finances more conveniently and efficiently.
 Social innovation: This involves developing new solutions to social problems
or challenges. For example, the Grameen Bank's microfinance program in
Bangladesh was a social innovation that provided small loans to poor
entrepreneurs, helping them to start or expand businesses and improve
their economic conditions.

Businesses can foster innovation by creating a culture that encourages

experimentation and risk-taking, investing in research and development, and
partnering with external organizations to access new ideas and expertise.
 Innovation for entrepreneurs
Innovation is crucial for entrepreneurs, as it allows them to create new products or
services that can disrupt existing markets and create new opportunities. Here are
some key ways that entrepreneurs can foster innovation:

1. Identify customer needs: Innovation often starts with identifying a customer need
or problem that is not being addressed by existing products or services.
Entrepreneurs can conduct market research, surveys, and focus groups to gain
insight into customer needs and preferences.
2. Embrace new technologies: Entrepreneurs should keep up-to-date with new
technologies and trends that may enable them to develop innovative products or
services. This may involve investing in research and development or partnering
with external experts to access new ideas and expertise.
3. Foster a culture of innovation: Entrepreneurs should create a culture that
encourages experimentation, risk-taking, and creativity. This may involve providing
employees with the freedom to explore new ideas and providing resources and
support to help bring those ideas to fruition.
4. Collaborate with others: Entrepreneurs can collaborate with other entrepreneurs,
industry experts, and academia to access new ideas and expertise. Collaboration
can take many forms, including joint ventures, partnerships, and networking
events.
5. Continuous learning: Entrepreneurs should be open to continuous learning and
improvement. This may involve attending conferences, workshops, and other
educational events to stay up-to-date with industry trends and best practices.
6. Iterative design: Entrepreneurs can use an iterative design approach to develop
their products or services. This involves creating a prototype, testing it with
customers, and using feedback to refine and improve the product or service.

Innovation is a key driver of success for entrepreneurs. By staying up-to-date with

new technologies, identifying customer needs, and fostering a culture of
innovation, entrepreneurs can create products and services that meet the evolving
needs of customers and disrupt existing markets.

Disruptive Innovation
Disruptive innovation refers to the introduction of a new product or service that
creates a new market and eventually displaces existing products or services. Here
are some examples of disruptive innovation in Nepal and other countries:
1. Nepal: eSewa - eSewa is a digital wallet and payment gateway that has disrupted
the traditional banking and payment system in Nepal. It allows users to pay bills,
transfer money, and make purchases online, and has become widely adopted in
Nepal due to its convenience and ease of use.
2. United States: Uber - Uber is a ride-sharing app that has disrupted the traditional
taxi industry in the United States and around the world. It allows users to request
rides from drivers using their smartphone and has become a popular alternative to
traditional taxis due to its convenience and lower prices.
3. China: Xiaomi - Xiaomi is a smartphone and consumer electronics company that has
disrupted the global smartphone market. It offers high-quality products at lower
prices than competitors like Apple and Samsung, and has become a popular brand
in China and other emerging markets.
4. India: Ola - Ola is a ride-sharing app that has disrupted the traditional taxi industry
in India. It allows users to request rides from drivers using their smartphone and
has become a popular alternative to traditional taxis due to its convenience and
lower prices.
5. United Kingdom: Monzo - Monzo is a digital bank that has disrupted the traditional
banking industry in the UK. It offers a mobile app that allows users to manage their
finances, make payments, and track their spending, and has become popular
among younger customers who prefer digital banking.

Disruptive innovation is an important driver of growth and competitiveness in

today's global economy. By introducing new products or services that meet unmet
needs or offer greater convenience, entrepreneurs can create new markets and
disrupt existing industries.

Adapter and Innovator

Innovation and adaptation are two different approaches to responding to changes
in the business environment. Innovators are those who develop new ideas,
products, or processes that disrupt existing markets or create new ones. They are
often entrepreneurs who are willing to take risks and challenge established ways
of doing things. Innovators are driven by the desire to create something new and
are often motivated by a vision for the future.

On the other hand, adapters are those who respond to changes in the business
environment by making incremental changes to existing products or processes.
Adapters are more likely to be established businesses that have a history of success
 and are focused on maintaining their market position. Adapters are driven by the
need to stay competitive and meet the changing needs of their customers.

Both innovators and adapters have an important role to play in the business world.
Innovators are essential for driving progress and creating new markets, while
adapters are essential for maintaining the stability and competitiveness of
established businesses. However, the mindset and approach of innovators and
adapters are different, and the skills required for each may be different as well.
Innovators need to be creative, risk-tolerant, and have a strong vision for the
future. Adapters need to be flexible, adaptable, and responsive to changes in the
market. Ultimately, both innovators and adapters are necessary for a healthy and
dynamic business ecosystem.

Examples
1. Khalti Digital Wallet: Khalti is a digital wallet and payment gateway that has
revolutionized the way people make payments in Nepal. It allows users to pay bills,
top up mobile phones, and make purchases online or in-store using their
smartphone. Khalti has been recognized as one of the most innovative startups in
Nepal, and has received funding from both national and international investors.
2. Karkhana: Karkhana is an educational maker space that provides hands-on learning
experiences for students in Nepal. It offers courses in robotics, electronics, coding,
and other STEM subjects, and has a mission to develop a generation of creative
problem solvers in Nepal. Karkhana has been recognized for its innovative
approach to education, and has won numerous awards both nationally and
internationally.
3. SmartPaani: SmartPaani is a social enterprise that provides water solutions for
households and communities in Nepal. It offers rainwater harvesting systems,
water filtration systems, and other water management services to help
communities access clean and sustainable water sources. SmartPaani has been
recognized for its innovative approach to addressing Nepal's water scarcity
challenges.
4. ICT for Agriculture: ICT for Agriculture is a project that uses technology to improve
agricultural practices and productivity in Nepal. It provides farmers with access to
information on weather patterns, crop management, and market prices, and helps
them make informed decisions about their farming practices. ICT for Agriculture
has been recognized for its innovative use of technology to address Nepal's
agricultural challenges.
 These are just a few examples of the many innovative initiatives and startups that
are emerging in Nepal. Despite its challenges, Nepal has a growing community of
innovators and entrepreneurs who are driving progress and change in the country.

Innovation and value addition in business

Innovation can add significant value to a business firm in a number of ways:

1. Improved products or services: Innovation can lead to the development of new and
improved products or services that better meet the needs and preferences of
customers. This can increase customer satisfaction and loyalty, leading to increased
sales and revenue for the business.
2. Increased efficiency: Innovation can lead to the development of new processes or
technologies that improve efficiency and reduce costs. This can lead to increased
profitability and competitiveness for the business.
3. Competitive advantage: Innovation can provide a competitive advantage by
differentiating a business from its competitors. This can help the business to attract
and retain customers, and can also help to attract and retain talented employees.
4. Brand value: Innovation can enhance a company's brand value and reputation.
Customers may view the company as more innovative and forward-thinking, which
can enhance its image and increase its appeal to potential customers.
5. Growth opportunities: Innovation can create new growth opportunities for a
business by expanding into new markets or creating new products or services. This
can help the business to diversify its revenue streams and reduce its reliance on
any one product or market.

Innovation, therefore, can provide a wide range of benefits to a business firm,

including increased revenue, profitability, competitiveness, and growth
opportunities.

Popular Innovation
1. Smartphones: The smartphone is one of the most popular innovations of the last
decade. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and access
information, and has opened up new possibilities for businesses and individuals
alike.
2. Social media: Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have
transformed the way we connect with others and consume news and
 entertainment. They have also created new marketing opportunities for businesses
and brands.
3. Online shopping: E-commerce platforms like Amazon and Alibaba have made it
easier than ever to shop online, and have created new opportunities for businesses
to sell products and reach customers.
4. Ride-sharing: Services like Uber and Lyft have disrupted the traditional taxi industry
and made it easier and more affordable to get around in urban areas.

Open and closed innovation

Closed innovation refers to a traditional approach to innovation where a company

relies solely on its internal resources and expertise to develop new products or
technologies. This approach emphasizes secrecy and control, and typically
involves a hierarchical management structure where ideas and innovations flow
from the top down. The focus is on developing products or services that are
better than those of competitors, and the company seeks to maintain a
competitive advantage by keeping its intellectual property and trade secrets
secret. An example of a company that has traditionally used closed innovation is
Apple, which has relied on its own research and development team to develop
new products.

Open innovation, on the other hand, is a more collaborative approach to

innovation that involves sharing ideas and resources across organizational
boundaries. This approach recognizes that ideas and expertise can come from a
wide range of sources, including customers, suppliers, and even competitors.
Open innovation emphasizes collaboration and co-creation, and often involves
partnerships and alliances between companies, as well as the use of
crowdsourcing and other open innovation platforms to gather ideas and feedback
from a wider community. An example of a company that has embraced open
innovation is LEGO, which has developed a number of new products through
collaborations with outside partners and by engaging with its fan community
through crowdsourcing platforms.
Product vs Process innovation
 Social Entrepreneurship
Social entrepreneurship refers to the practice of using business principles and
strategies to create social or environmental impact, in addition to generating
financial returns. Social entrepreneurs aim to solve social problems and promote
positive social change, while also running a sustainable and profitable business.

Social entrepreneurs identify a social problem or need, and then create innovative
and sustainable business models to address the problem or need. These
businesses may operate in a variety of sectors, such as healthcare, education,
agriculture, energy, or sanitation. The focus of social entrepreneurship is not just
on creating a profitable business, but also on achieving social or environmental
impact.

Social entrepreneurship is becoming an increasingly popular approach to

addressing social and environmental challenges, as it combines the power of
business with a commitment to social responsibility. Examples of successful social
enterprises include TOMS, which donates a pair of shoes to a child in need for
every pair of shoes sold, and Grameen Bank, which provides microfinance services
to people in poverty.

In summary, social entrepreneurship is the practice of using business principles

and strategies to create social or environmental impact, while also generating
financial returns. Social entrepreneurs aim to solve social problems through
innovative and sustainable business models.

Importance
1. Addressing social and environmental challenges: Social entrepreneurs identify
social and environmental problems and develop innovative solutions to address
them. They create businesses that serve a social purpose and contribute to
sustainable development.
2. Creating employment opportunities: Social entrepreneurs create employment
opportunities for people in their communities, especially for those who are
marginalized or disadvantaged. By doing so, they promote economic growth and
reduce poverty.
3. Encouraging innovation: Social entrepreneurship encourages innovation by
challenging traditional business models and finding new ways to create social and
 environmental impact. It inspires people to think creatively and come up with
innovative solutions to complex problems.
4. Mobilizing resources: Social entrepreneurs mobilize resources from multiple
sources, including government, private sector, and civil society, to achieve their
social and environmental goals. This helps to leverage resources for greater
impact and to create sustainable solutions.
5. Empowering communities: Social entrepreneurship empowers communities by
providing them with access to essential goods and services, such as healthcare,
education, and clean energy. It also promotes social inclusion and builds
community resilience.

In summary, social entrepreneurship is important because it addresses social and

environmental challenges, creates employment opportunities, encourages
innovation, mobilizes resources, and empowers communities. It is a powerful tool
for creating positive social change and promoting sustainable development.

Challenges for social Entrepreneur

1. Limited access to finance: Social entrepreneurs often face challenges accessing
finance, especially at the early stages of their business development. Traditional
sources of funding may not be available or may not understand the unique needs
of social enterprises.
2. Balancing social impact and financial sustainability: Social entrepreneurs must
balance their social mission with financial sustainability. This can be a delicate
balance, as the pursuit of social impact may not always generate enough revenue
to sustain the business.
3. Scaling impact: Scaling social impact can be challenging, as social enterprises
often operate in complex and rapidly changing environments. Social
entrepreneurs must find ways to scale their impact without compromising their
social mission.
4. Limited awareness and understanding: Many people are not aware of what social
entrepreneurship is, or the potential impact it can have. This can limit the visibility
and recognition of social entrepreneurs, and make it harder for them to access
resources and support.
5. Government regulations: Social enterprises may face challenges navigating
government regulations, which can vary depending on the country and sector.
This can create barriers to entry, limit growth potential, and increase operating
costs.
 Traits
1. Passion and purpose: Social entrepreneurs are driven by a deep passion and
purpose to create positive social change. They are committed to their cause and
motivated by a desire to make a difference in the world.
2. Creativity and innovation: Social entrepreneurs are creative and innovative in
their approach to problem-solving. They are not afraid to challenge traditional
thinking and find new solutions to complex social and environmental problems.
3. Resilience and adaptability: Social entrepreneurs are resilient and adaptable in
the face of challenges and setbacks. They are able to navigate uncertainty and
change, and are flexible in their approach to achieving their goals.
4. Leadership and vision: Social entrepreneurs are strong leaders with a clear vision
for their business and the impact they want to create. They are able to inspire and
motivate others to join their cause and work towards a common goal.
5. Empathy and compassion: Social entrepreneurs have a deep sense of empathy
and compassion for the communities they serve. They are able to connect with
people from different backgrounds and cultures, and are committed to creating
solutions that are inclusive and equitable.
6. Business acumen: Social entrepreneurs possess strong business acumen and are
able to apply sound business principles to their social and environmental goals.
They are able to create sustainable and financially viable business models that
achieve both social impact and financial returns.
7. Collaboration and networking: Social entrepreneurs recognize the
importance of collaboration and networking. They work closely with
partners, stakeholders, and communities to achieve their social and
environmental goals.
8. Risk-taking: Social entrepreneurs are willing to take risks and try new
things. They are comfortable with uncertainty and are not afraid to fail.
They see failure as an opportunity to learn and grow.

Scope
The scope of social entrepreneurship is broad and varied, as it encompasses a
wide range of industries and sectors. Social entrepreneurs work to address a wide
range of social and environmental issues, such as poverty, education, healthcare,
environmental sustainability, and more.
 Some examples of social entrepreneurship initiatives include:

1. Providing access to clean water in developing countries

2. Developing affordable housing for low-income communities
3. Promoting renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions
4. Developing innovative healthcare solutions to improve access and affordability
5. Creating employment opportunities for disadvantaged groups
6. Providing education and training to marginalized communities
7. Promoting sustainable agriculture and food systems

Social entrepreneur, commercial entrepreneur and philanthropist

Social entrepreneurs, commercial entrepreneurs, and philanthropists differ in
their motivations and goals. Social entrepreneurs prioritize social and
environmental impact, while commercial entrepreneurs prioritize profits.
Philanthropists provide financial resources to support social and environmental
causes, but may not be directly involved in creating sustainable solutions.

Inequality
Social entrepreneurship can help to address inequality in a number of ways:

1. Creating Economic Opportunities: Social entrepreneurship can create

employment opportunities, particularly in disadvantaged communities where
there may be limited opportunities for traditional employment. By creating jobs,
social entrepreneurs can help to reduce poverty and promote economic growth,
which can in turn help to reduce inequality.
2. Providing Access to Essential Services: Social entrepreneurs often focus on
providing access to essential services, such as healthcare, education, and clean
water that are critical for social and economic development. By providing these
services, social entrepreneurs can help to level the playing field and reduce
inequality.
3. Empowering Marginalized Communities: Social entrepreneurship can help to
empower marginalized communities by providing them with the resources, tools,
and skills they need to become self-sufficient. By giving marginalized communities
the opportunity to participate fully in society and the economy, social
entrepreneurs can help to reduce inequality.
4. Promoting Sustainability: Social entrepreneurs often focus on creating sustainable
solutions to social and environmental challenges. By promoting sustainability,
 social entrepreneurs can help to ensure that future generations have access to
the resources and opportunities they need to thrive.

Examples
 Khaalisisi: Khaalisisi is a social enterprise that collects and recycles waste in
Kathmandu. The company provides employment opportunities to marginalized
communities, particularly waste pickers, and promotes environmental
sustainability.
 Eco-Cell: Eco-Cell is a social enterprise that works to address the problem of
electronic waste in Nepal. The organization collects and recycles electronic
waste, providing a safe and environmentally sustainable solution to this
growing problem.
 TOMS Shoes: TOMS Shoes is a social enterprise that donates a pair of shoes
to a child in need for every pair of shoes purchased. The company has
expanded its mission to include eyewear and clean water initiatives.
 Grameen Bank: Grameen Bank is a microfinance institution in Bangladesh
founded by Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhammad Yunus. The bank
provides small loans to low-income individuals, particularly women, to start
their own businesses and improve their economic conditions.
 Warby Parker: Warby Parker is a social enterprise that provides affordable,
stylish eyewear. The company also works to provide access to eyeglasses to
people in need through its "Buy a Pair, Give a Pair" program.