! " #$%&'()+*,.

-/0
  122$34$

CA L&BE[)D@V\FCY@FHTGI]H5/FKWXT_JM6879^L6;FOT:=N"GXGX<>FHP@Y/5QSRU`4?@T:=V&Y@< WXACaOBTWXVUTb\Y@WcReBZd T Iy ?@:{z/TV\|~WXRe}.dƒhO@†e€Y@ƒBH‚Hv „ZC:

f WXRURUb\g@Q@dCV\WX]HN"DiWXh Y@fk]Cju4BZl$b$mHv BnSNwl$oqQiprv oOTsHx@tHQ n h)` A j AŒQ@Y@ŽEYCPkdCTaHx@‡O[)Tˆ)GXV\TH‰wbUh@T$ŠL u.FHjaHb\TZb4VUˆ)WX‰C‹.RedƒtHV$‡Ov vBˆ FOhON ` A j

‘ 4’O“@”@•=–k“ D˜dHT·[·[)aOVUT,b·hkgkWcTYSTBY£GXQ@x@[)WXPSY@P@]wGXWcNwTZxQ@GXRURUWXFšaH[KR\VUTWcC[KRURŸT&B$V\[KT]HRUTV\]OTbUFHb\V\WcWcFOž·Y´[)RUN/WXFOYÍFCx@WXTYÌGXb$Î VU‡ TZh BnHTsqYCÏ R h

—b\TD@GXTWXBb&RUP˜WXFO[KYP˜TZN"V&WcTZb&RUD@[2FCBx@FOb N"WXP˜Yš[KV™b\[)R™R\[)WXR\aHWXbUT&RUbUWXB$R\[KQ@G›x@d/GXT$F)[KJiVUY@J;T$WXY@[)]œR\Q@VUF)T J Y@g@T$WXGX[KWXbUVURUTWXb\B´RÂ[KY@P@TP@WXV\]OFƒDƒ[)gkBEFHD@V¯TZb$BÎ nHG¸[)t b\h bUWºl·¹˜o·B$Ï [Kh&RUWXx@FHTZYiBÎ WX‰ bUWXh FHYšnHoZÏ R\h/VUTÐÑTb·[·Î dOl$o·Tb‘Ï h.P@Y@VUTFOQ@g˜VE[[)p G
R\b\TWcaOCTŸR_B$x@[)WXN/R\TT]HY@FObUVUWXWXFOž$[KY˜RU[)WXGXFHWXReYidŸv V\— Tx@D@Q@T_BJ;R\FƒWXFHBZQ@Yib_v¡WXb_WFHXaHY9TŸ[)]ON/]HTV\RUTD b pp Y@x@TQ@ReBZ¢RUWXFHaHV\T¶Cb$GXT$Î n@[)V\l'Y@Ï hWXY@bU]"dCNw[)GXgk]OFHFHGXVUWXWXB_R\D@VUQSN"GcT/b·Î o GXT$h [)l$V\nZY@Ï WXv Y@]˜Î l h l·Ò h oqÏ [KY@x9WXY p
FCg˜x@[KbUbT¢xwTFOVUY›T2xSTFƒaHBZ[)Q@GXQ˜N"[KRUTTYCxR¤h@J8VUWXY@T¥CBQ@GXQ@TZx@Y@WXBY@d ]/¦8RU‹TV\=§N£hKbUWcYŒTGXJ8TFHBZV\RUN>WXFH[ Y p jVUWXž$[KNRUWX[FHŽEYšFOVwPSB™VUDkFH[)gSV™GcTZ[KN"BRUbTZVUWXWXbUb R\WcRUBOD@h4T9FOV>DSWcxS]ODšWÓË"x@BZQ@WXN"GXReTdƒYShbUF)WXFHJ_Y˜R\[KTGXCWcReR>d¯B·F)[)JwRUTZRU]HD@F T p
R\WcFOp YŸRUT]Cb\R>[)WXY¨¦;L¦©®4†Uª_†U§Z§h hM[)NwY@x¯Q@RURUQ˜T[KV\GN0WXYCbUJ8R\FOVUVUTN>Y@]O[KRURUDšWXFHY‘¦ — ¦8AS^«§v†U§°9h[T J8RUT$DS[KTŸRUQ@Q@V\Y@T´WX¥Cb\Q@P˜T9[)BZR\THTv VUN/— bŸD@T´¦¸¢YkFH[)V\x@RUWXb aOT FHVÀJ8T·P@[)RUD@QSV™VU[KT±bUTbUbEP˜§±[KRUBD˜T9[KBR FHFCYSBbUWXBbUQ@R\V±b WXF)Y J
J8¬=PkFOT­ Q@VUY@WXN/x±T†UYCª²RUb$v2[KY@`.xŸbUWXLY@®4] †.†UªµN"FORUD@bURV\TTEbU³IDSTFHBGXRUx@WXWXaOY@T"]WXY´¢&WXFORUD9Q@V_["T¶ pp x@b™[KFCY@Bx@Q@b_N/FKTJÑYCRUR\b·ThVUN/¢&b.DSWcJ8BEFHD‘V_B$TZ[KaHY,TYŸgk[/T N"R\TFCY@x@b"TZV™FO[)VwR\T DCp Q@bUWXY@žx@Tx9V\Tx@R\Tb"CFKR_J BR\FHD@GXGXFHTQ B pp
Y@P@T·QS[)b$VUhCTZVUbUTZR=N"Y@F)TaHWX]H[)DCGSgkF)FHJ»VQSBP>G¸[)R\bUF b\WºˆO¹˜‡HT¼V=FHVUY_TZN"R\D@F)T aHŠ [)GSTQ@F)J»RUTZQSVUY@b WXB¥ƒFOQSV T p RU]HWXFOFOVUYiWXRUv DS—N"D@b$WXvb@TWcb¢œP@V\Y@FHTD@Q@WXVEg@[)WXGkR\WcY@aOTTReGX¢d"FHD@VUWX¶C]Ob·DhOJ8J8FHFHV VTZNŒ[K[)N"YCd"P@GXGXTHT$[KhKVUB$Y@[)WXY/Y@]D˜[)[)Y G pp
R\B$T[KVURUN/WXFHbY [K[KBBRUBQ˜Q@[KVEGX[)GcBd9dŸdC¦©WXN"TGXx@T$[KTx‘bUQ@V\[)TY¯x WcgCN/d>P@[·VUF)aOaOTV™T[Kx9]HTBG¸P@[)b\V\bUTWºB¹ W pp x@N"GXT2FCx@bUTZQ@GcBEb·D9hi[)["b_G¸[K[KY@VU]HFHTR\D@YƒTQSV_NwT@g˜[KTN"V.F)P@J&GXTHWXhIY@¢&P@[email protected]=Y@g˜FCTwx@BZTFHb$N"v2PSÐ&Q@[·R™dH[KTRUbWXFHgkY˜T[KGXGXWXGcTEd J
b\†eY@WcFOxSY˜T§Tvx ‹¢‘RT.J8UFHDSQ@VUYSTb\x"D@bUFHR\GXVUx@FOWXY@Y@]w] BPkFHTV\VrVUJ8TFHG¸V\[KN"RUWXTFHx9Y@b&b\WcgkN/TReWX¢G½[KTVUTGXdHY v WXY@YCFORUR V™[KR\BVUR™Q@[KT·g@§ GXT[KN"Q@Y@FOGXY@T]2bUbJ8T$[)[KYRUQ@WXY@V\Tx@bTPkWcbTY@WXN"xSTPkY@FHBb\T"Txi[KbUv.bUQS†eRN"[email protected]\D@WcFOWX]HY´D@¦©GXdF)J8R\x@TT Y p
R\b\D@Q@T]H]O‹TbUhR\b›k†UR\ªD˜[)[)R›YS‹x¾‘RL\®.D@†4VUTZaHbU[)D@GXFOQ@GcTZxSb4WcYSF)]˜J&h=[wRUDSRUTZTwVUN´bUWXN"v P@— GXDSTb\WcbR bUB$WX[KVERU[)Tg@]OGXFHTwVUWXRUž$F[KRUV\WXTFHx@YQ@B[)T/BBZRUQ@D@V™T/[KBY˜dƒ[)vMR\†eWXR&aHT2WXbÑbU[KP˜Gc[Kb\BF›T"xS¢&TbUWXWXRUV™DS[KFHg@Q@GXTRRUb™F"[KB[)VUWºBE¹˜D@BZWXTWcYSaO] T
N/B$[KTY¨RUD@gkFCT±xwVU¢&TWXGXRUW¸[)Dwg@R\GXD@d‘TQ@GXb\F)T¢x¨Tb\WXR Y@Bb\RUFOT$bU[KR&x¨WXYwFKBJ›FH†UN/ª¿P@Q@FOREV«[)RULWXFO®.Yi† h bUBQSFOB™Y@DbUR\[.VUQ@]HBFƒR\[KWXFHG˜Y [)QSFKRUJiFHJ8NT$[K[)RUR\Q@WcB·V\T[)b4GXGXdƒWXb&hEWeV\v TTH¥CvXh)Q@Y@WXVUF_TxiNv [)YCQ˜[KGHx@TE¹kY@WXRUWXFHYwFOV
¢&R\FƒD@FÀTZY>TCR\P˜D@TT_YSBbUWXFOaHN"THv P@QS— R™[)A±R\WXBZFHFHYwN"F)PkJ=[)RUVUD@TZTZbbUT_JÁ[·N/aHFOT$V™[)[Kb\g@Q@GXVUd>Tb¢&[)WXR\V\D T
R\V\D@Tx@T Q@FHBR\R\D@WXFHTVY2N"g@Q@TR\R=D@WXFCbix@Y@bIFO¢&RiBWXRUFODN"Q@PkPTRURUWXF RUWXmOaOtHT~¼ [KRiaHD@FCWXB$]O[)D@gSTQ@V=G¸[)aHVUF d p jN"QSF)RUaHFH[KNGFK[)J_R\WcB2Y@FHJ;YT$[)p WXR\YCQ@J8VUFOT VUN>b\T[KGXTRUWXBaHR\TwWcFOR\YÂTVUN"N/TZb>RUD@[KFCBx@BFHb2V\x@WXY@WXY@BGX]9Q@x@RUTF¯RUBDSFHT>V\P@V\Q@T bp
B$D˜[K[Kg@xÂQ@G¸VU[)TZV\G½[KdÂRUWXVUaHTZTZx@Gcd‘Q@BR\PkWcFCFOFHY¨V"GXPkTaOTTVrJ8GXb$FHvµV\N>†e[)Y¨YSBBT´FOYCxSRUQ@V™[KT´bUR·R\h_FŸ^WXRUb† bUBREFO[)NwR\Wcg@b\RUWXY@WXBT_b·hÊGXF)[K¢Y@TZx V4R\GXD@TaHT_TZBG=FOJ8Y@T$bU[KR\RUVUQ@Q@V\BTR\b"WXFH¦¸Y±Wev THF)vXJ hIY@R\TTVU¢{N/J8b™T·§.[)WXRUYƒQSR\VUF"TbD@¢&WX]OD@D@WXTBEV D p
g@b\WcW¸R\[KWXbaƒWXRUReF)dw¢&R\[)FwV\x@P@bVUFOJÁ[·g˜aH[)FOg@VUWXWXGXY@WXRe]d›V™TZ[KbUVURUT&WXNRUTZ[)VURUN"WXFOb·Ywhƒ[KTY@VUV\x2FHVUWcR\b·b v bUTZY p GXQ@Tb\aHTTZxŸG›[)FOY9VURUDSWXYCFHJ8]HFOFOVUY˜N[)[)G2RUWXx@FOWXY"N"]ƒTZ[KY@WXbUY´WXFHN/YSb$T$v0[)b\Q@ÔIVUTZTw¢&R\WcF«b9[KÕ ]HŠ ]OVUWXY@Tb\]ObUQ@WXaHTTRUGXR\d THÎ l$V\ToZp Ï
x@[)YSQ@xŸBZT4[RUDSx@T&TBx@WXFCb\BWcFOQ@Y N"p RUTZVUYƒTZRMT>aH[)FCPSB$P@[)VUgSFCQ@[)G¸BE[)D9VUd RUFWcYwgS[WcYkY˜[)[KVUWXd±aHTBÐÑG¸[)[·b\dObUWºT¹˜b B$N"[KRUFCWXFHx@YTZG v
à ÄHÅ “Œ”SÆ&Ç4È4–k“@É\Æ Å °ÂbURE[)WXR\TWcY@b\TZRUWXV»BTZRUR~F4[Kb\GeTvcÎGXnSTBl R=h l$J;T$ˆq[)Ï R\Q@Q@bUVUTTxwb~NwJ8FHQSVRUWcQ˜YS[KP@GHQ@WXR=YCRUJ8FOF.VUY@N>TQ@[KRUVEWX[)FHG@Y4Y@[KTZY@Re¢xwFO[ VU¶C¬»b$­ v
—[)b\TbUCWX]HRYSB$WcYS[)R\]²T]HP@FOV\VUTWXž$x@[)TER\¹kWXY@FHYÂTx0WXbB$[KRUD@RUTT±]OFHP@V\V\WcFHTZg@bšGXTRUN¡FµFKJ8VUJTTµ[)Q@R\RUFHTNCRš[)RUx@WXB$FC[KBGXQ Gcd p ÖP˜[K[KGIY@B]´FHN/Î n)‰·P˜Ï FO[KY@Y@TYCx¾RAŒ[)B™YkDC[)Q@GXR\dCžbUTwWXbTR\R_F_[)¹kGeY@vwxÎ l$FHˆ VUh R\D@nSFHl ]Oh FHl$Y˜ˆZ[KÏ G˜QSxSbUWcTN/x±TP@Y@VUb\WXWcY@FOBZY@W bp
N"[·aHTZ[)YƒWXG¸R\[)b$gSvÀGcT°ÂFOD@Y@WXGXGXWcT›YSTHN/hkFHTE³ÊVUT"TZB[KRUY@WXaHx9TwN"V\TFORUV\VUWXTwTaHR\[)TCG RUWXQ˜b[Kx@GWºË"WXYCB[email protected]¢&[)RUWcR\WXFOD@Y FHQSWXRb WXÎ YÂnH‡ZÏ RUDSQST9bUTaHx9TBx@R\FCFHBVQSN"bUPkT[)YCBRT9BFKGXQ@J›bUx@R\TFCVUBWXQ@Y@N/]ÀTRUYCTBERUb$D@v Y@WX¥CÖ Q@[)TY@b ]‘RUF Õ¿Tb\°ÂRUWXN>WXGXg@[KQ@RUTV
]HRUTZFCYƒFCR·xŸvWXY@‹.xSFCTCBQ@WcYSN/]¾T[KYCY@RUb±x‘B$bU[)Q@R\N/T]HN>FOVU[)WXV\ž$WX[Kž$RU[)WXR\FHWcYÌFOY´WXb´FKJ FOx@Y@FCTŸBQSb\FHN"GXQ@TR\YCWcR2FOYBFHR\Y F p P@RUDSV\FHT g˜aH[K[Kg@VUWXW¸Gc[)WXgSb\RUGcWXTZBŸb WX×\Y"RUTGXV\WXNØ
@
Y $
T )
[ b\VMRUVUVUTZTY@]O]HVUTR\b\D@bU٘WXFHh&Y´[)YS[Kx,Y@x"QSYSbUTT$x‘[)V\TWXRwbUR&RUF±Y@TZVUWc]OTxSDCQ@g˜BFOT V
RUbUDSWº¹˜WcbwB·[)PSRUWXVUFOFHYšgSGcTZN"N´TvR\D@FCj x@b ]HV\[)F)Y@¢&xšWXY@N] [)YCBEQ@D@NwWXY@gkT TVwGXT$F)[KJVUY@bUWXR™Y@[K]ÂRUWXbUR\R\TWXBEB$D@[)[email protected]¥CG¸Q@[)Tb bp BRUWXG¸aO[)T›b\bUWºGX¹˜T$[KB$VU[KY@RUWXWXFHY@Y]´v[KGX]H^FHFHV\WXQ@RUGXD@WXY@N£WXTV/R\F>TFOR g@[)R™Ge[Kv²WXY Î J8l·T·ÒZ[)Ï RUQSQSVUbUTTb2xWXY´[KYÂx@WXWXbXY@ŽEQ@x@Y@Q@BB pp
 RUÎ lHWXaOl\T_Ï Y@Q@FHb\TV\x¨N>[K[±GkN/J8FHV\WcYSNWcN2J8FOQ@V4N£Y@TZx@¢&TZbUb BV\b\WcRUPSFORUVUWXdFHYÂB$[)GXR\TTYS]H]HFORUVUD¯WXž$[KP@[email protected]ÔiGcT[)YSR\]F J8P@V\Q@Tb2¥CQ@[)TY@Y@x9Bd V\TJ8N"FHV/F)aOT$T[)xBED{J8V\FHQ@N Y@WX¥CR\Q@D@T TwJ;RUT$TZ[)VUN¡ \
R @
Q U
V WXTwYÂb\P˜RUDS[)T´BT/R\V™RU[)D@WXFOY@bUWXTwY@]9R\TBZVUN/FHV bp
bUTZGcTZBR4R\TVUN/bJ8FHV TR\Y@T¢&bB$[KRUT]OFHVUWXž$[KRUWXFHYv ¢&RUTZD@VUN"FObUWXT_Y@TZx@xwFCBRUQSD@N"V\TTbUD@YCRFOGXJ8xiV\Tv ¥C— Q@D@TT&Y@Bg˜d[KbU¢&WXB4[)b&[)b\GXbUTQ@b\b4N/RUP@DkRU[)WXFHYY2bUFOWXb N"RUTDk[)P@R VUTZVEx@[)VUT T p
°ÂRUV\WXD@TxiWXGXhT±RUN>D@FO[)VUYCFHd‘QS]HJ;D9T$[)TR\aHQ@[KVUGcT¯Qk[)bURUTWXGXFOTY@BR\b WXFH[KYšVUT"RUVETZ[)B™V\DSTY@GXd WX¥ƒQSB$[)TV\b9VUWXD˜Tx¯[·[email protected]J8TFOY V RURUTZWXFOVUYiN"h·b_FHV=[KVUY@TwFHR=TWXWXRU5Y DS4˜TQSV›TYSYCFHRUW¸Y [)p GCWXYCWXY_J8FH]HV\GXN>FOg˜[K[)RUGOWXa)P˜T.TVrJ8J8FHFHVV\N>B$[K[KRUY@T]OBFHTHVUvd±†eY›P@TZV\TWcR\x@D@WXTB Vp
G¸RU[)F V\]HRUD@T&T RUTZJÁ[)ƒBRMRMB$RU[)D˜R\[KT]HRFONVUWX[)ž$YC[)R\dWXFHGcT·Yw[)VUP@YSV\WcFHYSg@]›GXT[)N/GX]Hb$FOv VU— WXRUD@DSWXN"b biWXb xSxSF_Q@Y@T&FHWXRMYwbUP˜B$[)[KV\GcT R B$F)[KJbURUT_D@V\TTN"J8T$F)[KaHRUQ@[KV\G˜T>FKJ»b\P˜V™[K[)VUBZT_THvŸR\TVU†eN/N/b&P@VUVUF)TaOxSTQ@N"BTTZbYƒRRUDSWXT_YŸx@B·WX[)N"RUTZT]HYSFHbUV\WXFHWXž$Y˜[)[KR\GXWcWcFOReY d
RUbUFwWº¹˜[TZV D@B$WX[)]OY2D p FHxSYSWcN/Gcd Tg˜Y@T&b\WcR\FOTY˜bU[)R\TGOx"J8T·FO[)YRUQS[.VUTbUNbUP˜[)[KGXBGHTHb\vQ@g@— b\D˜T[KRRFKWXJ˜b·RUhHDSWºJ~T&[!Y˜[)BR\G¸Wc[)aOb T p
bUPkPkFH[)RUBTZTHYƒhR\W¸FH[)YSGITwF)J=B$J8[)T·Y@[)YSRUFHQSRVUTQ@bUbUTTwGXTWXBZRRURUWXFHFY TaHN/[KTGXQ˜RUDS[)FƒR\T›xSb$R\v D@j T_J;VUQ@TGXBG»TZVEYƒ[)RY@R\]OD@TwTFF)pJ Y@[)BZFOBWcb\Q@TV™[KRUBTd‘V\N"WXbb$v [KGcb\F´PkFHb\bUWXg@GXTWºJ V™[KVUTRUTZVUN"bwDk[)P@PkTY‘RUF±g˜T
J8VUGXTFOTZN"VURUN>WXB$b2[)[K¢&GkY@BBWXRUFOT_D N"FKP˜JÑÒ [KxSR\VUTF WXbUBFOWXl$bUYiWX‡OFHhZt Y9J8FHJ8V=R\T$VU[)TTR\@TQ@[)VUN/[)TZGXb"]HP@FOGXWXTHVUYÂh·WXRU¢ÑRUDSDS[KN"T b b&g˜Y˜WX[K[)Y´bUR\TWXb\xwaHFHTGXFOaCY›bUWXP˜Y@R\[K]"D@BT&P@THV\ÎP˜l$FHTZtqg V Ï pp v G¸¢&‹[)WX±RV\RUd DÂUVUD@[±TV\xSTBQ@bUFODSBN"FHRUWXGXFOP@x@YiQ@WXY@v2RE]w[)†eR\RWXWcbFOT·Y˜R\[)D@[)bUTGWXGXBdbUWXFON"b\N"B$PS[)P@GcGXGXTZTTbUb_CRWXR\ReRUFd¾TBEaHD@[KTP@Y@V\P@WXd ¥CV\Q@F)G¸[)T.ƒVUWXJ8]ONFOT›V[)BZRUaOFHTZFƒGcVUB·d±Pk[)FHg@GXVEWXQY [@pp h
jF)J=Y9RUT[)CYkR.[)B$GXdC[)bUR\WXTb]HFOFHVUY±WXž$RU[)D@R\WXWXbFHYibUB$v [KGXTwWcbx@WXb\R™[)YCR.J8V\FHN£RUDSTwVUT$[KGcWXR\WcTZb T$WXb[KV&Q@bUWcYQ˜[KR\GXD@GcdÀTYƒBFHQSY@Nwb\WXg˜x@TTVVUTZF)x,J R\[)V™YŸ[)WXY@[KWXx´Y@]2DSFƒx@B"FCB[KQ@P@N/P@V\TFƒYC[)RUBEb·D±vi®.RUF F)¢WXN/TaOP@TVUV$F)hSaOWXRT
TEx@Ë"WXBR\BWcWXaOTYSTBJ8dƒT$h[KY@RUQ@FOV\R!Tb$[v P@VUj WXY@GXb\BZF˜WcPSh4GcTZ‹x´šWBV\XWXb/RUTReV\dƒWcPSFOY±WcB·[)J8GXFHGXVdŸb\Y@TGXFOTRwBRUQ@WXY@bUT]xœP@J8V\FOT Vp
—WXbUFOD@Y"T.J8F)FCJIBJ;Q@T$b&[)R\WXQ@Y/VUTRUD@bUWXTZbGcTZP˜B[)RUPkWXFHTYV4WXN/bTRURUD@D@TFCTx@aHb[KWXGXY"Q˜[)R\R\D@WcFOTY"VUT[)x@Y@QSx/BRUBWXFHFHN/YP˜FK[)J»V [ p [)[)]Ob\bU]HQ@V\N/TbUP@b\WcRUaOWXTwFOY>RUTWXV\Y N WXYCV\J;TFHN"VUNF)aH[)[KR\WcGiFOgkYwTVUB$T[)R\QSVUbUWXTT"aHFK[KJÑGÁv [/— ¢&DkWX[)x@R4TGXWXd b·h˜VUGXTZF)B¢ TWXp aH‹Tx
D@P@WXV\]HFHD±g@GXx@TN/WXN"b$TZv/Y@°9bUWXFHTwYkQ@[)GIbUTwJ;T$Re[)¢R\Q@F VUTwBG¸[)b\P˜b\bU[)WºB¹˜TwTV\WXb›Y±¢&RUTDSCWcBER_D9B·[)D˜RU[·TZaO]HT"FHV\[)WXGXž$VU[)T·R\[)Wcx@FOYd RURUTZDSVUTN"VUTEb J;FH[KVUT VUT9bUD@[)FObUQ@b\Q@GXx"N"Y@TZFOxÂRRUgkF‘T_gkVUTZT´N"V\F)TaHG¸[)TZRUx"WXaO[)T]HGXd,]OVUTWXYCb\bUJ;WXFHaHVUTZNGcdC[)vR\Wc°9aOT>T4[K¢&Y@WXxGXG
bUb™B·[K[)Y@GXx@Tb.x_F)R\FJ B$[&[)RER\[)TV\]H]HFOTVURWXTbUb·P˜v4[K°9BTT¢&bUWXTZR\D_T¶´RUD@[)FOYSQ@bUb™¢[KTY@VUx@bbRUFHFwViR\R\D@TT Y@b=J8FHF)GXJ@GXF)R\¢&D@FHWXY@Q ] p VU]HT FOp VUTWX@ž$[K[KN"RUWXFHWXY@Y/T4R™R\[)D@b\¶CWXb b$v [KbUbUQSN"P@R\WcFOYw¢&WXRUDVUTb\P˜TZBR_RUFwR\TCR&B$[)R\T p
¥CQ@Tb\RUWXFHY@b&¢&WXR\D>TZN"P@WXVUWXB$[KG˜TZaƒWXx@TZY@BT

 | : !˜‚)79$? ·67˜:9<k?@6;8: . 6*9 2
 °ÂDk[)R»[KVUT R\D@TbURUV\TY@]ORUD@b[KY@x_¢T$[)¶CY@TZbUbUTZb F)J@TCWXbUR\WcYS]
6 
J8V\T·Wcž·[)[)RURUQSWXVUFOT_Yb\ TGXTBRUWXFOY´N/TRUD@FCx@b4[KP@P@GXWXTxRUF/RUTCR4B·[)RUTZ]HF p †e]HYCFCJ8FCFOx@VUY@NTZ[)bUb4RUWXFOBZVUY,WXRU]CTV\[)WXWXFHYÂY WXWXb/YJ8RUVUD@TZ¥ƒT!QS¹˜TTYCGXRUxGXdÂF)J TN>N/[KP@B™GXF)DSdHWcYSTx¨T4GX[KT$[)b V\Y@[ŸWXY@R\]˜TVUÎ Nl·s p h
 — F_¢&D˜[KRTZƒR\TY@x/B$[)YJ8T$[)R\Q@VUTb\TGXTBRUWXFOY"WXN"P@V\F)aHTRUD@T
Q@Q@[KBN/b\BTEJ8Q@TQ@YCVEG[)R&BWXaHYCd‘FCJ8FHB$F)V\[KJ N>g@[±Q@[KG¸RUBZ[)WXG½FHV\[Kd"Y2bUb\B$WXWÓY"[K¹kY TB$V[Kg˜ RUT2T]O®4VUFHTZF)VUx@¢µQd@BP@NwTV\x±TQ@x@BE¢&WXDŸBWXR\RUWcF)D@FOJFOYQ@RU D@R4TGXFOx@bUWXFCY@B ] p FHTlY@‰KgSBZÏ R™v¨T›[)WXY@FO†eV4R/TZxw[)N"g@J8FOT$b\VT[KY@bUB$Q@B[KT2V\RUTTF)b"]OJ FHR\[2V\D@d"T RUTP@YCV\V\N£Q@Tx@NwWcWXYBgkRUTWX[2V"FOY>x@FKFCJ_gCBdwg@QSWXN"¶CRUb"Y@TF)YCFK¢&R$J_v WXY@WcÔ¤YŒ]_TJ8FHR;R\D@V\:=N>T</>@[)P@?*R\VUA WXTZFHb Y p
x@WXYCTJ8YSFOFHVURUN>Tw[KR\RUD@WXFHTwY2bU]ƒTZR_[KWXF)Y"JF)B·J=[)RURUTTZV\]HN FHV\WXE&Tb_WXb&WXY´x@TER\¹˜D@YSTwTx R™[KRUVUFw]OTgkR_T bU
Pk[)BTHv — >CBD@TD
RURUACF/WXTFOBZYŸbURUP˜WXFH¦¸[KTHY Bv T2]kn vcGcÎ WXo'x@N/Ï T§4Wcb\RE[)B[)VUYSR\WXx´gkWcF)TYS[)b2P@b$hORUPSD@¢VUTwFƒT2[KR\¢&BETD@VUWXTN¿ GcGIbYSg˜bUFHTZ[)R4Gcb\TZTWXBY@x±RUBZWXFHGcFHQSY9Y x@N/T_P@V\P@TWXY@RUD@DSBVEFƒWX[)P˜xSb\[)T›b$Gvwb\BT‹.FHGXTN Q@B Tpp FG¦ E™, §H IKJ A>BDLM N¦ < > §CGXFH] LM 7¦ < > §
O L M C¦ E™§ J A>BD L M N¦ </>QP E™§CGXFH] L M N¦ </>QP E™§
PkBG¸FH[)Y@b\bUTWºYC¹˜RTV\[)b4Y˜[)[KY@GcdCxwb\WcR\b·D@Î m T4h xSn)Fƒ‰ BZh Q@n@N"l hTYCl$R ˆ·Ï BZvFHACVUPSTQ@BR\b&WcFOBEYD@FHo b\Tx@YwTb\J8FOBVUVWXgkTZN"TbP@RUWXD@VUW T p O LM S¦ E™R $ § J A>BD LM N¦ < > PTE™R §CGXFH] LM N¦ < > PTE™R §
B$RUDS[KT´G˜aHV\[KTGcbUWXQ@x˜GX[KR\RUb$WXvFHYACvÊTAŒBZTRUBWXRUFHWXY FOY m ‰ x@P@WXV\bUTBbUQSTZbUYƒbUR\TZb4b R\RUD@D@T4T±TN>CPk[ZTŽEVUFHWXN/V2¹˜TYCYSRUx@bWXY@[K]HY@b·x v —WXY¨D@WXgSbWcYkx@[)TE¹˜VUd‘Y@WXR\BWcG¸FO[KY"bUbUWºWX¹˜b B·N/[)RUFHWXVUFOT&Y¨]OTN/Y@FƒTVExS[)TGGXb$RUÎ D˜l$[Ko Y"h l$RUDSÒZÏ T4v FHYS°9T4T TN/Q@P@b\T9GXF)dHRUD@Tx T
ACTBZRUWXFHY Ò bUQSN"N>[KVUWXžTbMRUD@T_BZFHY@BGXQ@b\WXFHY@b·v N"GXTN"FOVUb TwQ@]ObUTQ˜Y@[KTGXVEGc[)d±GD˜J8FO[·aOVUN0 gkTU B$[Kp [)Q@VUbUd9T B·R\[)TRUCTZR›]HFHB·[)V\dŸRUTZ]Hb\P˜FHV\[)WXBž$T9[)R\¦©Wc¢&FOYŸD@TP@VUV\VT FHgU p
>
T [
N>bUQS[·VUT"dgkR\D@T4T"Q@Pw]OFCR\FƒF_xSRUY@TZTY@bUbb2FKF)JiJ RU[/D@FOR\Q@Tb™VU[KN0Y@x@]ObEGX§FHh@g˜[)[KYSGcGXxwd¢¢&T&WXRUY@D9TZTV\x"TbUR\PkF_TBN"RwT$R\[ F p
 •“@È4”  –k“@É\Æ  Å  “ .Æ&Ç4’
V


[)GXGIB$[KRUT]OFHV\WcTZb&FHY [·aHTVE[)]OTHv
Q@W[wb\XxSaHTb_TT&bUN"[wWXVUTZRUTZx´TZRUVUD@N x@FCTZx@p ]H]Hb VUFC[)TZFCT›V\x@T4FKY@WXJ~Y@TZbUR\Bb4TGXQ@VUBZN xSVUTWXRUxwTTGXV\WXWXWXN"Y›FHY R\WXY˜D@R\[)WXbD@R\WXVUbUF)TR\Y2b\Q@D@x@J8FHVUdCGXFOhHx@N²T$TZ[Kx´BER\D"D@R\F>T_F)J;JI[)Q@BE¢&GXD@GiD@WXTaHWXBEaOF D T p
B$x@[KFCg@BQ@Q@G¸N/[)V\Td,YCR=FKJ8J›V\T[±¥CQ@x@TFCY@BBQ@d N"¦;TZ‹Yƒ»§R/ZBh)FHWXYCV\P@J8FOQ@VUb·N>v [KRU— WXFHD@YTZbU]CT±[)WXBY>VUWX¦©RU†UTZª_VUW¸§[ŸhONw[KVUQ Tp
P@RUªQSQ@WXVUaHR\TTTZxwYbUP˜RU[.[KDSBRUT&T&VE[)WcRUYŒWXD@Y@J8FOFHWXY@bUV\TN>]RUB[)TFOR\V\WXVUN"FHP@Y4Q@b]Cb·¢&h)[)D@J;WXFHYiFHV b\h)T[)T$YS[KWXYCBEx›J8DwFOV\VUQ@TNN"Y@WX[)F)¥CRUaOQ@WXTFOT&xY&RUJ8T]ƒV\V\[)FHNÌWXNY_¢¢&R\D@T[)TMbBFHJ8GXT$TN [bUbpp
RUbUQkR\VU[)TGiYSWX]HYCRUJ;D¯FHVU¦ N— [)A@R\§ZWcv FOY>¦;^†U§hk[ ¬»­ b\R™[KRUWXbUR\WcB/¦8L®4†U§Zh˜[KY@x RUTZVUN RUWXY@DkB[)GXY2Q@x@bUFHTZbN/RUT D@P@TV\TTb\x@RUWXTN>R\T[KVUN/RUWXFHWcYSY_TFKxwJ˜RURUD@DSV\T&TBbUDSFHY@FHGXxSxiWcR\v WXFH— Y˜D@[KT&GƒBPSFHVUN/FHgkP@[)Q@g@REWX[)GXWXRURUWXWXFOTY b
F)RUWXJ FO[_Y@b B·[)WXY"RUTZR\]HD@FHT4V\d"x@T']O¹˜WcaOY@TWXRUY WXFH[_YR\v T— VUN±[email protected]@P@[)Y@VUFOx/g˜RU[)D@gSTWcGXTWXReYCd_R\VUTFHb\PCRUWXd/N>B[KFHRUN/WXFHP@Y2Q@D˜R™[K[ bp
 |  =79ƒ : "!U‚)$ #%=ƒ&: '(*)=‚)Œ+„ ),-e€6¸:=(< ./1032 [2WwRU¦ZWXY[N/X T&§=BFH¢&N/D@TZP@VUGXT\TCXµWcRed2Wcb=F)R\&J D@WwT&YCN¦ XÀQ@Nw§&g˜[)Y@TZV»x FK[2J˜RUbUVEPk[)[)WXY@BT_WXY@BZ]FHN"x@FCPSBGcQ@TZN/ƒWXTRed2YCRUF)b·J h
¢&‹.D@FCWXBBEQ@D N"[¯TZYƒR\R TVUJ8V\NT¥CQ@FCTBY@BQ@Bd‘V\b$v£WXb2°9RUD@T±TYCBFOQ@N"NwP@gkQ@TR\V›Tx{FKJ RUx@D@FCT±BQSx@N"FCBTQ@YCN/RUb2TYCWXY R RU[)WXYSFO]x Y@b&YÌD˜[)WXbb4R\[ D@RUT2WXN/aHFCT4B$B[)FOgSN"Q@G¸P@[)GXVUTdCWXb\ReWcd›žZTHFKv ^J Ww— D@Z¦ Y_T›U/TZYƒ§R\v VUFOPƒdÀBFHN/P@Q@R™[ p
 |
 *=?$- 6;:!˜‚)79?$·67˜: .
6 2 —WXY@D@x@T TPk¬=T­ Y@bUxSRET[)YCR\WcR$b\vwRUWX°9B D˜T2[KbiBFH[&N/Y˜P@[KQ@RUQ@R\TVEx[)GOJ;aHFH[)V4GXQ@T·T=[)BEF)D9JCžB$T[)VUFR\TWº]HJFOE»VU[Kd±Y@RUx;D@< T [)V\T
bUVU^RETZ[)G½Q@[KR\R\RUWcQ˜b\TRUxw[)WXG&B$[)[KWXPSYCGƒP@J;G¸[KFHGXWcY@VUB·N]H[)Q˜RU[)WX[KFOR\]HWcY@FOT=bY´N"Î s WXFCbwh x@n [ TZh Gcn@GXBZWXl'VUY@WXÏ RU]vIT†;F)V\J˜J@WXFHFH¢Y‘YSFHTVUBx2BFHFON/[)Y@bUN"bUb\WXFCx@FOBTZY@W¸VU[)GXb d>RUWXR\FOQSD@Y@bUT&Tb»Rex‘[K¢Y@WXF xY p bU[)REYS[)xŸR\Wcb\RURUDkWXB[)R2g˜TB$Re[)¢R\TT]HTFOYwVUdCT·[)h BE[)D_Y@Q@x¯Y@RUWX¥CD@Q@TY¯TRUBTFHV\NwNgSWXWcY›YS[Tx9RUV™RU[KD@WXY@TWXY@B$[K]&RUBTFH]OV\FHP@V\¬»Q@d ­bp
¢&¢&[·D@d´TV\TBFO{YCRUWcWXbY@]HRUTZDSY@T BYCd9Q@R™Nw[Kgkg@GXTTwVF)F)JJ=RU[WXN"R\TTVU^b N E [KEY@[)x Y@<xŸB[ÀF p B$FC[KBRUBTQ@]OV·FHh VU ]d <KWXb h bUPkTBWº¹˜B bUBFOVUTbF)J=T$[)BED R\TVUN WXYCRUF2Re¢F2bUBFOVUTb*

RUF)DSJITRUWXYCN/Q@TNw&b gk<TFƒVIBZF)BJ@Q@R\VUWcb&N/¢&T=WXRUR\D@D@T FHQ@EiR FCE$BhCBQ@[)V\Y@b»x ¢&X WXR\D@WXb FHQ@R\D@R,T&<)hRUFO‘R™[KWXbiG˜YCYCQ@Q@NwNwgkgkTTVV ¬ ­ ¦CE™§&H >ABD L M 7¦ </>e§ ¬ ­ G¦ E /</>Á§
F)gkJ4TRexS¢FƒTZBZTQ@Y1N"E4T[)YCY@R\b$x h=<.RUDSWXTbYŸx@T'R\¹˜D@Y@T"TNwx Q@R\FwR\Q˜g˜[)T GMWcYŒJ8FHV\N>[)R\WXFHY BV\WXRUTV\WcFOY ¬ A­  ¦CE™§&H N>AB[)D  : ¬ ­ ¦GE /< > §/?
—P@GXD@TT_CWXBZRedƒFHhON"bUPSWXN/Q@R™WcG¸[K[KRUV WXFHRUY/FwF)^Jц&L[)®.Y@†&xbU†UBªwFOVUv TbD˜[Kb [w¥CQ˜[Kx@V™[KRUWXBBFHN p
LM G¦ E 1<§
G¦ E /<§&H‘GXFH]
L M ¦GE™§ L M ¦N<§
 j[Y@NFOVU[NŽEFO[)VGXWXx@žWºT³Ix±TVUaHTZ[)Y@GXBQ@T2THh g˜T[KReY@¢x9TTD@Y9TY@LBZT®4†4[KY@aHx [KGc^QST†&bWXb&[KVURUT/D˜[KBR FHN/¬=­ P˜[ WXb p
[)YSx>WXbTbUR\WXN>[)R\TxQ@bUWXY@] V™RUDS[[email protected] Y@FH[)V\BN>V\FH[KbUGcb/WXž$RU[KTRUV\WXN"FHYwbgSJ8VUFHT$V2[K¶ƒ[email protected]Àx@F)b™¢&[)N/YŸT¬=¦©B$­ B$[)[)Y R\TYS]HFwFOVUGcdCFOvÂY@]H®4TZV4F)¢gkT›TaO[)TB V$p h
 ¦GE /<§ œGXFH] ¦ O _§9¦X  O  § BRUDSQ@TVE[)BR\FOTYCGXd›RUWXY@BFO]HN"TZY@P˜B[Kd2VUTR™[)x2gSRUGcFTMR\Wcb=D@TGXWX]H¬»DC­ [email protected]\P˜RUFOVUWXP@g@Q@QSG¸RU[)WXR\FHTY˜xi§h)Wº¢&JÊD@[KYƒWXBEd D2BWcTbGXG@RUD@WXY T
B$WXb[KbU¶CT2Y@F)J8FO¢&V4YwGXF)YS¢{FHRJ8RUVUF2TZ¥ƒg˜QST.TY@VUTBGXd±W¸[)RUg@TGXV\TN"J8FOb·Vv_GX®4F)¢ TZY@p J8BVUTHTZh=¥ƒR\QSD@TT Y@B¬=dw­ R\bUTREVU[)N/RUWXb$b\Î RUÒZWXÏ B v
x@[±T¦CE ]HPk<GXTZFOY@§2g˜xS[)D˜TGMYC[)J8b"R$T$v [K[±RUQ@— Y˜V\F‘[KT>RUQ@N"b\VET[)T$GXT[KG.BbUR\aHQ@Wc[)V\FOGXT´YiQ@h&T"R\D@¢FKT9J_T]HžBFCTFHVUFCNwF¯x@g@Y@WºWXJ\TZY@bUE"Twb [)R\FKD@Y@JT x [¯B$<[KRURUT[)TV\V\]ON T FHV\WXYdWXY pp
 -| , . C‚)7 +„ $‚)C:=< *)8.."/,2
bUPkTBWº¹˜B bUBFOVUTbF)J [2RUTV\N²WXYCRUF2Re¢F"[)GXRUTV\Y˜[)R\T¢Ñ[·dCb
—°ÂTWXVUGXNÌg@Q@b\V_RUVU[)TZYSY@xŸ]HR\ACD>WXVUWXFHb R\FO¶CVUWcWXY‘]HWXY˜Î nH[KnZGXÏ GcdJ;FHP@V_V\FHaOPkFƒFHB·b\[)Tg@x>Q@G¸[K[KY@VUxwd TV\aHT[)x@GXQ@Q˜B[KR\RUWXTFHxwY9gCWXYd
 G¦ E™&§ H  L M 7¦ </>Á§  C¦ E </>e§
A
>BD RURUTZF2ƒRUR TZƒVUTRR\B$VU[KWXTRUaHT[)]OGeFHhiVUWX[Kž$Y@[Kx±RUWXFHG½[KY±RUTÎ n)V_‰ [Kh P@nHP@‡ZGXÏ WXv Tx´— D@gCWXd bÖN/[)TY@RUDS]Fƒ[)xwY@TZx±bURU°ÂWXNWXGX[)g@RUQ@TZbV
 A  C¦ E™&§ H N>>AB[)D  :  C¦ E < > /§ ? RUGXWXTZ¶HVUTN GXd&WcRUN/FP˜[)P@FOPkVURET$[)[KY@ViBWXT/Yg˜×UB[)GXb\FHTb\x‘TGXdFHY¯p V\TD@G¸[)F)RU¢TZx@BÙ4FOx@N"FCN"BQSFON"Y@GXTd YCRU[ b·vIR\T†eRiVUN QSbUTWXbb
—bUWXN/D@T&WcG¸^[KV»†IR\BFwFON"RUD@P@T Q@†UREªš[)R\WcBFOFOYN"D˜P@[)Q@b RE[&[)R\R\WcWXFON"YiT=v BFHN/P@GXTCWXRed4F)J WwZ¦ Y_U/§h
¢&RU[wDSD@R\T V™FORe[KbU¢WcT"YSF&Wcb\YSxSWXN"]wFƒBZWXbUG¸Q@T[)N"R_VUWXFKReTd±YCJ RIx@¦¸aON"FCTBT·BQ@[)RUN"FObUQSVUTZbEVUYƒ§iTR\x9WXb4biR\Q@[KF"g˜b\WXF)Y@x@aO]TT~V\WXRU[aHDST2R\T"D@x@VUBTZFCFObUBbUD@Q@WXY@FON"GcT"xTZaHv4Yƒ[KR.× GX— Q@P˜TZTw[)VUWXNF)V\b J
jWXb&bU¢R\VUT$FH[KYS¶ƒ]HYSGXTd"bUb/WX5Y F)4˜J_QSTNwY@Q@BTRUQkx±[)gCGd"WcYŒR\J8D@FHT_V\N>N>[)[KR\VUWX]OFHWcY9Yk[)WXbwG@P@RUV\D˜FH[Kg˜R"[Kg@R\D@WXGXT WcR\WXbUTBZb&FHVUF)T J
RUTZVUN"b·h@[)b&B$[KYg˜T_b\TTY WXY/RUD@WXb&T¥CQ@WXaH[)GXTYCRMJ8FHV\N(
BFHACFOYSR\VUY@x´Tx@Y@D˜WX]ORU[KWXRUFHGºD@JÑYkÙ¯FK[)JGiRUD@PS[/TZVUY,P˜FHgk[KWXWc[)bwVg@BFKWXGXFOJÑWXReN"V\dwTP@G¸RU[)QSD˜RURU[KTZTR x9x‘[wx@g˜R\FC[KTBbUVUQ@TN£x‘N"FCTZFHYƒBY‘BZR\bQ@R\VUD@]Hb_T WXaHWXYTTY±b\RURUWXDSRUN>DkT›[)[Kb\RRUTTB WXx Rp
 G¦ E /<,§ HœGcFO] L M G¦ E P <§ I±GXFH] L M C¦ E™§  FCP˜B[KBWcVIQ@FKV\b›J˜x@WXY9WXbUR\R\WXD@Y@T2BRi¹˜gSVUQ@b\R›RiV\DkT[)G¸[)GºJ™RUvwTZx_ÔIx@T"R FCB0ŸQ@N/[)YST2x YCRUb$1h)g˜[KY@T"x [)EiY9gk[)TV\[&g@WXR\RUTV™VU[KN±VUd h
SFHVG¦ E P <R\§ZThCVUN/V™[KbVUT_¢&R\TWXVURUN/D b&[)¢&Y¡WcGXGITZD˜¥ƒ[·QkaO[)T_G{[2BD@FHWXY@]HxSD@WcTR\V&WXFHb\Y˜B[KFHGÂV\T_P@RUVUDkFO[)g˜Y[)gSBWcFHGXNWXRed p RUDSTY RUDST b\RUV\TY@]HR\D F)J=RUD@T RUTV\N²WXb&x@TE¹kY@Tx R\Fwg˜T

N"L[)BZM FOVUFHYwb\RUb4TR\V\TN"VUN/b·v b— FKD@J~T¢&b\WXBx@FHTZV\GcTdwb$hkxSWÓRU³IDSTTV\VUWcTEYSJ;]2FHVUJ8TOVUh˜T[)¥CV\Q@TTZY@Y@BFHdCRv BFHN/P˜[)VE[)g@GXT
G¦ E™§&H L M ¦GE*451P E*460k§
3
 |  ¬»­ Q„ ·?$·6Á+„ $6@ .! 6 2 —RUDSD@TÂTFHRUTZY@VUTZN£bŸbUN"R\VUTZTYƒYSR\]HWXFHRUY@DÀTBxÌVUWXRUT$TZ[KVUVUWXGXFHWXTYV$vWXb&V™†e[KRŸx@WXWXB$b9[)GXGXg˜dw[KbUx@TWºx³ÊTZVUFOTYYCR&x@J;FCVUFHBQ N p
—Re¢D@TT TY ¬=­ E b\[)R™Y@[)x R\WXbU<&RUWX[KB&Y@N/xwT$B$[)[Kb\YwQ@g˜VUTT&b=BR\FOD@N"T&P˜G¸[)[KBEVU¶_Tx2F)JkRUF WcYSRUx@D@TT PkTY@x@x@TWXYSbUBR\VUT4WXg@gkQ T pp N"bUDkTZ[)YƒVURMTZx BGX¢Q@bUFOR\VUTx@VUb4WXY@[K]kVUh˜T_[)V\b\TbUG¸Q@[)N/R\TWXxiY@h˜]_[KRUY@Dkx[)RRUD˜x@[KFCR&BQ@RUTN"V\N"TZYƒb&R\b&WXY"¢&R\WXD@RUD"T_ND@T·[)[·YCa d p
RU`4WXFOb\WXYwY@]"¢&WcR\R\D@D"TwFOReY@¢T4F x@p ¢&TZ]H[·VUd"TZT BZFHFKYCJIRUJ8WXVUY@TZ]OTTx@Y@FHBNµd RUREF&[)g@ŽEGXQ@T_x@FK]OJÑT4[/TC¬»RURU­TV\V\TN N"TZE Y@[KTY@bUb·x v WXWXGXYCd4J8FOF)VUaHN>TZVU[KG¸RU[)WXP@aHPSTOWcv YS]4— [)D@VUWXbT·[&N"F)TJkR\VUD@TFCG¸[)x´R\TWXx_b_x@YSFCFHBRQSR™N"[KbUT¶ YCp RUb\b=P˜[)TZV\BTWº¹˜V\BHTh=G¸[)WeRUv THWXaOvXhITGXWXd R
x@[)R\FCWXTFHbY@b·Y@v FOR4†eY Q@b\R\T_D@WXWXb&YCbUJ8FHTY@V\N>b\TH[KhIRUWXWXR&FHY"WXb&[KbUg˜WXN"FOQ@WXG¸R4[)VMR\TRUVUF"N R\p D@B$T›[KRU‹T]O9BFHV\Zd«VUWX[KRUTbUV\b\WXFƒFHBZYiW p h
BFH[wF QSB·p \R FC[)RUB<)TZB$h ]HQSšFHV$V\h#WXd b& <)RUDShkWcbT ¢&R\YCD@D@Q@TT›VUNw"T YCgkQ@ÌTNwVWXgkF)b&J=TRUV.RUD@WXT2F)N"J&YCTRUQ@b WXNwN"<.g˜TFCTZBRUV4BDSQ@TF)V\J b4E R\¢&WcFCN/BWXRUBTD@Q@b FOV\E b_Q@R [)¢&YSE$WX$h(x RUD% <p g@Q@R&xSWÓ³ITV\TYCR&J8V\FHNR\D@T_†Uªwh@^†[)Y@xRUDST ¬»­ bURE[)R\Wcb\RUWXBHv
WXWXb4b4R\R\D@D@TwTwYCRUFOQ@R™Nw[)Gg˜YCTZV&Q@NwF)Jg˜R\TZWcV4N/F)TJb4x@YSFCTBWXQ@RUD@N"TTZ;V Yƒ< R\b$Y@hIFHR\V D@T2E FCRUTBV\BN QSVUp b$]Hh=FC[)FCYSx@(x Y@TX b\b jx@FCP˜BQ@[)N/VE[)TN"YCTZRwRUTbUWXVN"WXY"WXG¸[)RUV\DSWXT Red — aHA/[)B$GXQ@[KTGXBb·Q@v G¸[)— R\WcD˜FO[)YwRwWXbWXb$R\hD@D@TF)RU¢ D@V\TBbUGXFHD@b\FOT GXx>Re¢FOYF
N"T·[)bUQSVUTWXb&x@TE¹˜Y@TZx RUF2g˜T
x@°9FCT"BQ@QSN/bUT TYCjRUbw8Š Nw7 ÔMQ@h=b\R›RUD@gkTT [·R\aHF´TVEgk[)T ]OT"BFOYCY@Q@bUNwWXx@gkTTV\TV›xšFKJ4[ VUV\TTG¸[KG¸[)RURUTTZx‘xÂx@P˜FC[)BWXQ V·p v
¬ ­ G¦ E /<,§ H ¦  O _§ ´¦)X& ¾¦'% I(_§ ­
 O %w§ 9¦ O _*§ ±¦+ O %w§  N"TZYƒR\b&P˜TZV4x@FCBQ@N/TYCR&WXY>R\D@VUTZbUD@FOGcx±RUQSY@WXY@]˜v — D˜[)R.Wcb·h@¢T
 BRUVEFO[)N"WXY@P@WXQ@Y@R\]wTb\R\TD@R$T&hbURUWXV\N/d>WcxSG¸[KWÓ³IVUWXTReV\d&TbUYCBR_FOVURUTD@bV\TF)bUJIDS[)FHGXGXGCx@RUbD@FHT&Y x@FCR\D@BQST2N"bUWXTN"YCRUWXG¸b=[)WXV\YwWcRe[d g@V\T$[)¶ p TaHTYÀP˜FOWcYCRF)J ‡@l$¼ v
aHFH[)GXx/GXQ@¢&TZbD@WXFKB™JiDx@V\FCTBbUQ@Q@N"GXR\b4TZYƒWXRY P˜[2[KWcVUV\T$b$[Kh@bU[KFHY@Ykx"[)g@R\GXD@TTaHY"[)BEGXQ@D@TFCFOF)bUJ Tj RUD@Š T7 R\Ô D@v VUT— b\D@D Tp ÐP@ Q@2 dŸRwÐ×UFKFHG¸[KJ RUVUD/[]HTZbUBZdCٛG½bU[K¢R\bUTTb\N"WÓ¹kN"bTT$V"bU[KB·B$Y"[)[KGXT4RUYŸDkR\[)D˜F›R[·G¸aOg˜[)T"V\FO]HRUR\T&DD@BFHRUG¸Q@D@[KbET bU[)bUWcWºY@YS¹˜xSP@B·bw[)Q@RUR&F)WXFOJ [)YwY@xSxP@WcN/VURUFODSTg@Y@T GXb\TFOWcN"FOQ@Y@R b·pb v
aHD@[)F)GX¢9Q@T¢FKTJGXGCj WcR=Š FO7 P@Ô±RUWXN"WXb4WXžBETZD@x FObUR\TD@Y TP˜TZƒTPkVrJ8TFHV\V\WcN>N/[KTY@YCBR™[KTGcWcGXYdChƒRU[KD@BTBR™FO[KVUbUx@¶IWXY@v ]wj R\B F p FHF)JV&J8DST$Wc[K]ORUD@Q@TV\V·T Î nOb\m ThGXTnKB‰·R\ÏWcFOv=Yi°9hCJ;TVUFH¢&NÌ[)YCY@R&F2RUFwVUTZTZx@ŒQ@[KBN"R\WcFOWXY@Y9T¦¸[)TGXCG˜BR\TD@PST_R4x@VUTZTZ]HN"VUF)TZTa b p
B]HFOFOVUVUx@WXž$WX[KY@RU]WXFHRUYwFFOP@YwV\TbUaCTWXaOFHTQ@V™b_[KGiTZx@aHFC[)BGXQ˜Q@[)N/R\WXTFHYCY@R b.BF)FOJ&GcGXTVUTBZR\RUVUWXFHWXTY@aHb·[)Î nHGn [)h Y@nHx±‡ZÏ B$hO[)RUR\D@T T p WXx@Y@Q@]BZRUbUWXREFH[)YiY@hx˜[)[KY@VUx¯x±FHbURUg@FOb\P9TVUaO¢TwFOVURUx@D@bET2§TERU³IFÀTBTR\Cb›RUVUFOTZY´N"R\TD@GXd9T[)[K]HBB]OQ@VUTVEb\[)bUBWXd±aHTwF)J&V\T [ p
J8jYCFOQ@ŠVUNwN>7 gk[KÔ±TY@VBaHTH[)FKvGXJ»Q@—R\TZV™b4DS[)T_WXgkY@TBWXReY@FH¢N/]2TZx@P@TYFCQ@BREl$Q@[)t RUN/WXFOR\TFY"YCRUnOF)b·tJ v — dƒWXA/TGXWXxb&b™¥C[KQ˜RU[)WXbex@JeVE[)[)BR\R\WcFHBVUd/WXYP˜RUTZD@V T p BY˜G¸[K[)RUb\WXbUFHWºYi¹˜ThCV.¢F)TaHY@TTV.TRUx±D@T [_Tb\YCB$[)RUWXG¸VU[)T_gSGcRET[)V\b\]HdƒTb\R.RUTbUN±P˜[Kv BTHv&@FOV&[email protected]@[)N"W p

(  •=’C’ƒÉ ”@’9• Å Ç œ•i“@• 
WX— Y@2 D@]´WXÐb[/FH[KR\]HGcDGXGXF)FO¢&¶ g˜3b[)G [VEb\[)[)RUY@Y@V™¶C[KxWXWX]HY@ÔiDC] ԁR p A@FKJ8Jџ[FHV\B·¢ÑK[)VURU[KT_TZVU]Hx2[ FH]HV\U WXGXTFHp b›gk[KVU[)]Od/G@WXaHTBTaHG¸YŸ[)[KbUGXQ˜b\[Wº[)¹˜xSR\TWcFƒV4FOBZY›PSQ@VUFKN"F)JÊaCTPkYCWXxTR·V p v
| [-;?˜„·„6 ƒ‚H„ x@RUDSFCT>BQ@]ON/FCFƒTYCxSR&Y@TB$bU[)bwR\TFK]HJ4FOVUB$WX[)ž$R\[KTRU]HWXFOFHVUY d¯PkV™T[)VrYSJ8FH¶ƒV\WXN>Y@]À[)YS]HBWXaHTHTh@Y‘Wev TH[ vXhCxSN"FƒT·BZ[)Q@bUN"QSVUTWXYCY@R·] h
V™¢&[KD@RUD@TY TZV›[KR\P@D˜P@[)GXdCY9WcYSPk]›TV2g@WXB$Y˜[)[KR\VUTdw]HFOBVUG¸d9[KbUbUPkWºT¹˜VeTZJ8VUFOb4VUNR\Fw[)Y@RUD@BTT"P@[KVUb_FOWXg@b›GXTb\N´R™[Kv Y@x˜[)V\x


—FCx@F´b{[)b\¢bUTT b\b"Q@bUR\TD@x T"TERe³I¢TFµBR\WXx@aHWºT³ÊY@TTZV\bUTbYCR F)J&U J8T·p [)[)RUV\QSd²VUT"BG¸b\[KTbUGXTbUBWº¹˜R\WcTZFOVUY‘b$h‘N"[ TR\D pp

2 ÐFHR\DÂBG¸[)b\bUWº¹˜TV\b>[KVUT
Y@N"T$TZ[KRUVUD@TFCb\R x"p Y@YkT[)WXN"]HDCTZgkxwFHVRUD@BT›G¸[)Ô¤b\WXbUY@Wº¹˜T$T[)VwV&ÔI¦©¶ T·3[)bUR4§ZAŒÎ nO¥ƒo·QkÏ [)[)VUY@TZb x´W[XRVUTN]OVU[)TP@b\P@bUWXWXFHY@Y ] RUP@DkQ@[)R&RwaHY@[KVUF9W¸[)WXgSY@Gcx@TZTZb P˜¦©TRUYSTV\x@N"TY@b™B§MT±FHV&WXb"FOQ@[)b\RUbUPSQ@Q@N/RTaHxŸ[KVUgkW¸[)TgSReGc¢TZwTb TWX¦©Y{Y,B$[)TR\R\D@WXTRU]HTD@FOTbUVUV/TWXTYSWXb™bUY §ZT p v

  !

¢&[)¦8ԁYSD@ÔixwWXBEA@RUD_=§[email protected]Î nOFHVUsZTQ@PSÏ R\v VUP@T— Q@b\R D@TYCT4FKRUJiWXTY@RUxD@P@T[)QSb\b»RT4[R\b\F›b\dƒP˜b\gk[)RUFHTV\R\N/bUD"Tb aHbUWXdCTbBZb\RURU[TFHVEN/V=[)FKbY@JŒ¶OWX¢b&Tx"FH[V\GXx@xWXbUFC¢R=BTF)Q@WXJiN/]OB·DƒT[)R\YCRb$Rp h Q@bUÔiTZN/ԁP˜A@[)ThYCVE[)R ZRUJ8R\TZFHFGcVdCv‘TB$@[)R\[)ACTN"WX]HN"FOPSWXVUGcG¸WXTO[)ThVUb$FHGXh dCPShI[KRUY@¶WXN"x±\WXD@žTTbY@RUV\RUBT$D@T/[)TR\x@b>N>FCT[À[Kb2P@x@P@Y@FCWXFHY@BRQ@]MRUN"J8V\VUT$FOTZ[)YƒNR2R"[&¢[Kbx@FHVUFC[KxSB Y bp
T]OFHVUWXTb&¢&WXR\D«[2BZFHYC¹˜xSTY@BT_b\BFHV\TJ8FOV&T$[)BEDB$[)R\T]HFOVUdCv bUWXb4WXY@WX]OY±GXT4x@PkWXbUFHRUWXWXYCY@R&BZRUWcWXYFHY [2R\aHF TBZRUFHV&b\P˜[)BZTHv .— N"D@TZT RUBD@[email protected]ƒg˜R&[)b\b\TTx´Y@b\FOWcR\Y´WXaƒTZWXRe d p
L&[)b\[)bUR\WX]HT]HYSFOTVUx›d9R\FVE[)RUY@D@¶CT WXY@_]±YST$WcY9[)V\T¶ bU3RRUVE[)WcWXb2Y@g˜WXY@[K]4bUTxSx¯FƒBZFHQ@YŸN"R\TD@YCTR\biB$RU[)FR\TR\]HD@FOT&VUWXWXYTb p
P@WXY@Q@]_R·v R\D@— T4DSb\T WcN/B$[)WXR\G½[KT]HVUWXFOReVUd4WXTFKb=JiF)T$J@[)R\BED@D/TY@bUTTWXY@]HTDCWXgk]ODƒFHVgkFHR\F›V\b»R\[KD@VUT4T WX¢Y@TP@WXQS]HR$DChORU¢&TZx_D@Q@TVUb T p
 P@BG¸GX[)WXBb\WXbURWº¹˜WcTYSV\x@b$TÎ l$PkoqTÏ Y@x@[KY@TYSx9BT bUFO[)N"bUb\TwQ@FON"RUD@PSTRUWXV FHY@VUTb]Ob\VUQ@Tb\BEbUD,WXFH[)Y‘b N"Y˜[)TZWXRUaHD@T2FCx@Ð&b·[·Î ‡ZdHÏ T§Zb v
"#$%'&()

RURe¢DSTwF bUxSWXFƒN"BZWXQ@G¸N"[)V\TWcReYCd/R=WXaHb_TZBN"RUFOT$VU[Kb$bUv=Q@V\†;JITx±FHYSgƒT&d±B$[)RUDSR\TTw]HFOBFHVUd_b\WcYSgkTwTGXFHg˜Y@TRe]O¢b TRUTFY¯NwRUQ@D@G T p jWXYCJ8BFOFOVUN>YCRU[KTRUCWXR FHp YbUTZP@Y@V\bUF)WXRUaCWXaOWcxST>TxŸBZG½[KgCbUdÀb\WÓ¹kJ8T$T[)V›R\Q@NVUTZ[)b›¶OTR\bD˜[)g˜Y‘TR\RU[TVwBFHQSYCbUR\TTCF)R J&p J8RUVUD@TTT

RUF)WXJ=P@RUGXD@T2TZY@bUT_TWX]HY@DCTZgkWc]OFHDCV\g˜b$hIFOVUR\b&D@TWXbY9R\RUD@DST_T›R\b\D@Q@TN ¢TFKWXJÑ]ODƒR\D@RT›F)J=b\WXRUN"D@TWXG¸[)B$VU[KWXRUReTdw]OFHb\BV\FHd"V\TWXY b BRUQSG¸[)VUb\T_bUWºb\¹˜TTGXTVMBx@RUWXF˜FOh)YiR\vDCQ@b TY˜[Kg@GXWXY@] [.gkTRUR\TVFOg@bUTZVUaH[)R\WXFHY2FHY J8T$[ p
RUg˜DS[KT_bUTFHx‘Q@R\FHP@Y‘Q@R·[ vÑV\L&T]H[KV\RUTTbU]Ob\FHWXV\FHd>YÂVEN/[)Y@Fƒ¶CxSWXTY@G]wQSWXbUYWXY@RU]±D@T2¢ÔiFOÔiVUx@ASbw9NWXY,"TZ[ÀRUD@x@FCFCxBQ WXbp FH,[)Y2YS2ix — [&D@Y@GXWXTFHY@Y T$Re¢p[)GXVIWXF4Y@PkBT$[)G¸[K[KV™V&[KbUbUN"BWºG¸¹˜[)TTZbUR\VUb\VUbiWºWX¹˜B xSTN/WÓV$³Ih¤FƒTRUxSV=D˜TbU[KG RER [)¶ R\N\Wcb\RU[)WX¶OB$WcT[Kb=bGcGX[&J8dCTY@vI¢FOÔiY Ôi[Kp bUASP˜bU"W[)QSVEN"X[)bIN"P@g˜R\TZ[KWcRUFObUVUTY@WXx Bb
N"BFCTZTEYƒË"R&BR\WXF"TYCP@R\b›V\T[)x@V\WXTwBRx@¢TRUTTZWX]HVUN"DCRUWXbY@TZF)x´J B$gC[Kd RUTb\]OFHFHGXaCV\WcWcTZYSb$]>v [/— D@GXT$T2[)b\VUR_T]ObUVU¥CTQ˜b\bU[KWXVUFHTY b
+*

¹˜B$[KR=RUF)TJk]ORUFHD@VUWXT&Tb·Nv [)P@P@WXY@]MJ8V\FHNR\V™[KWcYSWcYS]&x@FCBQ@N"TZYƒR\b=RUFRUVE[)WXY@WXY@] BWX[)Y"G¸gk[)FHR\b\D@QSbUWºT_R4¹˜TVURUTZDSV\b=bUT›Q@bUGXWXD@RUY@FOb·P@Q@v QSGXx_R4x˜VUT[KxSR™Q@[@Bv.T&®4RUTZDSY@TBPkTwFH[wb\bUTWXg@aHWX[KGXGcWcQkRed.[)RUF)WXJ@FOBY>G¸[)QSb\bUbUWXWºY@¹˜]"TV=gkg@FHW¸R\[KD b

AC[)gSTaOGcT.TV™J8[KFOGiVP@FOV\Q@FHV&PkTTCVUR\PkWXTTVUb4WXN"FKJ»TZ¶ Yƒ\R\b
[KY@x ÔiÔiAS9N>[K¶HT&R\D@TN bUQ@WXR p |  "? $?(-7-;$67k:~„
BN"%G¸2 [)TZb\RUÐbUD@WºFHFC¹˜RUx@TD¯V\b·b$Î nObUv dCÒZbUÏ R\FH†eTY²YN"R\bw[ D@[)T VUV\TTŠ BZTTRUQSYCFHRURÂP Tp V\PkTb aHTVeYS[)J;GXTFHQ˜¢&VU[KN/bURU¢&WXWXFHY@WXYÌVU]˜T hIFKBb\J«FHR™GX[KGXBZRUTG½T B[Kp R\bUF)Wcb\FOJ WÓp ¹kY9RUB$DS¦¸[)T Y@R\p TWc[KFOCVUY RR °9BFOGcT4GXTQSBZbURUT_WXFHReY¢[)F›Y@BZxFHVURUPkDSFHT VE.®[ J8FHACV&`R\D@^ WXb7 b\‹šRUQ@BZxSFHd GXGX
MTBRUD@RUWXT FOYiŠ v TQ@RUTZVUb pUnHnSl$sOo
,

bUgkTZFHBRURUDµWXFHYk¶ §3h2RUD@T¯[)Y@g@x VUT·Ôi[)¶Ôip ASTZhaHTY FHQ@P˜R\FOP˜WcTZYCVeR J8FOaHVU[KN"GXQ@WXY@Tb]š¢[)GXTGwVUT R\D@‡HTÂmO¼ FHR\D@J8FOTVV —BFOD@VUTPkFHŠ V™[.TQ@WXY_R\TR\VUTb2CY@R»TB·¢&[)RUb2TZ]HbUR\FHFHV\V\WXd9ž$[)R\BWcFHFOGXY_GXTBVUTZR\WcbUFOT$Y´[KVUBEWXb_D´BZÎ FHl$N"o h N/l h FHnSY@l GXd/h l$Q@Ò bUh ToZx Ï
bUbUdCdCb\NwRUTgkN/FHGXb"WXB_TVUaHQS[KGcGcT2Qk[)GXT$RU[)TZx¨V\Y@WXFOY@YÂ]RUgCD@d TÀŠ b™[)† fN/f T 7 BŠ FOGcGX¦ T‡OBZtHRU¼WXFHYi§ZÎ h oZÏ WchiYSAŒBGX° Q@x@j WXY@f] p GXRUTFOv bUP@b— WXB_R\DSD˜G¸T[)[)VUYgkTTDk[)GXb$[)VUvT GºJ °9nSF)l JTh ‰ƒR\Q@D@mObUT_t TZx´x@x@FCFCFOBBY@Q@Q@GXdwN/N/RUTT[email protected]_T2D˜WXY±x@[·aHFCRUT_BD@Q@T2DCN"Q@J8NQSTZYƒGcG=[)R\b&Y BFORU[)GXD˜Gcb\TZ[KbUBR4WX]HRUWXD˜YSFH[KTY xx
D
-*

P@ACl V\GXTFƒ¦ TsO[)PSˆHBEWc¼D YS]§Q@Î l\7bUÏ WXƒY@[KPk]¨Y@Tx9V\L RULb‰ v ® m¦ sHj ÒO¦ ŠsH¼ ˆOj §¼ Î ‹oZ§Ï 7Îhil$[)m'¦ YSÏ sHh_x¾‡OWX¼ Y@[/x@§ReÎQ@dCl$BZÒZP@RUÏ WXWXhiB$aH[)[/T9GMx@GXWcT$YŒTZ[KJ8BFHVUWXbUY@V\WXN>WXFHY@Y9[)]ÂR\[)WXgCFHP dY p bUP˜[)TZRw[KR›VUGXRUT$FKWX[KR\J WcbUFOˆ RwY"h ÒSFOWXl$Y@bt TbUWX[)RUN"Y@FHx9PSWXG¸Wc[)BO[/V=hRURUxSTF2b\WcaCR›RUDkWXx@b\[)TTR&R›x¯TFKN/V™J [KP@Y@o GXx@h F)ÒHFHdHÒHN/Tn xwGXx@d´WXY´FCWXBYCÎQ@l\RUN/ÏF9hOTg@[±YCQ@RURUR&b$VEv [)x@WXWº— Y@³IWXD@TY@VUWX] bb
VUFHTZR\RUD@VUTWXTV±aH[KaHG4[)V\[)W½[KP@RUPSWXVUFHFƒYœ[KBEF)DŸJ"Y˜RUDS[KN"T TŠ x TZQ@Š RUFƒTBZV\b´B™DSBZWcF¯FHGXGX¦ TsHBmORU¼ WXFO§YšÎ oZÏ¢&v D@T4YVU‘T¯RU[)D@Y T p J8V\FHN Î l$oZÏ ¢&DSF9Q@bUTRUDST"J;Q@GXG&BFHGXGXTBR\WcFOYŸWXY@BGXQ@xSWcYS]´Q@YSG½[ p
RU¶ VE\[)WXY@WXD˜Y@[)].b&bUT[ R&g@[)VUY@T$x2[K¶ RUp DSTT&aOTRUYTb\P˜R FObUWXTYƒR&R[)F)V\JT‡OPknH[)¼ VUR\WX¢&RUWXD@FHWXY@BETZD"x›WXx@bWºRU³ID@TTVUTZb™Yƒ[KR\N"GXdƒT h
[)bR\D@TwVUTb\Q@GXR_F)JY@TQ@VE[)GY@TRe¢FHVU¶Cb·Î nSl\Ï hi[)Y@x9ÔiԁA@‘D˜[Kb_[
.+/1032465'798:2;<'=+2>?;@2)8:=<'AB0DCE0F@GH2)5'7JIK2:LM+2)8:=NPORQSTUCV<'=
F;FB<W5'FBX5'2YMZ8:AL[ZEZM+M\^] __4`4K4 a 8:2=+2F8:bZDa F@M+Ma bAGY_)c5'246<'=a
gkF)J TGXˆHGcTZt x9v Ò x@¢FCFOBQ@VUx@N"bTZ¢&YƒR\WXbRUD±­ vbURE[)— Y@D@x˜Tw[KVUbUx±R\FHx@V\WcTTZaCb_W¸[)D˜R\[·WcaHFOT"Y [/ˆ@l N/v Ò T$v[)Y±°9GXT2TY@B]HFHR\Y D p F)J=VUTB·[)GXG»[KY@xP@VUTBZWcb\WXFHY [)b&PkTVeJ;FHVUN[)Y@BZT N/T$[)b\Q@VUTZb

bURUWXDSx@T TZVURUTVEx±[)WXY@RUD@WXY@T ]±ˆHnbUTB$R·[)v R\T— ]HD@FOVUTWXb\TT bB$RU[KDkRU[)TR ]OFH[KVUP@WXPkTb/T$[)BVF)[)aHR4TZV"GXT$RU[KFObUP@RWXBFHbwYSBbUT_QSB™WXDY VUTZB$[)GXG H B$[)R\RUTFH]HREFO[)VUGIWXB$T[Kb RUJ8TFH]OQ@FHYSV\x>WcTZb4[)YSBFOx>VUVUBZTZFHBVUR V\TBR
°ÂB$[)[KbRUD@BTWXFO]OGXT2N"FHVUbUN/WXFHTb·N/FƒhkxSTwRUWcD@R\x@WXT_TFCb$N/BhSQ@WcT$N/YC[)R\Y/TTYCVUWXTRUb&b_b\R›FHD˜Y@VE[·GX[)daOR\TwTl b$Q@v h=n)P9‰ [)Y@RUB$F«xÀ[)R\J8J8TFHFO]HQ@VUFOTV\VUWXRUWX]HTTY±TZb4Y,TPkCT[)BEVb\D˜bUx@WX[)]HFCYSYSB]HTQ THx p v P@V\TBWXbUWXFOY H B$[KRUTR\]OFHFHR™[KV\WcGITZB$b&[)J8R\FOTQ@]HY@FOx>VUWXT[Kb Y@J8xFHQ@BFHYSV\x VUTBZR
N"B$[KTZRUYƒT]OR·FHv VU— d9D@R\TF J8V\B$T[K¥CRUQ@TT]OY@FHBZVUdwd F)JIFƒBZBQ@VU
V\ThY@BJ8FOT V_aHT[)@VUWX[)TN/b=]OP@VUGXTHT$[KhiRU[)GXPSd_P˜J;T$VUFH[KNVUb ¢&[)V\D@T_T[)V\TšgkF)×UaHB$T [K[2RUT]O]OFHWXaHV\TWcTZY/bwbUJ8BFOFOQ@VUT_Y@x@R\Ù¯D@VUTN"b\D@T$[KFHY@GXxib"vR\ªD˜[)WXaHR/TYRUD@[_T±xSB$Fƒ[)BZR\Q@T]HN"FOTVUYCWXTR·b h
WX[)YŸb\bUV\WX]HFHYSQ@T]OxŸD@GXR\d F´oHFOtHY@¼ GXd FK¹˜J aORUT"DST>R\V™[)xSWXFƒY@BZWXQ@Y@N"]ÀTx@YCFCR\Bb$Q@hN"¢&TZD@YƒWXR\GXT b$v — D@TV\ T´[)V\WXTb
*  (  R
  J8bUFOdCV_b\RUVUTTN B·[)[KGXGbUbUR\WXD@]OVUY@TZb&bUD@WXY>FOGcxSxSTb›BFKVUT·J [)tObU¼WXY@]h l·b\tHB¼FHV\hT_nOFHtHV\¼ x@ThV vc[KvXv b&N>l·tH[KtOYƒ¼ dwhIB·RU[)D@R T p
WXbUl$5Y WXÒ FO4˜h Y>tHToHBZR\RUˆ F›WXFHQSGXY˜F)Y@[K¢WX¥ƒG˜TQSb\V&RUTTB$R\N/[KTbUVUN"T$N/§ZWXv biY@]kWXY›hbUR\R\D@FHTP/B¢FHGXFOGXTVUBxwR\WcVUFOTZY"N"¦8F)[qaHJ8[)RUTZGeh)V»[)PkYSTx"VrJ8BFHFOV\N"YƒaOWXTY@V ] p TB]OFOFHN"VUP@WXTQ@b_R\T[Kb2b4RUY@D@TT/TZx@P@TVUx±TBZQ@Wcb\YCWXRUFHWXY‘G»[aH[)]HGXWXQ@aHTT"Y[KV\R›TB$R\D˜[)GX[)G=R2WXb P˜FO[KWXB™YƒDSR·WcÎTZl$aH‡ZTÏ xiv hI— [KY@D@x T
VURUTZFÀbUQ@FHGXg@RUREWXY@[)WX] YŸlH[l bUP˜WXY@FO]OWXYƒGXTR p YCP@Q@VUTNwBZWcgkb\TWXFHVY9N"aHT·[)[)GXbUQ@QSTZVUb›T"[)FKV\JÑTwb\RUdCD@bUTRUY‘TZNØ[·aHPkTVET[)VeJ;]OFHTV x p
x@.®.VTUaOTTAC]OGX`FHFHYÌPk^ TxÌ®47 ‹T·gC[)dšGXWcRUbDÌ°Â[_ACg@WXBGcWXGXg@WXW¸TGX[)Y@WXN¡ FH]OV™®.[KP@TVUD@b\WXDB$[)GS[)x@Y@FCx BQ@BN"FHGXGXTZT$Yƒ[)RM]OBQ@FHTGXb9GXTB[)R\R±WcFORUY D@HhT N>RUDS[KT>Y@[·BaHTTZFHV™Yw[)]OR\T"D˜[)P@R V\TxSBFƒWXbUBZWXQ@FON"Y9TaHYC[)R·GXv»Q@SFTb2HV F)[J4R\WXY@TbUx@R WXaCb\WXTx@RQ˜F)[KJiG»x@xSFCFƒBBZQ@Q@N/N"TTYCYCRUR\b·b h
F)VUT'J2J8TRUVUD@TZT9Y@B^ Tb7 J;‹VUFHÔIN † nH7 sOt x˜[KN/BR™[)TZTb,gkx@[)WXB$`.bU[KTOY@GÊÎ ˆqWXŽEaHÏ FOh&TQ@V\BbUVUFHWXYkReYS[)dCbUGXv¡WXb2bUR\J8Wc†eVUYSR´FO]ŸNØWXb9F)JR\[{D@o)T‰ƒbUQ@‡dHgST$h mH[KbUÒHTVUÒbR RUQ@[)TZV\Y@N²TGXTJ8b\Q@Pkb›V\TRUVeFOD@J;RUFHTD@VUV&TZNVU[·¢&aH[)TZY@WXbUV™BZT[)T ]ObUF)TPkx2aOTTBRUV&F_Wº¹˜RUFOTZDSxig@T R™h TZ[K¢YƒWcYwR\T"WXVU[.¢&T_]HWXb\GXGXTFHG=R$gkQ@vM[)bU†eGCT‘Y>N"×UR\T$PSD@[KVUT.bUTQ@BJ8FHWXV\b\TGXWcGXFOF)FKY@¢&JiÙ bUWXY@dCFOb]˜Vp h
FHRUl$DSYSˆOTŸ‡HGcd s RUWXnHRUR\F oOGcT¯o l$h ‰HP@ˆH‰CGXˆSQ@m l b´v FK[KJ"j g@RUbUGXD@G&R\V™TF)[)N J_BZRŸRUD˜DS[)[·T b´aHVUTŸ[œTEJ;[KTx@g@VUFCTbUYSBR\V™Q@B[)TN/BZb±RUTb$YCD˜v R$[·v aH°9T— RUT¯WXDSR\VUGcTŸTZTEb$J8x@TZh&FCV´g@BQSR\Q F Rp [2× jbUTZR&ª F)f J Ù.RUTRUb\FR4VUx@TEJ;FCTBV=QSRUN"F4TR\YCD@RUT b·vlHlEp PkFHWXYCR»[·aHTZV™[)]OT P@V\TBWXbUWXFHY2F)aHTZV
N"¦8^«TZYƒTx@R\b WXB$¢[)GiTVUAŒTQ@N>gHŽE[KTYCBR&Q˜[)®.GXGXT$d[)xSWcYSWcYSx@]HTb$ChCTx"FOVÑQS^«bUWXY@T$AC]2® bUQ@§gHWXY/ŽETZRUBD@R&T B$[)R\[)T]HR\WXFOFHVUY˜WXT[Kb G |  C ‚)6;79ƒ:$? -~„Z5 ·6;:»<I„
]HWXÔIY FOWXg@VURUWXVEDST[)b&T V\d,x@.®T'FK¹˜JY@ACT`^x^ TWXxSY>7 WcBZ‹Ì^WcYST·x@THACvFC®›BQShk— N"[)D@Y@TTZx YCVUTŸR&l‰B[)FOhV\oOGcT¾GXn@Tl BZ[KRUg˜B$WXFO[KFHRUQ@YiTR v ]OFH°9l·V\‡ WcT hTZtHb&QStOP@bUt TVUx±TB$b\[)TRUR\D@YCT TRp
798;:
ÐVUTZTEN"J8FHF)V\aHT,TZxŸ[KP@RUP@DSGXT>dCWc¢YS]9FHV\x@J8T$bw[KRUWXY,Q@V\TŸ[±b\b\R™T[)GXTYSBx˜RUWX[)FOV\Yx,RUb\F‘RUFOP,x@FC¢BQSFHN"V\xŸTYCGXWXRUbUb·R·h_Î l·¢‡ZÏ T v
—TaHD@[KTGcY‘Qk[)T$RUTZ[KxBED,¢&FKWXJ RUDÌR\D@[{T/¹˜YƒaHQST/NwJ8g˜T$T[KV±RUQ@F)V\J"TxSbUTWÓ³IGXTTBV\R\TWXYCFHRŸY‘RUN"TZVUTN R\D@p FCVUTZx@N"b2F)¢ÑaH[K[)b G
N"Q@l$ˆOY@TZˆHWXYƒ¥Ct R\Q@b x@T2FC[KRUBb TQSV\R\N"N"D@TwTb.YCRUWcRUTZY±b_bUR_RU[KDSb b\T›T[wR_R\V™R\WX[)V™Y [KWXY@WcRUYSWXDSY@WcWcYS]/b]"b\bURUTbUQ@TZR·x@R!v dC[K— v Y@D@x— TDSR\[·TD@aOVUT TT"V™l·[K[KˆH]HVUˆST T2l sHGXTx@n Y@FCh ]HtHBR\sHQ D Ò p
,

RU[)DSGXG=VUTRUb\DSD@T›FHGXR\x@TVUb·N/v b j WXY´R>[9[x@DSFCWc]OBD‘Q@N/RUD@TYCV\TR!bUD@[KFOVUT2GXxig˜h4TZWXGcR/F)¢šWcb/R\P˜D@TwFObURUb\DSWcgSVUGcTTÀb\D@RUFHD˜GX[KxiR v
F)]HJ"FOVU[‘WXTb_x@FC[)V\BT"QSN"[)b\TbUYCWX]HRY@WXTZb x´l$R\ÒOF>s T·[)¢BEFHD9V\x@x@b$FCv B[email protected]/TYC[·R$aHv2T†eVEY´[)]Ob\T FHN/l$n T_bUB$T[)YSR\bUT T p —[)xSFx@[·TaOxÂFHWX[ xwN/VUTZTN"R™[«F)aCVUWXQ@Y@GX]_T[)RUGXF±GIRURUD@D@TTR\P@TVUV\N/FCBb TbUJ8V\b·FHv N²— [ D˜[Kx@R›FCBWXQ@b·hÑN/[KTP@YCP@R$GXhCd9¢[T
RUgkDSTT B$[).®QSbUT{AŒ` RUD@^ T‘7 x˜‹ [KR™B[šFOVU[)P@V\QST‘b N"WXb.FHN"V\TFHV\×\TY@x@FHWºWXË"bUdCBÙkQ@v GXR4R\— D˜D˜[)[KY R9Š WXb$Th2Q@R\RUTD@VUTb RUTDSN/VUP@Tb\ReD@dwFHx@GXx‘FCBRUQ@FŸN/[±TYCx@R FC@BFOQSRUD@N"TZTVUYC¢&R2WXbUFHTHY@hIGX[Kd9P@P@WºJ GXd"WXR2R\D@VUTT_b\Q@BGXGXFHRUb"b\TbUWXYÂRR\[ÀD@VUY@TFHb\DY pp
¢.®FHVUACx `)B$^ [KRU7 T]O‹2FHv˜VUdœLFOBY@FHbUV\TZVU¥ƒTQSb\P˜TYCFORUY@GXx@dƒThCY@R\BZD@TTbŸB$[)[)R\V\TT´]HFON/VUWXFHž$VU[KTœRUWXFH×eJ8Y/Q@žZWcbždCN"ٟFOWXVUY T FHGXx/¢&D@WXB™DV\TbUQ@GXR\b4WXY>[2Y@FOY p TN"P@RedwxSFƒBZQ@N"TYCR·v @*

x@WºË"BQ@GXRRUFwGXT$[KVUY/J8FHV&[2BG¸[)b\bUWº¹˜TV·v °9P@V\FƒT_BZ[)TGXbUbUb\FwWcYSQS]ŸbUTJ;x FHGXR\GXF)D@¢T›TA@x ^ J8jT$[KŠ=RUQ@— V\T b\dCbUbUTRUGXTZTN0BZRUWXÎFHl·Yi‡Zh.Ï J8¢&FOD@V&WXQ@BED‘Y@Wº¹˜WcYSTBxGXQ@P@x@V\TT bp

  UÉ ”SÉU–I•  •  ÉUÇ4•“@ÉUÆ Å ¢¢FHTWXVU]HxDCRUb\WXRUY@TN/]wFON"P@WXRUY@WX]wFHYS[)b›Y@x¦×\GX¢RUBTÙkWX]HhDC×ERU[)WXY@R\B]k٘v h°9×UGXTY@BZRUÙ´V\WcTZhx ×Ug@bUTYSaOY@TÙ"V™[KTG R\BHRUTZvVUNWXY
| }4C‚*!k‚)79?@:&)w79C?˜„+=‚)Œ„ A@¦ — ^ =§j.Š=N"=— T·< [)bIbUY@QSFHVURET›[)R\[KWcY@FOx Y˜§kRU¢&DST›D@WX†eBEYCD_aHBTZFOVURUNwTZx¾g@WX‹.Y@TiFCR\BD@Q@TN/R\TTYCVUN{R SVJ;VUUTT¥C¥CQ@Q@TTYSYSBBdd
°9P@V\FƒT"BZ[)TPSbUb\P@WcYSGXd ]9J8F)T·J[)RU¶ QS3VUTbUT[KGXY@TBZx,RUWXԁFHY¯ÔiA@RUvF±x@— FCD@BTQ@N"TE³ÊTZYƒTZBR\RUb›WXaHWXY9TZY@R\TD@bUbT"FKP@JV\T [ p ¦¸¦¸†U¢&‹WXR\=§D>&QSN/bUWXT$Y@[)]±b\Q@×UVUGXT2RUBWXÙCY´§&[w[)V\aHT [KV\VUTWXTPkReFHdVUR\F)TJ x±¢&WcY/[·dCRUb$D@v T — Y@D@TT›CR&gkbUTTb\BZR_RUWXVUFHTYib\Q@v GXRUb
J8N>T$[K[KRUY@Q@BV\TwT4FKb\J4TGXT¶ B3RUWXFOYw[KN"Y@xŸTR\ÔiD@ԁFCx›A@{FWXb HTY¯aH[KRUGXQ˜D@[)T/R\TP@x›VUTZQSP@bUVUWXFCY@B]_Tb\R\bUD@TT4x{Pkx@TVeFCJ;BFHQ V pp | }‚)6879?S=‚ '´‚)@+„  -7)„
N"[/TZP˜YƒTZR\V b$p x@v=FCACBWXQ@Y@N"BTTZgkYƒFHRRUg˜D[K¶ bUWX\b$h¤¢[)T2YSQ@x«bUTwԁÔiR\D@A@T2±bbU\R™B[KFHY@V\x˜T_[KB$VU[Kx±RUTx@]OTEFH¹˜VUY@WXTWXb&R\WcFOFOYY WŠ XTZ]HQ@Q@RUV\TT V\b&l ¦ ˆx@hWXÒSb\P@l$tG¸[·RUdƒVEb.[)WXRUY@D@WXT2Y@]&Pkx@TVeFCJ8BFOQSVUNN"[)TYCY@RUBb·T h)B[)Q@Y@VUx aOoTb.h ÒHJ8ÒHFHn V.R\¶ T\bUR=x@FCFOB Y p
 Z32)8:2 ZF@= X 22)0 FY=+2)8+<'ABL3=K\8:ABX5'2G <W0EL3=<W03[VMZ<'= bA5W5'2b)N Q@LN/®4T†MYCRURUD@b™V\§T[·bUJ8D@R\FOTGXV=x@RUWXTY@V\]˜NhCV\b\TTbUGXPkTTBBRUWXR\FOWcaOY›TQ@GXdƒb\vMWXY@°9]T&†UªwRUTh$b\‹RUThxÀ—RUD@AIThHRe^¢†iF_[KFHY@P x p
RUVUWXTZFObUY@Q@b$GXRUh b[)>V\
±T [)V\TYSP@?x V\TbUTYCÀR\TWXx9Y¨WXY"^RU†wDS[)TY@¹˜x{]HQSLVU®4THv †h[KY@xÂR\D@T gkTRUR\TV
M <'AB0 AB8,M+2RMYbFM+2[AB8+<FM<'AB0 2;FB5WL3FM<'A0^a  ZF@MH<'=C F 5'F8:[2
\8:AB\A8:M<'AB0 A MZ2 >ARb)L3GH2)0M+=6<W0EMZ32 M+2=+M6=+2M6FB8:2 <W03bAB8+8:2bM5'7 ! 
L05'FX2)5W5'2>^a  Z<'=`GHF 2=`MZ2 2;F5WLF@M<'AB0 8:2=L5'M+=`Z<'[Z5'7!L2=N
M<'AB03FBX5'2VA8 0A0N <W0M+2)8+\8:2M+FX5'2VL05'2=+= MZ32=+2 L05'FX2)5W5 2> >ARb)N
L3GH2)0M+= F8:2 > <'=+bFB8:>2>#CF@=`FB03FB5'" 7 2>E<W$0 #O %&$a WŠ XTZ]HQ@Q@RUV\TT V\b$n vx@ACWXWXb\Y@P@BG¸T_[·dƒR\D@b&TR\D@RUV™T2[KP˜WXY@TWXVrY@J8FH]›V\PkN>[)[[email protected]F)T_J BÔiQSÔiVUaHASTZ9Wb XFKb&JV™Ôi[KRUÔiD@ASTŸFV&V\OT Y p
')(+*-,/.10243 <'=?F;FB<W5'FX5'2 ;<'F F0A07RGHABL35
GH2>R<W8a ABZ3=L^a 2>RL <W0 MZ32 > <W8:2bM+AB8:7 _\LX _BAZ=L3GH2>a
=  M6 \  8:A@G
bUFOQ@VUBZT BZFHY@b\Q@N"WXY@]kh)¢T.Q@bUTZx>[)Y"[KP@P@V\F)ƒWXN[)RUWXFOY_F)J»ÔÔiA@
 Figure 1. Average precision of kNN vs. unique word count Figure 3. Correlation between DF and IG values of words in Reuters
0.95 1
DF-IG plots
0.9

0.85
0.1
0.8
11-pt average precision

0.75

IG
0.7 0.01

0.65

0.6 IG
DF
TS 0.001
0.55 CHI.max
MI.max

0.5

0.45 0.0001
16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1 10 100 1000 10000
Number of features (unique words) DF

Figure 2. Average precision of LLSF vs. unique word count Figure 4. Correlation between DF and CHI values of words in Reuters
0.95 1
DF-CHI plots

0.9

0.85 0.1

0.8
11-pt average precision

0.75 0.01
CHI

0.7

0.65 0.001

0.6 IG
DF
TS
0.55 CHI.max 0.0001
MI.max

0.5

0.45 1e-05
16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1 10 100 1000 10000
Number of features (unique words) DF

WXP@Y@Q@bURER\[)T$R\[)WcxœFOY‘F)J›VUTR\b\D@FHT Q@V\BBFOTN"b±P@WcY‘GXTR\R\T D@T´bUFOTZGcƒQSPkRUWXTFHV\Y‘WcN/RUTF¯YCRUb™b·[·v aOT — bUD˜FO[)N"R/TWXb$Bh&FHN¢T p N"NwQ@FOVUBETD/[)JÁ[)]Ob\]HRUV\TTV.bUb\RUWcD˜aO[KT Y RU†UDSªwVUThkb\D@LFH®4GXx@†&b·[)h&Y@WXx´RUb"‹PkvT˜VrJ8^«FHV\†&N>x@[)FCYSTBb4TY@x@FOTR4BD˜GXWX[·Y@aOTTb

BÔiFOԁN"A@P@hQ@»R\[KTGXx9RUD@FHFOYSQ@Gc]Hd D9nHR\tOD@t TG¸[)g˜V\T]Hb\TRwb\R›VUTb\b\WcQ@YSGX]HRUbQ@G¸[)¦©¢&V D@aHWX[)B™GXD¯Q@TWXb2b›WXb\Y9WcN/bUWXFHG½GX[KaCV4WXY@R\F] BFON"P˜[KV™[)gSGcT&PkTVrJ8FHV\N>[)YSBT4R\F[KYƒd2F)[email protected]\D@TV&N"TZRUD@FCx@b·v
RUbUDSWXY@T ]OQ@P˜G¸TZ[)VeV=J8FOaHVU[)N>GXQ@[KTZY@b$BÎ n)T‰·Ï F)v J_¶ T\aOTVU§"R\D@[KTP@GXTP˜bUT·b·[)h@VUR\TZD@x¨WXb ¢&bUWXWXN"RUD‘PSGcQ@Wº¹˜b\WXB·Y@[)] RUWXFOl$Y_tOtHF)t J |  [k‚)‚)5 -8$? ·67˜: „ 5 _CC: 10 6*9 ?@: € ! 6 


bUÔiTZԁGcTZA@BÀbRUWXFHUD@YÀFO¢&Q@GXD@x›WXB™Y@D/FOR=WXb&WcYCRUD@aHT[KGcJ;WXx˜FƒBZ[KQ@RUT b&R\F)D@J=T&RUTD@@T_[)TZN/ƒPkWXY˜T[)V\R\WcN/WcFOYTYCF)RUJkb·vJ8T$[)R\Q@VUT —bUTZD@GcTZT2BRUbUWXWXFHN"YwWXG¸WX[)bV&V™[)PkR\TD@VrTJ8FHV V\b\N>Q@VU[)PSYSVUBWXbUT›WXY@FK]Jgk†UªwTB$hI[)‹QSbU‘[T4)YSY@F x9b\Q@LBED"®4†.[)Y_WcY±FOg@RUTZbUVUTZN V p

aHRUWX[)FOR\Y WXFHRUYD@TZD˜VU[)TEb.J8FOP@VUVUTwTZaƒWXb4WXFO¢&Q@DSbUGXTdRUD@g˜TZTZV TY´R\D@V\TTb\PkTwFHRUVUD@R\TV\TxiTwv Bj FHV\Y˜P@[KQ@RUbQ@bUVERE[)[)GiR\¥CWcb\Q@RUTZWXBb bp
jF)J&Y/¶ FH\g@b\TVU[KaHY@[KxŸRUWXFHÔiYwԁN/A@œFTVUH]OYTb=Š J8V\TZFHQ@NÌRUTRUV\DSb$v T4B$— [KD˜RUT[K]OR_FHWXVUb$WXhž$[K†URUªwWXFHhIY/‹VU¨[Tb\Q@KY@GXRUx b
[)V\TBFHV\VUTG¸[)R\Txiv
N>Q@LP‘®4[KY@†2RUBF RUT DSˆOVUFKtHTJ_¼ b\D@RUD@FHFOGXT±Vwx@WXBN"Y@G¸]¯[)FOb\VUbUD˜T"Wº¹˜[·FKaHTJ_TV\b$RUvbUD@WXN/Tj WcQ@G¸GX[KG4Y@V WXF)¥CJ2T'Q@³ÊTRUTD@BZR\TRUTN¡
b FOB·Y,[)Y{R\D@TT GXWcN/PkTWXVeY˜J;[)FHR\V Tp
RUW[)DSYSX]HT x«Q@Š LV\TT®.Q@o R\† TPSVUGcb FORUBBb FOFOGcR\VUGXD@VUTTZT&BZbURUaHPkWXFH[)FHYiGXY@Q@v=x@TZWWXb»Y@XFK]O]HJ»GXQ@dƒ‹V\v T L‰ [)GXT$PSY@[KGcxwFOVUGXRU†Udwb ªœR\RUD@D@]HT&TZWXaOVUaHT›T[)Y[KGXQ@VU[.TTZR\b»WXTY@FKVUJ¤x@NÌT‹TWXxY
[)¦8[KYÀb4WcN/N/T$P@[)VUb\F)Q@aOVUTTNwxTgCYCd>RFH[·V4aOTYSV™Fw[K]HGcT_FObUPSb.VUWcTYBWXB$b\Wc[KFORUY˜T]O§vFHV\`.WcVUž·bUN/[)WXY@RUb›WX]"FO¢&Y´†UWXª R\[)D,BR\BZD@TZQ@VUWcV™R\T[KD@b\BD Td Vp aHaHTZ[)VUGXQ@d"TZb\b»RUFKV\FHJÊY@[&]wR\TBVUFON±VUV\v»TG¸W[)XRU]HWXFOQSY@VUTb&b g˜m TZRe[)¢Y@Tx TZYÒ b\RUD@D@F)T_¢&‹b=hRUD@CT&†UªV\TbU[KQSY@Gcx R\b LF)®4JI[ †
FHl$GXÒ x@h tHWXY@oH]kˆ hRUJ8TFHV\VwN"TZb=ŒRU[KF N"oHP@n@GXl THh=¦;[ R\D@ˆHT‡O¼ aHFCVUB$T[Kx@g@QSQ@BG¸RU[)WXFHV\dŸYk§WXh@b›[)V\YSTx›x@Q@R\D@BZTTxÂj J;VUª FHN f BRe¢V\FHTbUTb Y9p BZFH‹ GX‘[GXTBKRUY@WXFOx Y>†UTZª Œ[KWXN"b [)WXY˜GXb\[KF"RUWXFHFHgSYibUv Tj V\aHTbUx±RUV\FHWXY Y@]wRUD@BZT FHVU4®V\TG¸[)ACR\` WcFO^ Y"7 gkT‹ p
F)TaOJT¶ Y‘\g˜TR\WcRUb2TV/WXN"B$[)P@R\V\TF)]HaHFOTVUxÀWXž$J8[KV\RUFHWXNFHY¯‡OVUs Tvb\ˆHQ@¼ GXRUb"RUF TZƒ‡HBZˆ TP@v nOR"¼ R\v¾D˜[)LRw®.[)†_RwD˜TZ[K bp BaHFOTZVUGcGXbUTQSBZb_RUWXFH†UªYiv [)—V\T›D@WXTwx@TZP˜YƒTZR\VeWXJ8B$FO[)VUG=N>FH[KY±Y@BRUTwDSWcBbQSBVUFOaHGXTZGcb›TZBFKRUWXJÑFH¶ Y\v — D@¢&T›WcR\FOD¾g@bU‹TZV p V

RUBV\FOTN"N"P˜TZ[KGcd±V™[)[)gS]HGcT=]OVUPkTTb\VebUJ;WXFHaHVUTwNR\[)D@Y@VUBZTZTbUD@¢&FOWXGcRUxSD b_Q@†UPªp RUWXF b_mOgktHT¼ R\RUTR\V·TVUv N — VUA±TN/D˜[KF)b_aH[)[ G aHbUWX[)b\R\RUWXTFHYCY@R$b=vwFHªY WXŠaOTTY Q@R\RUTDSVUTwb&[)aHY@TV\x2d FHx@Y Wº³Ê.®TZVUTACYC` R›^ [KP@7 P@‹¨GXWXB$[K[)VUR\T&WcFOD@Y WX]Hx@DSFOGcd N>B[)FHWXY@Y pb
WXY¶ 3 hk[)Y@x [)gkFHQSR ÒHtH¼ RUTZVUN£VUTZN"F)aH[)GkWXY ÔiÔiASvS°ÂWXRUD
 1
Figure 5. DF-IG correlation in OHSUMED’90

8JBSVFOFOUVUN"FHN>N N"[KY@FO— BY_[)TgSRUbUTZGcTDkVUN"[)l VUbh=T2F)R\RUD@aHDST"TZT_V&N/b™V™[K[)TN"V\RUTDSTFƒRUg@TxSV\W¸b_[)N"b·¢&b$h@WXv WeRUv DŸ— THvXD@h@[)WXbUYšbBZFHg@×\VUW¸T[)WXCY@bB]/WcTbGXWXGXYFHTYCgCJÁRUaC[·Ù±WXaHFHFOP˜Q@V&TZb\GXF)V d p J

WXLY"®4R\†=D@T›gCd_‹x@±BT'¹˜Y@VUWXWXR\RUTWXFHVUWXY FH
iYWXv=Y2†eRUR&D@WcTb&FOYSVUdCFHhƒR[.Y@TBBFOTN"b\b™N/[KVUFHWXYGXd>RUTR\V\VUNÌQ@T B$Wc[)Y/Yw†UªšD˜[·aOFOTV
WXgk[wRTžZWXReb&T¢VUb\TZF R™Tp [)YaHR\[KWXRUbUGcQSDSRUWXTT!B$x´[K‹GXWXGchYCdwJ;CFHR\†UVUVUªQ@NT[K[)g˜Y@R\Wc[Kx FObUYwTLxÀ]ƒ®4[KFH† WcY"YaHR\[KFOD@GXV Q@T_T¬ b\b$­RUv VUbUFO— BZY@DSFH]wT!VUTOB^«v_FOVU†®4VUTZN/F)G½¢[KTRUTRUWXaOD@FHTFCYSV$x b h
0.1

DF-IG plots

D˜ [KC¦ E b"<Z[)&§ YŸHÂFOGXP@FOPk] FHbUWXR\C¦ T>E P <gS§ W½[KI´b$hGXFH[)] bwB$[KG¦ Y,E™§vgkT— DSbUTWcbTZYÂg@W¸[)WXYŸb&gkRUDSTBTFOJ8N"FHV\TNwb&TZQ@ G¸[p
IG

0.01

RUBV\GXT$T[KN"VwT/g@¢&W¸[)D@bwTYWXYŸLLR\M MD@G¦ WXE™bw§2bUWXTb2Y@b\Y@THT$h.[KVwLWÁv MTHžvXTh=VUFkgkvFHR\D,— A¯BZFHx@N"FCN/TbwFHYSYŸFH[KR2Y@D˜xŸ[·aHVET[)VU[T

0.001

RUTZVUN"b&B·[)YD˜[·aHT.D@WX]HDbUR\VUTYS]HRUDv
—B$[KD@RUTTbwTCR\D˜B[)TGXR2GXTBYCFHRwN/PkN"TVeFOJ8YFOVURUNTV\[)N"Y@BbwT/[)F)V\JT"‹WXY@hx@=TTZ†Ux,ª WXYC[KY@J;FHx,VUNL[)®.R\Wc†_aOTWXY@J8x@FOW Vp
J8RUB$FOTZ[KƒVUg@N>R&Q@G¸B·[K[)[)RUV\WXRUd´FHTZY±]HV\FHT¢V\x@WXTž$Q@VU[)BTR\R\WcWXGXFOFHFHY"Y9b\R"REWX[)R_[)bUR2¢¶Cb·FHD@v Q@WX]H†;GXJ»x±DŸb\Y@GXWXT]HFHaOY@R_TWº¹˜GXgkb>B$Tw[K¦©YCTHPkvRÑFH]˜bU[Kv b\N"WXg@ˆHFHGX‡OT2QS¼ YƒJ8§_R\FHb V_FKF)J¶ J=3aHWXYF pp
0.0001
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
DF

FH— V=F"ÔigkԁT›A@N/RFHUF.V\T D˜PS[·VUaHTTMBWcWXN/b\THP@hiVUWXF)Y aOR\TD@xTB$FO[)VUR\dCTh˜]H†UFOª VUWXž$N"[KRUT$WX[KFHbUY_Q@PSV\TVUbTEJ8RUFOD@VUNT2YC[)Q@Y@NBTOp v

Figure 5. Feature selection and the performance of kNN on two collections
1

0.8 gkP@V\TTVbUTF)YSJ›BT9g@WXR\FHb>VFK[)J_g@b\WcYŒTY@J8FHBV\T±N>F)[)J›R\WX[±FHYŸRUTZFOVUg@N¡R™[KWXWXYÂY@TxÂ[±x@gCFCd‘BQ@¶CN"Y@F)TZ¢&YƒR·WXY@v ]9— RUD@D@TT

bU[)R\V\VUTwFOY@F)J8] R\T‹ Y9WXp YC†UJ8¯BFOVUN>FHV\[KVURUTWXG¸aH[)TOR\hÊWXFH[KY@Y@bx±N"aƒWXT·B[)T/[email protected]RUV\D˜b™[K[9R4¦©BRUFOD@N"WXb_N"b\R™FO[KY"RUTR\N/TVUTN/YCRb
F)RUVEJ=[)BV\FHd9QSVURUbUF9T[x@FC¢&TWXb&x@YSTGXFHd´RDSTCTGXRUxŸTY@gkxTGXR\WcF›T'J b\RUWXFHY9PWXYC¢J8FHFHV\V\x@N>b™§Z[KvRUWX— FHY D@WXV\bTWXRUbV\WXBTFHaHY [)p G
0.6
11-pt avgp

0.4
RUWXN"Dk[)TRYCR\Bb_FHN/bUD@N"F)¢µFOY>RUD˜R\T[KVUR›N/R\b D@WX[Kb"VUTw[)bUY@b\FOQ@Y N"p WXPSYCRUJ;WXFHFHVUY±NN>[)R\[·WcaOd±THY@v FH4QRwS[)V_PSTP@CGXd´P˜TZR\V F p H

RUTZƒR&B·[)RUTZ]HFHV\WXž$[)R\WcFOYiv
IG.Reuters
DF.Reuters
IG.OHSUMED

j]HFOYSVUFHd_RUWXDSYCTJ;V FHVUWXYCNRUT[)V\R\TWcFObUR\Y&WcYSJ8FO] VPkJ8FHT$[)WXYCR\R=Q@VUWXYT&b\— T[)GXTgSBGcR\T WcFOl YwWXb=x@RUFCDkT[)b R=Y@Q@FObUR=WXY@bUT].TB$NÌ[)R\R\T F p

0.2 DF.OHSUMED

0
100 80 60 40 20 0 gkWev T›THvXhBV\WXQ@RwBx@W¸[)FCG~TJ8b/FHV.Q@bUTTÀCBB$T[)GXGXR\TTYC]HR_FOVUP˜d‘TZVeWXJ8YCFOJ8VUFHN>V\N>[KY@[KBRUTHWXFHv_Y9‹P@¯WV\TXbUbTZYƒR™R[)b\¶WXY‘p J8V\RUTD@THT h
RULVE®4[)WX†=Y@¢&WXY@D@]2WXBEbUD"TR·[)hkV\g@T&Q@R™R4[KbUDk¶ [)p b4b\T[2Y@b\PkWcTR\WXVeaHJ8FOTHVUv N^[)†=Y@WXBb=TR™b\[KWcbUN/¶ pWXG½b\[KTV Y@b\RUWcFwR\WX†UaHªÌTHhC[Kg@Y@QSx R
Percentage of features (unique words)

F)TE³IJ=TRUBD@R\T.bwReF)¢J F2‹BFO¨[VUP@KQ@Y@b·x±h@¢†Uª T [KRUVUD@TV\TBbUFHD@YCFOaCGXx@WXY@WXY@BT]´x[)R\V\D˜T"[)R]OTRUY@D@TTVE[)FOGg@bUV™T[)V\R\aHD@TTx V

RUDk[)YBFHV\P@Q@b p x@TZP˜TYSx@TYCR$v bU[)WXV\]OTY@R™Wº¹˜[)b\B$¶ [)pYCJ8R\V\GcTd9THv QSY@x@TV p PkTVeJ;FHVUN/bwg˜FORUD — A‘[)Y@x‘‹š¢&D@WXBED
—g@W¸D@[)T/bwP˜R\F)FC¢ÑFHV[KVUP˜x@Tb2VrJ8GXFHF)V\¢ÌN>J8[KV\Y@TB¥CTwQ@TF)Y@J4B^dœ†RUTWXV\b›N"[)b2GXb\F>WcbwWX¶CYCY@J;FHF)VU¢&NY{[)R\¦8WcACaOTZTHBv2RUWX†eFHRUY b
 ÂÉU’C–IÈ4’C’CÉUÆ Å B$D˜n [K§Z[KQ@hib4bUgSY@TQ@FOR_bUR4WX]O¢&gkY@TD@WºTT¹˜Y9R\B$D@[)TTYCN/V2RwP@FH[)WXV_BVUWXBZYSB$Q@FH[)V™RGX[KGXd2BRUd‘D@TWX@b_Gc[)FOR\N"bUD@b2TWXY@WXFOYŸTZVUxiTRUR\v TZWcB·ƒ.Q[)RwG&@B·V¢[)TT$RUCTZ[)]HP˜¶CFHY@TZV\VUTWXWXb\ž$N"b_[)R\T¢&WcYCFOWXR\GXY b G
¥CBFOQ˜N"[)YCP˜R\[KWcREVU[)WXbUR\FOWcaOY¾TGX[KdY@[Kx,x@[x@V\BZTVUbUFHb.b\RUb D@p BWXbG¸[)Wcb\b\bUbUWºQ@¹˜TTV/Q@b\aHWX[)Y@GX]"WXx˜[_[)R\BZWcVUFOFHYib\vb p N"ÐTTdHR\D@FOY@FCxx
J8°ÂBT$FO[KN"D˜RU[KQ@P˜R4V\[KT_[)VUTV\bUb&T_TZGcR\TZRUD@D@BT.RUT WXFH¹˜VUYT$aH[KTWXbUYBFHV\YSRUWcTb&R\CTJ8VUR&FOW¸[V&B$[K]HJ8RUV\FCTFHFC]ONx>FHV\FOb\Wcž·TV&aH[)g˜RUTZWXV™[)FO[)xY>G Pk[KRET[)Y@Veb\]HJ;¶ƒGXFHTb/VU*b N
— [)Y@[)g@BZT_GXT F)l J RUGXTDSN£Wcb9WXgSY W½[KWXRUb$b.h"bU^«TY@†´b\WXRUb\WXTaCTWcN"Redb9R\F>R\FšPSVUD˜FH[·gkaH[)TÂg@WX[œGXWXReN"dwFOTbUVUR\TŸWcNb\T[)VUR\WXWcFOFOQ@YbŸTVUP@V\V\FHFHVUg b·p v
 JÁ[·aOFHV\WcYS]_BFHN/N"FOY›R\TVUN/b&FHV&V™[KVUTRUTZVUN"b·h
—GXFHD˜] [KR´C¦ WXE b$P h2<,§ R\D@IŸT‘GXFObU] TBFOY@C¦ xÌE™§.RUN>TV\[)N ¶OTb4WXYR\D@R\T2D@bUT¯BFOJ8VUFHTwV\NwTCQ@RUG¸V\[ TN" G¦TZE Gc/<d§b\TY H p
 RE[)bU¶ p bUTYSbUWXRUWXaHT¿¦¸QSbUWXY@] B·[)RUTZ]HFHV\d0WXYCJ8FOVUN>[KRUWXFHYk§ÂFOV bUWXR\WcaOLTM RUF2TbUR\WcN[)R\WcLFOM Y"TV\VUFOVUb4¢&DSTY LM ¦GE™§WXb&Y@T$[KV&žTVUFkv
RE[)bU¶ p J8VUTZTHh
 Q@b\WXY@]wRUTV\N [)g@b\TY@BT2RUF/P@VUTZx@WXBR4R\D@T_B$[KRUT]OFHVUdP@V\FHg p J8RUSFTWXHFOV\V4TYiY@viR\BD@†UT.Tª FOg˜VUTZB$TRe[KR\¢YWcB·T[)g˜TZG Y"TWXP@YCWXYCRUV\J8TF)FOV\aHVUTTN>bUY R·[KhiTZRUWX¥ƒWXR.FHQSY.WcWcbaH]ƒ[K¢[KGXTWcFHY2YCV\RRU[)D´Y@R\Fx2[K
Y˜Nw[)Q@GXdCRUžQkWX[)Y@GC]"WXYCR\J8D@FHT2V\N>x@Wº[ J pp
RE[K[)g@g@WXGcGXWXTHReh@dC[Kh Y@Wexv THvXh Q@b\WXY@]ŸR\D@T´‹ p BZTGXG4F)J_R\D@T´BZFHYCRUWXY@]OTY@Bd
 R\D@T´PkTVrJ8FHV\N>[)YSBT F)J_¶ \ [KY@x¨ÔiԁA@ FHY Š TQ@R\TVUb FwC¦ E™§ H   LM ¦ 5§CGXFO] LM ¦ 5›§
[KY@x 4®AC` ^ 7 ‹2v LM ¦  § LM ¦ §

   
 — [)g@GXT l v LVUWXR\TVUW¸[2[)Y@xPkTVeJ8FOVUN[)Y@BTFKJiJ8T$[KRUQ@V\T_bUTZGcTZBRUWXFHYN/TRUD@FCx@b&WXY/¶ 3 ՍԁÔiA@
^TZRUD@FCx ‹ †Uª L®4† ^«† —A
JÁQ@[·b\aOWXY@FH]wV\WcYSB$]_[)R\BTFH]HN/FOVUN"WXTFOb Y›R\TVUN/b Ö ÖÖ ÖÖ Ö
Q@Pkb\TWXVeY@J;FH]wVUNRUTV\[)N Y@BZT[Kg@WXY/bUTZY@¶ 3BT OÔiÔiAS TZƒBZTGXGcTZYƒR TCBTZÖ GcGXTYCR TCBTÖ GXGXTYCR PkFCÖ FHV FH¶

H  ¦ e§  ¦GE /</>Á§ O >BD L M ¦ RE /</>8§  ¦ E R /</>8§

L M GE /</>
 ,
- I: ;Œ€<kC79ƒ:
>BD °9ÐVUT9F)¢&¢Y¨FHQ@[KGXR"xšL&GXWX^¶HT9` RUFœJ8FHVwRUD˜Pk[KFHY@WX¶YCRUWXƒY@[K]±WcN/FHQST¾R"L&[)[KY‘VUgkWXFHN"Y@P@TZGXGcTGwN/[)TYSYCx R™[)Š R\WX[)FHGºY J

—¢TD@WXT]Hb\DCTÂRUTJ;xwFHVU[·NwaHTZQSV™G½[)[K]Ob´T&b\F)D@J˜F)R\¢ D@T&R\NwD˜Q@[)R¯R\Q˜WX[)YCGOJ8WcFHYŒV\J8N>FHV\[KN>RUWX[)FHR\YšWXFHY ]C[) WX¦CYÌE <Wcb¯§=[KRUY@D@x T TaCV\WXVUx@FHWXY@V] WXY›RUR\DSD@T"T&BBFOFOVUN"VUTZP@BR"Q@REB[)FCR\x@WcFOTOY_v9F)°9JIWXYCT>J8FO[KVUGcb\N>F [KGXRUWXWX¶HFHTwYRU]CF±[)WXRUYiDkhH[)[KY@Y@¶ x›— PSFHVUFN p
 ¦SE R /<§h¢&D@TZVUT±RUD@T±¢TZWc]ODCRUb"[)V\T´R\D@T›ŽEFOWXYƒRwPSVUFHgk[)g@WXGXWXRUWXTb
WXReLb ¢M [)F±¦GEGXbU/<J8F.Q@§&B$Y@[)x˜[KGXY@[KGXTxN"x TLYCM RES¦ [)E R G<x@
§ZWºhC³ÊVUTTV\b\ TP˜Y@TZ BBTZRU b>WXaHTZgkGcTdCRev¢AŒTFwTY{WcYŒ†UJ8@ª FHÎ sZV\N>Ï [Kv Y@[)— xÂR\WXD@FH^TZY2VUT4Q† ]ƒ
[)[)V\lWXY T §
!@(  3 D&( $  RUWX^YCDSJ8WXT"FORUBEVUJ;D@N>VUQ@TZ[KGcWXG ReRUJ;WX[KQ@FHY@YwGx´xS]CWcDS[)b\WXWcBY>bQ@Nb\[KbUY@WX[)FHx BEY@D@NwbwWXY@Q@R\TD˜R\Q˜[)GXT$R2[)[)GkV\BWXY@G¸YC[)WXJ8Y@V\FOWº]"J8VUd´N>]OVUR\[KFHD@RUQSWXTFHP¾Ywx@[KTEWX¹˜YR YSL&RUWcDSR\^WXT_FH` Y@GXWcb2R\J8TFOF)V VpJ
†URUªDST4N>J;FH[KVU¶HNÌTb&FK[2J  Q@¦ bUE R T2/<F)§J hOWX¢&YCD@J8FOWXGXVUT N^[)RU†MWXFOWc]OYY@[KFHg˜V\TFObQ@R4bUQ@R\BETDVUN£WXYCJ8[)FHg@V\b\N>TY@[KBRUT2WXFHWXY Y [)R\Q@VUTOv
Q@Y@[)YSb\FOWcxVUYSN>]9n [K§ RUGXWcD@†UžZT›ª£TxwŽ'FHYSbUWXBFHYCFOVURwNVUTP@b·[)VUv GXFOWXžg˜T[)b2g@RUWXGXD@WXTRUWXTNwb2Q@¢&R\D@Q˜WX[)GXGMT«WcYŒ^«J8FH†wV\Q@N>bU[)Tb/R\WXFHRUY D@TÀb\BY@FHFHV\YTb p
*

  ” iÅ – ’
Î l'Ï G¸L[)vY@]Oj Q˜P@[)R\]OTHT&h_WXY@vx@&T‹ PkT[KY@N"x@TTZVEYƒ[)R4Qi[Kh.Q@[)RUY@FON>x¨[KA¤RUv&Txw°9GXT$T[KWXbUVUb·Y@v WXY@]_— F)FK¢&Ji[)RUTV\Cx@Rb


Æ Å –  È4’CÉUÆ Å H
B$[KRUT]O FHVU WXž$[KRUWXFHYN/FƒxSTGXb$vI†eY $h l$ˆH
ˆK‰ v
!"$#
(:  
&(:
 )&H#

—x@WXD@N"WXb_TZY@WXb_bUWXFH[)YkY9[)TGXWXaHRe[Kd_GXQ˜VUT[)xSR\Q@WcFOBY´RUWXFOFKYJJ;J8T$FH[)V&R\Q@R\TVUCTwR&b\B$T[)GXTR\BTRU]HWXFOFOVUYŸWXž$N"[KRUTZWXFHRUD@Y FC[)x@R4b[KWXGXY G Î nqÏ [)b\TbUY@FCY@BW¸TZ[)RUR\D WXFH°ŸY9[KY@VUFOx"VUN"LDCb·hiQ@VUNwBED QSRU[)Q˜YS[Kx G»WXf YC[)J;FHR\VUVUWXNBE¶w[)R\® WcFO[)Y YS¶ƒ[)b·Y@vix9°9GXTFOCVUW x p
&%

J8RUbUQ@DSPkGXTw[)GwBVUTHaOThOFƒx@RUB·QSF.[)Bg@VURUTWXQ@FHN/G¸Y9[KF)VUaCdGXTWcaOYS¦¸T] TZGXƒbˆHBZ‡HF)T¼ JÑP@RŸ[KF)]HJkb\]HRURUV\D@FOTTPbUb\Q@WX¢aHY@TWXFO¥CY@VUQ@TZx@bUTbEb$§9RUhTJ;[)V\VUN"b9FHN£b$R\v¤D@°9QST¯bUT=WXJ8Y@T$J8][)FHR\QSQ@RUY@D@VUx TT BFO[K]HY@V™B[KFHP@QSDCaHdƒTvCV·†eh˜Y L&[)Yk[)x˜[Sh l$ˆH
‡Oˆ v

' ()@    :&()+*, hKP˜[)]OTb sHÒ Œ‡Oo h .-

†U¢&ªWXRUD@[KFOY@Q@x RLGXFH®4bU† WXY@N/]FHB$b\[KRRUTET³I]OFHTBV\WcR\ž·WXaH[)T_RUWXFOWXY>Y¾[K[K]HB]OBVUQ@TVEb\[)bUBWXaHd9TWXRUY±TZVUFHN Q@VVUTTN/CPkF)TaHVU[)W p G Î oqÏ °ÂbUTZY@WXGXbUGXWXW½RU[KWXN²aOT›° GXT$[KvÊVULY@WXFOY@D@]wTY9N/[)TRUY@FCx x@bÖ J8FOFOV™V&[)N RUTCAŒRWcYSB$]H[KTRUV·Tv]OFHLVUWXFOž$YC[KRURUTWXFHCYR p v
N"BFOTZN"YƒP˜R\b[KV™¢&[)WXgSR\GcD"TM¶ RUF4\R\D@T&[KY@PkxTVeJ8ÔiFOÔiVUNASv[)@Y@‹BT±RF)Jk\D@†Uª¨VUTb\[KD@Y@FHx›GXx@LWXY@®4]w†WX¢&bMWXJ8RUFHD2QSY@Q@xP †eY
/0#21 35456" (:7    :&  #8 93 H
  :%

ch l$ˆOˆHÒ v
@(   ,;/0#<`&B@()@V # B  (: 
RURUFF mOˆHt·tOpU¼ ÒHtHR\¼ TVUNR\TVUV\NÌTN"V\TF)N"aH[KF)GeaHh)[K¢&GÁD@vIWX^GXT QS— RUQ˜Aw[KWXG@b WXYCBFOJ8FHN"V\N>P˜[K[KV™RU[)WXgSFHY.GcTD˜¢&[)WXb=RUD/WXYCQ@J8T P p oHtOs·pUo@l·m v  ;
=@!  ,   &( $ '# @( ! 

VURUWXF FOV4[Pkg@TW¸Ve[)J8b.FOVUJÁN[·aH[)FOY@VUBWXY@T]wBFOVE[)N"VUT2P˜[KRUVUTZTVUxN"R\b_F"[KRUY@DSx¾T›[FORUbUD@R\TVUFHV.YSN"]>Tb\R\TD@Y@FCb\x@WcR\b&WXaƒx@WXQ@Red T Î ‰KÏ!°ŸŠ v [)®2GXR\v@žHLv VU— TTVEBZ[)dƒx@hSWXY@Ð ]wv ^9N/v@WXP@^ bÑ[K[Kb™Y@[Kx Y@xiN/h@TAIN"v ˜FOv@VUAŒd N"J8FHWXRUV&Di¶ChOY@[)F)Y@¢&xGX‹›Tx@v ]OÔMT v 

RUFwPSVUFHgk[)g@WXGXWXRed›Tb\RUWXN>[KRUWXFHYwTZVUVUFOVUb·v TY@Y@T]OBZRUWXY@WXFHTY TV\NWcYS[)] BE
D@BWXG¸Y@[)THbUvb\WºJ8dCWcYS]BTZY@bUQ@bM±VUTh R\oOQ@m VU
Y@‰ƒb=‡ ŒFOÒHY_o RUh D@l$TMˆOBˆHFHn Y v p
°9RUTZVUTwN x@WX[)bUBZV\T´F)aHb\TRUV\VUTFOx‘Y@]HRUD˜GXdÂ[KR›BZFHR\D@VUV\T>TG¸‹[)R\hTxiih_†Uª£V\TaH[KT·Y@[)xŸGXWXY@L],®4† [¯bUP@BFOV\TVUaCTbwWcFOQ@FKJbUGXd[ >` 8? .-

Q@WXYÂY@¶CRUY@TZƒF)¢&RY2B$[KJeRU[)TB]OR&FH[)V\gkWcž·FH[)Q@RURWXFORUYiDSv T4WX— N"D@PkWXbFHV\bUR™Q@[)YS]O]HBT&Tb\F)RUJib BR\FOD˜N"[)N/RFHRUDkY_[)R\R>TVU‹N/b Î mqÏ AIÔivi[KY@‹.x˜T[KTZQ@VU¢TV$ThIbUR\[KTY@V$x hAIŠ v vS— ® vi[K‹.VUQ@bUDSN>N>[K[)Wcb·Yh˜v ªw†eY@v °x@TZvIƒSQWXY@@]/VUYkgC[)d"b$h G¸[)— R\Tv YCR v %

RUP@DSV\VUF)TaHb\TwD@FHTEË"GXx@WXBY@WXT]¯YSBWcb/dÂY@¦8[KFHb›R_WXŽERQSbUD˜R>[)b2[KY¨gkT[)TxœY,D@[KFCbUb\B¾Q@N"[KP@TP@x9VUFCWXY±[)BERUDÂD@T/R\FŸGXWcR\WXTN V pp bUP˜TZ[KN>]HT[)b YCR\oHWcˆ@Bl ƒ[)Y˜‰CtH[KsGXdƒh b\l$WXb$ˆHv±ˆOt †ev Y

E-
A@B ,('D &D@C.D84 Hh
[)[)R\gSQ@GcT VUT2N"F)T$J[KRUbUTQ@CV\R4TB·J8[)FHRUV.TZbU]HTFHGXV\TWXR\ž$WX[)Y@R\]"WcFOWXY¾YCJ8FO[KY@VUNx [)V\RUTWXRUaOV\T&WcTZJ8aHT$[)[KG¸RU§Q@hkV\g@TQ@b$vR†e[wRV\B$T[KGXW Y p Î ÒqÏ RU— WXBv 7 b=viFKJ˜‹.bUQ@Q@Y@V\P@YSVUWcWXYSb\]˜T4v [)Y@j x_BBBZQ@FHVEWXY@[)R\BT"WXx@N"TYSTZBRUTHD@vCFC†ex@Y b J8FHVRU DS TwbUR™[KRUWXb p 
gk¦¸¥CTwQ˜Q@[Kx@bUTV™x9[KRUWXWXY@B$§b\RUF)T$[KJ4x9R\D@F)TJ&bUTÀ†UªN"FOT$V_[KbULQ@V\®4T†b›¢&WXb2D@RUTFCY9F R\TD@CTwPkBTFHY@N/b\WcaOP@THQ@v RE[)—RUWXFOD@Y T )`   B
 'hCaOFHGXQ@N/T l$ˆ
l hCP˜[)]OTb Ò@l Œs)‰ h l·ˆHˆOo v B`
E-
 $

Î sqÏ!Šf V\vTbUk[b·)hÊY@L&Fk[Kv Nwg@VUWXx@]O)THhC^ j h l$ˆHÒSl v  @v¡^† —

bU[·[)WXaHPSaO[)P@T&WXGXG¸WcJ8[)B·T$gS[)[KWcRURUGXWXQ@WºFOReV\d_Y"T4F)F)b\JP˜J [)[_N/Bb\TFHWcVUN/V\TTP@x@PkGXQ@F)T&B¢g@R\TZWXQ@FHVeR&J8YQ@TEG=N>³I[)T[·BY@d_R\xWXb\aHWXBT_]HFOY@N"N/Wº¹˜P@T$B$[)QS[KY@R™YCbM[)RUR\J8GXWXd›FOFHVÑY˜T·[K[K[)Gc]HbUGXT.]Hd2V\RUWXTD@Y b T pp
GF^(  V ?:&H&( $ 

RUaHTZTZY@VUdwbUWXaHG¸[)T V\Gc]HT·T[)RUVUTYSCWcYSR]wB$[)N"R\TT]HR\FOD@VUFCWXx@ž$[)b$hCR\WXb\FHQ@YwBED¾P@V\[KFHb&g@GXY@TTN/Q@VEb»[)¢&GiDSYSWcTBEReD¢[)FOVUVUT&¶Cb$FOhkRUR\D F p Î ‡q[Ï Y@TvV·@Qh @[)DSY@V$x hiAIv¤v ® — [)žV\TRUVEN[)b$[)v Y@Y˜j [SWXV>hIKªwvIp ÔI[«Q@b\VURUQ@WX]˜GXT hip ^g˜[)vÊb\TAŒx9B™DCNw¢&Q@[)YCGXRUR W pp
TV\¢&Wcb\T_WXYCRUV™[KBR™[Kg@GXTHv bUÒHREtO[)Ò·]OpUT ÒHnOWXY@o xShOTTx@CWcWXYSRUFO]_V$bUh dCbUR\TN"bMJ8FOV
G¸[)VU]OT4b\Q@gHŽETBRK¹kh Tl$GXˆOx@ˆ@b$l vv †eY
%

I (:  RH:&J#K0L'1 3M

 Î ˆqÏ °>N [KvkYi®4v TZVU.DbUD@h»bUQ@LN/vkTÐxQ@
9BE¶ƒ[)GXYœTdChWcYC— R\Tv ˜V™[KvIBÔ¤RUWXTaHFHTÀY@TOVUh»TR\[KVUY@WXTx´aH[)‹2GvkT®4aH[KWXBEGX¶Q pp
 
'=@
H h ·
l H
ˆ 
, H
O
ˆ m 
v   &( $ '# @( ! 

†e)[ Y R\WXFHYŸ[)YSx9Y@T¢ÌG¸[)VU ]OTwRUTCR2BFHGXGXTBR\WXFHY±J8FOV_VUTb\T$[)V\BEDiv Î Hn nqÏ ˜XW x@v °TYCRUv.Wº¹˜°ÂB·[)WXGXRUg@WXFOQ@Y_V F)[)J˜YSb\x RUFOP›¢vFHACV\WXx@VUFOb$vRU¶CWXYiv — D@T,©h [Kl$Q@‡ RU
FO‰CN>m @[)mHR\mWXB h
? M=  0# 1 3!
 %
 H
 # (;!"$# `&B@()@E # B%
 (: 
KhkP˜[K]HTb l·ˆHn ŒnHtSl h l·ˆHˆK‰ v
 C=Y!@  V@K '&(
 $ '# @( !
$l ˆOˆHn v :@ ?& ? ^@ ? -

Î l$tqÏ bU‹2TZGcv TZBRUFOWXGXFHGcTZYV»v&[)†eYSY x›^9v)A@[)Dk[)N"
Wev — F)¢Ñ[KVUxFHPSRUWXN>[KG·J8T$[)R\Q@VUT Î nHoqÏ4ÖGXT$[)v \V Ö Y@[KWXY@Y@]]˜v J8V\7 FHN̝CP˜DCTZVUQ@RN>Y@[KTY_Re¢x@FHTV\BZ¶ Wcb\
WXFH7 Y@³IbTWXBYwR\WXRUaHTTwCR[)Y@B$[)xR\TTE]HË"FOBVUWXWXTž$YC[ Rp
!"0# 1 3
 .-
%

 $  
(:  
`&(:Y 
,:&Y F:# 
( @#$(%
 C)- ( # 
Oh l$ˆHˆOÒ v
RUWXFOY K[ Y@xšVUTR\VUWXTaH[KGÁv †eY   H
   :%

Î lHl'Ï †eY vHÔi[KY@]˜v TZ¢&
bU¢TTx@T*V
Ô¤T$[) V\Y@WXY@]RUF.¹˜GXRUTV=Y@TZRU Y@T¢&b·v

&%
$
l O
ˆ )
ˆ ‰ )
v
"$#
B&(
`&(:H8#  ()7 
  # $(@! 
 C=Y!  V6 
/0# 1 3
 .- H 
h k
P )
[ ]HTZb l$o ŒnOn h
) 

Oh l·ˆHˆHm v
,:&V# F` & $( `%
Î v )[ Y@]kv FHWXbUT‘V\Tx@Q@BR\WXFHYÌWXY[Âb\R™[)R\WXbURUWXB$[KG"
[)P p
Î l$nqÏ ‹L&[)[·GXaCG¸Wc[)x{Yh˜‹›[)vYSx ÔITŠ ¢&FHWXb·Y h f Š [)FHPSgk¶HT[@VUv R — 7 VEv&[)WXACY@BEWXD˜Y@]"[KP@[KWXVUGc]OTHFHh V\ƒWcR\[KD@N"N"TbMb J8FOf V v n)‰KÏ4ÖP@V\Fƒ[)Ö BE¯D RUF R\TCR_B$[)R\T]HFOVUWXž$[KRUWXFHYiv†eY
(:   $
&(:,   #C
 )  (B 

K (:  R )  &

GXWXY@
T$[)VR\TCR´BG¸[KbUbUWº¹˜TZVUb$v   †eY  83'H: /0#<`&B@()@H'# B %

:&   3 H

!"$# 1 354 6A ()@ R%
K@(B   / :% 
 (: 
K k
h ˜
P K
[ H
]
 

T b O
n H
m Ò
C=Y!@  V@K '&(
!"0# 1 3! ΠH
n O
Ò o h
$ '# @( !
.- ·
l H
ˆ O
ˆ m

v 

Î nHmqÏ4ÖBWXTv Y@Ö BZd¨[)Y@WX]kYÂvŸR\A@T[)CN/R>P@B·[)GXWXRUY@TZ]]HFHbUV\RUWXVEž$[)[)R\R\TWc]HFOWXYiTvÌb[)†eY@Y x¯GcT·[)VUYSWcYS"]´ TEË
p

  

Xh l$ˆHˆOÒ v nHˆO‡·pUoHtHÒ v

"$# `  &(:H8#   ()7 C=Y!  V6  ) 
B&( )
  # $(@!

Î l$oqÏ Re‹2¢v FŸ‹›v&GXT$Ô¤[)TV\¢&Y@WXWXY@b«]Ÿ[K[)Y@GXxš]OFH^9VUWXR\v D@ŠN"WXb Y@]HJ8FHQSV/TRURUR\TTHCv£RLB$[KFHRUN"T]OPkFH[)VUVUWXWXž$b\[KFHRUY‘WXFHYF)J v

AKJ   ( 
" 
'hCPk [)]HTZb ‡H‡ ŒˆOm h l$ˆHˆOÒ v

   1  7# C)- (  &(
    $ 

†eY  

 B .-
A ()@   R")&   : F ( H   "9
& R  Î nHÒqÏ4ÖRUF¿v Ö R\T[)CYSRÍ]˜v B·[)j RUTZY‘]HFHTV\aHWX[Kž$GX[)Q˜R\[)WcFOR\YiWcFOv YŸFKJ †eY bURE[)R\Wcb\RUWXB$[KG [) PSP@VUFC [)BED
'=@ , H
M=  0# 1 3

   
Hh l·ˆHˆK‰ v
 &(  $ '# @
(  !  F^ # +#  (

Î l‰KÏ — l$ˆOFHˆHN Ò v ^WXR\B™DSTGXGÁv C 7# 8)- (# 
Ov›^B$LVE[·¢®.WcGXGeh

" %  % 3  %7.*, D `
) 
 (B     # 
  9;
3("D@@ =Y
  !( $ )h l·ˆHˆOs v 
( , D

Î nHsqÏ4ÖN>v [KP@Ö P@[)WXY@Y@]/]šN"[)Y@TxÌR\D@FCLx±v ªwJ8FHv V_LR\DCTCQ@R›R\THB·v [)RUTZj ]HYÍFHV\WXTZž$Œ[)[KR\WcN"FOYŸP@GX[)T p Y@g˜x9[KbUV\TT x p

Î l$mqÏ †RUTZvƒ^RÀFHB$Q@[)GXR\WXTY@]HWXFOTV·VUWXv ž$[)R\†eWXb FHYÂGXT$[KP@VUV\Y@FHWXg@Y@GX]œT1N g@ W¸[)b´†e[KY YšWcb\bUQ@T9FOYš RUD@T RUV\WXTaH[)Gev HhCP˜[)]OTb nHmOo ŒnOsHs h l·ˆHˆ)‰ v 
E C
h ˜
P )
[ O
] T
F^    ()% A F^(  $  &( $  %

¦¸R\F"[)P@PkT$[KV™§h l$ˆOˆHs v
 D) >L(#K$H% ) $ 4 D ( :   F"L"  -
Î nH‡qÏ4ÖRUF.v VUÖ TN/[)Y@F)]aH[)T Y@V\x2Tx@°Q@YSv x˜˜[)vKYC°ÂR=WX¢GcgSFOQ@VUV$x@vOb`4WXY_b\WcRUYST] CR=BZFHB$VU[KPSRUQ@T]Ob FHbUVUREWX[)ž$R\[KWcRUb\WXRUFHWXBYb v
( # !@( 

Î l$ÒqÏ †B$vI[KRU^T]OFHFHQSVUGcWXWXž$Y@[KWXRUTWXV·FHh˜Yªw
v [2Š bU[KdCbUNw¶CWXgkY@FHWXGXb$WXh@B4[)[)YSP@x PSVU˜FƒvI[Kª_BEDi[Kv Y˜[)†eY b\BW¸[@v — TCR



()@ R% †eY @' ,(KD@ B& D ¸h l·ˆHˆHÒ v
ch l·ˆHˆOÒ v


   :&   & H   "      C=@ 
,

H   &(  $  '# @
 ( !

Î l$sqÏ ˜v Š v 4QSWcYSG½[KYiv±
Oh †eY@l ¦x@l Q@Q§ BZ
‡@RUWXl FHÊY‘l·tHF)Ò J4h xSl$TˆHB‡OWXÒ bUWXv FHY‘R\VUTTb·v
 
 C)- (#  E-
 %

Î l$‡qÏ ªwv"AS[)GXRU)FOYiv       F 

^ (:B  6 F:

f TY@Y@b\dCGcaH[KY@W¸[@h l·ˆH‡H ˆ v Zv j x@x@WXbUFOY p °9TbUGXTdCh Š T·[)x@WXY@]kh

F^(  &(   DIH    D   C# @( ! D)&"&(% 
 B` @
 (

Î l$ˆqÏ ®›BFOv.N"ACP˜BE[KD VUQ@WXbURUFOžZTHY"hwF)‹›J Bv j G¸[KvbUbU®.Wº¹˜Q@TZGXVUGeb_h [)[KY@Y@xÀx x@˜FCv B2vQ@N"f TZTYƒx@R&TV\V\TbUP@TYV\Tv bUTY j p
  W

R™[KRUWXFHYSbJ8FHVÀRUD@T9V\FHQ@R\WcYS]ÂP@VUFOg@GXTN´v †eY 3

  H
#,
! 
/0# `&(: 

P˜)[K ]HT b nHnHˆ ŒnOoHs h l$ˆHˆO)m v

V, 
.-
 &(
 #  )
$ # @ ( !
( 7 C=YB%
 !"$# 1 3
  Hh
&%Î nHtqÏ g˜[Kv bU—Tx{žTFHVE[)YÂb›gk[K[·Y@dHx9Tb\AIW½[KvkY® WX[)YCV\J8RUTNV\T[)Y@YiBv T9j YSQ@TRURe¢FON>FOVU[)¶CR\b$WXvB_WXY@†eY x@TCWXY@]
A ()@
94H##  !"$# `&B@()@   # B%
 (: 
!"0# 1 3KhkP˜[K]HTb nOn @o)‰ h l$ˆOˆHo v
C=Y!@   V@K '&(
-
$ '# @ ( ! 

Î n@l'Ï j7 v YS°ÂTQ@WXTV™[KY@GTV·Y@h T˜Re¢v 2vFHVU¶f T[Kx@P@TZP@VUVUbUFCTZ[)YiBEh D[)Y@R\Fx RUj FOP@v A¤WXB‘v°9bUPkTFHWXRU]HR\TWXY@Y@x]˜vv

' W

†eY

()@   E:&E  - (BH   "9 (  R