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This document discusses orbital velocity and escape velocity. Orbital velocity is the speed needed for an object to remain in a stable circular orbit around another celestial body due to the balance between gravitational force and inertia. Escape velocity is the minimum speed required to escape the gravitational influence of a celestial body. Formulas and examples of orbital velocities of Earth and other planets and escape velocities of Earth, Moon, and other planets are provided. The key difference between orbital velocity and escape velocity is also outlined.

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Khushboo Dalmia
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321 views

Isro Project

This document discusses orbital velocity and escape velocity. Orbital velocity is the speed needed for an object to remain in a stable circular orbit around another celestial body due to the balance between gravitational force and inertia. Escape velocity is the minimum speed required to escape the gravitational influence of a celestial body. Formulas and examples of orbital velocities of Earth and other planets and escape velocities of Earth, Moon, and other planets are provided. The key difference between orbital velocity and escape velocity is also outlined.

Uploaded by

Khushboo Dalmia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ESCAPE AND ORBITAL VELOCITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 ORBITAL VELOCITY 02 ORBITAL VELOCITY 03 ESCAPE VELOCITY AND
AND FORMULAE AND SPACE FORMULAE
EXPLORATION

04 ESCAPE VELOCITY 05 ESCAPE VELOCITY 06 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN


OF THE EARTH OF OTHER PLANETS THE TWO
HOW ORBITAL VELOCITY WORKS ?
Orbital velocity is the velocity at which a
body revolves around the other body.
Objects that travel in the uniform circular
motion around the Earth are called to be in
orbit. The velocity of this orbit depends on
the distance between the object and the
centre of the earth.It is used extensively to
launch satellites into orbits and to make
sure that they stay in their orbits. Inertia of
the moving body tends to make it move on
in a straight line, while gravitational force
tends to pull it down. Thus the path traced
will be a balance between these two forces
i.e. an elliptical path is formed.
FORMULA OF ORBITAL VELOCITY
ORBITAL VELOCITY
Orbital Velocity,velocity sufficient to cause an
artificial or natural satellite to remain in
orbit.Inertia of the moving body tends to
make it move on in a straight line,while
gravitational force tends to pull it down.it is
elliptical or circular.The more massive the
body at the centre of attraction,the higher is
the orbital velocity for a particular altitude or
distance.The farther from the centre of
attraction a satellite is the weaker the
gravitational force and the less velocity it
needs to remain in orbit.
SPACE EXPLORATION
Space Exploration is the use of astronomy and space
technology to explore outer space.While the exploration
of space is carried out mainly by astronomers with
telescopes,its physical exploration is conducted both by
uncrewed robotic space probes and human
spaceflight.Space Exploration, like its classical form
astronomy,is one of the main sources for space
science.It’s benefits can be categorized into three
fundamental areas: innovation; culture and inspiration;
and new means to address global challenges.Space
exploration allows us to prove or disprove scientific
theories developed on Earth.1969: Apollo 11 - First Man
on the Moon was one of the famous space exploration.
WHAT IS ESCAPE VELOCITY?
Escape velocity is defined as the speed at which an object
travels to break free from either the planet’s or moon’s
gravity and leave without any development of propulsion.
The escape velocity of celestial bodies like planets and
their natural satellites (the moon for us) is the minimum
velocity that has to be achieved by an object, to escape the
gravitational sphere of influence (pull or force or
attraction) of the celestial body. At this velocity, the sum of
the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of the
system will be equal to zero.
FORMULA OF ESCAPE VELOCITY
ESCAPE VELOCITY OF THE EARTH

Escape velocity is the minimum velocity


with which a body must be projected
vertically upwards in order to escape the
gravitational field of earth
.
On the surface of earth, escape velocity
is about 11.2km/s which is
approximately 33 times of the speed of
sound.
The escape velocity Escape velocities for
depends only on the Jupiter has the
larger planets (or highest escape
mass and size of the celestial bodies) is
object from which velocity among
greater since it will
something is trying to planets.this is
have a larger mass
escape.the escape because Jupiter has
compared to smaller
velocity from Earth is the highest mass.
planets with a lower
the same for a pebble The escape velocity
mass (having less
as it would be for a of Jupiter is 59.5
gravity in
space shuttle km/s
comparison)
ESCAPE VELOCITY OF THE EARTH
For earth,
Acceleration due to gravity, g= 9.8 m/s²
The radius of the earth, R= 6.4*10⁶ m
Escape velocity of earth, v= √(2×9.8×6.4×10⁶)
Therefore, v= 11.2*10³m/s = 11.2km/s

On earth, the escape velocity is around 40,270 kmph ,which is


around 11,186m/s.
Even the escape velocity is different at the poles of earth
compared to that from equator because the radius is more at
the equator.
ESCAPE VELOCITY OF OTHER PLANETS
CERES SUN
Escape Velocity in Escape Velocity in
km/s: 0.64 km/s km/s: 618 km/s

JUPITER MOON
Escape Velocity in Escape Velocity in
km/s: 59.5 km/s km/s: 2.38 km/s
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ESCAPE AND
ORBITAL VELOCITY
FEATURE ESCAPE VELOCITY ORBITAL VELOCITY

Definition The minimum velocity required for an The velocity required for an
object to escape the gravitational pull of object to maintain a circular
a massive body. orbit around a massive
body.

Formula Ve= √2Gr Vo= √(GM/R)

Application Escape velocity is used to launch Orbital velocity is used to


objects into space. launch satellites and other
objects into orbit around a
planet.
Thank You.
❏ Krisha Murarka - IXC
❏ Amatulla Bakkala - IXC
❏ Diya Roy - XIC2
❏ Adrija Pan - XIC2
❏ Prachi D Shah - XA
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik

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