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Ram Mandir Dealing with the Nina Singh AI May Affect

world of wants takes charge
Inaugurated and needs:
as CISF’s first 40% of Jobs
Understanding Worldwide: IMF
in Ayodhya 05 consumerism 07 woman chief 09 17

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“One individual may

die for an idea, but that
idea will, after his death,
incarnate itself in a
thousand lives”
- Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

A newspaper especially crafted for school going children

News, Hobbies, Education, Entertainment, Exposure, Personality Development, Competitions

India’s 75 Republic Day: th

‘Nari Shakti’ Takes Centre Stage
ndia celebrated its 75th Republic Day on Jan. 26, the Padma Awards. These include Padma Vibhushan for
I 2024 with a colourful parade showing military
strength and cultural diversity. On this day in 1950,
extraordinary service, Padma Bhushan for high-order
service and Padma Shri for distinctive service in any area.
India became a republic as the Constitution of India came The winners spanned sectors like art, social work and
into force. The parade was organised on the Kartavya Path, public affairs. The awards showcased gender diversity,
which was earlier known as the Rajpath. The themes of the honouring 30 women, including actress Vyjayanthimala
parade were ‘Viksit Bharat’ (Developed India) and ‘Bharat Bali and Justice M Fathima Beevi. International
– Loktantra ki Matruka’ (India – Mother of Democracy). contributions were recognised with eight non-Indian
Here are the biggest moments of the Republic Day recipients like businessperson Young Liu from Taiwan. Nine
Parade. posthumous honours were also given, acknowledging
• President Smt. Droupadi Murmu led the nation in impactful legacies like that of Bindeshwar Pathak, the
celebrating Republic Day. India invites foreign leaders founder of Sulabh International.
to watch the celebrations. This year, France’s President • A contingent of 128 soldiers (33-member band contingent President Smt. Murmu awarded the ‘Pradhan Mantri
Mr. Emmanuel Macron was the chief guest at the event. and 95-member marching contingent) from the French Rashtriya Bal Puraskar’ to 19 children, nine boys and ten
Smt. Murmu and Mr. Macron arrived from Rashtrapati army also took part in the parade. girls, for achievements in bravery, science, art, innovation,
Bhawan to the Kartavya Path in a British-era open-air • For the first time, the French air and space force social service and sports. Notables like 12-year-old Aditya
chariot (horse-pulled buggy). The tradition of using a participated in the fly-past, showing two French Rafales Bramhane, who heroically saved his cousins, 17-year-old
buggy instead of a car returned after 40 years. and one tanker aircraft. Aryan Singh with his farming Agrobot, 6-year-old maths
• Over 13,000 common people from diverse backgrounds • Some of the key displays at the parade were T-90 prodigy Armaan Ubhrani, 16-year-old Suhani Chauhan,
across the country were invited as special guests by Bhishma tanks, the NAG missile system, infantry combat inventor of a solar agriculture vehicle, social activist
Prime Minister Sh. Narendra Modi, exemplifying ‘jan vehicles, all-terrain vehicles, the weapon locating radar Jyotsna Akhtar and 10-year-old badminton star Jessica Neyi
bhagidari’ (people’s participation). system ‘Swathi’, drone jammer systems, and medium- Saring were honoured for their inspiring contributions.
• This year, Republic Day roared with ‘Nari Shakti’, which range surface-to-air missiles. People across India celebrated the 75th Republic Day
means ‘woman power’. Over 100 talented women • The parade ended with a spectacular fly-past featuring with great enthusiasm. The Republic Day Parade 2024
artists, playing traditional Indian instruments like the many formations, highlighting India’s air power. also highlighted cultural diversity, military strength and the
Sankh, Nagada and Naadswaram, opened the parade. significant role of women in various fields. The many
• A total of 25 tableaux participated in the parade. They Awards performances, including by France, made it a memorable
showed India’s vibrant cultural heritage and social A significant highlight of the Republic Day celebrations is and vibrant event for everyone involved.
progress. State tableaux showcased diverse cultures, the awarding of prestigious honours. On Republic Day’s eve,
with women at the front of each display. the President of India bestows military individuals with Power Words
• The tableau of the Indian Space Research Organisation gallantry awards, acknowledges civilians with the esteemed
Biodiversity The variety of plants and animals in an
(ISRO) highlighted women scientists and their work on Padma Awards and honours young achievers with the Pradhan
(n.) area or on Earth
the successful landing of Chandrayan-3. Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar.
• Meghalaya’s tableau focused on cherry blossoms and President Smt. Draupadi Murmu sanctioned 391 gallantry Contingent A small group of troops who are part of a
lilac flowers. Arunachal Pradesh highlighted its awards and decorations to armed forces personnel for their (n.) larger group
biodiversity. valour and service. Among these, six were honoured with the A flight by a group of aircraft in a special
Fly-past (n.)
• For the first time, an all-woman contingent of the army, Kirti Chakra and 16 with the Shaurya Chakra, India’s esteemed formation
air force and navy also marched in the parade. Indian second and third-highest peacetime awards for extraordinary The form of government in which the
women soldiers also performed stunts on bikes. bravery. These awards show the remarkable courage and president and prime minister are both
• Around 1,500 female dancers performed 30 folk dances, selflessness of India’s heroes, including Major Rawat, Republic (n.)
elected by the people; a country without
celebrating India’s rich cultural heritage. Havildar Yadav, Major Francis, Havildar Kumar and civilian a king’s or queen’s rule.
• Women pilots showcased their skills during the fly- Parshotam Kumar. They have set a profound example of
A group of models or figures representing
past, highlighting Nari Shakti. dedication and heroism. Tableau (n.)
a story or a theme; plural: tableaux
• Delhi Police presented its first all-woman contingent. The President also honoured 132 notable individuals with

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Books and Movies StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 02
Ghostbusters:
Afterlife The Witches
English
he Witches” by Roald Dahl is a
Age: 8+
Authors: Roald Dahl
Illustrator: Quentin Blake
“T super exciting book that will
keep you on the edge of your
English seat! It tells the story of a brave young
Age: 8+ boy and his clever grandmother who come
up with a plan to stop some sneaky
Available on witches. These witches look just like
Prime Video ordinary women but plan to turn all the
children into mice!
hostbusters: Afterlife” is a The boy and his grandmother go on a
“G super cool movie that takes
you on an exciting ghost-
thrilling adventure full of twists and turns
to save the day. Author Roald Dahl really
hunting adventure. It is about two kids knows how to mix horror and fun, making
who move to a small town with their every page a blast to read. The illustrations
mother and find out that their grandpa by Quentin Blake are amazing too.
was a famous ghostbuster. The kids Quentin brings all the characters,
discover all sorts of cool ghost-hunting especially the witches, to life with his
gadgets and soon realise that it’s up to awesome drawings.
them to save the town from spooky ghosts. “The Witches” is more than just a
The movie is full of fun, laughs and some spooky moments. But it’s not story. It’s a wild ride that shows how
too scary. The young actors are awesome, making you feel like you’re part of bravery, quick thinking and love can
their ghost-hunting gang. outsmart even the trickiest of witches. So
It is the sequel to the movies Ghostbusters (1984) and Ghostbusters II if you’re ready for some magic, mystery
(1989). It is nice to see some of the original Ghostbusters actors make and a whole lot of fun, this book is perfect
appearances too. for you!
The movie is not just about catching ghosts; it is also about the kids
learning about their family’s past and becoming brave heroes themselves. If
you love exciting adventures, funny jokes and cool special effects, Worksheet : BM144
“Ghostbusters: Afterlife” is the perfect movie to watch. It is a great film for
kids and families, especially if you enjoy stories about friendship, bravery and Do you agree with the way witches are portrayed in the book? Why or why not?
some spooky ghost-hunting fun.
................................................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Worksheet : BM142
Write an alternative ending for the movie. What would you ................................................................................................................................................................................................................

change or add?
................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Happy as a Hen
Guthlee Ladoo Hindi, English, Tamil, Kannada, etc.
Age: 7+ ou must have seen human-
Author: Reena I. Puri
Illustrator: Aratrika Choudhury
Y like aliens in movies. What
about hen-like aliens coming
Available at www.storyweaver.org.in to talk to hens on Earth? “Happy as a
Hindi with English subtitles Hen” is a captivating story about alien
Age: 6+ hens. It follows the adventures of
Ma-Cluck and K-Chick, two space
Available on travellers who land on Earth to learn
Prime Video about the lives of hens on Earth. Their
journey takes an unexpected turn
uthlee Ladoo” is a multiple when they meet Ra Ra Rooster and
“G award-winning Hindi film. It
tells the story of a young boy
end up in a poultry farm. In this
unexpected journey, they learn about
named Guthlee who always dreamt of happiness and the realities of life.
going to school. Guthlee’s best friend is The book combines colourful
named Ladoo. In their village, children illustrations with a story that gently
born into certain families weren’t allowed to get an education because of their teaches young readers about the
background (caste). It was unfair, but it was the way things were. expectations and the essence of joy. It
However, Guthlee doesn’t accept this. He’s determined to learn and read, is a delightful and thought-provoking
just like the other children. He spends his days listening to classroom lessons read for children. The authors have
from outside the school window, soaking up knowledge like a sponge. One cleverly used words such as Galaxy
day, the school’s principal (played by famous actor Sanjay Mishra) notices ‘SCRAMBLED’ and spaceship ‘YOLK’
Guthlee’s dedication towards education and sees the spark in his eyes. Will to enhance the joy of reading.
Guthlee overcome the obstacles before him and achieve his dream? Will the
school’s principal find a way to help him?
The film takes you on Guthlee’s journey, filled with challenges, moments
of joy and the sweet reward of never giving up. It also gives a strong
message – “Education is a right, not a privilege, and even the smallest
flame of hope can ignite a fire for change.” Worksheet : BM145
Complete the paragraph using the words below:
Worksheet : BM143 YOLK Planet Egx Zapper
Complete the dialogues from the film.
Determined to help, Ma-Cluck uses her special ___________to rescue the chicks. As they
1. Guthlee’s father: Only ___________earns you respect.
escape in their spaceship _______________, K-Chick promises the rescued chicks a new
2. Principal Harishankar: _______ does not discriminate.
home on ____________________, where they’ll be safe and happy.
3. Principal Harishankar: Everyone should get an _______________
and ___________.
Science StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 03
Soil-Powered Fuel Cell: Harnessing

Class IX+
Radioactivity
Sustainable Energy from Microbes

China Develops World’s

First Nuclear Battery
That Can Last for 50 Years

Class VI+
Electricity
magine a battery so small releases energy as it slowly breaks
I that it fits in your pocket,
but so powerful that it can
down. The scientists at Betavolt
have figured out how to capture this
keep your favourite toy running for energy and turn it into electricity.
Fuel cell developed by Bill Yen from
50 years without needing a single Bill Yen buries the fuel cell in soil Northwestern University
charge. That’s exactly what a Features:
startup company in China called • Tiny yet powerful: It is a coin- cientists at Northwestern University in electricity to power small devices. The scientists
Betavolt claims to have invented.
It’s not magic. It is nuclear power
sized battery (15mm length x
15mm breadth x 5mm height)
S Illinois, USA, have developed a special
battery (fuel cell) that can be powered
tested this fuel cell by using it to power sensors
that measure soil moisture and detect movement.
packed into a coin-sized battery. that can generate power for 50 by soil. This unique invention is called a microbial Such sensors can be used to monitor animals in
years without any need for fuel cell. agricultural fields.
charging. This new fuel cell works well in both wet and
• 100% safe to use: Using a So, what exactly is dry soil and lasts longer than similar devices by
nuclear energy battery might a microbial fuel cell? 120%. The scientists say that their fuel cell
sound dangerous. But Betavolt A cell is a device that gives electric power. Many cannot power homes but can power millions of
claims that the battery is safe as cells joined together are called a battery. Batteries small sensors that will be required in smart
there is no external radiation. used in mobile phones, laptops and toys use agriculture. They say it is an eco-friendly
Moreover, the battery will not chemical reactions to store and release energy. alternative to harmful materials like lithium and
catch fire or explode even if Hence, these batteries are also called heavy metals used in regular batteries.
exposed to acupuncture needles electrochemical batteries. However, there is a
or gunshots. problem with these batteries. Once they run out of
• Can bear extreme charge, we have to throw away the battery (in the
temperatures: It works well in case of a non-rechargeable battery) or recharge it.
temperatures ranging from 120 We cannot continue using it for longer times.
to minus 60 degrees Celsius. The fuel cells do not have this problem.
Think of the batteries you use Similar to batteries, fuel cells also give electric
every day. They power your toys, What’s next? power from a chemical reaction. However, more
games and even your parents’ BV100 is still in its early stages chemicals (fuel) can be added to the fuel cell so
smartphones. But they always run of development. Currently, it is a that it can keep giving power. Thus, fuel cells are
out, leaving you running for a 3-volt battery with a power output like batteries that can be constantly fed with fuel.
charger. This new battery, called of 100 microwatts. It has enough A microbial fuel cell is slightly different from a
BV100, is like having a mini power power to run small devices like regular fuel cell. Instead of using chemicals, it
plant in your pocket, always ready watches, medical sensors and even uses tiny living things called microbes (like
to go. some toys. However, it cannot bacteria) to generate electricity. Electricity is
power smartphones, which require produced when electrons move from one place to
How does it work? 3–5 watts of battery power. The another in a systematic manner. Scientists noted Background Information
Instead of using chemicals like makers say they will develop 1-watt that some microbes present in the soil release
regular batteries, BV100 uses tiny batteries by 2025. In the future, electrons. Microbes eat organic matter (pieces of Smart agriculture
bits of a special material called they hope to make batteries with dead and decomposed plants and animals in the It is farming with the help of gadgets. It uses
nickel-63. This material is even more capacity for smartphones, soil). As they eat, they release electrons. A special tools that tell farmers exactly what
radioactive, which means that it laptops and even drones. microbial fuel cell is a device that captures these their plants need, like more water or less
electrons and uses them to produce electricity. fertiliser. This helps to make sure that nothing
The first microbial fuel cell was invented in is wasted, and the plants grow big and
1911. However, it could not produce enough healthy. It is a more efficient and
electricity to power something. The newly environmentally friendly method of farming.
invented microbial fuel cell was able to generate

Cell Microbial Fuel Cell

Power Words
Using, producing or resulting from the energy that is
Nuclear (adj.) Worksheet : SC081
produced when the central part (nucleus) of an atom is split
Startup (n.) A new company Draw a picture of a smart farm that utilises advanced agricultural technologies.

Worksheet : SC082

Why do you think the demand for batteries is increasing these days?
Geography StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 04
Government Approves Rs Background Information
Earth System Sciences
4,797 Crore “PRITHVI” Scheme Our Earth has five major components: air
(atmosphere), water (hydrosphere), land
(geosphere), ice (cryosphere) and living
things (biosphere). These components are
all connected to each other. Earth System
Science studies how they work together and
affect each other, like mountains shaping
clouds, wind carrying water and plants
cleaning the air. It is all about understanding
our beautiful planet as a whole.

arth is our only home, and Power Words

E understanding it is key to protecting
it. So the government of India
Class VI+
The Earth Earth Branches of science such as
recently approved a scheme called “PRITHvi Institute of Ocean Technology, and the Science geology and geography that are
VIgyan (PRITHVI).” The meaning of this and energy sources) in a way that helps National Centre for Seismology. Each (n.) related to the study of the Earth
term is “Earth Science.” This scheme is a our society. institute has a particular job, like forecasting All activities related to making
Economy
five-year plan (from 2021 to 2026) with a • To share knowledge: What we learn the weather, studying the oceans, finding and trading things people need or
(n.)
budget of Rs 4,797 crores. about the Earth will be used to provide resources or checking for earthquakes. The want
services that benefit people, the PRITHVI scheme will bring all these
So, what exactly will the environment and the economy. institutes together to understand
PRITHVI scheme do? the atmosphere, oceans and other parts of Worksheet : GR081
The PRITHVI scheme aims to improve How will the scheme work? the Earth. Unscramble the words to discover the
our understanding of Earth System The scheme will be run by the Ministry magic phrase
Sciences by keeping an eye on the Earth. of Earth Sciences. There are ten institutions But why all this effort?
Its goals are: under the ministry, such as the India The aim of this scheme is to make Earth
• To study the weather: Scientists will Meteorological Department, the National science better and provide useful services
study the weather like never before. for our country. It will help us:
They will build better systems to predict • Stay safe: By predicting natural disasters,
rain, storms and even heat waves. we can save lives and protect our homes.
• To explore the unknown: Scientists will • Grow healthy food: Knowing about the
study glaciers, ice caps and the changing weather and climate can help farmers
climate in the frozen lands of the Arctic grow the right crops for our food.
and Antarctic. • Keep our planet healthy: By
• To study the oceans: Under this scheme, understanding how the Earth works, we
technology will be developed to explore can protect our oceans, forests and air for
and use ocean resources (like minerals future generations.

X-Ray Eyes in the Sky: ISRO Launches Polarisation

Polarisation is simply like using a filter for light.
India’s Super Satellite XPoSat Imagine light as a group of waves moving in all
directions. The polariser (filter) acts like a fence with
vertical bars. When light waves reach this fence, only
the waves moving vertically can pass through. The
horizontal waves are
blocked. This process
is called polarisation,
and the light that
comes out is called
polarised light. It is
Class VI+ often used in
sunglasses to reduce
The Universe glare from surfaces like water or roads because it
ot all the bright lights we see in the night sky are XPoSat carries two special instruments: POLIX and filters out specific directions of light waves. 3D glasses
N stars. In fact, there are different kinds of light and
radiation that come from faraway places. To learn
XSPECT. POLIX or Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays can
detect high-energy X-rays or hard X-rays. On the other hand,
that we wear in cinema halls also use this technique to
create a 3D effect. It may be noted here that X-rays are
about 40 of these bright lights and radiation, the Indian XSPECT or X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing can study low- also a kind of light.
Space Research Organisation (ISRO) sent a special satellite energy X-rays or soft X-rays.
called XPoSat into space. This satellite was launched on Jan.
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
1, 2024, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Why is the XPoSat mission special? It is a rocket used by India to send satellites into space.
Andhra Pradesh, on a PSLV rocket. XPoSat’s mission is super special for two reasons. Firstly, it
makes India the second country in the world after the USA to
So, what exactly will XPoSat do? have a powerful X-ray polarimeter in space. This puts our Worksheet : GR080
XPoSat stands for X-ray Polarimeter Satellite. It is a space country at the forefront of space science. Secondly, the
telescope that uses X-rays to see things. Many times, lights information gathered by XPoSat will help scientists all over the Solve the puzzle using the green highlighted words.
coming from distant galaxies get blocked by dust and gas world answer some of the biggest questions about the universe.
clouds present in space. So we cannot see them properly.
However, cosmic bodies such as black holes and neutron What next?
stars can be seen through the X-rays emitted by them. XPoSat has a lifespan of five years. During this period, it will
Scientists use X-ray telescopes to observe stars and galaxies collect various data that scientists around the world will study.
and understand them in greater detail. This is just like doctors This will lead to discoveries and breakthroughs in astronomy.
use X-ray films to study the fractured bones of their patients.
Also, XPoSat is special because it can study special kinds
of X-rays called polarised X-rays. By studying polarised
X-rays, scientists can learn more about black holes, neutron
stars, exploding stars, hidden nurseries of stars, birthplaces
of new galaxies, etc.

ACROSS
3. The scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, etc.
5. A technique used in 3D glasses to make a movie appear 3D.

Power Words DOWN

1. A very small and dense star made almost completely of
Cosmic (n.) Relating to the universe or cosmos neutrons.
Emit (v.) To send gas, heat, light, etc. out 2. An area in space having immense gravity that nothing—not
even light—can escape from it.
Polarimeter 4. A huge collection of millions of stars, planets, gas and dust.
An instrument that can study polarised light
(n.)
Art and Culture StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 05
Musical Legend Prabha
Atre Passes Away at 92 Ram Mandir
Inaugurated
in Ayodhya

ecently, the musical legend Prabha Atre passed away in

R Pune. She was 92 and was one of India’s gems in the world
of Indian classical music.
Prabha Atre was born on Sept. 13, 1932, in Pune. This was a time
when girls were expected to stay quiet and proper. But Prabha was
different. She loved to sing—not just any songs, but the beautiful,
ancient melodies of Hindustani classical music. She did not come from
a musical family. She was introduced to music when her father hired a
harmonium teacher for her sick mother. Prabha learnt music from
different teachers, exploring various musical styles. n Jan. 22, 2024, a very special event took of the temple. This idol was carved by a famous
In the world of classical music, there are often strict rules about
how and when certain songs should be sung. But Prabha wasn’t just
O place in Ayodhya city. After many years of
waiting, the grand Ram Mandir (a temple
sculptor from Mysuru, Arun Yogiraj. The sculptor
used special rocks, known as Shaligram (black
about imitating others. She dedicated to Lord Ram) was finally inaugurated. stone), brought from Nepal’s Kali Gandaki river.
sought reasoning for everything, Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, performed special This rock is about 60 million years old.
asking questions like, “Why do prayers and completed the prana pratishtha • The entire temple is built without using any iron or
we sing this raga only at night?” (consecration) of the temple. steel. The chief architect of the temple is
She questioned why one Chandrakant Sompura. He comes from a stone
should not try the musical style of worker community in Gujarat called Sompura
other gharanas . Gharanas Salat. Their ancestors designed the famous
(referring to schools of music) are Somnath temple of Gujarat.
like families of musicians, each • The foundation of Ram Mandir is extra special. It
having its own style. Although is made with soil collected from thousands of
Prabha represented the Kirana places (over 2,500 places) across India,
Gharana, she also explored other connecting the temple to every corner of the
gharanas. She believed that country.
every raga and every melody had
its own story to tell. She also believed that music should flow freely, Why is this temple so important?
just like a bird in the sky, and anyone should be able to sing any song The temple is built on the birthplace of Lord
at any time they wanted. She sang songs from different schools of Rama. Lord Rama is seen as a symbol of
music, mixing and matching them like delicious ingredients in a recipe. righteousness, virtue and morality. His story inspires
Prabha wasn’t just a singer; she was also a teacher. She wanted millions to uphold the values of truth and justice
everyone to experience the joy of music. So, she taught music at a The inauguration was a huge celebration filled even in the face of adversity. Therefore, Ram Mandir
university and transformed the music curriculum. Instead of just with joy and music. People from all over India came is more than just a temple; it is a symbol of hope,
learning by rote, she encouraged students to explore different types to Ayodhya to be a part of this special day. Some of unity and faith. It reminds us of the importance of
of music and find their own voices. In recognition of her dedication to the main features of the temple are: respecting different beliefs and finding ways to live
music, she received several awards, including the Padma Shri in 1990, • The temple is built on a 70-acre land complex. together in peace. Most importantly, it is a place
the Padma Bhushan in 2002 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2022. The main temple area is 2.77 acres. where people of all ages and religions can come to
Although she has now left this world, her music will continue to • The temple is 76 metres (250 ft) wide, 120 pray, learn about Ramayana, and experience the
echo in our hearts forever. metres (380 ft) long and 49 metres (161 ft) high. deep cultural heritage of India.
• The temple is built in the traditional Nagara style
Background Information of architecture using pink sandstone from Bansi,
Rajasthan.
Kirana Gharana • The temple is three-storeyed. The Shri Ram
Kirana Gharana is one of the schools of music developed by Darbar, located on the first floor, comprises five
Ustad Abdul Karim Khan in the late 19th century. This gharana halls—Nritya Mandap, Rang Mandap, Sabha
takes its name from the town of Kirana in Uttar Pradesh, Mandap, Prarthana Mandap and Kirtan Mandap.
where Ustad Abdul was born. These are designed for activities like praying,
meeting and cultural events.
Raga (or Raag) • The main idol of Lord Rama is in the form of a
A series of musical notes on which a melody is based. Ragas five-year-old child (called Ram Lalla). It is 51
express different moods at different times of the day. For inches (1.3 m) tall and is placed in the sanctum
example, Raga Bhairav is performed in the morning and is sanctorum (Garbh Griha), which is the holiest part
associated with a devotional and peaceful mood.
Power Words
Background Information
Power Words The act of making something
Nagara style Consecration
sacred and suitable to be used for
The process of learning something by repetition, Nagara style is one of the three main styles (n.)
Rote (n.) religious ceremonies
rather than by understanding of Hindu temple architecture. The other
two are Dravida and Vesara. The term Motif (n.) A picture or pattern on something
“Nagara’’ comes from the Sanskrit word
Worksheet : AC081
“Nagara,” meaning city. The word signifies
Find five words related to music the association of this style with the
Worksheet : AC080
northern regions of India. Key features of Unscramble the words to find the magic word.
A M G C P G S Y Y C
Nagara architecture include a shikhara
M K U H J J Z M U L (tower, the main superstructure), a plinth
T B U I A E Y W V A (raised platform), a sanctum (garbha griha),
a hall (mandapa) and sometimes a porch
U R I S Z R L D M S
(ardhamandapa). The sanctum houses the
Z K I X S G A E W S main deity, and the mandapa serves as a
C I S U M B L N B I community hall for worshippers. The
exterior walls of Nagara temples are often
R A G A X O P F A C
decorated with detailed carvings depicting
W V R E D L H R C A deities, mythological scenes and other
Z B W Y B M O M Z L religious motifs.
L M G Q D G U G N U
HISTORY StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 06
Ancient stone tools and pottery Background Information
Iron Age

discovered in South India

After the Stone Age, people discovered
copper and mixed it with tin. They used
it to make bronze for tools and weapons.
Age. It was a period when people lived in This age, between 3300 and 1200 BCE,
caves and used stones to make tools. This is called the Bronze Age. Later, people
age began about 2.6 million years ago and learned to extract iron from rocks to
ended around 10,000 years ago. make stronger tools and weapons. This
This is not the only discovery of Stone Age period between 1200 and 550 BC is
tools in South India. Recently, some stone known as the Iron Age.
tools were found in Tamil Nadu’s Sembur
village near Chennai. They were discovered Power Words
by students from the University of Madras.
Along with hand axes, they also found broken A person who takes part in
coloured (red and black) pottery pieces. Amateur an activity because they are
That’s surprising because it was believed that (n.) interested in it or enjoy it,
humans did not know how to make pottery in not as a job
those times. Maybe these early humans were A prehistoric stone tool
experimenting with different ways to cook Hand Axe with one pointed end for
and store food. According to researchers, (n.) cutting and one rounded
Sembur also provides evidence of a burial end for holding in the hand.
site from the Iron Age.
These discoveries are important, as Palaeolithic Old Stone Age (palaios,
they show that humans lived in this part of (n.) “old” and lithos, “stone”)

Class VI+ South India millions of years ago in the

Stone tool discovered in Mulugu Stone Age. This shows that India has a rich
district in Telangana Ancient India human heritage. Worksheet : HT080
Find four words related to prehistory.
ometimes, rain can also reveal
S history. This is what happened in
Telangana in South India. In July
C X Z O X N W E P B

2023, large parts of Mulugu district were I I H V P M G P C S

flooded by the overflowing of the Godavari H W H A H A R S W I
River. When the waters receded, a team of
T I F T N N M U L Q
amateur historians started exploring the
area. They were surprised to find stone I N D O I D E Y P I
tools. These tools turned out to be about L H R O V L J D Z L
three million years old.
These tools are made up of a hard rock O I X Y Z P O A A U
called quartzite. There are hand axes that E A V X J E S S H S
were probably used for chopping wood,
hunting animals, and maybe even digging for N Z Z J R V F P E Z
roots. Experts say they belong to a period B R O N Z E A G E M
called the Palaeolithic Age or Old Stone

Male m o s q u it o e s u s e d t o s u c k b lo o d
in t h e pa s t, b u t t h e y s t o p p e d ! W h y ?
the fossil could be showing a different species
Class VI+
Sources of History

entirely and not the mosquito we know. It is also possible

that the mouthparts that the scientists found could be
used for something else and not for bloodsucking. Thus,
more research is needed for us to be sure about this
interesting discovery.

Power Words
Bones and other remains of the
Fossil (n.) animals and plants that lived a long,
long time ago
Fossil of Ancient Male Mosquito
A sweet liquid produced by flowers
ears of research have shown that only female energy to develop their eggs. The proteins and iron that Nectar (n.) and collected by bees and other
Y
mosquitoes feed on blood. Since male
mosquitoes do not have the same mouthparts
female mosquitoes get from blood are important for their
reproduction.
insects
To make a hole or pass through
as female mosquitoes, they cannot pierce skin for blood. There’s still a twist, though. Other scientists think that Pierce (v.)
something
But now, as per a new study, male mosquitoes might
have sucked blood in the past. But why did they stop? A tool used for holding and pulling
Pincer (n.)
something
Mosquito fossil found in Lebanon Reproduction The biological process of having
Scientists studied one of the earliest mosquito fossils (n.) babies or offspring
in the world, which was found in Lebanon. The fossil is
around 125 million years old. When the scientists
examined the fossil under a microscope, they saw
pincer-like body parts on the belly of the male mosquito. Worksheet : HT079
Therefore, scientists now think that male mosquitoes
also started out as bloodsuckers and pierced animal skin Name three parasites/animals other than mosquitoes
for feeding. However, this was a risky way to get food, that suck blood.
so they evolved towards safer and easier ways of
feeding and slowly lost their ability to suck blood. 1. ______________________________________
Instead, they found other sources of food, like nectar
and juices found in other parts of the plants. 2. ______________________________________
It was not the same for female mosquitoes. They 3. ______________________________________
continued to feed on blood as they needed extra A female mosquito feeding on blood
Life Skills StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 07
Dealing with the world
of wants and needs:
Understanding
consumerism
all ways companies try to catch our attention and
convince us that their product is the best. But remember,
it’s just an illusion.
2. The fear of missing out (FOMO): Have you ever felt
jealous when your friend shows off their fancy shoes,
clothes or a new phone? Consumerism thrives on
FOMO. FOMO makes us feel like everyone else is
having more fun and living better lives just because they
have the latest stuff. But remember, social media often
creates a promising picture that is not how life really is.
n Anandapur, a beautiful town in India, there lived playing cricket with an old bat that worked just fine. He If we always compare ourselves to others, this can
I a young boy named Rohan. Rohan was fascinated
by the many shops and markets in the streets of
found creative ways to have fun. He even began a small
club for kids to trade toys and books and encouraged them
make us unhappy and make us spend money on things
we don’t need.
Anandapur. Like many kids his age, he always wanted to to find joy in sharing and reusing things. 3. The convenience culture: We live in a fast-paced world
have the latest toys, the newest cricket gear and the Rohan’s friends noticed the change in him. At first, they where convenience (comfort) is king. Consumerism
trendiest clothes. His parents wanted to make him happy, were surprised, but soon they also joined in the fun of goes along with this by offering ready-made solutions
so they often gave in to his requests. creative play and exploration. Rohan realised that true for everything, from pre-packaged foods to tools which
Every weekend, Rohan and his friends would meet up to happiness didn’t come from having the most things or the are only used once. While these items can be attractive,
show off their new items. “Look at my new video game!” newest things, but from the experiences and friendships he they often create more waste and can be less healthy or
or “See my brand-new cricket bat!” were common phrases made along the way. economical than things made at home.
heard among them. Rohan felt pride and joy with each new Thus, Rohan escaped the trap of consumerism and
item he received. discovered the true joy of life. So, how can we be smart consumers?
One day, Rohan’s aunt, Meena, came to visit him. 1. Think before you buy: Ask yourself, “Do I really need
Meena lived in a small village. She was surprised by how this?” or “Could I borrow or repair something I already
many things Rohan had. “In our village, we find joy in have instead?”
simple pleasures,” she told him. This made Rohan 2. Value experiences over things: Plan a fun trip with
curious. So, during his summer break, he decided to visit friends or family instead of buying the latest items.
his aunt’s village. Memories last longer than toys.
In the village, life was different. There were no big 3. Be aware of advertising: Don’t fall for the hype.
shopping malls or cool stores. Instead, there were open Examine ads, be critical of them and remember that
fields, rivers, and a supportive community where everyone they’re just trying to sell us something.
knew each other. Rohan noticed that the children in the 4. Adopt creativity and Do It Yourself (DIY): Make your
village had fewer toys, yet they seemed happy. They own toys, clothes or decorations. It’s fun, saves money
played imaginative games, using sticks as swords and and is good for the environment.
stones as treasures. They ran through the fields and 5. Know your “Consumer Rights”: When you buy a toy
climbed trees. Their laughter filled the air. or another product, you have the right to expect it to
Rohan joined them and soon discovered a world of fun work properly and be safe to use. If something goes
and adventure that did not need new toys or gadgets. He wrong, you can return it or ask for help.
learned to make kites from old newspapers and bamboo 6. Be grateful for what you have: Take a moment each
sticks. He discovered how to play traditional games like day to appreciate all the amazing things you already
Kabaddi and Gilli-danda. The children’s creativity and So, what exactly is consumerism? have in your life, like your family, friends and even your
imagination amazed him. A consumer buys goods or services for their personal health. When you are more grateful for what you have,
use. Therefore, each one of us is a consumer, since we buy you probably won’t feel like you need more stuff to be
things we need. However, buying things that we don’t need happy.
again and again is known as consumerism. It’s like going Remember, you have the power to choose. Be a smart
shopping and always buying items because they look cool buyer, and think about what you’re buying and why. Focus
or are trendy, not because we really need them. on what truly matters – happiness, family, friends and
Maybe you have experienced consumerism yourself. experiences that create lasting memories.
Have you ever felt like you needed a new toy, even though
you already have a bunch of toys at home? Or maybe you Power Words
have seen a beautiful outfit online, and suddenly, everything
in your wardrobe seems boring. That is consumerism. Economical (adj.) Not using a lot of money
Illusion (n.) A false idea or belief
So, how does consumerism
work its magic? A short slogan, verse, or tune
Jingle (n.) designed to be easily remembered,
1. The appeal of advertising: Have you ever seen a especially as used in advertising
commercial (TV ad) with happy kids riding on the
newest bike or a family laughing around a new dining Thrive (v.) To grow
table? These ads create the idea that happiness and
As the days passed, Rohan realised that he was having belonging are related to having certain things. The ads
the best time of his life. This was not because he had make us believe that if we just have “that” toy, gadget Worksheet : ME039
received new things, but because of the new friendships or outfit, we will be popular, successful and happy. Can you think of a time when you bought something
and experiences he had gained. He learned to love the Sometimes, they even use catchy jingles or cute because you saw it in an advertisement or because
beauty of nature and the joy of simple living. characters to make us remember their products. Have your friends had it? How did you feel before and
When Rohan returned to Anandapur, he started to see you ever found yourself singing along to a jingle from a after making that purchase?
things differently. He began spending more time outdoors, commercial? That’s the magic of advertising. These are
Polity 08 StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in

India Ushers in a New Era of Justice: President

Murmu Approves Three Improved Laws • Enhanced protection for witnesses: You must have seen in
movies that witnesses do not turn to the court due to fear
of criminals. Now, witnesses will be given more protection
and their identities may be kept a secret.
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam
It is a new law of evidence that will replace the Indian
Evidence Act. This act was originally enacted in 1872. The
Bharatiya Sakshya Act describes a better way to produce
evidence in the courts, introducing key changes such as:
• Electronic records as documents: Electronic (digital)
records are included in the definition of documents.
Class VIII+ • Increased use of technology: Technology will be used in a
Legal Reform better manner to improve the efficiency of the criminal
justice system. This includes the use of electronic evidence
ecently, the President of India, Smt. Draupadi Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and video conferencing.
R Murmu approved three important bills. These are
the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the Bharatiya Nagarik
It is a new criminal procedure code that will replace the
Criminal Procedure Code. This code was originally enacted in Power Words
Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Bill. A bill is a 1973. The Criminal Procedure Code defines the steps that
Comprehensive Complete and including everything
proposed law. A bill becomes a law when it is passed by both should be followed in giving punishments. Sometimes,
(adj.) necessary
houses of the Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and people complain that they were jailed without following
signed by the President of India. These new laws are major proper rules. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Enact (v.) To pass a law
reforms to India’s legal system and will have a significant provides guidelines for a better way to punish criminals and Something related to punishment or
impact on the lives of all Indians. avoid the unintentional punishment of innocents. Some of the Penal (adj.)
penalties for violations of the law
key changes introduced in this code are:
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Events and activities that happen in a
It is a new penal code that will replace the Indian Penal court to decide if someone is guilty or
Trial (n.)
Code. A penal code is a set of laws that list crimes and their innocent based on the evidence
punishments. The IPC was originally enacted during the presented
British rule in 1860. Since then, it has been revised many
times over the years. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita is a
more comprehensive and modern law that reflects the Worksheet : PL077
needs of the 21st century. Some of the key changes in the
Bill are: What do you think about the changes in the new
• Increased penalties for serious offences: The penalties laws? Explain.
for serious offences, such as terrorism and mob lynching,
have been increased.
• New offences: Several new offences such as cybercrime, • Faster trials: It aims to reduce the time taken for trials,
human trafficking, hit-and-run and involving children to helping to ensure that justice is served more quickly.
commit offences, have been introduced. These offences • Simplified FIR process: An FIR is the initial report written
have been identified to address the emerging challenges by the police when people report a crime. Previously, one
in society. could report a crime only at the local police station. But
• Improved safety for women, children and the elderly: now, this restriction has been lifted. Individuals can now
Vulnerable groups such as women, children and the elderly report a crime at any police station. Online FIR registration
will be given stronger protection. is also available.

South Africa Accuses Background Information

The International Court of Justice

Israel of Genocide in Gaza

It is a special court in which countries can peacefully
solve their problems and arguments in a, instead of
fighting. It is a part of the United Nations.

Power Words
To say that someone has done
Accuse (v.) something morally wrong, illegal or
unkind
A statement made without giving proof
Allegation
that someone has done something
Class XI+ (n.)
wrong or illegal
World Politics Baseless (n.) Not true and not based on facts
Retaliate (v.) Make a counterattack
outh Africa has taken Israel to the International South Africa says that Israel did things that are against
S Court of Justice, accusing the country of going
against certain rules.
these rules. They have also provided lots of evidence. They are
accusing Israel of trying to harm innocent Palestinian citizens on
Treaty (n.) A formal agreement between countries

purpose, like bombing, hurting them, taking away their homes

How did this start? and making it hard for them to get food and medical help.
Worksheet : PL078
The war between Israel and Hamas (Palestinian militant Find six words related to the news.
group) began on Oct. 7, 2023, when Hamas made a South Africa’s Demand
N H W S Z G D V F A N B
surprise attack on Israel. Hamas fired thousands of rockets South Africa is asking the International Court of Justice to
towards Israel, causing civilian deaths in Israel. Israel order Israel to stop these actions right away and protect the Y M J H K E R Y L O W N
retaliated and started a war on Hamas. The war continues Palestinians. They are also asking the International Court of E Y S N S S E L E S A B
to date, causing several deaths on both sides. Justice to order Israel to stop war in the Gaza Strip. R T W J Z H E J E G C A
What does South Africa say? Israel’s Defence D A A M J G S D C U C K
South Africa accuses Israel of committing genocide Israel denies the allegations, calling the case “baseless”. Z E P I A Z I U L K U H
against the Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip. Genocide They say they are only trying to protect themselves from W R T T L C G A J H S W
means trying to kill a whole group of people because they attacks by Hamas.
D T I Y O A B Q I G E Q
follow different religions, look different, follow a different
culture or come from a different country. In 1948, many What’s next? N O L N Z T T V X G B I
countries of the world signed a treaty called the Genocide The International Court of Justice is still listening to both N P E P U G A E V B I P
Convention. This treaty bars countries from committing the sides. It will then decide if there is enough evidence to O G N I C I Z S R R Z V
crime of genocide. The country that does not follow the continue with the case. It could take some time to make the
rule will be punished by the International Court of Justice. final decision. A B Z J X U Y E R U L O
Motivators StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 09
Nina Singh takes charge
as CISF’s first woman chief

Karpoori Thakur: ‘Jan F

or the first time ever, a
woman has been appointed
She joined the police force in
1989 and was sent to the Rajasthan

Nayak’ honoured with the director general of the

Central Industrial Security Force
(CISF). She is Indian Police Service
cadre. She became the first female
IPS officer in Rajasthan. She
solved big criminal cases while

the Bharat Ratna

(IPS) Officer Nina Singh. That’s right! working at the Central Bureau of
She is now the boss of all the brave Investigation (CBI).
CISF officers guarding airports, Her career is a story of success,
arpoori Thakur was a great socialist poor people from upper caste families. This government buildings and other filled with achievements and honours.
K leader from Bihar who is still
remembered in the history of the state.
gave poor people a chance to improve their lives
and break the cycle of poverty.
important places across India.
Nina Singh is from Patna, Bihar.
Her dedication to and expertise in
policing earned her awards like the
Recently, on Republic Day, he was posthumously Thakur banned all alcohol in Bihar. He set up She was born on July 11, 1964. She President’s Police Medal for
awarded the Bharat Ratna (India’s highest many schools and colleges in Bihar’s less studied at the Patna Women’s Meritorious Service and the Indira
civilian honour). President Smt. Draupadi Murmu developed areas, with help from the public. He College and obtained her master’s Gandhi Priyadarshini Award. Her
granted this prestigious award on Mr. Thakur to was famous for living simply and being degrees from Jawaharlal Nehru leadership skills caught the eye of
celebrate his contributions to our country. University (JNU) and Harvard everyone. Therefore, she became the
Mr. Thakur was born on Jan. 24, 1924, in University. additional director general (ADG) of
Pitaunjhia village (now Karpuri Gram) in the CISF in 2021. Now, as the head of
Samastipur District of Bihar. He was the first the CISF, Singh is responsible for
person from his community to pass the ensuring the safety of all the
matriculation examination. His journey into important places in our country. The
politics started after he was inspired by Mahatma government’s decision to appoint her
Gandhi. He even spent time in jail fighting for shows their commitment to giving
India’s freedom. After that, he became a teacher women important roles in policing.
before finally joining politics. He became a Ninaji’s appointment isn’t just a
member of the Bihar Vidhan Sabha in 1952. personal victory; it’s a win for all
Later on, Mr. Thakur became the chief minister women. It shows that gender is no
of Bihar two times, from 1970 to 1971 and then barrier to achieving greatness. It
from 1977 to 1979. honest and upright. He strongly opposed sends a powerful message to young
As the chief minister, Mr. Thakur worked hard politics based on family ties and didn’t let his girls everywhere — dream big, work
to provide more opportunities in education and son join his political party while he was alive. hard and you can achieve anything
jobs. He tried to create a better life for everyone Shri Karpoori Thakur’s efforts made a big you set your mind to.
in Bihar. He had a special love for those who difference for many people in Bihar, and they
didn’t have much — i.e. the poor — and for loved him for it. They called him ‘Jan Nayak’ (the
Background Information
those who were treated unfairly people’s hero) because he truly stood up for
them. Sadly, he passed away many years ago (in Cadre
1988), but his kindness and work are still The term ‘cadre’ refers to a group of officers trained for a specific
remembered. Awarding him the Bharat Ratna is purpose or profession. In the Indian Police Service (IPS), officers are
like giving him a big gold medal and saying selected through an all-India examination conducted by the Union
‘Thank you’ for being such a wonderful leader. It Public Service Commission (UPSC). After selection, they are assigned to
shows that even though he’s gone, his fight for various states. In this context, a ‘cadre’ refers to the state or group of
justice and equality continues to inspire us all. states to which an IPS officer is assigned.

Background Information
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
It is India’s premier investigative agency, responsible
Bharat Ratna for investigating high-profile cases and maintaining
because of their backgrounds — i.e. those in It is India’s highest civilian award, the rule of law.
the backward classes and women. He noticed established in 1954. It recognises exceptional
that these groups of people were not getting service towards the advancement of Art,
Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
government jobs, despite all efforts. So, he Literature, Science and Public Service. The The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is a special
introduced a special benefit called ‘reservation’ award is a peepal-leaf-shaped medal with police force in India that provides security to major
for these people. He made the following rules ‘Bharat Ratna’ inscribed in Devanagari government buildings, industrial sites and important
for government jobs in his state: 12% of the jobs script. So far, it has been awarded to 50 infrastructure like airports and metro systems to keep
for Other Backward Class people, 8% for Most people, including two foreigners, Nelson them safe from harm or threats.
Backward Class, 3% for women, and 3% for Mandela and Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

Worksheet : MT084
Power Words
Socialist (adj.) Related to leaders who believe that everyone in a community should own In India, each state has its own police force. However, the central
and share things like factories and land together instead of rich people government also operates special police organisations for various specific
owning them alone. purposes. These are collectively known as the Central Armed Police
Forces (CAPF). Match the following police organisations with their
Posthumously (adv.) Happening after a person’s death. respective purposes.
Central Industrial To stop terrorist attacks, protect important
Worksheet : MT083 Security Force (CISF) people, defuse bombs, and rescue hostages

Who is your favourite Indian freedom fighter, and why? Central Reserve To guard borders between India and Nepal
Police Force (CRPF) and India and Bhutan
National Security Ensure the safety of Industrial
Guard (NSG) establishments
Sashastra Seema To guard the borders between india
Bal (SSB) and tibet
Indo-Tibetan Border Help state police force to control riots and
Police (ITBP) maintain law and order
Environment StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 10
Are tree plantations

Class VIII+
an effective solution

Climate Change
for tree loss?

Class VII+
Valley to Mountaintop: How

Biodiversity
Birds Choose Their Homes in
Changing Mountain Climates
any people cut down trees relatives. In the same way, birds and new study in the Eastern Himalayas
M to create urban spaces. They
claim this does not harm the
animals also prefer to live in trees
where they can find everything they
A has found some interesting changes in
the bird world. These changes are due
Here’s what they found:
Different Birds in Different Forests: In
environment because they plan to to cutting down trees in forests (known as forests where trees were cut down, there were
plant more trees in return. However, a logging) and climate change. For over ten more small birds from lower places. But in
study from the University of Surrey, years, scientists have been watching and forests where trees were still thick and
UK, shows that plantations cannot recording different kinds of birds in these forests untouched, there were bigger birds who liked it
replace natural forests. New to see how they are affected by these changes. cooler. Logged forests have higher average
plantations can attract various animal Scientists at the Indian Institute of Science in temperatures than untouched forests.
and bird species, but original habitats Bengaluru conducted this study in Arunachal Big Birds and Small Birds: The birds living in
are better. Pradesh. They used special nets to catch birds the untouched forests were usually bigger than
There are currently nearly 223 gently so they could put rings on them the birds in the forests where trees were
million hectares of tree plantations in need. Older plantations or natural for tracking. This helped them see cut down. It looks like big birds prefer
the world. Scientists have studied habitats have a larger variety of plants how the bird groups were changing living where the forest is still wild
how old these plantations are and how and animals. These areas offer a in two types of forests. One and natural.
many birds and animals live there. better ecosystem and provide air, type had trees which were still Birds Moving Up the
The scientists found that there are food, water, shelter and all other thick and wild (primary Mountains: Birds in the untouched
things needed for survival. This is forests), and the other had forests lived higher up the
why birds and animals find these many trees which had been cut mountains. Because the climate is
places fit to live happily. down (logged forests). Scientists getting warmer, all the birds are
The big lesson from this study is Mountains are really special putting a tracker slowly moving up higher.
that while older tree farms can be places where lots of different plants This study is really important
good for nature, they are still not as and animals live. This is because because it shows us how cutting down
good as wild places where trees and mountains provide a variety of climates, from trees and changing the climate can change
plants grow naturally. Scientists say their bottoms to their tops. The temperature is where different birds live. If your favourite
that we should try to keep natural warm at the bottom of the mountains. As we playground changed a lot, you might go play
not as many types of animals, birds areas safe and not turn them into tree move up, the temperature slowly gets colder. It somewhere else.
and plants in new tree plantations as farms if we want to help more animals can reach freezing levels at the top. Birds that The scientists say we should try to keep big
in old tree plantations or forests. prefer warmer areas tend to live near the areas of forests safe and untouched so all the
However, more types of animals and bottom. Birds that like cooler areas live higher different kinds of birds have a place they like to
plants start living there as the up. Thus, each kind of bird has its favourite spot live. This is important because forests and birds
plantation gets older. in these mountains. Scientists wanted to see if are a big part of our world. We need to take care
The scientists closely looked at cutting trees in forests and climate change are of them. This study helps us understand what
farms where they grow oil palm trees changing their favourite places to live. birds need so we can help protect them better.
to check this. They found that even
30-year-old farms do not have as
many different animals, birds and
plants as natural areas. and plants survive. This study helps
We prefer to live in cities where we us understand the need to take care
can easily reach hospitals, schools, of wild places for the sake of all the
markets and even our friends and beings that live there.

Power Words
All the living (plants, animals) and non-living (land, water)
Ecosystem (n.)
things of a particular area and relationships among them
The natural home or environment of an animal, plant or
Habitat (n.) Power Words
other organism
Plantation (n.) A large group of plants and trees under cultivation The way the Earth gets hotter due to greenhouse gases. It leads to
Climate change (n.)
Survival (n.) Staying alive despite difficulties changes in rains, winds, seasons and other weather-related events.
Tracking (n.) Carefully watching something to know where it goes or what it does
Unscramble the names of five natural habitats to find
the magic phrase.
Worksheet : EE081
Worksheet : EE080

How can small birds survive in logged forests while big birds find it difficult to do so?
STREAM StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 11
What’s next?
Hemesh is working on enhancing his
device further by including machine-learning
technology to predict patient movement
patterns. Hemesh hopes to study robotics
at a university abroad and aspires to create
more products that can help people not only
in India but worldwide.

Power Words
An original or first model
Prototype of something from which
(n.) other forms are copied or
developed

Indian Teen Develops Wearable Device

Wander off To leave a place where
(phrasal verb) one is supposed to stay

to Keep Alzheimer’s Patients Safe Worksheet : IN072

Solve the puzzle using the green
emesh Chadalavada is a brilliant existing devices, as it uses a long-range the Samsung Solve for Tomorrow Contest highlighted words.
H 17-year-old boy from Guntur, Andhra
Pradesh. He has invented a device
wireless technology called LoRa. This allows
it to detect a person more than 1.6 kilometres
and received funding of $40,000. This
helped him improve the device further. In
called Alpha Monitor for the safety of people away in cities and 5 kilometres in the 2023, he was also awarded The Times of
with Alzheimer’s disease. countryside. Most similar devices rely on India’s Unstoppable21 award. There are
Alzheimer’s disease is like a fog in Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, limiting their range. several other awards on the list as well.
someone’s memory, making it hard for
patients to remember things and perform How did Hemesh make the
everyday tasks. It can be scary for the Alpha Monitor?
families who love and care for the patients, Hemesh learnt to create the Alpha Monitor
as they may wander off or fall and hurt by watching YouTube videos on robotics and
themselves. Hemesh’s grandmother electronics. He spent time at an
had Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s day centre to
would often wander off. He saw understand the specific needs
how worried his family was of individuals with the
about her safety. So, he condition. He developed 20
wanted to do something to prototypes before coming up Background Information
help. Therefore, he created the with this product. This device
Alpha Monitor to assist people not only monitors movement
LoRa ACROSS
5. The process of teaching computers to
like her. The Alpha Monitor is a but also measures pulse LoRa (short for Long Range) is a wireless learn and make decisions from data
lightweight device that can be (heartbeat) and temperature. technology similar to Wi-Fi and 6. The science of making and using robots
worn as an armband. It is designed to Using this data, reminds patients to Bluetooth. However, it differs in that it
detect when people with Alzheimer’s fall or take their medication. uses very low power and sends data DOWN
1. A wireless technology that allows a mouse
wander off and set off an alarm, alerting more slowly to conserve energy. LoRa or headphone to connect to the laptop
caregivers if such incidents occur. Hemesh’s Achievements can transmit data over much longer 2. An area that is away from towns and cities
At the age of 14, Hemesh received the Bal distances compared to Wi-Fi and 3. A wireless technology that allows laptops
What makes the Alpha Puraskar Award for developing the Alpha Bluetooth, making it particularly useful and mobiles to connect to the internet
Monitor special? Monitor. This award is India’s highest civilian for small, low-power devices that need 4. Someone who takes care of a person who
The Alpha Monitor is far better than honour for students. In 2022, Hemesh won to send data over several kilometres. is young, old, ill, or disabled

Government Launches “Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar”

to Honour Excellence in Science and Innovation
working in different sectors like government, private
companies, or even those working alone outside of any
organisation. The awardee can even be an innovator of Indian
origin, living abroad. Unfortunately, the awards will not be
given to someone who has passed away unless they did
something truly exceptional.
Last Date for Submission of Entries
and Announcement of Winners:
The last date to fill out the form is February 28, which is
also National Science Day. The winners will be announced on
May 11 (National Technology Day). The awards will be
distributed to the winners on August 23 (National Space Day).

Worksheet : IN073
If you were a member of a Vigyan Team, what kind of
2. Vigyan Shri: This award is for scientists who have done innovative project would your team undertake to be
outstanding work in their field, such as finding a new cure worthy of the prestigious Vigyan Team Award?
for a disease or developing a superfast solar panel. Describe.
3. Vigyan Yuva: This award is for young scientists like you
who are already making amazing discoveries. If you’ve
ecently, the Government of India announced a new built a robot that cleans your room or invented a new way
R award in the field of science, technology and
innovation. This is one of India’s highest honours
to grow vegetables in space, this award is for you. Up to
25 young scientists will be recognised and encouraged
and is called the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar, which means with this award.
National Science Award. 4. Vigyan Team: This award is for teams of three or more
There are four categories in this award, covering 13 scientists, researchers or innovators who worked together
different areas like physics, chemistry, medicine and more. to achieve something truly remarkable.
Here’s a brief description of each category:
1. Vigyan Ratna: This is the highest honour, like the gold Who is eligible for these awards?
medal in the science Olympics. It is for people who have Well, anyone who loves science and has invented
made a lifetime of incredible contributions to science and something great in the field of science is eligible for this
changed the way we understand the world. award. It could be scientists, technologists or innovators
LIFESTYLE StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 12
Online Searches Can
Increase the Chances of
Believing Misinformation

Have Dinner Early, Live Longer:

Researchers Find Connection
hen it comes to dinnertime,
W most of us wait until 9 p.m.

Popular Search Engines

Okay, to be honest,
sometimes it can even be at 11:00
p.m. But did you know that an earlier
dinnertime could be linked to a longer
life? According to a recent study,
having dinner at 7 p.m. can help you
live a longer, healthier life.
What did the
researchers find?
The researchers studied people in the body. However, as these people
aged 90 to 99 years old (called followed this unique eating habit, their
“nonagenarians”) and people aged bodies had a good rest between owadays, we all use Google to search the user usually searches for it.
100+ years old (called “centenarians”)
from the L’Aquila province of Italy.
dinner and lunch the next day.
These people also mostly ate
N for everything—from recipes,
breaking news, educational
For example, if a user types the headline of
false news to verify it, he will get links to more
This area of Italy is known for long- healthy food items like cereals, information, Bollywood gossip, or national false news in his top 10 searches. However, if
living people. The researchers studied vegetables, fruits, and beans. They news. We put so much trust in Google that he uses the right keywords, he will get better
the effects of eating habits on lifespan, ate less meat, processed food, eggs, whenever we hear or see a doubtful news
so they looked into the diet and or sweets. Their habit of eating plant- article somewhere, the first thing we do is
lifestyle of a group of 68 nonagenarians based foods is linked to being verify it on Google. And if we could find 1-2
and centenarians. healthier and living longer. sources, we believe it is true.
The researchers noticed that most According to the study, taking a However, a new study by a team of
of these people followed a dietary break from eating for some amount of researchers shows that the opposite happens.
habit called “sdijuno.” People ate a time each day is important. This break Searching online to find the truthfulness of
moderate dinner at around 7 p.m. can reduce the stress that your body false news articles increases the chances of
They had a very light breakfast at 6 goes through during the night after believing misinformation.
a.m. and then a good lunch at 12 p.m. having dinner. It can help the body results. Similarly, if a user often reads
The researchers noted that the time rest during the night and improve What is misinformation? international newspapers via Google, Google
gap between dinner and the next metabolism. Misinformation is false or inaccurate will offer information from those high-quality
day’s lunch was almost 17.5 hours. It was also found that exercising information that many groups and people sources. Conversely, if the user often visits
When we eat something, the body and eating plant-based foods are other spread. Some examples of misinformation are lesser-known websites or blogs, Google will
works to digest it. This causes stress reasons for a long and healthy life. rumours, gossip, insults, or pranks that get provide information from those low-quality
spread unintentionally that people start sources first.
believing as truth.
Nowadays, we can see that there are many Value of Time
videos and posts that are shared over social The study also found that time also plays an
media as the “truth.” But it is our responsibility important role when it comes to believing
to find out if the information is correct or not. misinformation. Many online users believe
How can you do that? By searching about it misinformation, even if the news is months
online, right? Well, according to a new study, old. The Google search engine does not verify
searching online may actually increase the old links and shares whatever it can find based
chances of believing highly popular on the user’s search query.
misinformation. It is important to understand these issues,
The main reason behind this is that many as they can erroneously influence our beliefs
Power Words times, search engines like Google share lower- and understanding of news. The next time you
quality information with their users. This is search to verify something, avoid simply copy-
The chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change
Metabolism (n.) mostly untrue. The quality of the information pasting the headline. Instead, use quality
food into energy.
shared by Google depends on what and how keywords for more accurate results.
Moderate (adj.) Not too much and not too little
Processed (adj.) To be prepared with chemicals Worksheet : LS083
Find the names of five search engines
from the puzzle below.
Worksheet : LS082
Q Y A N B O D O E Z D
What do you think is the most important meal of the day and why? Give U X A A F G L L M R U
one reason to support your answer.
K W I H B H G Z D P C
D D T Y O O B I N G K
Power Words
U S A Q O O E A P N D
Having a duty to deal with
Responsibility O F H G L H I C S L U
something or having
(n.) B B Y K F J H K J J C
control over someone.
Unintentionally Something that happens A Y Y Q I J E L R X K
(adv.) not on purpose. V S W N E R O L S M G
To confirm whether R E V A N D R J F Y O
Verify (v.) something is true or B W D O I B V H U L F
accurate.
SPORTS StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 13
Celebrating Champions: The
National Sports Awards 2023
won a gold medal in a team event in
equestrian dressage at the 2022 Asian
Games held in Hangzhou, China. Now, she
has made history by becoming the first
Indian woman to receive the Arjuna Award in
equestrian. And who can forget Mohammed
Shami’s performance in the ODI World Cup
2023? His swing bowling helped India shine The National Sports Awards also honours
in the tournament and he became the leading the work of institutions. Amritsar’s Guru
wicket-taker. Nanak Dev University was awarded the
From wrestlers and boxers to hockey Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy 2023 for
players and kabaddi stars, heroes in all kinds its dedication to promoting sports among
of sports were honoured. Each one had their students.
own unique story of struggle, victory and the
unwavering spirit that defines a true Power Words
champion. Dressage A form of horse riding done in
The National Sports Awards aren’t just for (n.) exhibitions and competitions
very year, India honours its sports India’s most inspiring athletes, coaches and athletes. Coaches who play a crucial role in
E
Equestrian
heroes with the prestigious National institutions. The award ceremony took place shaping champions are also recognised. The A person who rides horses
(n.)
Sports Awards. On Jan. 9, 2024, at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, which is the Dronacharya Award honours coaches who
To increase quickly in amount,
President Smt. Droupadi Murmu presented President’s residence in New Delhi. have consistently produced top performers. Soar (v.)
number, value or level
the National Sports Awards 2023 to some of This year, eight coaches, including Shri. Lalit
The Winners and the Awards Kumar (wrestling) and Shri. RB Ramesh
The highest honour, the Major Dhyan (chess), were awarded for their dedication Worksheet : SP074
Chand Khel Ratna Award, was given to two and expertise.
shining stars: Chirag Shetty and Satwiksairaj Unscramble the words to find the
Rankireddy. This badminton duo soared to magic word.
the top of the world rankings, winning many
international titles and making India proud on
the global stage.
Next came the Arjuna Award, given to 26
Divyakriti Singh athletes who excelled in various sports. The
winners included cricketer Mohammed
Shami, para-archer Sheetal Devi,
Grandmaster R Vaishali and equestrian
Divyakriti Singh. These athletes received the
Arjuna Award for their remarkable skills and
achievements. For example, 17-year-old
Sheetal won two gold medals in archery at
the Asian Para Games despite not having
arms. She holds a bow and arrow with her
Mohammed Shami (left) and Sheetal Devi (right) feet and hits the bullseye. Jaipur’s Divyakriti Shri. RB Ramesh

Rohan Bopanna becomes oldest player physically disabled kids, the GoSports Foundation and
supports a dental institute offering affordable care and free
health camps.
to win a Grand Slam doubles title Background Information
Australian Open and Grand Slam
The Australian Open is a tennis tournament that is
held every year in Melbourne Park, a place to play
sports in Melbourne, Australia. The events in the
tournament are divided into different categories: singles
played one on one, doubles played by two players on
each side, mixed doubles by one man and one woman
player on each side, separate games for players in
wheelchairs and junior championships.
The Australian tournament is the first of the four
Grand Slam tennis events held each year. The other
three are the French Open, Wimbledon (London) and
ndia’s star tennis player Rohan Bopanna has created Rosewall, who had won a Grand Slam at 37. the U.S. Open. Any player who wins the four tournaments
I history after winning the Australian Open 2024. At
43, he has become the oldest person in the
But Rohan’s story isn’t just about winning. It’s about the
journey, the struggles and the never-give-up attitude.
consecutively in a single year wins the Grand Slam.
Sometimes, when someone wins just one of these big
world to win a Grand Slam doubles title and reach At 43, most athletes think about retirement. Yet, tournaments, people still call it a Grand Slam win, but
the World No. 1 ranking in men’s doubles tennis. Rohan was out on the court. He dominated the winning all four in one year is the real Grand Slam.
Bopanna and his Australian partner Matthew game and proved that age is just a number
Ebden beat the Italian players Simone Bolelli when you are passionate and dedicated. He
and Andrea Vavassori in the finals. He had faced injuries, setbacks and moments of
already won a Grand Slam title in 2017 at the doubt, just like all of us. But what makes him Worksheet : SP073
French Open in mixed doubles. Back then, his a champion is his ability to learn from his
partner was Gabriela Dabrowski from Canada. mistakes and come back stronger every time. Write a creative congratulatory message for Mr.
By winning the Australian Open, he beat the Rohan Bopanna has won many awards, Rohan Bopanna on winning the Grand Slam
record set by Australian tennis champion Ken including the Arjuna Award. This is the second- doubles title.
highest sporting honour in India. He is also famous for
doing charity work. He raises funds for a school for

Power Words
Consecutively (adv.) One after another
An area marked out for games such
Court (n.) as tennis or badminton; the area can
be open or covered
A difficulty or problem that stops
Setback (n.) you from progressing as fast as you
would like
States News StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 14
Uttar Pradesh: First Punjab: First Indian
all-girls Sainik School Uttarakhand: The government state to mark all
opens in Vrindavan bans outsiders from buying land black spots
The Uttarakhand government has temporarily
banned people from other states from
purchasing land for farming (agriculture) or
cultivating fruits and vegetables (horticulture).
Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami made
this decision to examine land laws. The
government wants to ensure locals get priority
over resources like water, forests and land.
India’s first all-girls Sainik School just opened Some people think this ban is good because it
in Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh. Its name is protects Uttarakhand’s culture and way of life.
Samvid Gurukulam Girls’ Sainik School. Girls They were worried that outsiders buying up land might make it harder for locals to
can enrol in nursery classes, as well as Classes afford farms. Others think it’s unfair because everyone should have the chance to buy
1, 6, 9 and 11. Sainik Schools are a chain of land. However, this ban isn’t permanent. A special committee is studying how land
schools established to prepare students laws should work in Uttarakhand, and they’ll decide whether this ban stays or not.
academically, physically and mentally for Capital: Dehradun Chief Minister: Sh. Pushkar Singh Dhami
entry into the National Defence Academy
(NDA) and Indian Naval Academy (INA).
These schools are under the control of the
Ministry of Defence. Initially, only boys could
study in Sainik Schools, but in 2019, the Punjab has become the first state to mark all
government decided to admit girls too. And 784 of its black spots, using a navigation
now, all-girls Sainik Schools are also being app called Mappls. Black spots are points on
set up. Since this school is part of the project roads where accidents often occur (i.e.
to establish 100 new Sainik Schools in India, accident-prone locations). Mappls was
more such schools will be established in the developed by an Indian technology company
future. These Sainik Schools, the Rashtriya called MapMyIndia. The app will help drivers
Indian Military College (RIMC) and the five by giving them warnings (voice alerts) in
Rashtriya Military Schools (RMS) together Punjabi whenever they are approaching a
provide about 25% to 30% of the cadets black spot. For example, it will say ‘Blackspot
who become officers at the NDA and INA. 100 metre di doori te hai’ (Black spot is 100
Capital: Lucknow Chief Minister: Sh. Yogi Adityanath metres ahead). This way, drivers can slow
down and be extra careful. The app also
Gujarat: India’s first provides real-time traffic updates. It is part
of Chief Minister Bhagwant Singh Mann’s
submarine tourism ‘Sadak Suraksha Force’ project.
ride is coming Capital: Chief Minister: Sh.
Chandigarh Bhagwant Singh Mann

West Bengal: Five

products get GI tag

Gujarat is set to launch India’s first submarine

tourism. This will allow tourists to explore
underwater marine life near Bet Dwarka, a
small island associated with Lord Krishna.
This island is 25 km north of Dwarka, a city The Indian government has awarded a
with a super special story. Legend says it’s
the lost ancient city of Lord Krishna, hidden Karnataka: UNESCO honours Geographical Indication (GI) tag to five
exclusive products from West Bengal. These
beneath the water. The project is a
collaboration between the Gujarat Bengaluru’s airport products are the Sundarbans Honey
(Mouban), Korial Saree, Tangail Saree,
Government and Mazagon Dock Limited. It Bengaluru’s Kempegowda Garad Saree and Kalonunia Rice. Each
aims to boost employment, investment and International Airport has been product holds distinct qualities, telling stories
tourism in the region. crowned one of the ‘world’s most of Bengal’s heritage. The GI tag ensures
Capital: Chief Minister: Sh. beautiful airports’ and awarded these products’ protection and authenticity.
Gandhinagar Bhupendrabhai Patel
the ‘World Special Prize for an It highlights their exceptional value. This will
Interior 2023’ by UNESCO’s help Bengali people by creating more
Kerala: Teen makes prestigious Prix Versailles opportunities for local businesses.
musical history in Dubai architectural competitions. Prime Capital: Kolkata Chief Minister: Ms. Mamata Banerjee
Minister Narendra Modi
congratulated the people of Tamil Nadu: Khelo India
Bengaluru for this achievement.
Additionally, the airport was also
Youth Games Concludes
recognised as the world’s most
punctual airport, meaning that its flights leave on time. These recognitions show that
India is getting really good at making airports that both look good and operate well.
Capital: Bengaluru Chief Minister: Sh. Siddaramaiah

Suchetha Satish, a 16-year-old girl from Power Words

Kerala, set a Guinness World Record by
singing in 140 languages during an event in Authenticity (adj.) The quality of being genuine or true
Dubai on Nov. 24, 2023. The event was Cadet (n.) Young trainees in the armed services or police force
called ‘Concert for Climate’. It aimed to raise The sixth Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG
Geographical A sign used on products that are a speciality of a particular town,
awareness about climate change and took 2024) ended on January 31, 2024. Held in
Indication (GI) (n.) state or country
place during the COP 28 climate change Tamil Nadu, over 5,600 athletes competed
conference in Dubai. The 140 songs Suchetha in 26 sports. Maharashtra won the most
sang represent the 140 nations participating medals, making it their fourth win. Tamil
in the COP 28 conference. Suchetha broke
Worksheet : SN040 Nadu came in second, their best result yet.
the previous record of 76 languages set by Do you want to study in a Sainik School? If so, why? If not, why not? The games included new sports like squash
another Indian in 2008. Suchetha sang in 29 and showcased traditional ones like
Indian languages and 91 international Silambam. Swimmer Vritti Agarwal was a
languages, showcasing her talent and standout athlete, winning five golds. States
dedication. The event marked the 75th compete in the games, and the one with the
anniversary of India’s independence and the most gold medals wins. Maharashtra
50th anniversary of the formation of the UAE. continued their winning streak from the last
games, remaining the top team.
Capital: Thiruvananthapuram Chief Minister:
(Trivandrum) Sh. Pinarayi Vijayan Capital: Chennai Chief Minister: Sh. M. K. Stalin
World News StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 15
USA: ‘Oppenheimer’ Kyrgyzstan: Snow leopard Japan: A 7.6-magnitude
dominates the Golden becomes the national symbol earthquake hits Japan
Globes 2024, winning Kyrgyzstan has
officially declared
five awards the snow leopard as
the national
symbol. The Kyrgyz
people have
respected and
protected the snow
leopard for a long
time. They see it as
a symbol of strength, bravery and environmental health. On Jan. 1, a powerful earthquake shook the Noto Peninsula in
Kyrgyzstan hopes that by making the snow leopard its national Japan. Measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale, it was the strongest
symbol, more people will learn about this beautiful animal and earthquake in the country since 2016. The shaking caused great
help to protect it. Snow leopards are medium-sized cats. They are damage, especially in seaside towns like Wajima and Suzu.
The blockbuster film ‘Oppenheimer’ recently won found in the mountainous regions of Central and Southern Asia. In Homes crumbled, roads cracked and tsunamis crashed onto the
five awards at the 81st Golden Globe Awards, held India, they are found in Himalayan regions like Jammu and coast. Rescue teams rushed to help, searching for survivors and
in Beverly Hills, California. These five awards were Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and providing food and shelter. Fortunately, Japan designs earthquake-
Best Film (Drama), Best Director for Christopher Arunachal Pradesh. The snow leopard is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ on resistant buildings. This means it experiences lesser damage and
Nolan, Best Actor (Drama) for Cillian Murphy (who the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. fewer life losses from earthquakes compared to other countries.
played Oppenheimer), Best Supporting Actor for Capital: Bishkek Currency : Kyrgystani Som Capital: Tokyo Currency : Yen
Robert Downey Jr. (the actor from Iron Man) and
Best Original Score for Ludwig Göransson. The
movie tells the real-life story of J. Robert
Oppenheimer, who is known as the ‘father of the
atomic bomb’. It shows how he led the team that
built the bomb during World War II. The movie also Denmark

explores the power of science and the cost of war.

Capital: Washington, D.C. Currency : US Dollar

Switzerland: Computer
pioneer Niklaus
Wirth dies

Swiss computer scientist Professor Niklaus Wirth Denmark: Queen Margrethe II Bangladesh: Sheikh Hasina
has passed away at the age of 89. He is renowned steps down after 52 years sworn in as Bangladesh’s
for creating a computer programming language
called Pascal in the late 1960s. Additionally, he Queen Margrethe II of Denmark has prime minister for a fifth term
developed other languages such as ALGOL W, stepped down after ruling for 52 years. Bangladesh leader Sheikh Hasina
Euler, Modula and Oberon. A programming She has given the throne to her oldest has recently won another election.
language is a set of instructions that a computer son, Prince Frederik, who is the new With this victory, she will remain as
can understand. For his outstanding contributions, king of Denmark. Born in 1940, she the prime minister for the fifth time.
he was honoured with the Turing Award (considered became Denmark’s first female monarch She became the prime minister for
the Nobel Prize for computer science). Professor in 1972. People like her for her unique the first time in 2001 and for the
Wirth believed that software should be easy to style and the way she brought people second time in 2008. Since then,
understand and use, just like a well-written recipe. together. Her time as queen has left a she has been winning continuously.
Even though he is no longer alive, his work is still lasting impact on the country. In Her party, the Awami League, got
important today and has helped many people learn Denmark, the prime minister is elected most of the votes. While some
how to code. by the people, but the monarchy still people argue that the election wasn’t fair, others are pleased
Capital: Bern Currency : Swiss Franc exists. This is why it is a democratic country but not a republic. that Hasina can continue her efforts to improve Bangladesh.
Capital: Copenhagen Currency : Danish Krone Capital: Dhaka Currency : Bangladeshi Taka
Türkiye (Turkey): Rare
leopard barbel spotted
Power Words
UAE: The UAE joins NASA to
Monarch (n.) A king or queen.
Monarchy (n.) A country that is ruled by a king or queen.
build Gateway’s airlock
A country where both the president and prime
Republic (n.) minister are elected by the people; a country
without a king’s or queen’s rule.

Worksheet : WN041
Colour the snow leopard.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Scientists have rediscovered a rare leopard barbel is building a space station that will orbit the Moon. They have
fish in Turkey’s Tigris River. This fish hadn’t been named it Lunar Gateway. A space station is a man-made
seen since 2011, but local fishers helped scientists satellite in space where humans can live. Lunar Gateway will
find it. The leopard barbel fish is a freshwater fish be the first space station beyond the Earth’s orbit. Now,
with leopard-like spots all over its body. This fish NASA has partnered with the United Arab Emirates’
species is listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ on the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Center (MBRSC) for this
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This project. The MBRSC will build an important part called the
discovery is special because many freshwater fish ‘airlock’, a door between the Gateway’s living area and the
are in danger of disappearing. Pollution, dams and deathly vacuum of space. This airlock will allow astronauts to
overfishing make it hard for them to survive. safely go outside to do science experiments and even visit
Finding the leopard barbel shows that even rare the Moon’s surface. NASA is planning to launch the Lunar
fish can survive, giving hope for other species. Gateway project in November 2025.
Capital: Ankara Currency : Turkish lira Capital: Abu Dhabi Currency : United Arab Emirates Dirham
Computer StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 16
Graphene: The Future
of Electronics?

Professor Walter de Heer Arrangement of carbon atoms in Graphene

arbon is an amazing element. It can materials. Professor Walter de Heer and his

Artificial Intelligence C take many forms. Coal and diamond

are both types of carbon, yet they
team have been working on it since 2001.
Now, they have announced that they have

(AI) Cracks the

have very different qualities. Even the tip of successfully made a semiconductor out of
your pencil contains a form of carbon known graphene.
as graphite. Interestingly, the thinnest

Fingerprint Code material on Earth is also a form of carbon, How will this benefit
called graphene. Recently, scientists have the industry?
used graphene to create a semiconductor. In graphene, atoms are arranged in a flat,
ave you watched mystery They believe it could revolutionise the honeycomb-like pattern. This structure allows
H movies or TV series where
detectives compare
electronics industry in unexpected ways. electrons to move through it very efficiently.
Semiconductors made from graphene can
fingerprints to find the criminal? It What is a semiconductor?
works because every person has Semiconductors are materials that come in
unique fingerprints. But what about between metals (conductors) and non-
individual fingers? Do different fingers metals (insulators). They have a unique
have different patterns, or are they the quality. They can conduct electricity like
same? Traditionally, scientists believed metals when needed and block electricity like
that each finger has a unique pattern. insulators at other times. Some examples of
However, new research suggests that semiconductors are silicon and germanium.
this may not be the case.
A team led by an undergraduate Why do we need a
Graphene powder
student, Gabe Guo, from Columbia new semiconductor?
Engineering University, challenged this Have you ever noticed that even though move electrons about ten times faster when
belief using Artificial Intelligence smartphones or laptops aren’t getting bigger, compared to those made from silicon. The
(AI). Guo and his team developed an they keep getting more powerful? This is difference is like driving on a narrow road
AI-based computer program. They fingerprints focus on minutiae (tiny because of the thinning of computer chips. versus driving on an expressway. So, chips
used this AI program to analyse a large details) like branchings and endpoints in Since 1960, these chips have become made from graphene won’t just be fast; they’ll
set of 60,000 fingerprints. They found fingerprints. But AI focused on the approximately 2000 times thinner. As a result, also produce minimal heat.
that the AI could detect similarities angles and shapes in the middle of the scientists have been able to pack more Graphene-based electronics could be
between the fingerprints of the same fingerprints. This is different from what electronics into the same space, thereby superfast, super-thin and even super-
person, even if they came from fingerprint experts have been doing for providing increased power. However, this efficient. For example, phones that are made
different fingers. In fact, the AI reached a long time. trend of thinning is nearing its limit. So, from graphene can be super-thin, flexible
an accuracy of at least 77%. scientists are now exploring alternative and support ultra-fast processors that
What makes this materials that can work as semiconductors. produce minimal heat. Laptops made from
How did AI find discovery important? Graphene is a good conductor of electricity. graphene can run for days on a single charge.
the similarities? This AI discovery is important Yet, it is not a metal like copper or iron. So, Graphene can also be used to make super-
Traditional methods of analysing because it can help solve cold cases. scientists were hopeful of making it into a efficient solar panels that can capture almost
Sometimes, fingerprints at different semiconductor by mixing it with other all of the Sun’s energy.
crime scenes may seem confusing and
not match. But with the help of AI, Background Information
detectives could connect the dots and More About Graphene
find out if the same sneaky suspect Graphene is the thinnest material
(criminal) is hiding behind prints that known to man. It is as thin as one
seem different at first sight. carbon atom. It is over 1,000 times
thinner than a postage stamp! It is also
Future possibilities about 100 times stronger than steel.
This is just the beginning. In the Graphene is the building block of
future, AI could create “fingerprint graphite (used in pencil tips).
families,” that is, groups of prints that
might belong to the same person.
Robots can be used to quickly scan Power Words
dozens of fingerprints at a crime scene, Atoms (n.) The smallest particle of an element
A fingerprint analysed by angles thus speeding up investigations. A substance that allows heat or electricity to go through it. For example,
Conductor (n.)
metals like iron, copper, aluminium, etc.
Power Words
Efficient (adj.) Able to work well without making mistakes or wasting time and energy
Angle (n.) The direction from which you look at something A material or device used to prevent heat, electricity or sound from escaping.
Insulator (n.)
Artificial The technology of enabling computers to think and learn For example, non-metals like wood, plastic, rubber, glass, etc.
Intelligence (n.) like humans
Cold case (n.) A crime that is still unsolved; an old and pending case
A student at a college or university who has not yet Worksheet : CS080
Undergraduate (n.)
received a degree. Imagine you are interviewing Professor Walter de Heer regarding his recent
discovery. What questions would you pose to him?
Let’s become fingerprint experts. Obtain a thumbprint on paper
Worksheet : CS079

and count the following features:

Island: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………....
Pore: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....…………………….......
Dot: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….........
Delta: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………….....
Money Matters StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 17
Direct tax to GDP ratio
roads, rails, parks and other infrastructure,
improving healthcare and providing quality
education. This benefits everyone in the
country.

hits 15-year high in 2023

• Fairer tax system: Direct taxes are
considered fairer than indirect taxes because
they are based on your income or wealth,
not what you buy. So, people who earn
he government needs money to more pay more. This helps reduce income
T build roads, schools and
hospitals. This money comes
inequality.
• Stronger economy: A healthy tax system
from the taxes we pay. Recently, the helps keep the economy stable. This can
government announced that they collected encourage businesses to invest and create
a good amount of taxes in the financial more jobs and benefit everyone.
year 2022–2023. This has pushed the
direct tax to GDP ratio of India to its Power Words
highest point in 15 years. Existing or happening inside a
Domestic
particular country; not foreign or
But what is the direct (adj.)
international
tax to GDP ratio?
The operation of a country’s
In each country, people work to make Economy
supply of money, commercial
goods and provide services. For example, (n.)
activities and industry
farmers produce grains, engineers design
mobile phones, barbers provide grooming Period of 12 months (from April 1
and taxi drivers provide taxi services. The to March 31), used by
total value of the goods made and the Financial governments, businesses and
services provided by all the people in a year (n.) other organisations in order to
country is called gross domestic product calculate their budgets, profits
(GDP). If a country’s GDP is high, it will and losses.
prosper more. shopkeeper, and the shopkeeper then pays And if this continues, then the direct tax to Gross The total amount of something
The government charges taxes on all it to the government. This is called indirect GDP ratio will reach a high of 6.5% in the (adj.) before any amount is taken away
these goods and services. For example, a tax. financial year 2023–24 (FY24).
shopkeeper sells washing powder for Now, suppose a person earns `10 lakhs in
`200. Out of this, about `30 goes to the a year and has to pay `50,000 as income tax But why is this good news? Worksheet : MM081
government as tax, and the remaining to the government. In this case, the person • More money for development: With
`170 goes to the shopkeeper. But when themself pays the tax to the government. more tax income, the government can Unscramble the words to find the magic
we buy the washing powder, we do not This is called direct tax. spend more money on building better words.
pay `30 directly to the government. Similarly, businesses are required to pay
Instead, we pay the amount to the tax on their income. That is called corporate
tax. Income tax and corporate tax are two
major sources of direct taxes.
If a country’s total direct taxes are divided
by the country’s GDP, this is called the direct
tax to GDP ratio. A higher ratio means the
government is collecting more money directly
from people and businesses. In the financial
year 2022–23 (FY23), India’s direct tax to
GDP ratio reached 6.11%—the best ratio
achieved in 15 years. This means the
government collected a good amount of tax.

AI May Affect 40% of Jobs Worldwide: IMF

what are known as 21st-century skills: creativity, critical
thinking, collaboration and a growth mindset. We should aim
for highly skilled jobs. With AI, we will be more productive
and achieve more in less time.

Background Information
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
It is a major financial agency of the
United Nations. It gives loans to countries
for trade purposes and conducts research
on money matters to help countries
overcome economic challenges.
Social security
It is a government program that provides financial
assistance to individuals, especially the elderly,
unemployed or disabled. It ensures income support
and access to essential services.

AI as friend AI as foe
Worksheet : MM082
rtificial intelligence (AI) has become a hot those with lower incomes might struggle. This may
A topic recently. AI is the technology that lets
computers perform tasks that only humans
increase inequality in society and cause social tension. What do you aspire to become, and do you think
your job will be impacted by AI?
can do, such as writing impressive essays, creating Creativity So, what can be done?
beautiful paintings and coding computer programs. The IMF suggests that governments worldwide
However, experts are uncertain about its future impact. initiate special programs to retrain people. For instance,
Now, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) suggests a telemarketer could be retrained as a customer service
that AI may affect 40% of jobs worldwide. Some may Critical thinking specialist. Governments should also provide social
benefit from it, while others may not. Currently, more security to support individuals while they gain new
jobs in developed countries will be affected than in skills. Once AI is well integrated into society, the need
developing countries. for such support will likely decrease.
The IMF notes that highly skilled professionals like Collaboration
doctors, lawyers and judges might gain from AI, as it Do we need to worry?
could help them and boost their productivity. However, As students, we don’t need to be too concerned
roles like telemarketing might be negatively impacted. right now. We have the opportunity to learn anything.
Hence, high-earners might earn even more, while Growth mindset
We can focus on our studies in school and develop
Open Page StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 18
"You wrote it.
We liked it!"

Adeeba.A Ritisha Sharma Prayaan Patel NIVRITI SHARMA

Class : V, Green Valley English School, Class : VI, The Wisdom Class : III, Ryan International School, Class : VI, KV BSF Camp, Chhawala, New Delhi
Bangalore, Karnataka Global School, Haridwar, Uttarakhand Dumas, Surat, Gujarat

Seerat Kaur
Class : VI, New Era Public School, Dwarka, New Delhi

Pravar Mishita Mohanty

Class : VI, Scholars Global School, Haryana Class : VI, Narayana eTechno School, Bengaluru, Karnataka

Advait Ravindra Mangaonkar

Class : VIII, Advaith International Academy, Hosur, Tamil Nadu

Advait Singh
Class : VIII, Little Scholars, Kashipur, Uttarakhand

Anushka Singh
Class : VI, Podar International School, Bengaluru, Karnataka Ananya. S. Mallya
Class : VIII, S.t Thomas High School, Bengaluru, Karnataka

SDG Goals
Peace! Hunger! Justice! All are forms of the SDG.
If they do not remain, the world will not be at ease.
When you see smog in the morning, and it’s so hazy,
We need to make life on land sustainable, not just easy.
Set a goal,... and everything seems breezy.
Come on now, start working, and don’t be so lazy!
In the water, fishes are dying,
For education, kids are crying,
Food is a necessity, but people are dying from Anaya Raghav
starvation and poverty. Class : VII, KV Gole Market, New Delhi
Time is short,
But don’t worry, don’t succumb to stress.
Take a little rest, stay calm, help the world achieve its goals,
and free it from tension and distress.
If you exercise, your body will be fine,
If the trees will remain, A happy life everyone will gain.
If girls and boys together live with joy, and if
no inequality remains,
Then everything will be perfect once again.

Tanishka Johar
Moksha Priya Class: VIII VENKATA KARTHIKEYA SEETHA
Class: VII, Advaith International Academy, Mount Abu Public School, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi Class : V, Meru International School, Hyderabad, Telangana
Hosur, Tamil Nadu
Test Your Knowledge StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 19
1. Which of the following award(s) are part of the 12. Why do older plantations or natural habitats 21. Which country has recently developed the world’s
National Sports Award? provide a better ecosystem for birds and animals? first nuclear battery that can last for 50 years?
(a) Arjuna Award (a) Older plantations offer more aesthetic appeal to (a) China (b) Canada
(b) Dronacharya award birds and animals. (c) USA (d) Japan
(c) Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad trophy (b) Natural habitats have a larger variety of plants
(d) All of the above and animals. 22. Why is ‘Smart Agriculture’ important?
(c) Older plantations provide better access to (a) It saves water.
2. Who has become the oldest person in the world human-made facilities. (b) It minimises fertiliser usage.
to win a Grand Slam doubles title? (d) None of the above (c) It prevents crop wastage.
(a) Leander Paes (b) Somedv Devvarman (d) All of the above.
(c) Rohan Bopanna (d) Divij Sharan 13. Which of the following statement(s) is/are NOT
true? 23. Which of the following can be used for powering
3. Prabha Atre was known for her contributions to: (a) The temperature at the bottom of the mountains devices?
(a) Carnatic Music is colder compared to the top. (a) Battery (b) Fuel Cell
(b) Hindustani Classical Music (b) Logged forests have higher average (c) Microbial Fuel Cell (d) All of the above
(c) Both (a) and (b) temperatures than untouched forests.
(d) Neither (a) nor (b) (c) Cutting down trees and changing the climate can 24. Which of the following is/are NOT a direct tax?
change where different birds live. (a) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
4. Which of the following awards are announced on (d) All of the above (b) Income tax
the eve of the Republic Day in India? (c) Property tax
(a) Gallantry Awards 14. Which country has recently declared the snow (d) Capital gain tax
(b) Padma Awards leopard as the national symbol?
(c) Rashtriya Bal Puraskar (a) Switzerland (b) UAE 25. Which of the following is/are considered
(d) All of the above (c) Bangladesh (d) Kyrgyzstan 21st-century skills?
(a) Creativity
5. The newly built Ram mandir in Ayodhya is based 15. Consider the following statements regarding (b) Critical thinking
on which of the following Hindu temple architecture ‘Karpoori Thakur’: (c) Growth mindset
style(s)? (d) All of the above
(I) He was popularly known as ‘Jan Nayak’.
(a) Nagara style (b) Dravida style
(II) Recently, he was awarded Padma Shri
(c) Vesara style (d) Both (a) and (b) 26. Consider the following statements regarding
posthumously.
‘Sainik schools’ in India:
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
6. Which of the following situations can be called I. It is functioning under the control of the
(a) Only (I)
consumerism? Ministry of Education, Government of India.
(b) Only (II)
(a) When people buy things that they really need. II. The first Sainik school was established in
(b) When people buy things that they really do not (c) Both (I) and (II)
Uttar Pradesh.
need. (d) None of the above Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) When people buy things using cash money. (a) I
(d) None of the above. 16. Which police organisation is in charge of stopping (b) II
terrorist attacks, protecting important people, (c) Both I and II
7. What have researchers recently discovered about defusing bombs, and rescuing hostages? (d) Neither I nor II
fingerprints? (a) BSF (b) ITBP
(a) The fingerprints of two different persons are (c) CRPF (d) NSG 27. Consider the following statements:
different. I. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita is the
(b) The fingerprints of two different fingers of the 17. Choose the correct order of ages in the prehistoric new penal code that will replace the Indian
same person are different. period. Penal Code.
(c) The fingerprints of two different fingers of the (a) Stone age-Bronze age-Iron age II. The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was originally
same person have similarities. (b) Iron age-Bronze age-Stone age enacted during British rule in 1860.
(d) None of the above. (c) Bronze age-Iron age-Stone age Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(d) Stone age-Iron age-Bronze age (a) (I) only
8. Which of the following statement(s) is/are NOT true? (b) (II) only
(a) Semiconductors are materials that come in 18. Consider the following statements: (c) (I) and (II) only
between metals and nonmetals. I. Male mosquitoes do not have the same (d) Neither (I) nor (II)
(b) Graphene is a bad conductor of electricity. mouthparts as female mosquitoes.
(c) In graphene, atoms are arranged in a flat, II. Nectar and juices found in other parts of the 28. Recently, which among the following country(s)
honeycomb-like pattern. plants are the major sources of food for male has taken Israel to the International Court of
(d) Both (a) and (c) mosquitoes. Justice, accusing the country of genocide?
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? (a) South Africa
9. Why is taking a break from eating for some (a) Only (I) (b) United Kingdom
amount of time considered good? (b) Only (II) (c) Russia
(a) It can reduce the stress on your body to digest (c) Both (I) and (II) (d) USA
the food. (d) Neither (I) nor (II)
(b) It can improve metabolism. 29. Alzheimer’s disease is associated with which part
(c) It can help the body rest during the night 19. Which of the following is/are the goals of PRITHVI of the body?
(d) All of the above. Scheme recently launched by the Government of (a) Brain
India? (b) Hands
10. Who are ‘Centenarians’? (a) To study the weather (c) Legs
(a) People aged 100+ years old (b) To study the earthquakes (d) Stomach
(b) People aged between 90-99 (c) To study the oceans
(c) People aged 50-100 (d) All of the above 30. A republic is a country where:
(d) None of the above (a) The president is elected by the people.
20. Which is the first country to have a powerful X-ray (b) The prime minister is elected by the people.
11. Which of the following is NOT a search engine? polarimeter in space? (c) Both the president and prime minister are
(a) Google (b) Facebook (a) USA (b) India elected by the people.
(c) Naver (d) Yandex (c) China (d) Japan (d) All ministers are elected by the people.

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Competitions and Scholarships StudentEdge • FEBRUARY 2024 www.studentedge.in 20
International Astronomy and
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ADVAIT SINGH
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• Organised by: IAAC, Germany The questions require knowledge of astronomy and Little Scholars, Kashipur,
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Class: VII
Delhi Public School,

OxBright Essay Essay Competition Vadodara

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subjects of their interest and write how that Advaith International
Academy, Hosur, Tamil Nadu
subject supports social impact and innovation. • Organised by: The Ayn Rand Institute, USA
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