ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT

SYSTEM FOR CAR.

A Report submitted to
Dr. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY, LONERE
in partial fulfillment for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
by

SR. NAME OF STUDENTS PRN NO.

NO.
1 YASH SUNIL GAIKWAD 2062691293027
2 AKANKSHA ANIL PATIL 1962691293051
3 TUSHAR AMOL PATIL 1962691293021
4 MAYURI MACHHINDRA PATIL 1962691293010

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

PROF. S. Y. GADGUNE

PADMABHOOSHAN VASANTRAODADA
PATILINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BUDHGAON
2022-23
 PADMABHOOSHAN VASANTRAODADA PATIL
INSTITUTEOF TECHNOLOGY, BUDHGAON
Department of electrical engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled

Accident detection and alert system for car
submitted by

SR. NAME OF STUDENTS PRN NO.

NO.
1 YASH SUNIL GAIKWAD 2062691293027
2 AKANKSHA ANIL PATIL 1962691293051
3 TUSHAR AMOL PATIL 1962691293021
4 MAYURI MACHHINDRA PATIL 1962691293010

to Dr. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE, in

partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of B. Tech in electrical engineering is a
bona fide record of project work carried out by him/her under my/our supervision. The
contents of this report, in full or in parts, have not been submitted to any other Institution
or University for the award of any degree.

Prof. S.Y.Gadgune Prof L.S. Patil Dr. D.V. Ghewade

Guide Head of Department Principal

 DECLARATION

We declare that this project report titled Accident Detection And Alert System for Car
submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of B.Tech in electrical engineering is a record
of original work carried out by us under the supervision of Prof.S.Y. Gadgune, and has not
formed the basis for the award of any other degree or diploma, in this or any other Institution
or University. In keeping with the ethical practice in reporting scientific information, due
acknowledgements have been made wherever the findings of others have been cited.

SR. NAME OF STUDENTS PRN NO.

NO.
1 YASH SUNIL GAIKWAD 2062691293027
2 AKANKSHA ANIL PATIL 2062691293051
3 TUSHAR AMOL PATIL 2062691293021
4 MAYURI MACHHINDRA PATIL 1962691293010

Budhgaon 416304

Date:15/06/2023
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We express my heartiest gratitude towards PVPIT, Budhgaon, which

provided me an opportunity in fulfilling my most cherished desire of reaching my
goal.

We express my deep sense of gratitude towards my guide Prof. S. Y.

Gadgune, for his invaluable help and guidance for completing this project. We are
highly indebted to his for constantly encouraging me by giving critics on our work.
We are grateful to his for having given me the support and confidence.

We would like this opportunity to thank to Prof. Dr. D. V. Ghewade,

Principal of PVPIT, Budhgaon for their valuable support.

We express gratitude towards Prof. L.S. Patil (H.O.D) for his valuable
support. We would like to thank to my friends and colleague for supporting me in
my work. We also express gratitude towards my family members for giving me
enormous support time to time throughout the completion of project work.

Sincerely,
Mr. Yash S. Gaikwad
Mr. Tushar A. Patil
Miss. Akanksha A. Patil
Miss. Mayuri M. Patil
 ABSTRACT

As the usage of vehicles is increasing drastically, the hazards due to vehicles is also increased.
The main cause for accidents is high speed, drink and drive, diverting minds, over stress and due
to electronic gadgets. This project deals with accident detection system that occurs due to
carelessness of the person who is driving the vehicle. This system aims to alert the nearby
medical centre about the accident to provide immediate medical aid. The attached accelerometer
in the vehicle senses the tilt of the vehicle and the heartbeat sensor on theuser’s body senses
the abnormality of the heartbeat to understand the seriousness of the accident. This introduces
accident alerting system which alerts the persons family member andnear by hospitals who is
driving the vehicle. Once the accident occurs to the vehicle this system will send information
to registered mobile number of persons closed ones.
 CONTENT

Certificate......................................................................................................... i

Declaration ....................................................................................................... ii

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................... iii

Abstract ............................................................................................................ iv

List of figures ................................................................................................... viii

List of table. ..................................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER 1

Introduction ............................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 2

Literature Review..................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER 3

Components .............................................................................................. 9

A. Electronics Part

3.1 Arduino Mega

3.2 MQ3 Gas Sensor

3.3 Pulse Sensor

3.4 Infrared Sensor

 3.5Accelerometer sensor

3.6LCD Display

3.7Relay

3.8 LED

B. Power part
3.9 Motor
3.10 Capacitor
3.11 IC 7805

CHAPTER 4……………………………………………………………..37

3.1 Block diagram

3.2 Circuit diagram

3.3 Flow Chart

CHAPTER 5

programming .................................................................................................. 46

CHAPTER 6

Hardware design ............................................................................................ 52

6.1 Hardware design

6.2 Results

CHAPTER 7

Conclusion and Future Scope ......................................................................... 58

CHAPTER 9

Reference ...................................................................................................... 60
CHAPTER 6

Hardware design ............................................................................................ 52

6.1 Hardware design

6.2 Results

CHAPTER 7

Conclusion and Future Scope ......................................................................... 58

CHAPTER 9

Reference ...................................................................................................... 60
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sr No Fig No Name Peg

No.

1 4.1 GSMSIM800L 17

2 4.2 Arduino Mega 18

3 4.3 NEO6M GPS Module 19

4 4.4 ADXL335 Acceloermeter 20

5 4.5 LM317T Variable voltage regulator 21

6 4.6 7805IC Rating 22

7 4.7 16x2LCD 23

8 4.8 Pulse sensor 24

9 4.9 MQ3 Gas sensor 26

10 4.10 Relay 27

11 4.11 DC Gear Motor 28

ABBREVIATIONS/ NOTATIONS/
NOMENCLATURE
List of abbreviations:

● IR: Infra-Red
● A: Ampere Volt
● mA: V Milli Ampere
● MHz: Mega Hertz
● kB: Kilo Bytes
● LED: Light Emit ng Diode
● IC: Integrated Circuit
● LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
● K: Kilo
● PWM: Pulse Width Modula on
● GND: Ground Dc: Direct Current
● RS: Register Select
● GPS : Global Positioning system
● GSM: Global System for mobile communication
ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Most of the accidents occur due to human negligence, such as reckless driving, lack of good
infrastructure, etc. An immediate rescue process after an accident can be considered as a
tightrope walk between life and death. Any fractional time delay of arriving medical help can
cost the life of the victims. A study by Virtanen et al. shows that 4. 6% of the fatalities in
accidents could have been prevented only in Finland if the emergency services could be
provided at the place of the accident at the proper time . As such, an efficient automatic accident
detection with an automatic notification to the emergency service with the accident location is
a prime need to save the precious human life.

The motor vehicle population is growing at a faster rate than the economic and population
growth. Accidents and the death rate due to road accidents, especially two wheelers are also
increasing at an alarming rate. Most of the accident deaths that happens are due to the lack of
immediate medical assistance, on the roads like express highways. A facility for providing
immediate medical assistance to the accident area can reduce the fatality to a greater extend.
Thus comes the idea of an alert system that senses the accident and its seriousness to alert the
nearby medical centre for providing ambulance or medical aid to the accident area. The
proposed system will check whether an accident has occurred and identify the seriousness of
the injury to the accident victim/driver. Once the decision of serious accident has taken, the
system will check for the nearest medical centre and notify them about the incident. The rescue
team can rush to the spot immediately without any delay as the correct location will be
communicated by the mobile phone of the accident victim. The system will also send message
to the friends and relatives to inform them about the incident.

Accident detection and alert system has been extensively studied over the past several years.
Research work in this field has proposed a Telematics model which has three main modules.
The system is intended to capture the location of the vehicle through GPS receiver, send the
location information to vehicle owner’s mobile number through SMS and also to the telematics
operator server through GPRS. Another prototype proposes a system to detect and provide
faster assistance to traffic accident victims. A prototype architecture to improve the chances of
survival for passengers involved in car accidents has also been proposed.According to the World
Health Organization, there are about 1.35 million deaths and 20–50 million injuries as a result of the
car accident globally every year.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

[1]. Especially, a certain proportion of deaths and injuries are due to untimely treatment and
secondary accidents .[2], which results from that rescue agency and vehicles around accident
cannot obtain quick response about the accident .[3]. Therefore, it is vital important to develop
an efficient accident detection method, which can significantly reduce both the number of
deaths and injuries as well as the impact and severity of accidents. [4]. Under this background,
many fundamental projects and studies to develop efficient detection method have been
launched for developing and testing.

The traditional methods utilize vehicle motion parameters captured by vehicular GPS devices
to detect car accident, such as acceleration and velocity. However, these methods based on
single type of features cannot meet the performance need of accident detection in the aspect of
accuracy and real-time. With the development of computer and communication technologies,
Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System and Internet of Vehicles have been developed
rapidly in recent years . Moreover, the image recognition based on video captured by intelligent
roadside devices in CVIS has become one of research hotspots in the field of intelligent
transportation system. For traffic situation awareness, image recognition technology has
advantages of high efficiency, flexible installation and low maintenance costs. Therefore, the
image recognition has been applied to detection pedestrian, vehicle, traffic sign and so on
successfully . In generally, there are many distinctive image and video features in traffic
accidents, such as vehicle collision, rollover and so on. To some extent, these features can be
used to detect or predict car accidents. Accordingly, some researchers apply the machine vision
technology based on deep-learning into methods of car accident detection. These methods
extract and process complex image features instead of single vehicle motion parameter, which
improves the accuracy of detecting car accidents. However, the datasets of these methods are
mostly captured by car cameras or cell phones of pedestrian, which is not suitable for roadside
devices in CVIS. In additionally, the reliability and real-time performance of these methods
need to be improved to meet the requirements of car accident detection.

GSM – Global System for Mobile Communication In this paper GSM helps in controlling the
DC motor, stepper motor, Temperature sensor and solid state relay by messaging schemes. This
scheme helps in reducing the need of manual systems which are time consuming and not
efficiency for usage. But the proposed system is fully automatic and can function without any
manual interruption.Hence this automatic system is more efficient and less expensive andmore
convenient to use from were ever possible. Hence can be preferred mode of communication
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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

for controlling purpose. GPS - Global Positioning System GPS helps in both tracking and
navigation purpose. Tracking systems is used to keep track of the vehicle without the
intervention of the driver. But a navigation system guides the driver to reach the destination
without any disruptions. Both tracking and navigation uses the same architecture. As a accident
occurs the tracking stem detects the accident prone vehicle and a message is sent to the rescue
team trough a call or SMS.

When an accident occurs, the motion state of the vehicle will change dramatically. Therefore,
many researchers proposed the accident detection method by monitoring motion parameters,
such as acceleration, velocity and so on. Reference [22] used On Board Diagnosis (OBD)
system to monitor speed and engine status to detect a crash, and utilized smart-phone to report
the accident by Wi-Fi or cellular network. Reference [23] developed an accident detection and
reporting system using GPS, GPRS, and GSM. The speed of vehicle obtained from High
Sensitive GPS receiver is considered as the index for detecting accidents, and the GSM/GPRS
modem is utilized to send the location of the accident. Reference [24] presented a prototype
system called e-NOTIFY, which monitors the change of acceleration to detect accident and
utilize V2X communication technologies to report it. To a certain extent, these methods can
detect and report car accidents in short time, and improve the efficiency of car accidents
warning. However, the vehicle running condition before car accidents is complex and
unpredictable, and the accuracy of accident detection only based on speed and acceleration may
be low. In addition, they rely too heavily on vehicular monitoring and communication
equipment, which may be unreliable or damaged in some extreme circumstances, such as heavy
canopy, underground tunnel, and serious car accidents.

Due the more road accident takes place in various cities. Nowadays the cause of death
increasing more by accident. If an accident met in a national highway roads no one there to
rescue the person to met with an accident this is due to lack of emergency facilities and rescue
team to overcome these drawback our paper proposed this method can automatic indicating
device for vehicle accident is used in this paper it is used protect the people from the risk as
soon as possible after occurrence the accident wasting a time may leads to death. so this system
will detect the accident within the less time and convey the information to the police station
and to rescue system after a few seconds. The location of the accident place will be detect by
GPS by tracking the vehicle ARM controller is used to save the mobile number in the EE
PROM and send the message to require person when an accident occurred. One more facility
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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

is provided for critical time incase of heat attacks or other health problems if the person requires
help he can press the single switch provided in the system through GPS module the location of
vehical accident is tracked and the message is transmitted through GSM modem.

Switch is provided to terminate the message sending when there is no severe injury. By this
method the time of rescue system can be saved. Accident is detecting using vibration sensor.
By this method the emergency facility will be efficiently used during the road accidents.
Accelerometer sensor can be used in a car alarm application. By this sensor dangerous driving
can be detected. Due to advancement technology. There is need for the identification of exact
vehicle location, better data transfer facilities freedom to motoring the software.

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

1.T Kalyani, S Monika, B Naresh, Mahendra Vucha; “Accident Detection and

Alert System”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-4S2 March, 2019.

This proposed system has a vibration module for detection of accident. The system receive the
GPS location using GPS module which gives the exact location co-ordinates. The GSM module
will send the SMS. This system gives acceptable output but it's not accurate and has no fail safe
feature.
2. Ajith Kumar.A, Jaganivasan.V, Sathish.T, Mohanram.S; “ACCIDENT DETECTION
AND ALERTING SYSTEM USING GPS & GSM”, International Journal of Pure and
Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 885-891 ISSN: 1314-3395.

This proposed system has an idea which developed to automatically detect an accident and
Alert the nearest hospitals and medical services about it. This system also locate the place of
the accident so that the medical services can be directed immediately towards it. This system
uses accelerometer, MCU, GPS, & GSM module support in sending message . This system can
also be used for traffic estimation and system performance estimation to prevent loss of life.

3.Nicky Kattukkaran, Mithun Haridas T P; “Intelligent accident detection and alert

system for emergency medical assistance”, January 2017.
Vehicle accident is the paramount thread for the people's life which causes a serious wound or
even dead. The automotive companies have made lots of progress in alleviating this thread, but
still the probability or detrimental effect due to an accident is not reduced, Infringement of
speed is one of the elementary reasons for a vehicle accident. Therewithal, external pressure
and change of tilt angle with road surface blameworthy for this mishap. As soon as the
emergency service could divulge about an accident, the more the effect would be mitigated.
For this purpose, we develop an Android based application that detects an accidental situation
and sends emergency alert message to the nearest police station and health care centre. This
application is integrated with an external pressure sensor to extract the outward force of the
vehicle body. It measures speed and change of tilt angle with GPS and accelerometer sensors
respectively on Android phone. By checking conditions, this application also capable of

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

reducing the rate of false alarm.

Rajvardhan Rish, Sofiya Yede, Keshav Kunal, Nutan V Bansode [2] proposed a system which
states that the leading cause of deaths in road accidents is due to delay in medical help. This
can be prevented by messaging the authorities and emergency contacts too on time. The system
consists of GPS, GSM,accelerometer and Arduino. It alerts nearest hospital, police
headquarters, family and friends during the time of mishap mainly by detecting changes in
accelerometer. The system sends a google map link using GPS module and Arduino. The
vehicle sets the flag bit of the Arduino UNO as an accident is identified until it detects abrupt
deviation from the threshold values withthe help of the measuring system detector. Throughout
the accident, the device sets the effective sensitive value for measuring instrument detectors,
unless a crash is observed. Once the accident or set bit is detected by the measuring instrument
detector, Arduino activates the GSM module, which has a manually saved signal of the accident
victim's emergency contact, and sends a pre-stored SMS to that contact.

4.Aarya D.S, Athulya C.K, Anas.P, Basil Kuriakose, Jerin Susan Joy, Leena Thomas [3]
proposed a system that states the vehicle accidents are one of the most leading causes of fatality.
The period between the occurrence of an accident and the dispatch of emergency medical
services to the accident site is a critical factor in accident survival rates.

5.Prashant Kapri, Shubham Patane, Arul Shalom [4] proposed a system which states that
an accident might occur at an isolated area where humans are absent to report any mishap.
Inbuilt hardware modules in luxury vehicles have recently been developed to detect and report
accidents. Unfortunately, such devices are both costly and immobile.

6.Bruno Fernandes, Vitor Gomes, Joaquim Ferreira and Arnaldo Oliveira [5] proposed
system with a HDy Copilot, an Android application for accident detection integrated with
multimodal alert dissemination. An android mobile is also used so that the rider can use the
app, receive road hazard alerts from other vehicles in the area, and cancel countdown
procedures if a false accident is detected. The software used are IT2S ITS-G5, GPS, 2 radio
frequency (RF) modules, a field programmable gate array, USB. They demonstrated an
accident detection system using an Android smartphone, ODB-II data, and vehicular
communications, all of which were integrated with the e-Call platform: When an accident is
identified, a DENM alert is sent to all nearby vehicles, along with SMS and voice calls to the
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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

emergency number. However, the major drawback faced was the same that is damage of
smartphone/loss of signal which renders system useless.

7.Ms. Sharmila S. Gaikwad [6]proposes an agent-based framework for the extremely

complex and variable sense of healthcare emergency decision support. It emphasizes the
value of using mobile agents to help the real-time deployment of an emergency service, rather
than just hypotheses. A mobile agent is an autonomous program capable of transporting itself
entirely under its own control between network nodes, carrying with it the data and execution
status required to resume execution at the destination host from where it left off on the original
host. Hence this agent makes a decision on when and where to move and how to go about the
execution without consulting the user repeatedly. Along with mobility, they are also capable of
performing dynamic and intelligent inference tasks during their execution which makes them
a great approach not only in situations of urgent medical help but also in other areas like
military to educational.

8. Bharath P, Saravanan M, Aravindhan K [7] have performed a detailed literature

survey of 19 papers reflecting ideas on accident detection using machine learning.
Machine learning is an artificial intelligence (AI) technology that gives systems the ability to
learn and develop from practice automatically without being programmed specifically.
Machine learning focuses on the development of a computer program that can access and use
knowledge to learn for itself. The paper that stands out among them is the one where the
dissertation system anticipates and predicts the destination location. Using a Damped area
simulation, it tests four progressive scholarship approaches, namely, variable compound
regression, spherical-spherical regression, irregular circular K-NN dropping off, and a gaggle
of those techniques for his or her effectiveness in determining the matter of destination
prediction.
At present criteria, we cannot detect where the accident has occurred and hence no information
related to it, leading to the death of an individual. The research work is going on for tracking
the position of the vehicle even in dark clumsy areas where there is no network for receiving
the signals. In this project GPS is used for tracking the position of the vehicle, GSM is used for
sending the message and the ARM controller is used for saving the mobile number in the
EEPROM and sends the message to it when an accident has been detected.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

From the past event and the existing approach the below Drawbackare been noted:

1. Manual system is adopted.

2. Tracking of accident is a crucial process in the system. 3.Required
medical attention cannot be given to the needed person.
4. Life loss and property loss were not stopped in large scale. Considering all the
drawbacks into account we have formulated a proposed system which covers all the
above mentioned drawbacks.
5. The Automated system is used once the accident occurs.
6. This system GSM will send the message to the More Human life can be saved using
this automated system.
Considering all the drawbacks into account we have formulated a proposed
system which covers all the above mentioned drawbacks.

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

CHAPTER 3
CONTROL TECHNIQUE

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

3.1 Block diagram of proposed system

Block Diagram Explanation:

Fig3.1: Block diagram of accident detection and alert system for car

• Heartbeat Sensor:
The Heartbeat Sensor is a Plug and play type sensor which monitors the heartbeat
of the person. The reference value of our heartbeat is set in the sensor when the this
value increases or decreases the sensor detect the signal and send the signal to
Arduino.
• Accelero-meter:
The Accelerometer is a device that measures the vibration or acceleration of motion
of a structure. The main function of accelerometer is to detect the Graphical
position(X Y Z) of the vehicle when accident happens.
• Gas Sensor: Gas Sensor used is MO3 GAS SENSOR. It is made up of tin dioxide
semiconductor gas sensing material. It is suitable for detecting for H2,LPG,CH4,CO,
CHIHOL,SMOKE OR PROPANE.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

• GPS RECEIVER:
GPS will help in finding the location of the accident spot.
• ARDUINO:
ARDUINO is the heart of the system which helps to transferring the
message to different device in the system.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.2:Circuit Diagram

Circuit Discription :

Circuit Connections of this Vehicle Accident Alert System Project is simple. Here Tx pin of
GPS module is directly connected to digital pin number 10 of Arduino. By using Software
Serial Library here, we have allowed serial communication on pin 10 and 11, and made them
Rx and Tx respectively and left the Rx pin of GPS Module open. By default Pin 0 and 1 of
Arduino are used for serial communication but by using the Software Serial library, we can
allow serial communication on other digital pins of the Arduino. 12 Volt supply is used to
power the GPS Module.
GSM module’s Tx and Rx pins of are directly connected to pin D2 and D3 of Arduino. For
GSM interfacing, here we have also used software serial library. GSM module is also powered
by 12v supply. An optional LCD’s data pins D4, D5, D6, and D7 are connected to pin number
6, 7, 8, and 9 of Arduino. Command pin RS and EN of LCD are connected with pin number 4
and 5 of Arduino and RW pin is directly connected with ground. A Potentiometer is also used
for setting contrast or brightness of LCD.
An Accelerometer is added in this system for detecting an accident and its x,y, and z-axis
ADC output pins are directly connected to Arduino ADC pin A1, A2, and A3.

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

3.3 FLOW CHART

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

FLOWCHART DISCRIPTION:

In the accident detection and alert system there are multiple sensors have been used which are
alcohol sensor,seat belt detection sensor, accelerometer sensor.These sensors are mounted in
car at various places.
When the car starts first of all the alcohol sensor senses is there any alcohol content taken
by the driver,the seat belt sensor detects the seat belt is connected or not. If any one of these
conditions are true then car is unable to start. So this happens when the alcohol is detected in
the car in other way we can say that the system is unstable or abnormal.
When system is normal that is no alcohol is detected and seat belt is also detected then only
we can start the car. This is about system initilatization.
When accident occurs the accident is sensed by accelerometer sensor. If the axis of the
accelerometer is changed the it gives signal to the aurdino that the accident is detected.
When accident is not detected the GPS system does not work as it no recieve any signal from
the aurdino and hence no message is sent. When the accident is detected the aurdino switches
on the GPS which finds the location and it send the coordinates to the registered number.

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

CHAPTER 4
COMPONENTS

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

HARDWARE COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION:

1. SIM800L GSM MODULE:-

The SIM800L module has total 12 pins that interface it to the outside world.
The connections are as follows:

Fig 4.1 SIM800L GSM

NET is a pin where you can solder Helical Antenna provided along with the module.

VCC supplies power for the module. This can be anywhere from 3.4V to 4.4 volts. Remember
connecting it to 5V pin will likely destroy your module! It doesn’t even run on 3.3 V! An
external power source like Li-Po battery or DC-DC buck converters rated 3.7V 2A would work.

RST (Reset) is a hard reset pin. If you absolutely got the module in a bad space, pull this pin
low for 100ms to perform a hard reset.

RxD (Receiver) pin is used for serial communication. TxD (Transmitter) pin is used for serial
communication.

GND is the Ground Pin and needs to be connected to GND pin on the Arduino.

RING pin acts as a Ring Indicator. It is basically the ‘interrupt’ out pin from the module. It is
by default high and will pulse low for 120ms when a call is received. It can also be configured
to pulse when an SMS is received.

DTR pin activates/deactivates sleep mode. Pulling it HIGH will put module in sleep mode,
disabling serial communication. Pulling it LOW will wake the module up.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

MIC± is a differential microphone input. The two microphone pins can be connected directly
to these pins.

SPK± is a differential speaker interface. The two pins of a speaker can be tied directly to these
two pins.

2.ARDUINO MEGA:

Fig2.1: Arduino Mega

Here are 54 Input/Output digital pins and 16 Analog Input/Output (I/O) present on the Mega
board.The 15 pins from the 54 digital I/O pins are PWM output pins. The PWM pins are Pulse
Width Modulation capable pins.The input voltage of the Mega board varies from 7V to 12V.The
crystal oscillator present in Arduino Mega comes with a frequency of 16MHz.The functionality
of Mega is similar to the Arduino UNO.The operating voltage of the Arduino Mega is 5 V.The
Mega board is considered superior in terms of SRAM memory space.It is well-suited for most
of the Arduino shields.The bootloader is used to eliminate the exterior burner utilization.It is
generally used to create complex projects due to its structure.The projects that use Arduino
Mega board are IOT Applications, 3D Printers, temperature sensing, monitoring of real-time
applications, etc.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

3.NEO 6M GPS MODULE:

Fig. 4.3 GPS MODULE

The NEO-6M GPS module is a well-performing complete GPS receiver with a

built-in 25 x 25 x 4mm ceramic antenna, which provides a strong satellite search capability.
With the power and signal indicators, you can monitor the status of the module. Thanks to the
data backup battery, the module can save the data when the main power is shut down
accidentally. Its 3mm mounting holes can ensure easy assembly on your aircraft, which thus
can fly steadily at a fixed position, return to Home automatically, and automatic waypoint
flying, etc. Or you can apply it on your smart robot car for automatic returning or heading to a
certain destination, making it a real "smart" bot!

Features:

A complete GPS module with an active antenna integrated, and a built-in EEPROM to save
configuration parameter data.

Built-in 25 x 25 x 4mm ceramic active antenna provides strong satellite search capability.

Equipped with power and signal indicator lights and data backup battery. Power supply: 3-
5V; Default baud rate: 9600bps.

Interface: RS232 TTL

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

4.ADXL335 ACCELEROMETER MODULE

An accelerometer is an electromechanical device that will measure acceleration force. It shows

acceleration, only due to cause of gravity i.e. g force. It measures acceleration in g unit.

Fig.4.4 ADLX335 Accelerometer

VCC: Power supply pin i.e. connect 5V here.

X_OUT: X axis analog output.

Y_OUT: Y axis analog output.

Z_OUT: Z axis analog output.

GND: Ground pin i.e. connect ground here.

ADXL335 accelerometer provides analog voltage at the output X, Y, Z pins; which is

proportional to the acceleration in respective directions i.e. X, Y, Z.

FEATURES:

The ADXL335 gives complete 3-axis acceleration measurement.

This module measures acceleration within range ±3 g in the x, y and z axis.

The output signals of this module are analog voltages that are proportional to the acceleration.

It contains a polysilicon surface-micro machined sensor and signal conditioning circuitry.

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5.M317T VARIABLE VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Fig. 4.5 LM317T VR

The voltage across the feedback resistor R1 is a constant 1.25V reference voltage, Vref produced
between the “output” and “adjustment” terminal. The adjustment terminal current is a constant
current of 100uA. Since the reference voltage across resistor R1 is constant, a constant current

i will flow through the other resistor R2, resulting in an output voltage of:

Then whatever current flows through resistor R1 also flows through resistor R2 (ignoring
the very small adjustment terminal current), with the sum of the voltage drops acrossR1 and R2
being equal to the output voltage, Vout. Obviously the input voltage, Vin must be atleast 2.5
volts greater than the required output voltage to power the regulator.

Also, the LM317T has very good load regulation providing that the minimum load current is
greater than 10mA. So to maintain a constant reference voltage of 1.25V, the minimum value
of feedback resistor R1 needs to be 1.25V/10mA = 120 Ohm and this value can range anywhere
from 120 ohms to 1,000 ohms with typical values of R1 being about 220Ω’s to 240Ω’s for
good stability.

If we know the value of the required output voltage, Vout and the feedback resistor R1 is say
240 ohms, then we can calculate the value of resistor R2 from the above equation. For example,
our original output voltage of 9V would give a resistive value for R2 of:

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

R1.((Vout/1.25)-1) = 240.((9/1.25)-1) = 1,488 Ohms or 1,500 Ohms (1k5Ω) to the nearest

preferred value.

Of course in practice, resistors R1 and R2 would normally be replaced by a potentiometer so

as to produce a variable voltage power supply, or by several switched preset resistances if
several fixed output voltages are required.

6.7805 IC Rating

Table No. 4.1 Pin Details of 7805 IC

Pin
Pin Function Description
No.
In this pin of the IC positive
1 INPUT Input voltage (7V-35V) unregulated voltage is given in
regulation.
In this pin where the ground is given.
2 GROUND Ground (0V) This pin is neutral for equally the input
and output.
Regulated output; 5V The output of the regulated 5V volt is
3 OUTPUT
(4.8V-5.2V) taken out at this pin of the IC regulator.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

7.16X2 LCD PINOUT DIAGRAM

Fig7.1: 16x2 LCD pinout diagram

Pin
Function Name
No.

Ground (0V)
1 Ground
Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc
2
Contrast adjustment; the best way is to use a variable resistor such as a
potentiometer. The output of the potentiometer is connected to this pin. Rotate the Vo / VEE
3
potentiometer knob forward and backwards to adjust the LCD contrast.
RS
4 Selects command register when low, and data register when high (Register
Select )

5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Read/write

Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given; Extra voltage push is
required to execute the instruction and EN(enable) signal is used for this purpose.
6 Enable
Usually, we make it en=0 and when we want to execute the instruction we make it
high en=1 for some milliseconds. After this we again make it ground that is, en=0.
7 DB0
8-bit data pins
8 DB1

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

8. PULSE SENSOR

Features

● Biometric Pulse Rate or

Heart Rate detecting
sensor
● Plug and Play type sensor
● Operating Voltage: +5V or +3.3V
● Current Consumption: 4mA
● Inbuilt Amplification and
Noise cancellationcircuit.
● Diameter: 0.625”
● Thickness: 0.125” Thick
Fig4.8:Pulse sensor

Table No. 4.3 Pin Configuration of Sensor

Pin Pin Name Wire Colour Description

Number

1 Ground Black Connected to the ground of the system

2 Vcc Red Connect to +5V or +3.3V supply voltage

3 Signal Purple Pulsating output signal.

The working of the Pulse/Heart beat sensor is very simple. The sensor has two sides, on one
side the LED is placed along with an ambient light sensor and on the other side we have some
circuitry. This circuitry is responsible for the amplification and noise cancellation work. The
LED on the front side of the sensor is placed over a vein in our human body. This can either be
your Finger tip or you ear tips, but it should be placed directly on top of a vein.
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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

Now the LED emits light which will fall on the vein directly. The veins will have blood flow
inside them only when the heart is pumping, so if we monitor the flow of blood we can monitor
the heart beats as well. If the flow of blood is detected then the ambient light sensor will pick
up more light since they will be reflect ted by the blood, this minor change in received light is
analysed over time to determine our heart beats.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

9.GAS SENSOR MQ3

Fig. 4.9 Gas sensor MQ2

MQ2 gas sensor is an electronic sensor used for sensing the concentration of gases in the air
such as LPG, propane, methane, hydrogen, alcohol, smoke and carbon monoxide.

MQ2 is a metal oxide semiconductor type gas sensor. Concentrations of gas in the gas is
measured using a voltage divider network present in the sensor. This sensor works on 5V DC
voltage. It can detect gases in the concentration of range 200 to 10000ppm.

Working Principle

This sensor contains a sensing element, mainly aluminium-oxide based ceramic, coated with
Tin dioxide, enclosed in a stainless steel mesh. Sensing element has six connecting legs
attached to it. Two leads are responsible for heating the sensing element, the other four are used
for output signals.

Oxygen gets adsorbed on the surface of sensing material when it is heated in air at high
temperature. Then donor electrons present in tin oxide are attracted towards this oxygen, thus
preventing the current flow.When reducing gases are present, these oxygen atoms react with
the reducing gases thereby decreasing the surface density of the adsorbed oxygen. Now current
can flow through the sensor, which generated analog voltage values.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

10: RELAY

Fig4.10: Relay

Relays are frequently utilized in circuits to lessen the current that flows via the number one
control switch. An enormously low amperage switch, timer, or sensor may be used to show a
miles better potential relay on and stale.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

11:DC GEAR MOTOR

Fig 4.11: DC Gear Motor

A DC motor is any motor within a class of electrical machines whereby direct current electrical
power is converted into mechanical power.

1.2 amps. Continuous Torque: 0.2478 In-lbs. DC Voltage: 12 Volt. Motor Type: DC Motor.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

4.2 COSTING OF PROJECT:

Sr. Component
Quantity Price (₹)
No Name
1. SIM800L GSM 1 450
2. ARDUINO UNO 1 450
3. NEO 6M GPS 1 550
4. ADXL335 ACCELEROMETER 1 250
5. LM317T VOLTAGE REGULATOR 1 20
6. 7805 IC 1 25
7. LCD 16*2 1 150
8. PULSE SENSOR 1 2500
9. GAS SENSOR MQ2 1 200
10. Relay 1 100
11. DC Gear motor 4 400
TOTAL COST 5595

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

CHAPTER 5

PROGRAMMIMG

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

5.1: PROGRAMMIMG
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <TinyGPS.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3);
TinyGPS gps; SoftwareSerial ss(10, 11);

int accX = A7; int accY = A6; int accZ = A5;

int xval; int yval; int zval; int i;
float lat, lng; static char lat1[8];
static char message[100];

LiquidCrystal lcd(13, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4);

void setup()

Serial.begin(115200); ss.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16, 2);

pinMode(accX,INPUT); pinMode(accY,INPUT); pinMode(accZ,INPUT);

pinMode(sw1,INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw2,INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);

}
void loop(){ B:

bool newData = false; unsigned long chars;

unsigned short sentences, failed;
for (unsigned long start = millis(); millis() - start < 1000;)

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

LiquidCrystal lcd(13, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4);

void setup()
{

Serial.begin(115200); ss.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16, 2);

pinMode(accX,INPUT); pinMode(accY,INPUT); pinMode(accZ,INPUT);

pinMode(sw1,INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw2,INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);

void loop(){ B:

bool newData = false; unsigned long chars;

unsigned short sentences, failed;
for (unsigned long start = millis(); millis() - start < 1000;)

{
while (ss.available())
{

char c = ss.read(); if (gps.encode(c)) newData = true;

}

if (newData)

float flat, flon; unsigned long age;

gps.f_get_position(&flat, &flon, &age);

lcd.setCursor (0,0); lcd.print("LAT = ");

lcd.print(flat == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flat, 6); lcd.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("LON = ");

lcd.print(flon == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flon, 6); lcd.print(" ");

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

lat = flat; lng = flon;

}
dtostrf(lat,7, 6, lat1);

dtostrf(lng,7, 6, lng1);

xval = analogRead(accX)/4; yval = analogRead(accY)/4; zval = analogRead(accZ)/4;

if (digitalRead(sw1)==LOW) {

lcd.setCursor (0,0); lcd.print("ACC Calibrartion");

EEPROM.write(1,xval); EEPROM.write(2,yval); EEPROM.write(3,zval ); delay(1000);

}

if (abs(xval-EEPROM.read(1)) > 10 || abs(yval-EEPROM.read(2)) > 10 || abs(zval-

EEPROM.read(3)) > 10 ){
mySerial.begin(9600);

lcd.setCursor (0,0);

lcd.print(" ARE YOU OKAY "); i = 0;

A:

if (i < 1000) {

digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH); delay(10); digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW); delay(10); i++;

if (digitalRead(sw2) == LOW) { lcd.setCursor (0,0);

lcd.print(" YOU ARE OKAY ");

lcd.setCursor (0,1); lcd.print("MESSAGE NOT SENT");

delay (1000); goto B;
}

lcd.setCursor (0,1); lcd.print("RES. TIME = "); lcd.print(1000 - i);

// mySerial.begin(9600); goto A;
}

else { mySerial.begin(9600); delay (1000); SendMessage();

}

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

void SendMessage()

mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); delay(1000);

mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91xxxxxxxxxx\"\r"); delay(1000);

mySerial.println("Tom is in Trouble LAT = "); mySerial.println(lat);

mySerial.println(" LNG = "); mySerial.println(lng); delay(100);
mySerial.println((char)26); delay(1000);

lcd.setCursor (0,0);

lcd.print(" MESSAGE SENT "); lcd.setCursor (0,1);

lcd.print(" JERRY COMING "); delay (1000);
ss.begin(9600);

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

CHAPTER 6
HARDWARE DESIGN

36
 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

6.1 HARDWARE DESIGN:

Fig 6.1 External structure

Fig6.2: Internal structure

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

6.2 RESULT:

Fig6.3:Seat Belt Detection

Fig6.2:Alcohol detected

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

Fig6.4: Accident detected msg on registered mobile no.

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

7.1 CONCLUSION

The proposed system deals with the accident alerting and detection. Arduino is the heart of the
system which helps in transferring the message to different devices in the system. The attached
accelerometer in the vehicle senses the tilt of the vehicle and the heartbeat sensor on the user’s
body senses the abnormality of the heartbeat to understand the seriousness of the accident. The
accident occurs information is transferred to the registered number through GSM module.
Using GPS the location can be sent through tracking system to cover the geographical
coordinates over the area.

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

7.2 FUTURE SCOPE

The proposed system deals with the detection of the accidents. But this can be extended by
providing medication to the victims at the accident spot. By increasing the technology we can
also avoid accidents by providing alerts systems that can stop the vehicle to overcome the
accidents.

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ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

CHAPTER 8
REFERENCE

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

8.REFERENCES

[1] T Kalyani, S Monika, B Naresh, Mahendra Vucha; “Accident Detection and

Alert System”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-4S2 March, 2019.

[2] Gowshika. B, Madhu Mitha. G, Jayashree. S, S. Mutharasu; “VEHICLE

ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM BY USING GSM AND GPS”, International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), January 2019.

[3] Ajith Kumar.A, Jaganivasan.V, Sathish.T, Mohanram.S; “ACCIDENT

DETECTION AND ALERTING SYSTEM USING GPS & GSM”, International
Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 885-891 ISSN:
1314-3395.

[4] Nicky Kattukkaran, Mithun Haridas T P; “Intelligent accident detection and

alert system for emergency medical assistance”, January 2017

[5] Amit Meena, Srikrishna Iyer, Monika Nimje, Saket JogJekar, Sachin Jagtap,
Mujeeb Rahman, “Automatic Accident Detection and Reporting Framework for
Two Wheelers”, IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communication
Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), pp 962- 967, May 2014.

[6] Tanushree Dalai,“Emergency Alert and Service for Automotives for India”,
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering
(IJATCSE), Mysore, India, Vol.2, No.5, Pages: 08-12 (2013) Special Issue of
ICETCSE 2013.

[7] Manuel Fogue, Piedad Garrido, Francisco J. Martinez, Juan-Carlos Cano,

Carlos T. Calafate, and Pietro Manzoni, “Automatic Accident Detection:
Assistance Through Communication Technologies and Vehicles”, IEEE Vehicular
Technology Magazine, pp 90-100, Volume7, Issue 3 September 2012.

[8] Mr S.Kailasam, Mr Karthiga, Dr Kartheeban, R.M.Priyadarshani,

K.Anithadevi, “Accident Alert System using face Recognition”,IEEE, 2019

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 ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR CAR

[9] Rajvardhan Rishi, Sofiya Yede, Keshav Kunal, Nutan V. Bansode,” Automatic
Messaging System for Vehicle Tracking and Accident Detection, Proceedings of the
International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication .

[10] Aarya D.S, Athulya C.K, Anas.P, Basil Kuriakose, Jerin Susan Joy , Leena Thomas,
“Accident Alert and Tracking Using Arduino”, International Journal of Advanced Research
in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 4, April 2018.

[11] Nicky Kattukkaran, Arun George, Mithun Haridas T.P, “Intelligent Accident
Detection and Alert System for Emergency Medical Assistance “, International Conference
on Computer Communication and Informatics, 2017.

[12] Prashant Kapri, Shubham Patane, Arul Shalom A, “Accident Detection & Alert
System”, IEEE, 2018 Bruno Fernandes, Vitor Gomes, Joaquim Ferreira and Arnaldo Oliveira,
“Mobile Application for Automatic Accident Detection and Multimodal Alert”, IEEE, 2015.

[13] Manuel Fogue, Piedad Garrido, Francisco J. Martinez,”A System for Automatic
Notification and Severity Estimation of Automotive Accidents”, IEEE, 2014.

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