IConNECT 2023, August 25th-26th 2023, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

Water Quality Control and Monitoring Systems in

VANAME Shrimp Ponds Using the Fuzzy Method
2023 International Conference on Networking, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, and Technology (IConNECT) | 979-8-3503-3117-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IConNECT56593.2023.10326751

Jaka Persada Sembiring Elka Pranita Novia Utami Putri

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Faculty of Engineering and Computer Faculty of Engineering and Computer
Science Science Science
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia
Bandarlampung, Indonesia Bandarlampung, Indonesia Bandarlampung, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Akhmad Jayadi Rian Fadli

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Faculty of Engineering and Computer
Science Science
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia
Bandarlampung, Indonesia Bandarlampung, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— The water quality control and monitoring system in Karya Tani Village is an area to develop vaname shrimp
vaname shrimp ponds is a system made to make it easier for cultivation in the sub-district. Labuhan Maringgai, East
shrimp farmers to control and monitor water quality Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. Based on the results
parameters in vaname shrimp farming ponds, in this case if of an interview with Mr. Joko, who is the owner of a
the temperature, pH level and turbidity level of water are at a
vaname shrimp farm, there are currently several obstacles in
predetermined threshold. Then the system will normalize
water, by activating the water pump to normalize water carrying out the cultivation process. The main obstacle that
quality based on sensor data input. Real-time monitoring often arises as a cause of failure in vaname shrimp
through the web platform allows cultivators to monitor water production is poor water conditions during the maintenance
conditions in real time and can take quick action. Based on the period, especially in intensive ponds. Therefore, the
results of sensor testing in measuring pH, temperature and importance of water quality management and monitoring
turbidity in vaname shrimp farming pond water, the during the maintenance process is very important, such as
measurement results in sensor readings are quite good with an monitoring water temperature and acidity (pH) of water. In
average pH sensor of 0.56% and an average error of a addition, there is another problem, namely how to monitor
temperature sensor of 1.9%, while the turbidity value of water
water quality Manually, the owner monitors directly without
is 25 NTU. Data from pH sensor readings, temperature and
turbidity, and water pump status can be sent to the database having exact information about the water quality in the
accurately and data can be displayed through the website pond. However, there are several obstacles in this
making it easier for users to monitor, provided that the device monitoring process, one of which is the distance that is an
must be connected to an internet connection. obstacle, considering that not every day the owner can carry
out direct monitoring of the condition of the pool. This
Keywords— Water Quality, Wemos D1 R32, pH Sensor caused the cultivators to suffer financial losses and delays in
SENO161, Temperature Sensor DS18B20, Turbidity Sensor
their work. Therefore, farmers' awareness of the importance
SENO189
of monitoring changes in water quality in ponds is very
I. INTRODUCTION important.
Based on these problems, more efficient and innovative
Shrimp is one of the main commodities in the fisheries solutions are needed to overcome this problem. The use of
sector in Indonesia. This also makes shrimp production advanced technology, such as automation systems and real-
quite large compared to other fishery commodities. Shrimp time monitoring, can help cultivators get water quality
production in Indonesia has a fairly broad subsector in information more accurately and quickly. By implementing
Indonesia both from shrimp fishing at sea and the results of an automation system using sensors connected to a
shrimp farming. This is supported by the vast waters in microcontroller can measure and control water quality
Indonesia as a maritime country that causes shrimp parameters automatically. If the values are beyond the
production, acting as one of the sources of income for the specified limits, the system will activate the water pump or
people of Indonesia.[1] other device. Real-time monitoring through the web
In the process of VANAME shrimp farming, farmers platform allows cultivators to monitor water conditions in
often face problems with poor pond water quality. Poor real time and can take quick action. It is hoped that shrimp
water conditions can make shrimp more susceptible to farmers can be more efficient in maintaining pond water
disease and inhibit their growth. To ensure optimal growing conditions to suit the needs of vaname shrimp, so that the
conditions for vaname shrimp, it is important to maintain the productivity and welfare of shrimp farmers can increase.
pH of the water in the range of 7.5 to 8.5, the temperature In this study, we propose a system that can control and
between 28 to 30°C, and the turbidity of the water around monitor water quality parameters in vaname shrimp farming
25 to 400 NTU. Instability in temperature, pH and turbidity ponds, in this case if the temperature level, pH level and
of water can negatively affect the growth and development turbidity level of water are at a predetermined threshold.
of vaname shrimp. [2] Then the system will normalize water, by activating the

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979-8-3503-3117-2/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 103
 IConNECT 2023, August 25th-26th 2023, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

water pump to normalize water quality based on sensor data LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) interfaces. And using the web
input. page as a monitoring system, the schematic design of the
circuit can be seen in Figure 1.
II. RELATED WORKS
Water quality control and monitoring system It has been Power
supply
researched several times in the past. In this section, several
studies have been presented to show the difference their
motivations and goals.
The implementation of internet of things-based control
and monitoring systems, this research involves the use of
hardware and software to control the pH level of water in
ponds [3]. Hardware components include pH sensor,
flowmeter, Arduino, and esp8266 WiFi module. The
software used is Arduino IDE and Blynk. Data is sent over
the internet to the Firebase database. If the pH level of the
water is outside the range of 7.5 to 8.5, the device activates
the pump to regulate the pH level by pumping the
appropriate pH liquid into the pool. The goal is to maintain a Fig 1. Schematic circuit
stable and optimal pH level for the pond environment.
The schematic design in controlling the output of the
Research conducted [2] proposed a system to measure water pump begins with the reading of 3 sensors, namely the
temperature, pH and turbidity. The tools made in this study SENO161 pH sensor, DS18B20 Temperature Sensor and
used a DS18B20 temperature sensor, pH prob Kit, and SENO189 turbidity sensor, after the data is read by the three
turbidity sensor to read the temperature, pH, and turbidity sensors. Then the data is processed using Wemos D1 R32
values of pond water. The output of these sensors is and the data will be displayed on the website and LCD
displayed on a 20x4 LCD screen. Researchers conducted (Liquid Crystal Display). if the pH level, temperature and
four experiments and produced an average pH value of 7.45 turbidity of the water are substandard, the tool will turn on
with an average temperature of 27.9 °C, and an average the pump to normalize the water automatically according to
turbidity of 38.065 NTU. The author also made a the program that has been created in the Arduino IDE
comparison between the average value produced using a software.
tool made using a digital pH meter and an alcohol
thermometer as a comparison tool. The comparison results Based on the circuit scheme, in general the function of
show that the average value of pH and temperature the components is as follows:
measured using a tool made is almost the same as using a
1) NodeMCU ESP8266 Wemos is an electronic
comparison tool, so it can be concluded that the tool made is
device module that is equipped with Arduino based
quite accurate in measuring the condition of pond water.
on ESP8266. in this research is used as sensor data
retrieval and sending sensor data to the My SQL
in her paper [4] makes a system that can raise or lower
platform [5].
the pH if the pH level of pond water is below the minimum
2) Liquid crystal display (LCD) is one of the
pH value of 7.5 or exceeds the maximum value of 8.5,
electronic components that functions as a display
according to the predetermined setting value.
of data, both characters, letters or graphics [6].
III. REASERCH METHODS 3) pH sensor SEN0161 is a sensor that detects the
acidity of a liquid [7].
The procedures carried out in this study include the
4) DS18B20 Temperature Sensor is a Temperature
design and manufacture of a control and monitoring system
sensor that uses a one wire interface with a
to observe the effect of pH, temperature, and turbidity level
waterproof type [8].
on water quality in VANAME shrimp farms. Here we
5) Turbidity sensor SEN0189 works based on changes
propose and build a water quality monitoring system using
in light intensity [9]
IoT concepts. The developed system consists of several
6) A relay is an electronic component that functions
sensor devices used to monitor the water quality of
as a switch [10]
aquaculture ponds and collect information in the form of
7) Water Pump serves to move or move fluids from
parameters such as temperature, pH, and turbidity level of
one place to another [11]
water. The data collected from each sensor device will be
sent to the MySQL database, after which it will be displayed
via a web page.
A. Schematic Circuit B. Mechanic Design
The schematic circuit uses pH Sensor SEN0161, The design of the water quality control system is the
Temperature Sensor DS18B20, Turbidity Sensor SEN0189, initial stage of manufacture, as well as the mechanical
Relay and Water Pump. By using the WEMOS D1 R32 design of the water quality control system based on pH,
microcontroller as a data processor, as well as a series of temperature and turbidity, can be seen in Figure 2.

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 IConNECT 2023, August 25th-26th 2023, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

this study, the membership model used for the Fuzzy Logic
Lcd Display Controller was the trapezoidal model. The selection of the
trapezoidal model is due to its ability to capture multiple
values with a membership degree equivalent to 1.

The use of a control system using the mamdani inference

method. Using fuzzy rule bases, fuzzy logic systems can
perform more flexible reasoning and produce outputs that
are not only true or false, but also provide levels of truth that
range between 0 and 1, reflecting the degree of uncertainty
or diversity in the input data. The list of inference rules can
Fig 2. Mechanic Design be defined as follows:

In Figure 2. The design of the control system begins • Rule 1: If (Temprature = middle) & (pH = Netral)
with the assembly of the main components of the control & (Turbidity = No) Then (Water Pump = Off)
system which will then connect all the components. • Rule 2: If (Temprature = middle) & (pH = Base) &
(Turbidity = No) Then (Water Pump = Active
C. Tools mecanisme 30%)
• Rule 3: If (Temprature = cold) & (pH = Base) &
In the block diagram the shrimp pond water quality control (Turbidity = No) Then (Water Pump = Active
and monitoring system forms a water quality monitoring 60%)
system that can be accessed at any time as long as there is • Rule 4: If (Temprature = cold) & (pH = Base) &
an internet connection, the system is designed based on Ph, (Turbidity = Yes) Then (Water Pump = Active
temperature and turbidity as a means of monitoring water 100%)
quality. The ph, temperature and turbidity data obtained
from the sensor readings will be processed using the Wemos
D1 R32 to be sent to the water quality monitoring system
web and will be displayed on an LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) screen as a human interface device. how it works
which can be seen in Figure 3.

Tool Mechanism

Fig 4. Temperature membership function

Temperature
Sensor

Water Internet
Sensor pH Wemos D1 R32 Pump
Database
Sensor LCD
Turbidity Display

Web Server

Power Supply
Fig 5. pH membership function

Fig 3. How Water Quality Control and Monitoring Works

D. Fuzzy Logic Control

The design for a fuzzy logic control system consists of
three input variables, namely temperature, acidity (pH), and
water turbidity, and one output is water pump operation. In
this situation, the normal temperature ranges from 27 to 30,
the normal pH range is between 6.5 to 8.5, and the turbidity Fig 6. Turbidity membership function
value (NTU) should be between 25 to 400. The control
system will compare the temperature, pH and NTU data By applying the centroid method approach, the midpoint
generated by the sensor as a feedback mechanism. The will be chosen from the return to the original value (de-
difference between the reference and feedback values will fuzzyfication). The final result of a Fuzzy Logic control step
be counted as an error. This difference will be the input for is determined by the fuzzy membership function and the
the Fuzzy Logic control system to operate according to pool of fuzzy sets in the inference rule. We have used
predefined rules. As a result, the water pump will work Matlab's Fuzzy Toolbox to simulate the de-fuzzyfication
according to the decision of the Fuzzy Logic Controller. In step in this process. The result can be seen in the image.

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using a web server that has been created. A monitoring

system can work well if it can be read and displayed. The
monitoring test can be seen in Figure 10.

Fig 7. Fuzzy Logic Rule 1 simulation yields water pump values in off
condition

Fig 10. Monitoring System Test

C. Testing of the Mamdani Fuzzy Method

Fig 8. Fuzzy Logic Rule 1 simulation yields water pump values in
condition on 30% In testing the fuzzy approach of the Mamdani method,
supporting software in the form of MATLAB software is
needed. This test is carried out to compare the results of the
calculation of MATLAB values with the calculation results
that have been arranged through the program on the
previous microcontroller. The results of testing Mamdani's
fuzzy approach can be seen in Table 1.

TABLE I. MAMDANI FUZZY TESTING

Output Output
Input Data Processing
controller Matlab
Error
pH Temperature Turbidit
Pump Pump
(°C) y
Fig 9. Fuzzy Logic Rule 1 simulation yields water pump values in
3.8 31.4 25 5.44 5.43 0.18%
condition on 60%
7.1 30.7 25 2.22 2.22 0%
Based on the results of de-fuzzyfication simulations, the 7.1 30.7 25 2.32 2.29 1.3%
rules implemented in Fuzzy Logic are eligible for use in 6.2 31.06 37 4.57 4.47 2.23%
Fuzzy Logic Controller to automate the water quality
6.25 30.81 10 4.19 4.16 0,7%
normalization process. Thus, the rules and controllers are
ready to be implemented on the microcontroller. 8 29.94 0 1.27 1.24 2.4%
6.35 27.7 30 3.31 3.21 3.1%
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. The Tool Component Test In table 1 after testing obtained calculations on
In testing the components of the tool is carried out to microcontrollers in accordance with the results of
find out whether the planned function works properly. The MATLAB, it can be concluded that the application of the
purpose of testing is also to determine the level of fuzzy mamdai method on microcontrollers is quite
performance of a function, and each circuit is tested so that appropriate / well validated with an average error of 1.4%.
it can be known when errors occur. At this stage, the tools This shows that the microcontroller can produce consistent
that have been created are tested to obtain data on several and accurate results as expected.
parameters. The test carried out is testing of components. D. Sensor Calibration
Power Suplay/Adapter, Pump Testing, Fuzzy Mamdani
Sensor test data was tested three times using three
Testing, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Testing, DS18B20
different samples with Temperature, Ph, and Turbidity
Temperature Sensor Testing, SENO161 pH Sensor Testing,
parameters.
SEN0189 Sensor Testing, monitoring system testing and
overall system testing.
a) Temperature Testing: The purpose of testing the
B. Monitoring System Test Temperature Sensor in this study was to assess the
performance of the DS18B20 sensor. This will be achieved
Monitoring System testing is carried out to find out by comparing the temperature readings obtained from the
whether the sensors used in this study can be monitored

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 IConNECT 2023, August 25th-26th 2023, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

sensor against a digital thermometer. The test procedure will 25.00 NTU, the value of soy sauce water 184.00 NTU and
cover three different temperature levels, aiming to ensure the value of coffee water 342.00 NTU.
the accuracy and effectiveness of the DS18B20 sensor in E. Analysis of Results and Discussion
measuring and providing precise temperature values.
Testing of temperature sensors can be seen in Table 2. The entire design of the control and monitoring system
that has been made is tested on vaname shrimp farming
TABLE II. TEMPRATURE SENSOR TESTING farms. The testing and data collection process was carried
out on Monday, July 31, 2023 at one of the vaname shrimp
Temperature
No Sensor
Measurement
Difference Error ponds owned by residents in Karya Tani village, Labuhan
Thermometer maringgai District, East Lamung Regency. The testing of
Measurement
1 23.56 23.1 0.46 1.9% the tool will be carried out for 11 hours starting from 11:48
2 29.44 29 0.44 1.5%
to 22:00 on July 31, 2023. For the results of temperature,
pH, and turbidity sensor readings in vaname shrimp farmed
3 38.56 38.8 0.24 0.6% pond water. The results of reading sensor data through
Average error value 1.33% graphs can be seen in Figure 11.

In table 2 the largest error difference is 1.9%, and the

smallest difference is 0.6%, with the average error being
1.33%.
b) pH Testing: The purpose of this test is to ensure
that the sensor provides reliable and accurate readings when
encountering variations in water acidity or alkalinity. The
pH sensor reading data will be compared with measurement
results from pH analyzers that are recognized as the
standard for measuring pH. This comparison will provide
insight into the accuracy and reliability of the pH sensor
being tested. pH sensor testing can be seen in Table 3.
Fig 11. Sensor Reading Graph

As for the results of temperature, pH, and turbidity

TABLE III. PH SENSOR TESTING sensor readings in vaname shrimp farming pond
water.sensor measurement data can be seen in table 5.
pH Measurement pH Sensor
No Difference Error
Tester Measurement
1 3.82 3.4 0.42 12.3%
TABLE V. SENSOR MEASUREMENT DATA
2 7.8 7.35 0.45 5.7%
3 10 9.7 0.3 3% Time Temp pH Turbidity Water Pump
Average error value 6.9% 11.48 29.94 9.03 25 On 30%
12.30 30.25 8.55 25 Off
In table 3 the largest error difference is 12.3%, and the 13.00 30.25 8.55 25 Off
smallest difference is 3%, with the average error being 13.30 30.25 8.55 25 Off
6.9%.
15.00 30.88 8.49 25 Off
c) Turbidity Testing: The purpose of this turbidity
15.30 30.88 8.49 25 Off
sensor testing is to ensure that the sensor is able to
function effectively in detecting the turbidity level of 16.00 31.00 8.31 25 On 30%
water. This test will involve reading the sensor against 16.32 31.00 8.31 25 On 30%
three different turbidity levels. The sensor readings in this
17.00 30.31 8.02 25 Off
test will be used as a reference to determine the level of
water turbidity. More information on turbidity sensor
testing can be found in Table 4
TABLE IV. TURBIDITY TESTING
From the data listed above, it can be concluded that the
No Water Type Turbidity tool is able to lower the pH value directly at the time of the
1 Well Water 25.00
first measurement, and there is a decrease in pH at night.
These changes are likely due to the activity of respiration
2 Soy Sauce Water 184.00
and the production of CO2 by organisms in water. Sensor
3 Coffee Water 342.00 temperature measurements show variations in rise and fall in
line with weather conditions at the time the data was taken.
Meanwhile, the turbidity measurement results showed a
Based on Table 4 the test results were carried out using 3
stable value of 25 NTU.
water samples obtained results for the value of well water

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 IConNECT 2023, August 25th-26th 2023, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

Manual testing data on vaname shrimp farming pond error of a temperature sensor of 1.9%, while the turbidity
water, using a digital thermometer, and pH tester can be value of water is 25 NTU.
seen in Table 6.

TABLE VI. TEST DATA MANUALLY REFERENCES

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vannamei) di Tambak Milenial,” p. 46, 2021.
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Mengukur pH, Suhu, Dan Kadar Kekeruhan Air Tambak Untuk
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pH Temp pH Temp pH Temp MONITORING DAN PENGONTROLAN KADAR pH AIR
9 TAMBAK UNTUK BUDIDAYA UDANG BERBASIS
30.5 9.03 29.94 25 0.3% 1.8%
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CONCLUSIONS
Research that has been conducted by the author with the
title Control System and Monitoring of Water Quality in
Vaname Shrimp Ponds Based on Temperature, pH,
Turbidity and Water Pump Status, can be drawn the
following conclusions, Data from pH sensor readings,
temperature and turbidity, and water pump status can be sent
to the database accurately and data can be displayed through
the website making it easier for users to monitor and the
success of using the fuzzy method is proven through Overall
testing, where the entire system runs smoothly and
according to a plan that has been set based on the rule base.
Based on the results of sensor testing in measuring pH,
temperature and turbidity in vaname shrimp farming pond
water, the measurement results in sensor readings are quite
good with an average pH sensor of 0.56% and an average

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