ye Merey e | ODPS IN C+t The main aim of of is 40 bind teethty the datq and the funuions that Operate on nem so that no other part att the Code Can access this clota except this function. geal It is q user defined dara types, vohith holds Its ew dara members functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an Instanw of thot class. [Cejec 3] Lunen @ Class is defined no memory is allocattd bur oe iS instantiated Ci.e., object ts Created) memory fs anlocated. [Encapsuiatfon Jin o0P, Encapsulatton 1s defined as binding Fogether the data and the Funttions thot manipwares them - [Rbstraction 3] Abstraction means displaying. only essential rome and hiding the detalls. * fibshostion using classes + Arbshaction using reader Files (math +h Pow) Polumorphism 3] Th simpie words, we can define Polymorphism as the abiiity of a message to be dlsplayed In more than one form, + Operotor Overloading « Function Overloading Vint sum (10,20, 30) int sum (10, 20)[inheritance {The Capability of q Class 4o derive Properties and charactevistics from anomier class 15 called Inheritance . + Subclass + Gupercla ss . Reusabllity Duynam\e Blading ) Tn dynamic binding, the Code 4o be exeuuted §n vesponse to Funciion Cat ts decided at yuntIme. [Constructors ‘]-fr Constructors 1g a member funuton of @ class Onn Inielatizes object of a Class- In Cr+ Constyuctors 95 Qurematically Called When the Objeer Creates - Tr has sqme name as class ftselr. Constyuctor don't have a return type. t+ Defoutt tonstrutror (No Payamerer “Passed ) 2 Porametrined Constructor - 3B: Copy Constructor estructor In Crt | Derived class destructor wlll be |nvoked first, then the base class destruter willl be Vnvoked. Access Moaihier +] Auntic-can be accessed by any class Private > Can be accessed only by a Funetlon in a class Cfraceessibje outclae the class). Protected: Ti Cain also Inactessible ourcide the Class but Can be accessed by subclass af that class + - Nore: TF we do no Speutfy any access modifiety Inside rhe Class then by default the actess medifity for the member whn be Private + Griend class t}A Friend class can qetess pyivare and protected member’ oF other clast In Which It Ts cleclared as friend. Ex-1 Friend class B; ATut KUMAR CLINKEDIN) SULNVULUDULULL UU tbl ddddddddddddddeelocal class In C+tt]A class declared inside q function become focal to phat funuton qnd Is Called local class. All +he methods of larat class must be defined inside the class only. Vivtual Funurion and Runtime Polymorphism A Virtual Finaion tsa member Function Which is declared within @ base class Ana yeadeined (overriden) by clerived Class+ Funuon are declaved with vivtual Keyword in base class. Yt vepresent q blok OF Code phat Can throw an exception . Catch: yepresent q blot ef tode that get exetured When etToy is thyown: throtss Used te thro an exception « There is q speclat catth blouk — catch (+++) ~ Te carches au types of error- — Inline is @ vequest not command. + Tt is function that 1s expanded \n tine tonen it is Called - WWhan the Inline funuion ts Catled, Whole Cede get inserted or tubsttured at the point of Inline Function call. Iniine yeturn- type fun) » Funcdon Overloading] ts a Feature in C#+ where two OT more Funttions can have sdme name but dlfferent pavameters. void psint ( fat 1) cout co "Here te int “gefce endl; é SWUVVVULELELLEL ELE teed dd ddddddddd//yvied print ( Float i) 4 cource “Move is Float "ecice endl; + int main £ Pring (10) 5 Print (10.12) 5 > Ditfovena b)W c and Cre 2. C Supports procedural Prog. |* Ctt ts known as hybrid lenguage because fr supports born Procedural and objet oriented Programming. 2. As C does not Supports tre OOPS Cet has supports for polymorphism, concert co it hac no spotic Vavlable Ina Funurions Iavhen a variable is Aecared as static, Space for Ir get auyocated for tht UFetHme of he program ( defoult InHallzed to 0). Even Tf +e Funtrlon is coued multipre times, the spam for it fs allocated ona. NWVVUUUEELEEELELEdddddddeddddddideveLe ~~ AUOLDUODELLLLLLI DEE odbddddddded * Static Varlable in a Class: — Declared inside the class body. + Also Known ag class member variable > Static variahie doesn't belong 4o qny object, but to the cohdle class. They must be defined outside the class. = There. wohl be only one copy of static member Variable for tne Whole class. ex Class Account Private * int balance) Staric Float ror; Public? Void Setbalancs (int b) { baanu=b; } 33 HI jotialised outside class : i Float account 22 Or = 35 FS Void main { Actount at 3 + + Object Can aise be declared a¢ static. Static ActouNt at; . Staric funutton In Q class Starle member funulons qre atlowed to qeeess only +ne static 7 dara membirs et otney static member Functions. Constructors: | = Constructor is an spectol member faunetton of the clacs. It fs qutomotically invoked then qn Objeur is Creared. 3 Tt has not yeturn type - 3 Constructor has same name as Class Ptself » > TF we do not specify, then crt compiler generates a default Constructor for us+peemed | eee class_name (parameters) (const class. name Update Update Cat x, nt y ) Job} ) { a=; fa=x; h=20; bys } 3 Comptiey Qenevotes two Constructor by itself 4. Default Constructor. 2+ Copy Constructor. Rut je any of the Conshruuor is Created by USET, then default Construudr Loi) Not be Created by compiler. Construuion Overtoading can be done just like Function Overloading + Defawt(tompiier's) Copy tongrrucroy cin done only shaiiow Copy. Cfoints to same Memory location ) Deep copy_is posstble onty with user defined Constructers » In user defingd Copy construttoy, we Moe sure phat pointers of lopied Object points to Nevo memory locotion + Can wt mae copy tonstyuuor privare D? Yes. fan weomant copy _roncmacen priors Yes: WUVbobbbbbuboeuilitdddcdedddddddd deladhy argument to copy Constyuttoy Must be passed as a yereyence? Because TF we passed value, then tt Would made to Cau tory tonstruuey tokio) betome non- reminating « a u 0 a o De obja ob’ 4 Deep Copy. 4 = Deshuetey ts q member Function whith deshucts of dele an objeue — Destrurty don't take any arqument and don't have any yeturn type. 2 Onty One destructey js Possible. > Destruucr cannot ’e@ static + — Fetually destructor doesn't destyoy object, it is the last Funulon thar invoked before Objeu destroy. Le——L_] Objer Resource Destruuer is used , so mat before deleton of objet we can fre spare aiocared for pus yesourer. Ble iF odjecr gars deletion tan Spa allocated for Ober wil be fret but yesouree doesn’t: » | Operottng Overloading C++ hove the abiiity to proulde spetlod meaning ta. Operator. HPhhbbbuvebdddddddddddcceeeeer BULLEClass Complex Complex operator + Ctomplex £ C1) { Complex res; WES. Q= CAs yeseb = Crb} } + int main (9 {-) ceu4tr 3 As! +) can't add complex no's directly» $0 We ean define fundion with name + but we need write operator Keyword before t+ £0, we can use au operator IiKe shis- A Friend class qececs the private and protected members of Other class In When Tt ts declared as friend: There can be friend class and friend funuion - Ex: Class Box £ Privore: double width; Publics Friend vold Printwtdth (Bex box)> > Nold Boxz: setwidth (Roxdeuble oid) { width = wid; } \old Printusiath (Box bex) { Cout << box. width; >} fat maint ) { Box box; bex. setuidth (14); Printoidth (bex) 5 MVOLELELELLULULEC Id ddddddddddd/d/c/c%