Scribd
Upload
168 views

Lime Soda Process

The lime-soda process involves using slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and soda ash (sodium carbonate) to remove hardness from water. Hardness ions like calcium and magnesium react with the lime and soda ash to form insoluble precipitates. There are two main methods: the cold-lime process treats water at room temperature, while the hot-lime soda process heats the water first to speed up reactions. Both processes form precipitates that are then removed from the treated water.

Uploaded by

Karla Joy P. Sucgang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
168 views

Lime Soda Process

The lime-soda process involves using slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and soda ash (sodium carbonate) to remove hardness from water. Hardness ions like calcium and magnesium react with the lime and soda ash to form insoluble precipitates. There are two main methods: the cold-lime process treats water at room temperature, while the hot-lime soda process heats the water first to speed up reactions. Both processes form precipitates that are then removed from the treated water.

Uploaded by

Karla Joy P. Sucgang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Methods of Water Conditioning

Lime-Soda Process
by:
Mark Samuel CELAJES
Andrew Louie MAAGMA
Shannelle Ivan RELANO
Lime Soda Process
WHAT
IS IT?

Lime-soda process involves the use of slaked lime or


calcium hydroxide (which is the reaction of quicklime
and water) and of soda ash, Na2CO3, to remove hardness
in water.
History/Recent dates
WHAT
IS IT?

The process started out as only a lime softening which


was invented by the chemist Thomas Clark in the 1830s.
It was later then applied in 1841 to treat Thames River
water.

The application of soda ash and slaked lime to remove


water hardness has been used for a long time.

The two methods used in modern applications are the


hot lime-soda process and the cold lime procedure.
Lime Soda Process
WHAT
IS IT?

In this process, water to be softened is treated with


calculated amounts of lime Ca(OH)2 and soda ash
Na2CO3 based from the analysis of the water and
stoichiometry of the reactions. Lime is used to remove
chemicals that cause carbonate hardness. Soda ash is
used to remove chemicals that cause non-carbonate
hardness.
Lime Soda Process
WHAT
IS IT?

When lime and soda ash are added, hardness-causing minerals


form nearly insoluble precipitates. The calcium ions in water is
precipitated as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium
ions as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2).

After softening, the water will have high pH and contain the
excess lime and the magnesium hydroxide and the calcium
carbonate that did not precipitate.
Reactions Involved
WHAT
IS IT?

For Carbonate Hardness


Reactions Involved
WHAT
IS IT?

For Non-Carbonate Hardness


Cold-Lime Process
WHAT
IS IT?

In this method, water to be softened is treated with


calculated quantities of lime and soda at room temperature.
Small amounts of a coagulant such as alum, aluminum
sulphate, sodium aluminate etc., are also added. The
chemical reactions take place at a slow pace, done at room
temperature, and the hardness producing salts get
converted into insoluble precipitates which accumulate in
the form of a heavy sludge.
Cold-Lime Process
WHAT
IS IT?

The cold-lime process is particularly applicable to the


partial softening of municipal water, to the conditioning
of cooling water where calcium bicarbonate hardness
may be the scale former, and to the processing of certain
paper-mill waters where calcium bicarbonate is
troublesome.
Hot-Lime Soda Process
WHAT
IS IT?

This is employed entirely for conditioning boiler feed water.


Water is treated with softening chemicals which operates at
temperature close or at its boiling point. At this temperature, the
viscosity of water is much less than that at room temperature.
Hence, rate of aggregation of particles increases and there is
hardly any need of adding any coagulant. Finally, the dissolved
gases (Carbon Dioxide and air) are driven out.
Hot-Lime Soda Process
WHAT
IS IT?

MOREOVER, THIS TREATMENT FOR SOFTENING MAY CONSIST OF


THE FOLLOWING COORDINATED SEQUENCES:

-ANALYSIS OF THE RAW WATER


-HEATING OF THE RAW WATER BY EXHAUST STEAM
-MIXING AND PROPORTIONING OF THE LIME AND SODA
ASH IN CONFORMANCE WITH RAW-WATER ANALYSIS
-PUMPING OF THE LIME SLURRY AND SODA
-REACTION OF THE LIME AND SODA, FACILITATED BY MIXING WITH OR
WITHOUT PREVIOUS HEATING
Hot-Lime Soda Process
WHAT
IS IT?

MOREOVER, THIS TREATMENT FOR SOFTENING MAY CONSIST OF


THE FOLLOWING COORDINATED SEQUENCES:

-COAGULATION OR RELEASE OF THE "SUPERSATURATION" BY VARIOUS METHODS,


SUCH AS SLOW AGITATION OR CONTACT WITH "SEEDS" BY SLUDGE RECIRCULATION
-SETTLING OR REMOVAL OF THE PRECIPITATE WITH OR WITHOUT FILTRATION
-PUMPING AWAY OF THE SOFTENED WATER
-PERIODIC WASHING AWAY OF THE SLUDGE FROM THE CONE TANK BOTTOM
(AND FROM THE CLARIFYING FILTERS)
Equipment Used
WHAT
IS IT?

Used for
Cold Lime Process
Equipment Used
WHAT
IS IT?

Used for
Cold Lime Process
Equipment Used
WHAT
IS IT?

Used for
Hot Lime Process

You might also like