Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Basic and Applied Science
Smart Village Campus

Mathematics (4)
BA 224
Lecture No.(8).
Triple Integral and Gauss Theorem
Prepared by :
Dr. Eng. Adel Mohamed Elrefaey

1|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

Triple Integral
A triple integral is an integral of a function taken over a closed bounded, three-
dimensional region D in space. Let F be a scalar or vector function which is defined and
continuous in a volume D. Divide D into elements of volume v i (i  1, 2,..., m ) . Let Fi
be the value of F at any point Pi within v i . Then the limit:
m
lim  Fi  i ,
m 
i 1

is called the integral of F throughout D and is written as

 F dv
V

Notes:

 In Cartesian Coordinates
dv  dx dy dz

 In Cylindrical Coordinates (r , , z )

x  r cos y  r sin 

z z x 2  y 2  r2

tan   y / x

dv  rdr d  dz

 In Spherical Coordinates (  ,  , )

r   sin  z   cos 

x  r cos    sin  cos 

y  r sin    sin  sin 

x 2  y 2  r2 x 2  y 2  z 2  2

tan   y / x

dv   2 sin  d  d  d 

2|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

Example (1)

Find the total mass ( m    (x , y , z ) dV ) of the cylinder D represented by

V

D : 0  x 2  y 2  4, . z  1 If the density is given by   z 2  x 2  y 2  .

Solution:

1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
r4
m    dV   z 2
x  y
2 2
 dV    z r rdrd  dz 
2 2
 0 4 d  dz  41
z2
z d  dz
2

V V 1 0 0 1 0 0
1
16
1 1
z3
 8  z dz  16  z dz  16
2 2
 .
1 0
3 0 3

Gauss’ (Divergence) Theorem

Triple integrals can be transformed into surface integrals over the boundary surface of
a region in space and conversely. Such a transformation is of practical interest because
one of the two kinds of integral is often simpler than the other. It also helps in
establishing fundamental equations in fluid flow, heat conduction, etc.

Let D be a region in three dimensions bounded by a closed surface S, and let n denote
the unit outer normal to S at  x , y , z  . If F is a vector function having continuous
partial derivatives on D , then

 F  n dS    FdV
S V
,

that is , the flux of F over S equals the triple integral of the divergence of F over D.

Example (2)

Use the divergence theorem to find the flux of the vector field F  y 2i  z 2 j  x 2 zk
across the closed surface formed by a portion of the cylinder y 2  x 2  4 and the
planes z  0, y  0, x  0, z  1 .

3|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 y2  x2  4

Solution:

 2  2  2
F  y  z  x z x2
x y z

1  /2 2 1  /2 2

 F  n dS   x dv     x 2 rdrd  dz     cos  r 3drd  dz 

2 2

S V 0 0 0 0 0 0

1  /2 4 2 1  /2
r

0

0
cos 2 
4 0
d  dz 2
0
 1  cos 2  d  dz
0
1 1
 /2
 2   12 sin 2  0 dz    dz  
0 0

Example (3)

Use Gauss’ divergence theorem, evaluate the flux for the vector function

F   sin z  x 3  i   x 2 y  cos z  j  e x y 2
2
k ,

through the surface of the parabolic cylinder z  4x 2 and bounded by the planes
z  0, y  0, y  z  5 .

Solution:

   x 2 y 2
F 
x
 x 3  sin z  
y
 x 2 y  cos z  
z
e  4x 2

4|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 2 4x 2 5 z 2 4x 2

 F  n dS   4x dv 
2
   4x dydzdx 
2
  4x 2  5  z  dzdx
S V 2 0 0 2 0
2 2

  20x z  2x 2 z 2    48x  4x 4  2x 6  dx 
4x 2
4608
 2
dx  2
 131.7.
2
0
2
35

Ex ample (4)

Use divergence theorem, evaluate the flux for the vector F  x 3i  y 3 j  3z 2 k ,

across the closed surface S, enclosing the volume V between the two coaxial cylinders
1  x 2  y 2  4, 0  z  1

Solution:

 3  3 
F  x  y  3z 2  3(x 2  y 2 )  6z
x y z

5|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 1 2 2 1 2

   3r  6z  r drd  dz     r 4  3zr 2  d  dz
2

 F  ndS   3(x  y )  6z dV  

2 2 2 3
4
1
S V 0 0 1 0 0
1
 2   9z  454  dz  2  92 z 2  454 z   63 
1

0
0 2

6|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 Sheet # 6

Find the total mass of a mass distribution of density  in a region V in space, where

1.   x 2 y 2 z 2 , V: the cube x  1, y  1, z 1

2.   x  y  z V: the box 0  x  1, 0  y  2, 0  z  3

3.   2  x 2  y 2  V: the cylinder x 2  y 2  4, 0  z  6

4.   1  y  z 2 V: the cylinder y 2  z 2  9, 1  x  3

5.   xy V: the tetrahedron with vertices (0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (0,1, 0), (0, 0,1)

6.   1  xy V: as in problem #5

7.   sin x cos y  1 V: the box 0  x  2 , 0  y   , 0  z  4

8.   2z V: the region in the first octant bounded by

x  0, y  0, z  x 2  y 2 , 0  z  9

9.   x 2 y 2 V: 0  x  1, 1  x  y  1, 1  z  2

1
10.   V: 0  x  2, e  x  y  1, e x  z  1
yz

Using the divergence theorem, evaluate  F  n dS

S
for the following functions

11. F  e y j S: the surface of the box 0  x  3, 0  y  2, 0  z  1

  3
12. F  x i  z k
3
S:the surface of the cube x  1, y  1, z  1

13. F  x 3i  y 2 z j  z 2 x k S:the surface of the box in problem # 11

   
F  e x
i  ye x
j  3zk x2  y2  a2 , z  h
14. S:the surface of the
   
15. F  x 3 2
z i  y 3 2
z j  x 2
zk S:as in problem # 14

7|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

    
S:the surface of the x  y  4, x  0, y  0, z  1
2 2
16. F  y 2
i  z 2
j  x 2
z k

  
  S: the surface of 0  x  6, 0  y  1, 0  z  y
3
17. F 10 y j z k

   
   S:the surface of x  y  4 z , 0  z  1
3 2 2 2 2
18. F x zi xz j 3k

   
19. F  x i  2x  1yj  4zk S:the surface of x  y  z , 0  z  2
2 2 2 2

   
20. F   x  z i   y  z  j   x  y k S: x  y  z  4, z  0
2 2 2

   
21. F  x i  y j  z k S: x  y  z  4
3 3 3 2 2 2

   
22. F  x 3
i  y 3
j  3z 2 x 2
 y 
2
k S: x  y  z  9
2 2 2

  
23. F  sin xi  z1  sin 2 xk S: x  y  z, z  1 / 2
2 2 2

   
24. F  x 3
i  y 3
j  z 3
k S:as in problem # 23.

8|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

Problems Sheet (6)
1, 12)
T = Cube
|𝑥 | ≤ 1
|𝑦 | ≤ 1
|𝑍 | ≤ 1

2)
T = Box
0≤𝑥≤1
0≤𝑦≤2
0≤𝑍≤3

3)
T = Cylinder
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 ≤ 4
0≤𝑍≤6

9|Page Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

4)
T: y 2 + Z 2 ≤ 9
1≤𝑥≤3

5, 6)
T = Tetrahedron

7)

0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋
0≤𝑦≤𝜋
0≤𝑍≤4

10 | P a g e Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

8)
T: Z = x 2 + y 2
𝑥≥0
𝑦≥0
0≤𝑍≤9

11, 13)
Box
𝑆: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
0≤𝑦≤2
0≤𝑍≤1

14, 15)
S: x 2 + y 2 ≤ 𝑎2
|𝑍 | ≤ ℎ

11 | P a g e Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

16)
S: x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4
𝑥≥0
𝑦≥0
|𝑍 | ≤ 1

17)
𝑆: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6
0≤𝑦≤1
0≤𝑍≤𝑦

18)
S: x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4𝑍 2
0≤𝑍≤1

12 | P a g e Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

19)
S: x 2 + y 2 ≤ 𝑍 2
0≤𝑍≤2

20)
S: x 2 + y 2 + 𝑍 2 = 4
𝑍≥0

21)
S: x 2 + y 2 + 𝑍 2 = 4

13 | P a g e Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

22)
S: x 2 + y 2 + 𝑍 2 = 9

23, 24)
S: x 2 + y 2 ≤ 𝑍
1
|𝑍 | ≤
2

14 | P a g e Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

 Solution of some sheet problems

 Mass m    dv
R

Where   x, y, z  the density of material

 Gauss’ (Divergence) theorem

 F  n ds     F  dv   div  F  dv

s D D

1- x  1, y  1, z  1

Find mass   x 2 y 2 z 2
1 1 1
m  8 x
2
y 2 z 2dxdydz
0 0 0

1 1 1
x3 y 3 z 3 8
 8  unit mass
3 0 3 0 3 0 27

12- Using div. theorem, evaluate  F  n ds

s

F  x3iˆ  z 3kˆ S: Cube in Problem 1

  F  3x 2  3z 2

 F  n ds     Fdv   3x  3z 2 dv

2

s v v

   3x 
1 1 1
 8 2
 3z 2 dydxdz
0 0 0

 
1 1 1
8 3 x 2  3 z 2 y dxdz
0 0 0

 
1 1
 8 x 3  3 z 2 dz
0 0

 
1
 8 1  3z 2 dz  8  z  z 3   16
1

0 0

15 | P a g e Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

3- Find mass   2  x 2  y 2 

Cylindrical coordinates

x  r cos , y  r sin  , dv  rdrd dz , x 2  y 2  r 2

m   2 x 2  y 2 dv  
dv

6 2 2
   2r 2  rdrd dz
0 0 0

2
r4 1 4
 0 z 0   2   2 * 6  96
2 6
2
4 0 2

5- Tetrahedron
  xy
1 1 x 1 x  y 
m   xydzdydx
0 0 0

1 1 x
  xy 1  x  y  dydx
0 0

1 x 
  y2 y3
1
 xx 2
x dx
0 2 3 0

11 3


0 2
 2 x
   x  x 2 1  x   1  x   dx
3 



1 1

6 0
3 1 1
x 1  x  dx   x  3x 2  3x3  x 4 dx
6 0
 
1
1  x2 3 4 x5  1
  x  x   
3

6 2 4 5  0 120

18- F  x3 ziˆ  xz 2 ˆj  3k

  F  3x 2 z  0  0

 F  n ds     F  dv
s v

16 | P a g e Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey

Using cylindrical coordinates

x  r cos , y  r sin  , dv  rdrd dz , z 2  x2  y2  r 2

2 1 1
I    r  3r
2
cos 2  zdzdrd
0 0 r

1
2 1 z2
 0 3r cos   2 drd
3 2
0
r

2
3 1  1 3 5
   sin 2
2  2 4
 
 0 r  r dr
0 
1
3  r4 r6  
    
4  4 6 0 8

23- F  sin 2 xiˆ  z 1  sin 2 x  kˆ

  F  2sin x cos x  1  sin 2 x   1

 F  n ds     F  dv
s v

1 1
2
    1 rdzdrd
0 0
2 2
r2

1
2
  d 
1/2
2 rz r 2 dr
0 0

1/ 2
2 1/ 2  r 3  r 2 r 4 
 0  0    r  dr  2 
 2   4
 
4 0

2  1 1  
   
4  2 4 8

17 | P a g e Math (4) Lec.No.(8) Dr Adel Elrefaey