DAILY SCIENCE LESSON PLAN

GRADE LEVEL LEARNING AREA/ QUARTER / DOMAIN DATE PAGE NO.

11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

K: Identify the nature of organization and types of organizational
structures.
I. OBJECTIVES S: Analyze the nature of organization and explain the three
common types of organizational structure.
A: Appreciate the importance of organization analysis and design
in determining the appropriate hierarchical structure of the
company.
A. Content
Standards
B. Performance
Standards
C. Learning Analyze the nature of organization and types of organization structures
Competencies/ (ABM_AOM11-Ih-j15-16)
Objectives

II. CONTENT VALENCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION THEORY

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide
pages
2. Learner’s
Materials pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional
Materials from
Learning
Resource (LR)
portal
Department of Education, Philippines. Senior High School Self
B. Other Learning Learning Kit for Physical Science.
Resources http://misterguch.brinkster.net/PRA024.pdf
https://youtu.be/r2XmaiEC0Vw
IV. PROCEDURES
ELICIT
Review question:
A. Reviewing  What is a Lewis dot structure and how does it represent the
previous lesson bonding in a molecule?
or presenting the  How do you determine the total number of valence electrons
new lesson in a molecule?
 What is the octet rule and how does it apply to Lewis dot
structures?
B. Establishing a ENGAGE
purpose for the  Introduce the topic of VSEPR Theory by asking the students
lesson if they have ever heard of it before.
 Ask the students what they know about the structure of a
C. Presenting
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11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

examples/instanc molecule.
es of the new  Use a whiteboard or chalkboard to draw a simple molecule
lesson and label the different parts of the molecule.
D. Discussing new EXPLORE
concepts and  The teacher will show a video clip about the VSEPR theory.
practicing new  Explain that VSEPR Theory is a way of predicting the shape
skills #1 of a molecule based on the electron pairs surrounding the
central atom.
 Demonstrate the concept of electron pair repulsion and how
E. Discussing new it determines the shape of a molecule.
concepts and  Use the periodic table to demonstrate the valence electrons
practicing new of different elements.
skills #2  Demonstrate how to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for
different elements.
F. Developing EXPLAIN
mastery (leads to  Define VSEPR Theory in detail.
Formative The VSEPR theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair
Assessment 3) Repulsion theory)
 is a molecular geometry model used to predict the
three-dimensional shape of a molecule based on the
number of valence electron pairs surrounding the
central atom.
 The theory is based on the principle that electron
pairs in the valence shell of an atom repel each other
and try to get as far apart as possible to minimize
repulsion, which results in a specific molecular
shape.
 According to the VSEPR theory, the first step in
determining the molecular geometry of a molecule is
to count the number of valence electron pairs around
the central atom.
 This includes both bonding pairs (shared between
two atoms) and lone pairs (not involved in bonding).
Once the total number of electron pairs is known, the
geometry of the molecule can be predicted by
minimizing the repulsion between them.
 The VSEPR theory predicts the following molecular
geometries based on the number of electron pairs around
the central atom:
1. Linear: Two electron pairs with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
2. Trigonal Planar: Three electron pairs with a bond angle of 120
degrees.
3. Tetrahedral: Four electron pairs with a bond angle of 109.5
degrees.
4. Trigonal Bipyramidal: Five electron pairs with bond angles of
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11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

90 and 120 degrees.

5.Octahedral: Six electron pairs with bond angles of 90 degrees.
 The VSEPR theory also predicts the shape of molecules
with lone pairs.
 The presence of lone pairs affects the bond angles, which
results in different molecular shapes.
 For example, if there are three bonding pairs and one lone
pair, the molecular shape will be trigonal pyramidal with a
bond angle of less than 109.5 degrees.
 In summary, the VSEPR theory is a powerful tool that
predicts the shape of a molecule based on the number of
valence electron pairs around the central atom. This helps
to understand the physical and chemical properties of
molecules and their reactivity.
 Explain how to count the number of valence electrons
in an atom or compound.
 Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of
an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.
 The valence electrons are important because they
determine the chemical properties of an atom and how it will
bond with other atoms.
 Here are the steps to count the number of valence electrons
in an atom or compound:

1.Determine the group number of the element. The group

number is the number of the column on the periodic table
where the element is located. For example, group 1
contains elements like lithium and sodium, while group 2
contains elements like magnesium and calcium.

2.Count the number of valence electrons in the

outermost shell. For elements in groups 1 and 2, the
number of valence electrons is equal to the group number.
For example, lithium in group 1 has one valence electron,
and calcium in group 2 has two valence electrons.

3.For elements in groups 3-12 (transition metals), the

valence electrons are in the outermost d and s orbitals.
To count the number of valence electrons for these
elements, you need to look at the electron configuration. For
example, iron (Fe) has the electron configuration of [Ar] 3d6
4s2. The valence electrons are in the 4s and 3d orbitals, so
the number of valence electrons is 2 + 6 = 8.

4.For compounds, add up the number of valence

 DAILY SCIENCE LESSON PLAN
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11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

electrons for each atom. For example, in water (H2O), the

two hydrogen atoms each have one valence electron, and
the oxygen atom has six valence electrons. So, the total
number of valence electrons in water is 2 + 6 = 8.

 In summary, to count the number of valence electrons in an

atom or compound, you need to determine the group
number of the element and add up the number of valence
electrons for each atom in the compound. Knowing the
number of valence electrons is essential for understanding
how atoms bond to form molecules and how they interact
with each other chemically.

 Explain how to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for

different compounds.
 The Lewis dot structure is a way of representing the
bonding and non-bonding electrons in a molecule.
 Here are the general steps to draw the Lewis dot structure
for different compounds:
1.Determine the total number of valence electrons in the
molecule. For example, in water (H2O), there are 2 valence
electrons for each hydrogen atom and 6 valence electrons
for the oxygen atom, so the total number of valence
electrons is 2x2 + 6 = 10.

2.Identify the central atom in the molecule. This is

usually the least electronegative element in the compound
or the one that forms the most bonds. In water, the central
atom is oxygen.

3.Draw a single bond between the central atom and

each of the surrounding atoms. In water, there is a single
bond between the oxygen atom and each of the hydrogen
atoms.

4.Arrange the remaining electrons around the atoms to

satisfy the octet rule, which means that each atom (except
for hydrogen) should have 8 electrons around it. Place the
electrons around the atoms in pairs until there are no more
electrons left. In water, there are 8 electrons around the
oxygen atom (2 in each bond and 2 lone pairs) and 2
electrons around each hydrogen atom.

5.Check that all atoms have a full outer shell of

electrons. If any atoms do not have 8 electrons around
 DAILY SCIENCE LESSON PLAN
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11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

them, you can move a lone pair of electrons from an

adjacent atom to form a double or triple bond. This is known
as resonance. In water, the Lewis dot structure is complete
with all atoms having a full outer shell of electrons, so there
is no need for resonance.

6. Finally, determine the formal charge on each

atom in the molecule to make sure the Lewis dot
structure is the most stable arrangement of electrons.
The formal charge is the difference between the number of
valence electrons in the free atom and the number of
electrons assigned to the atom in the molecule. A stable
Lewis dot structure is one where the formal charges on the
atoms are minimized.

 In summary, drawing the Lewis dot structure for different

compounds involves determining the total number of
valence electrons, identifying the central atom, arranging the
electrons around the atoms to satisfy the octet rule,
checking for resonance, and calculating the formal charges
to ensure stability.

 Explain how to determine the shape of a molecule using

VSEPR Theory.
 The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion)
theory is used to predict the shape of a molecule based on
the number of valence electrons around the central atom
and the repulsion between electron pairs.

 Here are the general steps to determine the shape of a

molecule using VSEPR Theory:
1.Draw the Lewis dot structure for the molecule to determine
the number of valence electrons around the central atom.

2.Identify the number of electron pairs (bonded and non-

bonded) around the central atom. Count each lone pair of
electrons as one electron pair.

3.Determine the electron pair geometry by arranging the

electron pairs around the central atom as far apart as
possible to minimize repulsion. The electron pair geometry
is determined by the number of electron pairs and not the
number of atoms. For example, in a molecule with the
formula AB3, the electron pair geometry is trigonal planar,
even though there are only three atoms around the central
 DAILY SCIENCE LESSON PLAN
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11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

atom.

4.Determine the molecular geometry by taking into account

the positions of the atoms and the lone pairs of electrons.
The molecular geometry is the shape of the molecule as it
appears in three-dimensional space. The molecular
geometry may be the same as the electron pair geometry if
there are no lone pairs of electrons, but if there are lone
pairs of electrons, the molecular geometry will be different.

5.Determine the bond angles between the atoms in the

molecule. The bond angles are determined by the positions
of the atoms and the lone pairs of electrons.

 Here are some examples of molecular geometries using

VSEPR Theory:
1.In water (H2O), the central atom is oxygen with two lone
pairs of electrons and two hydrogen atoms. The electron
pair geometry is tetrahedral, and the molecular geometry is
bent with a bond angle of approximately 104.5 degrees.

2.In carbon dioxide (CO2), the central atom is carbon with

two oxygen atoms. There are no lone pairs of electrons
around the central atom. The electron pair geometry is
linear, and the molecular geometry is also linear with a bond
angle of 180 degrees.

3.In methane (CH4), the central atom is carbon with four

hydrogen atoms. There are no lone pairs of electrons
around the central atom. The electron pair geometry is
tetrahedral, and the molecular geometry is also tetrahedral
with bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees.
G. Finding practical ELABORATE
applications of  Distribute the VSEPR Theory worksheet.
concepts and  Instruct the students to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for
skills in daily
different compounds and predict the shape of the
living
molecule using VSEPR Theory.
H. Making
generalizations  Walk around the classroom to provide assistance and
and abstractions answer any questions.
about the lesson
 DAILY SCIENCE LESSON PLAN
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11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

 Ask the students to turn in their completed worksheets.

 Review the worksheets to assess the students'
understanding of the topic.
I. Evaluating EVALUATE
learning  The teacher will administer a short quiz to check whether
the learners learned from the topic.
1. What does VSEPR stand for?
a) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
b) Valence State Electron Pair Repulsion
c) Van der Waals Electron Pair Repulsion
d) Virtual State Electron Pair Repulsion
2.What is the main factor that determines the shape of a molecule
according to VSEPR theory?
a) The number of atoms in the molecule
b) The type of atoms in the molecule
c) The number and arrangement of electron pairs around the
central atom
d) The bond strengths between atoms in the molecule
3. What is electron pair geometry in VSEPR theory?
a) The shape of the molecule as determined by the
 DAILY SCIENCE LESSON PLAN
GRADE LEVEL LEARNING AREA/ QUARTER / DOMAIN DATE PAGE NO.
11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

positions of the atoms

b) The shape of the molecule as determined by the
positions of the electron pairs around the central atom
c) The number of lone pairs of electrons around the central
atom
d) The type of bond between the central atom and the other
atoms in the molecule
4. What is molecular geometry in VSEPR theory?
a) The shape of the molecule as determined by the
positions of the atoms
b) The shape of the molecule as determined by the
positions of the electron pairs around the central atom
c) The number of lone pairs of electrons around the central
atom
d) The type of bond between the central atom and the other
atoms in the molecule
5. What is the bond angle in a molecule?
a) The angle between the central atom and a neighboring
atom in the molecule
b) The angle between two lone pairs of electrons around the
central atom
c) The angle between two bonded atoms in the molecule
d) The angle between the central atom and a lone pair of
electrons
6. Which molecule has a linear molecular geometry?
a) H2O b) CO2 c) NH3 d) CH4
7. Which molecule has a trigonal planar electron pair
geometry?
a) H2O b) CO2 c) NH3 d) BF3
8. Which molecule has a tetrahedral molecular geometry?
a) H2O b) CO2 c) NH3 d) CH4
9. Which molecule has a bent molecular geometry?
a) CO2 b) BF3 c) H2O d) CH4
10. Which type of electron pair is more likely to affect the
molecular geometry of a molecule in VSEPR theory?
a) Bonding pairs
b) Non-bonding (lone) pairs
c) Both types of electron pairs have equal influence
d) None of the above
EXTEND
11. Additional
 Discuss the significance of VSEPR Theory in predicting the
activities for
chemical properties of elements and compounds.
application or
 Ask the students to research and present a real-world
remediation
application of VSEPR Theory.
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
 DAILY SCIENCE LESSON PLAN
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11 SCIENCE QUARTER 3-PHYSICAL SCIENCE February 28, 2024

A. No. of learners who earned 80% in the evaluation

B. No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation
C. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have caught up
with the lesson
D. No. of learners who continue to require remediation
E. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did this work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or supervisor can
help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I wish
to share with other teachers?

Prepared by:

MA. JESSIBEL C. MINGUITA

Student Teacher

Submitted to:

CHADIE C RAMIREZ
Cooperating Teacher

Noted by:

BONIFACIO M. DECOY
Head Teacher III