Boxing

• a sport in which two opponents wearing gloves fight each other with their fists (English boxing) or with their fists and feet
(French boxing) following a code of rules.

Ancient Rome
• In ancient Rome boxers often wore the cestus, a metal-studded leather hand covering with which they hurt and even killed
their opponents, sometimes as part of gladiatorial spectacles.
• The sport declined in popularity after the fall of the Roman Empire.

18th century
• Boxing was revived in London in the form of bare-knuckle prizefights in which the contestants fought for money and the
spectators made wagers on the outcome.

1719-1743
• The first boxer to be recognized as a Heavyweight Champion was James Figg in 1719.
• In 1743 a later Champion, John Broughton, formulated a set of Rules standardizing some practices and eliminating others,
such as;
• hitting opponents when they are down
• seizing opponents by the hair.

19th century
Queensberry Rules came into use. These Rules were drafted in 1857 by a boxer, John Graham Chambers, under the auspices of John
Sholto Douglas, 8th Marquis of Queensberry. Emphasizing boxing skill rather than wrestling and agility over strength, the
Queensberry Rules helped to undo the popular image of boxing as a savage, brutal brawl.

Broughton’s Rules
• A downed man was allowed 30 seconds to square off at a distance of 1yd (90cm) from the opponent, aided by handlers if
necessary.
• If the boxer failed to square off, the fighter was considered beaten.

Queensberry Rules
• Matches were divided into 3-minute rounds with 1-minute intervals of rest between them.
• Contestant who remained down, either recumbent or on one knee, after 10 seconds lost the match.
• The Rules also stipulated that the match be conducted in a roped-in square, called a ring, measuring 24ft (7.3m) on aside.

Different Versions of Boxing

• Ancient Greek boxing (Pygmachia)
• Russian Fist Fighting (Kulachniy Boy)
• Bare-Knuckle Boxing (Pugilism)
• Amateur (Olympic) Boxing
• Professional Boxing

The Ring
is a square podium that is surrounded by stretched ropes and measures from 18 to 22 ft on the inside of the ropes; the boxing bout
takes place on it.

• Stairs - Structural component for accessing the ring.

• Apron - Part of the ring that is outside the ropes; the floor of the ring is about 3 ft high and must extend beyond the ropes by at
least 18 in.
• Canvas - Covering for breaking falls that is made of flexible material and is about .5 in thick; a canvas is stretched on it.
• Corner - Angle formed by the intersection of the ropes; the red and blue corners are reserved for the boxers, the other two are
neutral.
• Ringside - Area surrounding the ring.
• Ring Post - Pole located at the four corners of the ring that supports and stretches the ropes.
• Corner Stool - Corner seat on which the boxer sits during breaks.
• Corner Pad - Padded layer covering the posts to prevent injuries.
• Turnbuckle - Metal part that is covered with padded matting and stretches the ropes around the ring.
• Rope - Grouping of threads forming a cable 1 to 2 in thick that stretches between posts to delimit the ring.
The Boxer
an athlete who practices boxing; boxers are classified into weight categories.
• Heavyweight
• Light heavyweight
• Middleweight
• Welterweight
• Lightweight
• Featherweight
• Bantamweight
• Flyweight

Protective Gears
• Boxing trunks - Shorts coming down to mid-thigh.
• Headgear - Rigid piece of equipment that protects the head especially during training and in Olympic boxing.
• Glove - Padded covering for the hand and wrist to dampen the impact of punching.
• Protective Cup - Molded plastic equipment that protects an athlete’s genitals.
• Boxing Gloves - The gloves are provided by the organizers before the bout.
• Lace - Narrow cord that passes through the glove’s eyelets to tighten it around the hand and wrist.
• Mouthpiece - Protective device for the boxer’s teeth that is placed between the cheeks and teeth during a fight.
• Bandage - Band of soft fabric (gauze) that is wrapped around the hand underneath the glove; it protects the hand against
fractures and supports the wrist.

OFFICIATING OFFICIALS
• Physician - Person who treats the boxers in the event of injury; a doctor’s presence is mandatory and this individual may end a
fight in the event of serious injury.
• Judge - One of the three or five officials who evaluate the performances; they score the boxers and pick the winner.
• Timekeeper - Official who controls the number of breaks and rounds and their duration by ringing a gong or bell, except in the
case of a knockout.
• Referee - Official who enforces the rules and directs the fight in the ring; after the bout, these individual collects and checks
the judges’ scores.
• Second Trainer - Person who assists a boxer and ministers to him between rounds.
• Trainer - Person who supervises the boxer’s training and is present during contests to coach the boxer on strategy

BASIC PUNCHES
• Jab - is the beginner punch that you'll likely start with practically every boxing class. It's also referred to as "one" when calling
out combos.
• Cross - or a number "two" punch is a powerful straight punch thrown across the body originating from the dominant hand. The
cross is an effective knockout blow that can be utilized in many situations.
• Hook - Punches 'three' and 'four' are typically your right hook and left hook. The hook is arguably one of the most effective
punches in the sport of boxing.
• Uppercut - Punches 'five' and 'six' are also called your left and right uppercuts. In this close-range move, imagine you are
landing a powerful punch underneath your opponent's chin.
• SLIP - The slip is an effective defensive head movement intended to get you out of the path of an oncoming straight punch from
your opponent. Slipping can cause your opponent to miss their punch while, in turn, putting your body in balance for a counter
punch.
• ROLL - The roll is another effective defensive movement used to avoid your opponent's hooks by bending your knees and
shifting the weight from the lead side to the backside, and vice versa.

“You’ll never know how strong you are, until being strong is your only choice”