Continuity 1 JSGC
Continuity 1 JSGC
Com
f ( x) = í .
at x = -1. 16. Let î ax x < 0
For what value of ‘a’, is f
2. Examine the continuity of the function continuous at 0?
1
f ( x) = , x Î R. æ 21/ x ö
x+3 Lt+ çç 1/ x ÷
3. Give an example of a function which is continuous at
x®0
è 2 + 1 ÷ø
17. Evaluate .
x = 1, but not differentiable at x = 1. p
x= .
4. State the points of discontinuity for the function 18. Let f ( x ) = [sin x ]. Is f continuous at 2
f ( x) = [ x], in - 3 < x < 3.
ì3x + 5, if x ³ 2
f ( x) = í 2 .
ì x 3 + 3, if x ¹ 0 î x , if x < 2 Is f is continuous
f ( x) = í 19. Let
î 1, if x = 0 at x = 2 ?
5. Show that the function is
not continuous at x = 0. 20. Find the value of k if the function f defined below is
6. Discuss the continuity of the function defined by ì3x - 8, if x £ 5
x = 5 : f ( x) = í .
1 î 2 k , if x > 5
f ( x) = , x ¹ 0. continuous at
x 1
7. Find the point of discontinuity if any for the function f ( x) = .
21. Given x + 2 Write down the set of points of
1
f ( x) =
x -5 . discontinuity of f (f ( x).
22. Write down the domain of continuity of the function
ì x, if x £ 1
f ( x) = í f ( x) = x x .
8. Is the function f defined by î5, if x > 1 ,
æ1ö
continuous at x = 0 ? at x = 1 ? at x = 2 ?
f ( x) = x cosç ÷
23. Let è x ø for x ¹ 0. Write down the
log(1 + x)
Lt value of f (0) if f is continuous at x = 0.
9. Evaluate x®0 sin x
24. Write down the domain of continuity of f ( x) = e .
x
x+ x
f ( x) =
10. Let x for x ¹ 0 and let f (0) = 0. Is f Lt ( x x ).
x®2-
25. Evaluate
continuous at 0 ?
ì 2 x+2 - 16
11. Let f ( x) = sin x cos x. Write down the set of points of ï
f ( x) = í 4 x - 16 for x ¹ 2
discontinuity of f . ï for x = 2
26. Let îk . What is the value
12. Write the set of points of discontinuity of the signum
function. of k if f is continuous at x = 2.
Li x(-1)[1/ x ] , 27. Define continuity of a function at a point.
28. What happens to a function f (x) at x = a, if
13. Write down the value of x®0 if it exists.
Here. [ ] stands for the greatest integer function.
lim f ( x) = f (a) ?
æ e1/ x ö x®a
Lt- çç ÷.
1/ x ÷ x
x®0 1 + e
14. Evaluate è ø f ( x) =
29. Find f (0), so that 1 - 1 - x becomes
ì æ1ö
ï x sinç ÷, x ¹ 0 continuous at x = 0.
f ( x) = í è xø .
ïî 0 x=0
15. Let Is f continuous at 0?
ì x ì(cos x)1/ x , x ¹ 0
ï , x¹0 f ( x) = í
f ( x) = í sin 3x x=0
ïî k , x = 0 is continuous at x = 0, 39. If the function î k
is
30. If
continuous at x = 0 , then what is the value of k ?
then write the value of k.
sin 10 x 1 - sin x
f ( x) = , x¹0 f ( x) = ,
31. If the function x is continuous at 40. If (p - 2 x ) 2
when x ¹ p / 2 and
x = 0, find f (0). f (p / 2) = l then f (x) will be continuous function
ì x 2 - 16 at x = p / 2 , where what is the value of l ?
ï x¹4
f ( x) = í x - 4 , if ì sin 3x
ï x=4 ï , x¹0
32. If î k , if is continuous at f ( x) = í x
x = 4. find k. k
ï , x=0
ì sin x 2 41. The function î 2 is continuous at
ï x¹0
f ( x) = í x , x = 0, then what is the value of k.
ï
î 0, x=0
33. Determine whether is 2 x - sin -1 x
f ( x) =
continuous at x = 0 or not. 42. If the function , 2 x + tan -1 x , is continuous at
ì1 - cos x
ï , x¹0 each point of its domain, then the value of f (0) is
f ( x) = í x 2
ïî k , 43. What is the value of b for which the function,
x = 0 is continuous at x = 0,
34. If ì 5 x - 4, 0 < x £1
write the value of k. f ( x) = í 2
ì sin -1 x î4 x + 3bx, 1 < x < 2 , is continuous at every
ï
f ( x) = í x , x ¹ 0 point its domain.
ï x=0
is continuous at x = 0,
î k, 44. If the function
35. If
ì log(1 + 3x) - log(1 - 2 x)
write the value of k. ï , x¹0
f ( x) = í x
36. Write the value of b for which
ï
î k , x = 0 , is
ì 5x - 4 0 < x <1
f ( x) = í 2
î4 x + 3bx 1 < x < 2 is continuous at x = 1. continuous at x = 0, then what is the value of k .
ì sin(cos x) - cos x p
37. If
ï , x¹ `
ï (p - 2 x) 2
2
ì 1 - sin x log sin x p f ( x) = í
ï . , x¹ p
ï ï
f ( x) = í (p - 2 x) log(1 + p - 4px + 4 x ) x=
2 2 2
2 ï k,
p 45. If î 2 , is continuous
ï k, x=
ï
î 2 at x = p / 2 , then what is the value of k.
is continuous at x = p / 2 , then what is the value of k? 46. Find k, so that the function,
ì log(1 + ax) - log(1 - bx) ì x - 25
2
ï
ï
f ( x) = í
, x¹0 f ( x) = í x - 5 , if x ¹ 5
x
ïî , x = 0 , and ï if x = 5
38. If
k î k, , is continuous at x = 5
f (x) is continuous at x = 0, then what is the value 47. Find the value of k, so that the function ,
of k ? ìkx2 , if x ³ 1
f ( x) = í
î 4, if x < 1 , is continuous at x = 1.
48. For what value of k, is the following function continuous 54. Find the points of discontinuity of the function f given by
at x = 2 ? ì x + 3, if x £ -3
ï
ì2 x + 1, if x<2 f ( x) = í - 2 x, if -3< x < 3
ï ï 6 x + 2 if
f ( x) = í k , if x=2 î x³3
ï 3x - 1 if x>2
î 55. Find the value of a for which the function f defined by,
ì 1 - sin x 3
p ì p
ï 3 cos 2 x m if x< ïa sin 2 ( x + 1), x £ 0
ï 2 f ( x) = í
ï p tan x - sin x
f ( x) = í a, if x= ï , x>0
2 î x3 is continuous at
ï
ï b(1 - sin x) , if p x = 0.
x>
ï
î (p - 2 x)
2
2 56. Find the values of a and b such that the function defined
49. Let , If f (x)
by
p
x= ì 5, if x£2
be a continuous function at 2 , find a and b. ï
f ( x) = íax + b if 2 < x < 10
50. Discuss the continuity of the following function at
ï 21, if x ³ 10
ì x 4 + 2 x3 + x 2 î is a continuous
ï x¹0
x = 0 : f ( x) = í tan -1 x , function.
ï
î 0, x=0 57. Find the relationship between a and b so that the
51. Determine the constant a and b , such that the function, function f defined by
ìax 2 + b, if x>2 ì ax + 1, if x £ 3
f ( x) = í
ï îbx + 3, if x > 3
f ( x) = í 2, if x=2 is continuous at x =
ï2ax - b, if x<2 58. 3.
Find the value of k such that the function f defined by
î , is continuous.
ì k cos x p
52. Determine the values of a, b and c for which the ï p - 2 x , if x ¹ 2
f ( x) = í
function p
ï 3, if x =
ì sin(a + 1) x + sin x î 2 is
ï , if x<0
ï p
ï x x= .
f ( x) = í c, if x=0 continuous at 2
ï x + bx 2 - x 59. Find the value of k so that the function f defined by
ï , if x>0
ï
î b x3 ìkx + 1, if x £ p
,may be f ( x) = í
continuous at x = 0. î cos x, if x > p is continuous at
53. Show that that the function f defined as follows, is x =p .
continuous at x = 2, but not differentiable thereat 60. For what value of l is the function defined by
ì 3x - 2, 0 < x £ 1 ìl ( x 2 - 2 x), if x £ 0
ï f ( x) = í
f ( x) = í2 x 2 - x, 1 < x £ 2
ï 5 x - 4, x > 2 î 4 x + 1, if x > 0
continuous at
î x = 0?
ì ì sin x + cos x
x
, if x ¹ 0 ï , if x ¹ 0
ï f ( x) = í x
f ( x) = í x + 2 x 2
ï
î k, if x = 0
ïî k, if x = 0 continuous
65. Prove that function at x = 0?
is discontinuous at x = 0. regardless of the value
74. Show that f ( x) = x
2
is continuous at every real
of k. f ( x) = x - b
66. Examine the continuity of the function number a.
at x = b. ì 1, if x > 0
3x + 4 tan x f ( x) = í
f ( x) = 75. Show that the function î- 1, if x < 0 is
67. Is the function x continuous at
x = 0 ? not, should we define the function to make it discontinuous at x = 0.
77. Examine the continuity of the 87. Show that the sec x is a continuous function except
ì sin x p
ï x = (2 x + 1)
f ( x) = í x , x ¹ 0
,
2 where n is an integer.
ïî 1, x=0 88. Locate the point of discontinuity of the function
function, , at x = 0.
ì x 3 - x 2 + 2 x - 2, if x ¹ 1
78. Discuss the continuity of the function f (x) defined by f ( x) = í
ì x 2 , when x < -2 î 4, if x = 1
.
ï
f ( x) = í 4, when - 2 £ x £ 2 89. Discuss the continuity of the function f (x) at x = ½,
ï x , when x>2 where
î
ì1 / 2 - x ; 0 £ x < 1 / 2
ì2 x, if x<2 ï
ï f ( x) = í 1 ; x = 1/ 2
f ( x) = í 2, if x=2 ï3 / 2 - x ; 1 / 2 < x £ 1
ï x 2 , if x>2 î
79. Show that the function, î has
90. Discuss the continuity of the function f (x) given by
a removable discontinuity at x = 2.
ì 2 - x, x < 2
ì 3ax + b, if x >1 f ( x) = í
ï
f ( x) = í 11, if x =1 î2 + x, x ³ 2 at x = 2.
ï5ax - 2b, if x <1 ì 5 x - 4, when 0 < x £ 1
80. If î is continuous at x = f ( x) = í 3
1, find the values of a and b. 91. Show that î4 x - 3x, when 1 < x < 2 is
ì1 - cos x continuous at x = 1.
ï , x¹0
f (x) = í x 2 92. Determine the value of k for which the following
ïî 1, x=0 function is continuous at x = 3.
81. Show that the function is
ì x2 - 9
ï
f ( x) = í x - 3 , x ¹ 3
discontinuous at x = 0.
82. Show that the function
ïî k , x=3
ì sin x
ï + cos x, x ¹ 0 93. Find the value of the constant l so that the function
f ( x) = í x
ï
î 2, x=0 given below is continuous at x = -1.
is discontinuous at x
= 0. ì x2 - 2x - 3
ï
f ( x) = í x + 1 , x ¹ -1
ì 1
ï x cos , x ¹ 0 ï
î l, x = -1
f ( x) = í x
ï
î 0, x=0 94. If the function f (x) defined by
83. Show that the function is
continuous at x = 0. ì log(1 + ax) - log(1 - bx)
ï , if x ¹
ìï 1 f ( x) = í x
( x - x ), x ¹ 0 ï
î k, lif x = 0
f ( x) = í 2
ïî 2, x=0 is continuous at x = 0, find k.
84. Show that the function
95. Prove that the greatest integer function [x] is continuous
is discontinuous at x = 0.
at all points except at integer points.
ì x, if x ³ 1
f ( x) = í 2
85. Show that î x , if x < 1 is continuous.
ï
î k, if x = 0 log(1 + x)
continuous at x = 0. Lt
134. Find the value of k for which (iv) x®0 sin x
ì x2 - 2x - 3 143. Evaluate the following limits :
ï
f ( x) = í x + 1 , x ¹ -1 e x - e- x - 2 2x -1
ï Lt Lt
î k, x = -1 x2 x®0 1 + x -1
is (i) x®0 (ii)
continuous at x = -1. 144. Evaluate the following limits :
f ( x) = x a3x - 1 log( x - 3)
135. Show that is continuous. Lt Lt
136. Show that the function (i) x®0 sin 3x (ii) x®4 x - 4
ì sin x
ï , where x ¹ 0
f ( x) = í x esin x - 1 esin x - 1
Lt
ïî 2, when x = 0 Lt x®0 log(1 + x)
is continuous at (iii) x®0 x (iv)
each point except x = 0. x(2 x - 1) log x - 1
f ( x) = sin x + cos x Lt Lt
137. Show that the function is 145. Evaluate (i) x®0 1 - cos x (ii) x®e x-e
continuous at x = p . 146. Evaluate the following limits :
138. Discuss the continuity of the function log( 3 + x) - log( 3 - x) log(1 + 2 x)
Lt Lt
f ( x) = x + x - 1 (i) x®0 x (ii) x®0 3x - 1
, in the interval [-1, 2].
147. Evaluate the following limits :
ì 1 , if x £ 3 x +3
ï
f ( x) = íax + b , if 3 < x < 5 Lt (1 + 2 x) x
(i) x®0 (ii)
ï 7 if x ³ 5
139. Let î ,
, Find a -a
cot x cos x
Lt , a > 0, a ¹ 1 ex -1 - x - x2
the values of a and b so that f (x) is continuous. x®
p cot - cos x Lt
2 (iii) x®0 x2
f ( x) = x + x - 1 cot x
140. Prove that the function is not ì æp öü
differentiable at x = 0 and x = 1. Lt ítanç + x ÷ý
x®0
î è4 øþ
f ( x) = x - 5 (iv)
141. Show that is continuous but not 148. Discuss the continuity of the following functions:
differentiable of x = 5. ì1 - cos x
ï , x¹0
f ( x) = í x 2
ïî 1, x = 0 at x = 0
(i)
ì x2 , x £ 0
f ( x) = í
(ii) î1 - x, x > 0 at x = 0.
149. (i) Let ‘f ’ be the function defined by 154. Examine for continuity the following functions:
4+ x -2 ì x if x ¹ 0
f ( x) = ,x ¹ 0 f ( x) = í
x . What choice, if any, of f (0) (i) î1 if x = 0
will make it continuous at x = 0 ? ì x
ï , x¹0
ì x 3 + x 2 - 16 x + 20 f ( x) = í x
ï , x¹2 ïî 0, x = 0
f ( x) = í ( x - 2) 2 (ii)
ïî k, x = 2 is
(ii) If ì x 2 if x>0
continuous at x = 2, find the value of k. f ( x) = í
î x if x£0
150. (i) For what value of k, is the function (iii)
ì sin 5 x 155. Locate the points of discontinuity of the following
ï , if x ¹ 0
f ( x) = í 3 x functions :
ïî k , if x = 0 ì x 4 - 16
ï
f ( x) = í x - 2 , x ¹ 2
continuous at x = 0?
2 cos x - 1 p ï x=2
f ( x) = , x¹ . (i) î 16,
(ii) If cot x - 1 4
ì x 3 - x 2 + 2 x - 2, x ¹ 1
æp ö f ( x) = í
fç ÷ î 4, x =1
Find the value of è 4 ø so that f becomes (ii)
p ì x + 3 if x £ -3
x= . ï
continuous at 4 f ( x) = í - 2 x if -3< x < 3
151. Determine the values of a, b and c for which the ï6 x + 2, if x³3
(iii) î
function
156. Determine the constant k (if it exists), so that the
ì sin(a + 1) x + sin x following functions may be continuous
ï , x < 0`
ïï x ìkx2 , x £ 2
f ( x) = í c , x=0 f ( x) = í
ï x + bx 2 - x (i) î 3, x > 2
ï , x>0 ìk ( x 2 - 2 x), x < 0
ïî b x3 f ( x) = í
may be
î cos x, x³0
continuous at x = 0. (ii)
ì 1 for x £ -1 157. For what value of a and b are the following
ï continuous ?
f ( x) = ílx + m for - 1 < x < 3.
ìax 2 + b , x > 2
ï 5 x³3 ï
152. Let î for
Find l f ( x) = í 2 , x=2
and m if f is continuous function. ï2ax - b , x < 2
(i) î
153. Find the domain of continuity of the function
x -x ì 1 if x£3
f ( x) = ï
sin -1 x
. f ( x) = íac + b if 3< x <5
Is f a continuous function. ï 7
î if x³5
(ii)
ì x2 , x£0
f ( x) = í
(iii) îax + b, x > 0
158. Test the continuity of the function f (x) at the 164. In each of following, find rteh value of the constant k
so that the given function is continuous at the indicated
ì x
ï point
f ( x) = í x ; x ¹ 0
ì kx + 1, if x £ 5
ïî 1 ; x = 0 f ( x) = í
origin ,
(i) î3x - 5, if x > 5 at x = 5.
159. Let f ( x + y) = f ( x) + f ( y) for all x, y Î R . If ì x 2 - 25
ï
f (x) is continuous at x = 0, show that f (x) is f ( x) = í x - 5 , x ¹ 5
continuous at all x. ï
î k, x=5
(ii) at x = 5
160. Discuss the continuity of the following functions at the
165. In each of following, find the value of the constant k so
indicated points (s):
that the given function is continuous at the indicated
ì æ1ö
ï x cosç ÷, x¹0 point
f ( x) = í è xø ìkx2 , x ³ 1
ïî 0, x=0 f ( x) = í
(i) at x = 0
(i) î 4, x < 1 at x = 1
ì 2 æ1ö
ï x sinç ÷, x¹0 ìk ( x + 2), if x £ 0
2
f ( x) = í è xø f ( x) = í
ïî 0, x=0 (ii) î 3x + 1 , if x > 0
(ii) at x = 0
161. Discuss the continuity of the following functions at the 166. Discuss the continuity of the f (x) at the indicated
indicated points (s): points :
ì ex -1 f ( x) = x + x - 1
ï , if x ¹ 0 (i) at x = 0, 1.
f ( x) = í log(1 + 2 x)
ïî f ( x) = x - 1 + x + 1
(i)
7, if x = 0 at x = 0. (ii) at x = -1, 1
ì1 - x n ì 1 - sin x
3
p
ï ï 3 cos 2 x , if x<
f ( x) = í 1 - x , x ¹ 1 ï 2
ï ï p
(ii) î n - 1, x = 1 n Î N at x = 1 f ( x) = í a, if x=
ï 2
162. In each of following, find the value of the constant k so
ï b(1 - sin x) , if p
that the given function is continuous at the indicated x>
ï (p - 2 x) 2
î 2
point 167. Let . If f (x)
ì1 - cos 2kx p
ï , if x ¹ 0 x= ,
f ( x) = í x2 is continuous at 2 find a and b.
ïî 8, if x = 0 168. Find the relationship between ‘a’ and ‘b’ so that the
(i) at x = 0
ìï px ì ax + 1, if x £ 3
( x - 1) , if x ¹ 1 f ( x) = í
f ( x) = í 2 îbx + 3, , if x > 3
ïî k , if x = 1 function ‘f ’ defined by
(ii) at x = 1 is continuous at x = 3.
163. In each of following, find rteh value of the constant k 169. Discuss the continuity of the function
so that the given function is continuous at the indicated
ìï sin 2 x
point , if x < 0
f ( x) = í x
ìk ( x 2 - 2 x), if x < 0 ïî x + 2, if x ³ 0
f ( x) í
î cos x, if x ³ 0
(i) at x = 0
ìkx + 1, if x £ p
f ( x) = í
(ii) î cos x, if x > p at x = p
170. Find the points of discontinuity, if any, of the following 175. Find the points of discontinuity, if any, of the following
functions : functions :
ì x3 - x 2 + 2 x - 2, if x ¹ 1
f ( x) = í
î 4, if x = 1 ì 5 , if x £ 2
(i) ï
f ( x) = íax + b , if 2 < x < 10
ì x 4 - 16
ï ï 21
f ( x) = í x - 2 , if x ¹ 2 (i) î , if x ³ 10
ï
î 16, if x = 2
(ii) ì k cos x p
ï p - 2x , x<
171. Find the points of discontinuity, if any, of the following 2
functions : ïï p
f ( x) = í 3 , x=
ì
ï
sin x
ï 2
, if x < 0 p
f ( x) = í x ï 3 tan 2 x , x>
ï
î2 x + 3, x³0 îï 2 x - p 2
(i) (ii)
ì
ï
sin 3x
, if x ¹ 0
f ( x) = í x
ï
î 4, if x = 0
(ii)
172. Find the points of discontinuity, if any, of the following
functions :
ì ex - 1
ï if x ¹ 0
f ( x) = í log e (1 + 2 x),
ïî 7, if x = 0
(i)
ì x-3 , if x ³ 1
ï
f ( x) = í x 2 3x 13
ïî 4 - 2 + 4 , if x < 1
(ii)
173. Find the points of discontinuity, if any, of the following
functions :
ì
ï
sin 2 x
, if x ¹ 0
f ( x) = í 5 x
ï
î 3k , if x = 0
(i)
ìkx + 5, if x £ 2
f ( x) = í
(ii) î x - 1, if x > 2
174. Find the points of discontinuity, if any, of the following
functions :
ì 4 , if x £ -1
ï 2
f ( x) = íax + b , if - 1 < x < 0
ï cos x , if x ³ 0
(i) î
ì 1 + px - 1 - px
ï
ï , if - 1 £ x < 0
f ( x) = í x
ï 2x + 1
, if 0 £ x £ 1
ï
î x-2
(ii)