Title: The Challenges of Crafting a Meningitis Thesis Statement

Crafting a thesis statement on meningitis can be an arduous task, requiring a comprehensive

One of the primary challenges faced by individuals attempting to write a meningitis thesis statement
lies in the multifaceted nature of the disease. Meningitis can be caused by various pathogens,
including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, each presenting distinct characteristics and
implications. As a result, formulating a thesis statement that encapsulates the diverse aspects of
meningitis while maintaining clarity and coherence is no small feat.

Moreover, the constantly evolving nature of medical research on meningitis adds an additional layer
of complexity to the task. Staying abreast of the latest findings and incorporating relevant
information into a thesis statement requires a commitment to ongoing research and a keen
understanding of the ever-expanding body of knowledge surrounding meningitis.

The synthesis of scholarly articles, clinical studies, and epidemiological data is essential for
constructing a well-informed and compelling thesis statement. The need for accuracy and precision in
presenting facts and statistics further intensifies the difficulty of the writing process, as
misinformation in the field of medicine can have serious consequences.

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Treatment is similar to that for cryptococcal meningitis, consisting of combination therapy with
amphotericin B plus flucytosine. 32,33 Treatment of aspergillus meningitis has not been studied as
well as that for cryptococcal or candidal meningitis. There are two types of meningococcal vaccines
licensed in the United States: Meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MenACWY) and Serogroup B
meningococcal vaccine (MenB). This is especially important in the neonatal population, whose
potential disabilities due to meningitis are numerous and would benefit from early subspecialist
involvement and intervention. Your bibliography sho Draft several sections of your research proposal.
Bacterial and mycobacterial meningitis in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative patients in an
internal medicine ward. Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid S100B are associated with brain injury
and unfavorable outcomes in children with central nervous system infections. Proteomic analysis of
cerebrospinal fluid in pneumococcal meningitis reveals potential biomarkers associated with survival.
Knowing the argument is more than half of the problem tackled when creating a perfect thesis paper.
Genital lesions are present in approximately 85 percent of patients with primary HSV-2 meningitis,
and these generally precede the onset of CNS symptoms by seven days. Both systems have been
used to understand changes in host gene expression occurring upon contact with bacterial pathogens,
such as N. The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination. Secondary
pathogens (also known as opportunistic pathogens) affect immunocompromised patients. 28 The
most common primary fungal pathogens are Cryptococcus neoformans and Coccidioides immitis.
Athletics Athletic Training Meningitis Athletic Training Education See Full PDF Download PDF
About Press Blog People Papers Topics Job Board We're Hiring. People who have compromised
immune systems, meaning people who have HIV or AIDS have an increased risk of having
Meningitis. Several vaccines now being studied have the potential for improved prevention of
pulmonary tuberculosis and, therefore, disseminated forms of the disease. The entire thesis structure
is segregated into 3 sections, with each section comprising its relevant subsections to facilitate
greater legibility. The condition is underdiagnosed due to the nonspecific presentation; patients may
be asymptomatic or present with headache, altered mental status, dizziness, nausea, vomiting,
radiculopathy, cranial nerve palsies, or a combination of these. Another protein marker of bacterial
meningitis identified by Jesse et al. These tests can be categorized broadly as: (1) identification of
microbial signatures in CSF and (2) detection of a host response signature pathognomonic of sepsis
and meningitis. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the The internet has had more of a
positive than a negative effect on education. Several medical professionals believe that this herb can
easily improve ability of human immune system. The NACI Statement on the Use of Bivalent Factor
H Binding Protein Meningococcal Serogroup B (MenB-fHBP) Vaccine for the Prevention of
Meningococcal B Disease provides information and guidance, in addition to that provided in the
product monograph, for the use of the newly licenced MenB-fHBP vaccine. Abhinav S HEPATIKA
6 Nutritional supplement, six ingredients supported by clinical studies HEPATIKA 6 Nutritional
supplement, six ingredients supported by clinical studies Richard Clement USG,CT AND MR
IMAGING OF HEPATIC MASS LESIONS. Dr. Schneider (editor), Dr. Eikhoff (author), Dr.
Glauser (author), Dr. Winograd (peer reviewer), Mr. Landenberger (editorial and continuing
education director), and Jonathan Springston (associate managing editor) report no financial
relationships with companies related to the field of study covered by this CME activity. The
American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on suspected or proven early-onset bacterial sepsis
supports performing LP as part of the sepsis evaluation of the neonate with symptoms concerning for
early-onset sepsis, but recommends a more limited evaluation in the asymptomatic neonate with
sepsis risk factors ( 17 ). However, others believe an arbitrary timeline is less helpful than the general
recommendation that antibiotics be started as soon as possible and that the patient’s disease severity
should be taken into consideration. 4 Initial therapy should consist of broad spectrum antibiotics;
antibiotic therapy can be subsequently tailored to the bacteria that are identified via Gram stain or
culture of the cerebrospinal fluid. Lumbar puncture in pediatric bacterial meningitis: defining the time
interval for recovery of cerebrospinal fluid pathogens after parenteral antibiotic pretreatment. When
clinical variables were also considered, however, the model’s sensitivity and specificity rose to nearly
100%. Posted on April 26, 2017 in Medical Dissertation Help. This ignorance can lead to several
difficult conditions and life threatening symptoms.
Neonatal meningitis: what is the correlation among cerebrospinal fluid cultures, blood cultures, and
cerebrospinal fluid parameters. A polymorphonuclear pleocytosis may be found in early viral
meningitis, and a mononuclear predominance may be found in bacterial meningitis if the CSF is
obtained after antibiotics have been administered. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Kimberlin DW, Long
SS, editors. Altogether, these data highlight the critical importance of animal models to our
understanding of bacterial meningitis in human neonates. Overall, 61% of bacterial meningitis cases
in the United States are due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Neisseria mengingitidis
(16%), Streptococcus agalactiae (14%), Haemophilus influenzae (7%), and Listeria monocytogenes
(2%). 1 Worldwide, across all age groups, the most common bacteria causing meningitis is S.
Candida species are by far the most common fungal pathogens to infect CNS shunts; patients
usually present weeks to months after placement of the device and are at particularly high risk of
contracting candidal meningitis if they have received antibiotics for a bacterial infection. A common
obstacle to rigorous mechanistic studies of many human disorders, use of primary human tissue to
study meningitis is generally not possible. Hence, this study aimed to assess the Bacterial Meningeal
Score (BMS) as a tool for early diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. Predictors of long-term
neurological sequelae of tuberculous meningitis: a multivariate analysis. However, chlorella is
commonly used for energy production and plants but this plant extract is capable enough to develop
its own haemoglobin so it can easily boost production of red blood cells. The value of enlisting thesis
statement help early on in a project research paper on pomegranate pdf unparalleled. The group
addressed a critical question relevant to the population in the NICU, as a small but significant
proportion of infants born extremely prematurely will develop intraventricular hemorrhage and,
subsequently, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Data of demographics, clinical, laboratory and
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile and culture were collected. Coccidioides tends to cause an
increased CSF eosinophil count. Diagnosis of coccidioidal meningitis can be augmented with
examination of the CSF for complement fixation antibodies (CFA). 28 It is important to note that in
immunosuppressed patients most susceptible to fungal infections, the CSF white blood cell count
may not be elevated. The neutral temperature bath can help in such conditions as it eases blood flow
throughout body and help the whole system to act more tentatively. Among adults in developed
countries, the mortality rate from bacterial meningitis is 21 percent. To brainstorm, simply start
writing down any and all ideas that come to mind, no matter how far-fetched or random they may
seem. The meningococcal vaccine is suggested for all young people, particularly those who will be
residing in shared areas such as dorm rooms or military barracks. To study serial cases of febrile
meningoencephalitis over 18 months so as to. On examination he is fully conscious, and neck
stiffness. The benefits of identifying a specific viral etiology lie in decreasing hospitalizations and
the use of antibiotics. 13. Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing Research, International
FDP on. Surprising Home Based Remedies for Aseptic Meningitis. As, most of the symptoms
associated with this disease are same as flu or cold so people often do not recognise that they are
suffering with aseptic meningitis. However, the two serogroup B meningococcal vaccines currently
authorized for use in Canada are not interchangeable, as they contain different antigens and there are
no published studies on the immunogenicity resulting from a vaccination series combining the two
products. Effect of delayed lumbar punctures on the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in adults.
Other forms of aseptic meningitis include fungal, tuberculous, and neoplastic meningitis. Abortion A
Rising Issue In Medical Health Care Technology Abortion A Rising Issue In Medical Health Care
Technology PHOTOSYNTHESIS: What we have learned so far. DNA microarrays for virus
detection in cases of central nervous system infection.
It usually gets better itself within a couple of weeks without any treatment needed. This process
naturally assists for relief to the discomfort caused by inflammation. Also, put forward your review
in a logical, chronological, and structured manner to better outline the The following simple and
straightforward Step 1. Imaging Required Not required Required Not required Not required. Should
Thalidomide be used commercially, in the light of the effects it has. Apo A-I and apo E
concentrations in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with acute meningitis. As discussed above, there are
several pieces of data supporting robust type 2 inflammation in bacterial meningitis, but whether
excessive type 2 immune bias in the setting of bacterial meningitis is maladaptive and associated with
poor outcomes remains to be investigated. Viral meningitis in immunocompetent adults is generally
caused by HSV-2. In conclusion, a thesis statement is an essential element of any academic paper, as
it presents the main argument or point of the paper and sets the tone for the rest of the essay. The
MDWG also requested information from one unpublished economic evaluation of MenB-fHBP and
reviewed 14 published economic evaluations of protein based meningococcal vaccines against
serogroup B IMD. In children and adults, signs and symptoms include fever, malaise, weight loss,
cough, and vomiting. A proteomic approach for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Points were
assigned based on duration of symptoms, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and the presence or
absence of vomiting, meningeal irritation, petechiae, cyanosis, and disturbed consciousness; the
higher the score the greater the likelihood of bacterial meningitis. Recently, a multiplex PCR assay
has been approved by the FDA for detection of 14 pathogens, including Escherichia coli K1,
Streptococcus agalactiae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae ( 28, 29 ). The most
likely reason Sam has contracted meningitisare the following. Herpes simplex virus meningitis can be
caused by either strain and is usually associated with a primary infection; between 13-26% of
patients with a primary genital herpes infection have symptoms of meningitis. She believed she had
the influenza when she started to experience signs consisting of sensation cold, an aching throat and
a bloating sensation in her stomach. Technological advances should be coupled with clinical findings
to produce an accurate clinical management in the target population. The highest, but still
inconsistent, levels of S100B in CSF and serum were seen in viral encephalitis or in bacterial
meningitis complicated by ventriculitis or obvious parenchymal abnormalities on brain imaging ( 44,
46 ). It is good to take at least 20 seconds to wash them carefully and add special care to clean area
below fingernails. According to the NACI evidence-based process, the working group then proposed
recommendations and identified the grade of evidence that supported them. With our skilled medical
dissertation help and information analysis support, you will be able to accomplish the status of a
medical professional in no time at all. The cohort consisted of adults and children, and CSF was
analyzed using two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis. Also fluids are given via an injection
and life support equipment to support the body while it recovers. Between weeks 1 and 19, there was
a high number of cases of Meningitis in 2006 of 4,600. Bacterial and aseptic meningitis present
similarly and cannot be reliably distinguished based on clinical features. Thus, in order to get rid of
meningitis symptoms, one can consume these leafs in several different forms. It can easily provide
relief for discomfort, pain and lower fever caused by aseptic meningitis. The objective of this article
is to summarize the NACI recommendations on the use of MenB-fHBP vaccine for the prevention of
serogroup B IMD in Canada Footnote 1. Note that patient must avoid exposure to germ heavy
environments and temperature changes so that recovery process can be speeded up. As there are so
many types of meningitis so there contagiousness also varies from one to another.
Note that patient must avoid exposure to germ heavy environments and temperature changes so that
recovery process can be speeded up. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF
Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Your bibliography sho Goal Compile an
annotated bibliography. CSF studies Lymphocytic Neutrophillic CSF PCR for viral Not required Not
required. This means that it should be written in a way that is appropriate for the subject matter and
the intended audience of the paper. There are several types of meningitis and septicaemia e.g. viral,
bacterial. All types of bacterial meningitis are dangerous. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration to
distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Repeat lumbar
punctures in infants with meningitis in the neonatal intensive care unit. The biggest problem students
face when writing a thesis is that no one can help them write the thesis. Report this Document
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249 views 6 pages Meningitis Uploaded by Cheena Dolormente AI-enhanced description Meningitis
is an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
The germs live naturally in the back of the nose and throat. Infants with bacterial meningitis often
present with nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as fever, irritability, and poor feeding. To date,
bacterial tests of sources other than CSF have shown disappointingly poor accuracy in diagnosis of
meningitis ( 32 ). The authors developed a scoring system to determine which patients should
undergo lumbar puncture. Other University pals do not usually require prescription antibiotics or
examination. Chlorella is commonly used for treatment of meningitis. Also, put forward your review
in a logical, chronological, and structured manner to better outline the The following simple and
straightforward Step 1. The American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on suspected or
proven early-onset bacterial sepsis supports performing LP as part of the sepsis evaluation of the
neonate with symptoms concerning for early-onset sepsis, but recommends a more limited evaluation
in the asymptomatic neonate with sepsis risk factors ( 17 ). British Infection Society guidelines for
the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children.
However, others believe an arbitrary timeline is less helpful than the general recommendation that
antibiotics be started as soon as possible and that the patient’s disease severity should be taken into
consideration. 4 Initial therapy should consist of broad spectrum antibiotics; antibiotic therapy can be
subsequently tailored to the bacteria that are identified via Gram stain or culture of the cerebrospinal
fluid. DNA microarrays for virus detection in cases of central nervous system infection. As discussed
above, there are several pieces of data supporting robust type 2 inflammation in bacterial meningitis,
but whether excessive type 2 immune bias in the setting of bacterial meningitis is maladaptive and
associated with poor outcomes remains to be investigated. Is lumbar puncture necessary for
evaluation of early neonatal sepsis. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007. Empiric
therapy should not be delayed, even if a lumbar puncture cannot be performed because results of a
computed tomography scan are pending or because the patient is awaiting transfer. The
meningococcal vaccine is suggested for all young people, particularly those who will be residing in
shared areas such as dorm rooms or military barracks. Although, it is advised to get kids vaccinated
on time so that they can stay safe from such diseases but the adults also need to consult doctors for
complete protection. This ignorance can lead to several difficult conditions and life threatening
symptoms. To build it, start with a generalization and proceed with your stance or claim.
Characterization of a pneumococcal meningitis mouse model.
To study serial cases of febrile meningoencephalitis over 18 months so as to. CSF studies Required
Required Required Not required Not required. HEPATIKA 6 Nutritional supplement, six ingredients
supported by clinical studies HEPATIKA 6 Nutritional supplement, six ingredients supported by
clinical studies USG,CT AND MR IMAGING OF HEPATIC MASS LESIONS. To fill this gap in
knowledge and complement known transcriptomic and proteomic data, it will be necessary to more
comprehensively investigate the metabolome of CSF in model organisms and in human infants with
bacterial meningitis. Of note, the cohort did include two infants with S. You will be using t.docx
Please read the following case scenario below. Expression of epithelial cell iron-related genes upon
infection by Neisseria meningitidis. They can not be gotten from water materials, pool or structures.
Furthermore, this capsule contains sialic acid, which does not set off the defenses of the body,
because it is widely found in humans. The prodrome of tuberculous meningitis is difficult to
distinguish from many common viral syndromes. Viral meningitis: Which patients can be discharged
from the emergency department. Concomitant therapy with dexamethasone initiated before or at the
time of antimicrobial therapy has been demonstrated to improve morbidity and mortality in adults
with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. To build it, start with a generalization and proceed with
your stance or claim. Our understanding of mechanisms of neonatal brain injury due to meningitis
remains limited. Timely and appropriate therapy is essential to prevent death and significant
neurologic impairment, with studies showing increasing mortality and morbidity in proportion to
length of time from patient arrival to the hospital to the first dose of antibiotics. 14 Some experts
have recommended specific timelines for initiation of antibiotics — for instance, within three hours
of the patient’s arrival to the hospital. If not, consider one of the subscription options below. Overall
case fatality is approximately 10%, and up to a third of survivors may have long term sequelae,
which can include hearing loss, neurologic disabilities, and digit or limb amputations. Cytokine
elevations in infants with bacterial and aseptic meningitis. However, the two serogroup B
meningococcal vaccines currently authorized for use in Canada are not interchangeable, as they
contain different antigens and there are no published studies on the immunogenicity resulting from a
vaccination series combining the two products. In conclusion, a thesis statement is an essential
element of any academic paper, as it presents the main argument or point of the paper and sets the
tone for the rest of the essay. Your bibliography sho Goal Compile an annotated bibliography. Viral
meningitis in immunocompetent adults is generally caused by HSV-2. Obtaining a CT scan usually
leads to a significant delay in both lumbar puncture and the initiation of antibiotic therapy, and CT
scans expose the patient to a significant amount of radiation. 8 Expert opinion has identified clinical
characteristics in which the CT should be done prior to LP ( see Table 2 ); if none of these are
present, LP can be done without prior CT. As discussed above, there are several pieces of data
supporting robust type 2 inflammation in bacterial meningitis, but whether excessive type 2 immune
bias in the setting of bacterial meningitis is maladaptive and associated with poor outcomes remains
to be investigated. Further, PCR-based testing has the ability to identify small amounts of nucleic
acid signatures from non-viable bacteria, thereby improving diagnostic yield, especially in situations
with low bacterial load, such as following antibiotic pretreatment ( 26 ). SUNSCREEN, definition,
classification, SPF value, history, mechanism, develop. This home based remedy can soon improve
functionality of immune system while clearing up the symptoms associated with meningitis.
Postgraduate Diploma in Hospital Management and Operational Excellence - Broc. Transcriptomics
has evolved as an increasingly affordable and fruitful analysis, thanks in large part to several large,
well-curated databases capable of organizing results into networks of known pathways. Investigators
have studied conventional and real-time PCR methods, and several have employed broad-based
bacterial PCR techniques directed against the 16S ribosomal RNA subunit that is conserved across
bacterial species.
Consistent with the distinct mechanisms of injury in the cortex and hippocampus, however, Coimbra
et al. MRI is 90% specific in children and 70% specific in adults with tuberculous meningitis. 35.
Patients with a score of 0 were classified as having low risk of bacterial meningitis and could be
deemed appropriate for outpatient management after starting treatment with a long-acting parenteral
antibiotic. Chronic filarial infection provides protection against bacterial sepsis by functionally
reprogramming macrophages. It should be administered just prior to or at the same time as the first
dose of antibiotics. 2,15. The investigators were not able to distinguish CSF infected with Gram-
positive organisms from CSF infected with Gram-negative organisms ( 80 ), in contrast to the
findings of Lill and colleagues, who found unique changes in the plasma transcriptome of patients
with bacterial meningitis due to pneumococcus relative to those with meningitis due to other
bacterial organisms ( 64 ). While there is evidence for improved neurologic and auditory outcomes in
pediatric Hemophilus influenzae B meningitis following steroid therapy, this pathogen is not a
frequent cause of meningitis in neonates ( 11 ). Kernig’s sign, defined as resistance of knee extension
with the hips flexed, and Brudzinski’s sign, defined as hip and knee flexion in response to forward
flexion of the neck, increases the likelihood of meningitis when found to be positive. 7 However,
according to one meta-analysis, the sensitivities of Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs were 53% and
66%, respectively, so clinicians should not use the absence of these signs to exclude meningitis. 8,9.
The classic laboratory findings of viral meningitis are elevated CSF white blood cell count with a
mononuclear predominance, a CSF to serum glucose concentration ratio of greater than 0.5, and an
elevated CSF protein concentration. Numerous transcriptomic analyses in model systems of bacterial
meningitis have utilized cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells and cultured primary
meningioma cells ( 49, 50 ). The most serious complication of lumbar puncture is cerebral herniation,
but other risks associated with the procedure include post-LP headache, bleeding, infection, and
radicular pain. When kids get affected with meningitis then they often feel drowsy, lethargic, and
may develop rashes along with irritability. Additional investigations into the CSF metabolome of
patients with meningitis have been performed, with a goal of discovering novel biomarkers of
disease and uncovering aberrantly regulated pathways contributing to maladaptive inflammation and
brain injury. Respiratory Emergencies and CPR -FON.pptx Respiratory Emergencies and CPR -
FON.pptx Case study on meningitis 1. Traumatic lumbar punctures in infants hospitalized in the
neonatal intensive care unit. TBM (35) CM (31) PM (11) Lepto (1) Dengue (1) SSPE 1. Selected
transcripts (highlighted in red), cytokines (highlighted in blue), other proteins (highlighted in purple),
and metabolites (highlighted in green) identified from omics analyses have been integrated into a
proposed model of immune activation in the setting of bacterial meningitis. Findings in blood and
CSF work-up after a clinical index of suspicion result in a high yield of diagnosis. Clinical prognosis
in neonatal bacterial meningitis: the role of cerebrospinal fluid protein. Fluconazole plus amphotericin
B is an acceptable second-line alternative if flucytosine is unavailable. 28,30,33,34 Liposomal
amphotericin B may be substituted for amphotericin B for patients with renal dysfunction. 33
Patients should remain on these medications for two weeks or longer, depending on clinical response
and risk factors. 28,33. This means that it should be written in a way that is appropriate for the
subject matter and the intended audience of the paper. Lumbar puncture should be performed as
soon as possible, and cerebrospinal fluid sent for testing. The focus of their analysis was to identify
markers differentially regulated in survival versus death. Delays in diagnosis and treatment have been
shown to increase morbidity and mortality. Role of Regulatory authorities in Quality education,
practice, and rights of. As, most of the symptoms associated with this disease are same as flu or cold
so people often do not recognise that they are suffering with aseptic meningitis. The condition is
underdiagnosed due to the nonspecific presentation; patients may be asymptomatic or present with
headache, altered mental status, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, radiculopathy, cranial nerve palsies, or a
combination of these. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues:
2016 U. In fact, type 2 immune signaling to macrophages drives better outcomes in animal models of
sepsis and is associated with reduced severity of disease in humans with sepsis ( 66, 67 ). These
vaccines help prevent the most common causes of meningococcal disease in the U.S. Originally,
IKC's goal with this toolkit was to increase MenACWY vaccination rates to meet the Healthy
People 2020 goal of 80%.