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English Grammar
for ESL Students
1
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Table of Contents
Present Simple: To Be

There is / There are

Possessives

Articles: A, An, The

This, That, These, Those

Present Simple

Can / Can't / Have to / Don't Have to

Prepositions: In, At, On

Past Simple: To Be

Past Simple: Regular Verbs

Past Simple: Irregular Verbs

Present Continuous

Present Simple or Continuous?

Countable and Uncountable

Future with Going To

Comparative Adjectives

Superlative Adjectives

Adverbs

Present Perfect: Verb be

Present Perfect: Other Verbs

Present Perfect or Past Simple?

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 Welcome!

In this book you can find simple,

clear and practical explanations of
English Grammar.

There are also exercises to practice

and the answer to check.
We hope you enjoy this book.

If you have any questions, please ask

your teacher.
 ~4~

Present Simple: Be
Positive:

I am I‟m from Japan.

you / we / they are you‟re / we‟re / they‟re from Brazil.

he / she / it is he‟s / she‟s / it‟s from India.

Negative:

I am not I‟m not married.

you / we / they You‟re not / You aren‟t happy.

are not We‟re not / We aren‟t
They‟re not / They aren‟t

he / she / it He isn‟t / He‟s not a student.

is not She isn‟t / She‟s not
It isn‟t / It‟s not

Question:

Am I beautiful?

Are you / we / they a teacher?

Is he / she / it tall?
 ~5~

Present Simple: Be
Name:

• I‟m Joanna.
• He‟s Paulo.
• They‟re Aki and Yuta.

Country / Nationality:

• I‟m from the U.S. I‟m American.

• My husband is from Italy. He‟s Italian.
• She‟s not Korean, she‟s Vietnamese.
• Are they from Australia?

Age:

• I‟m 27 years old.

• How old are you?
• She‟s 15.
• My mother is 65 years old.

Emotions:

• I‟m sad.
• She‟s excited.
• You‟re angry.
• We‟re happy.

Jobs:

• I‟m not a student. I‟m a teacher.

• Are you a doctor?
• He‟s a journalist.
• They‟re artists.
 ~6~

Quiz: Present Simple: Be

1) We _________ from Canada.

A. am

B. isn‟t

C. aren‟t

2) My parents _____ divorced.

A. am

B. are

C. is

3) I___ tired.

A. 'm

B. 're

C. 's

4) Where _____ you from?

A. is

B. am

C. are
 ~7~
5) ____ your brother tall?

A. Am

B. Are

C. Is

6) Sarah _____ married.

A. 'm not

B. 're not

C. 's not

7) Bob and Tony _____ my cousins.

A. am

B. are

C. is

8) _____ the food at this restaurant good?

A. Am

B. Is

C. Are

9) My apartment _____ very small.

A. is

B. am

C. are
 ~8~

10) Kate: "Are you thirsty?"

Joe: "No, ________."

A. I aren‟t

B. I‟m not

C. you‟re not

11) He's _______ a good student.

A. aren‟t

B. isn‟t

C. not

12) You ______ beautiful.

A. is

B. not

C. „re

13) How old _____ you?

A. are

B. is

C. am
 ~9~
14) She ____ 29 years old.
A. „m

B. „re

C. „s

15) Jennifer and I __________ students.

A. am not

B. aren‟t

C. isn‟t

Answers on the next page

 ~ 10 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Simple: BE

1) C - aren't

2) B - are

3) A - 'm

4) C - are

5) C - is

6) C - 's not

7) B - are

8) B - is

9) A - is

10) B - I'm not

11) C - not

12) C - 're

13) A - are

14) C - 's

15) B - aren't
 ~ 11 ~

There is / There are

Singular Plural

(+) There‟s a bed in the room. There are two pillows on the
bed.

(-) There isn‟t a mirror in the There aren‟t any windows in the
bathroom. bedroom.

(?) Is there a table? Are there any chairs?

Yes, there is. / No, there isn‟t. Yes, there are. / No, there aren‟t.

There‟s a bed in the room. Is there a table?

There are two pillows on the bed. Yes, there is.

Is there a window? Are there any chairs?

No, there isn‟t. Yes, there are.

Are there any plates?

No, there aren‟t.
 ~ 12 ~

Possessives
NOUN POSSESSIVE EXAMPLE
I my My name is Sandra.
you your What‟s your name?
he his His name is John.
she her Her computer is fast.
it its My car is old, so its engine isn‟t powerful.
we our Our apartment is in the city center.
they their My parents sold their house.
Mary Mary‟s Mary‟s phone number is 555-4321.
Joe Joe‟s Joe‟s favorite color is green.
the boy the boy‟s The boy‟s clothes are dirty.
friends friends‟ My friends‟ names are Patrick and Gloria.
cat cat‟s My cat‟s name is Ginger.
country country‟s My country‟s flag is red, white, and blue.

Don‟t confuse its (possessive) with it‟s (contraction for “it is”)!

• The cat ate it‟s food

• The cat ate its food.
• Its illegal for a 17-year-old to buy alcohol.
• It‟s illegal for a 17-year-old to buy alcohol.
 ~ 13 ~

Quiz – Possessives
1) Dan and Benny were late to _______ first high school class.

A. his
B. its
C. their

2) “Do you know what ___________ favorite band is?”

"I'm not sure, but I think she likes rock music."

A. its
B. Maria‟s
C. John‟s

3) Good news! Brian passed __________ driving test!

A. his
B. her
C. your

4) “Have you been to any of the restaurants on Main

Street?” "No. __________ prices are too high."

A. my
B. its
C. their

5) I can't eat Thai food. _________ too spicy for me.

A. Is
B. It‟s
C. Its

6) I don't feel well. __________ stomach hurts.

A. I‟m
B. my
C. your
 ~ 14 ~

7) My friend and I drive to work together because _________

offices are in the same neighborhood.

A. its
B. our
C. their

8) I think you'll love the new television - _____ screen is huge!

A. its
B. his
C. your

9) Mary was ____________ mother.

A. Jesu‟s
B. Jesus‟
C. Jesus‟s

10) My ____________ toys are quite expensive.

A. children‟s
B. childrens‟
C. childrens‟s

11) We had a lot of cold days in January, but _____________

weather should be warmer.

A. Februarys
B. Februaries
C. February‟s

12) My sister lost _________ glasses. Now she can't

see anything!

A. his
B. her
C. your
 ~ 15 ~
13) These ______________ keyboards are broken.

A. computer‟s
B. computers‟
C. computers‟s

14) Where did you go on __________ last vacation?

A. you
B. your
C. you‟re

15) My brothers and __________ wives live in Portland.

A. his
B. our
C. their

Answers on the next page

 ~ 16 ~

Quiz Answers: Possessives

1) C - their

2) B - Maria's

3) A - his

4) C - their

5) B - It's

6) B - my

7) B - our

8) A - its

9) B - Jesus'

10) A - children's

11) C - February's

12) B - her

13) B - computers'

14) B - your

15) C - their
 ~ 17 ~

Articles: A, An, The

I‟m going to eat an apple. I‟m going to eat the green apple.

a / an general I want to buy a car.

(one of
He‟s eating an apple.
many)
Do you have a bike?

She is an old woman.

I‟m reading a book.

the specific Tokyo is the capital of Japan.

(one
The new Chinese restaurant is very good.
specific)
We like the blue car.

The girl in the red dress is beautiful.

I‟m reading the new book by J.K. Rowling.

 ~ 18 ~

Articles: A, An, The

Use “an” if the word starts with the sound of a, e, i, o, u:

• an apple
• an egg
• an ice cream shop
• an open door
• an umbrella
• an hour (the “h” is silent)

Use “a” if the word starts with the sound of any other sound:

• a ball
• a jacket
• a hat
• a tree
• a uniform (the “u” is pronounced like “yu”)
• a water bottle
• a yellow shirt

Do not use “the” with countries or cities:

• I live in the China.

I live in China.

Do not use “the” with things in general:

• She likes the pizza.

She likes pizza.
She likes the pizza from Tony‟s Restaurant. (specific)
 ~ 19 ~

Quiz: A, An, The

Complete the sentences with A, AN, THE, or --- if no article is needed.

1) Leonardo is ______ actor.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ----

2) Jim plays _____ basketball after school.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

3) My new office has ______ window.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

4) There's ______ problem with the equipment.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

5) ______ only light in the classroom isn't working.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---
 ~ 20 ~

6) He has _____ interesting job.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

7) We've been to _____ France three times.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

8) _____ light blue jeans I bought yesterday are too small.

A. A
B. An
C. The
D. ---

9) Martha hates _____ vegetables.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

10) My friend said it was _____ best movie of the year.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

11) I have _____ idea!

A. a
B. an
 ~ 21 ~

C. the
D. ---

12) Bob has _____ great idea for a new product.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

13) I have _____ uncle who lives in Florida.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

14) Sally is _____ tallest girl in the class.

A. a
B. an
C. the
D. ---

15) They're going to see ______ show at _____ theater on

Main Street.

A. a / ---
B. the / a
C. a / the
D. the / ---

Answers on the next page

 ~ 22 ~

Quiz Answers: A, An, The

1) B - an

2) D

3) A - a

4) A - a

5) C - the

6) B - an

7) D

8) C - the

9) D

10) C - the

11) B - an

12) A - a

13) B - an

14) C - the

15) C - a/the
 ~ 23 ~

This, That, These, Those

This 1 thing – near

That 1 thing – far

These 2+ things – near

Those 2+ things – far

This apple is green. That apple is red.

These books are new. Those books are old.

 ~ 24 ~

Present Simple: Positive

Use the present simple for things that happen regularly or
things that are generally true.

I / you / we / they work

he / she / it works

Examples:
• I work in a bank.

• He works at the university.

• We work every day.

• My sister works at the hospital.

Special Case #1

For verbs that end in consonant + –y, we remove the –y and

add –ies:

• I study English at school.

• Dana studies English at school.
• Bill studys English at school

Other verbs like this include: cry, try, fly, carry

Special Case #2

For verbs that end in -o, -sh, -s, -ss, -ch, -x, we add -es.

• They go to English class on Wednesday.

• She goes to cooking class on Saturday.
• She gos to cooking class on Saturday.

Other verbs like this include: watch, kiss, teach, fix

 ~ 25 ~

Quiz: Present Simple Positive

1) My brother _______ to college in New York.

A. go
B. goes
C. gos

2) I ___________ to play tennis.

A. like
B. likes
C. like‟s

3) My friends ____________ to school every day.

A. walk
B. walks
C. walkes

4) Peter _________ to the news on the radio.

A. listen
B. listens
C. listen‟s

5) Clara and Robert _____________ English at night.

A. studies
B. study
C. studys

6) The baby __________ when he is hungry.

A. cries
B. cry
C. cryes
 ~ 26 ~
7) Their apartment __________ very nice!

A. look
B. look‟s
C. looks

8) We _________ our house every Sunday.

A. clean
B. cleans
C. cleanes

9) Joe ________ two big black dogs.

A. has
B. have
C. haves

10) Susan ___________ lots of TV.

A. watch
B. watchs
C. watches

11) I always _________ tired when I first wake up.

A. feel
B. feels
C. feeles

12) Both Clara and Marina ________ long hair.

A. has
B. have
C. haves

Answers on the next page

 ~ 27 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Simple Positive

1) B - goes

2) A - like

3) A - walk

4) B - listens

5) B - study

6) A - cries

7) C - looks

8) A - clean

9) A - has

10) C - watches

11) A - feel

12) B – have
 ~ 28 ~

Present Simple: Negative

Use the present simple negative for things that are not
generally true.

I / you / we / they don‟t like

he / she / it doesn't like

Examples:

• I don't like coffee.

• John doesn't like pizza.
• John and David don't like milk.
• My mother doesn't like to travel.

Common Errors

1) In the present simple negative, do not add -s:

• Martha doesn't likes to dance.

• Martha doesn't like to dance.

2) Other common errors:

• Pete no like bananas.

• Pete not like bananas.
• Pete doesn‟t like bananas.
 ~ 29 ~

Quiz: Present Simple: Negative

1) I ____________ this movie.

A. doesn‟t understand
B. don‟t understand
C. no understand

2) Jackson ______________ how to cook.

A. doesn‟t know
B. don‟t know
C. not know

3) My aunt and uncle _____________ any children.

A. don‟t has
B. don‟t have
C. doesn‟t have

4) Martin _____________ Chinese.

A. doesn‟t speak
B. don‟t speak
C. no speaks

5) We _______________ in Europe.

A. doesn‟t lives
B. doesn‟t live
C. don‟t live

6) My sister _________ happy.

A. doesn‟t be
B. isn‟t
C. not
 ~ 30 ~
7) Carla ___________ early.

A. doesn‟t wake up
B. don‟t wake up
C. doesn‟t wakes up

8) Bill and Diane ___________ to the dentist often.

A. isn‟t go
B. not go
C. don‟t go

9) You _________ every day.

A. does studies
B. don‟t studies
C. don‟t study

10) My son ____________ TV.

A. doesn‟t watches
B. doesn‟t watch
C. isn‟t watch

11) They ___________ that's a good idea.

A. not think
B. doesn‟t thinks
C. don‟t think

12) My boyfriend and I _________; we take the bus.

A. doesn‟t drive
B. don‟t drives
C. don‟t drive

Answers on the next page

 ~ 31 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Simple Negative

1) B - don't understand

2) A - doesn't know

3) B - don't have

4) A - doesn't speak

5) C - don't live

6) B - isn't

7) A - doesn't wake up

8) C - don't go

9) C - don't study

10) B - doesn't watch

11) C - don't think

12) C - don't drive

 ~ 32 ~

Present Simple: Questions

Use present simple questions to ask about things that happen
regularly or things that are generally true.

Do I / you / we / they live in a city?

Does he / she / it live in a city?

Examples:

▪ Do you live in Brazil?

▪ Does Adam live in England?

▪ Do they live in a big house?

▪ Does she live near the beach?

Common Errors

1) In questions, don't use -s:

• Does she lives close to the beach?

• Does she live close to the beach?

2) Don‟t forget DO or DOES:

• Clara live in a big city?

• Does Clara live in a big city?
 ~ 33 ~

Quiz: Present Simple Questions

Complete each sentence with Do or Does.

1) _________ you have any brothers and sisters?

2) _________ we watch too much TV?

3) _________ they do any exercise?

4) _________ Larissa play a musical instrument?

5) _________ he work in an office?

6) _________ your children talk on the phone a lot?

7) _________ your mother know how to use a computer?

8) _________ she have a car?

9) _________ Tom and Larry play baseball?

10) _________ she listen to classical music?

11) _________ I need to pay for the extra class?

12) _________ your friends like to swim?

13) _________ Joan watch TV at night?

14) _________ your father work on weekends?

Answers on the next page

 ~ 34 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Simple Questions

1) Do

2) Do

3) Do

4) Does

5) Does

6) Do

7) Does

8) Does

9) Do

10) Does

11) Do

12) Do

13) Does

14) Does
 ~ 35 ~

Present Simple: Answering

Yes/No Questions
• Do you have a dog?
Yes, I do. / No, I don't

• Do I look fat in these jeans?

No, you don‟t!

• Does John speak Italian?

Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

• Does she like rock music?

Yes, she does. / No, she doesn‟t.

• Do we watch too much TV?

Yes, we do. / No, we don‟t.

• Do they understand English?

Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
 ~ 36 ~

Can / Can‟t / Must / Mustn‟t

Have to / Don‟t have to
Can = It‟s OK

Can‟t / Mustn‟t = It‟s not OK

Have to / Must = It‟s necessary / obligatory

Don‟t have to = It‟s not necessary / obligatory

Doesn‟t have to (it‟s optional)

(must / mustn’t are more formal)

You can ride your bike here. You can‟t smoke here.
You mustn‟t smoke here.

FREE
FOOD!
You have to stop here. You don‟t have to pay

You must stop here. for the food.

 ~ 37 ~

Prepositions: In, At, On

The cat is in the box. The cat is on the table.

TIME PLACE
Cities and countries
Months
IN • In January • In Tokyo
• In October • In Japan

Seasons Rooms and buildings

• In the summer • In the kitchen
• In the spring • In the supermarket

Years Closed spaces

• In 2004 • In the car
• In 1986 • In a park

Periods of the day

• In the morning
• In the evening

(exception: at night)
 ~ 38 ~

TIME PLACE
Dates and days Transportation
ON • On Monday • On the bus
th
• On February 14 • On a bike
• On the train

(exception: in a car)

Surfaces
• On the table
• On the wall

TIME PLACE
Times Contexts / Events
AT • At 6:00 • At school
• At half past three • At work
• At noon • At a party
 ~ 39 ~

Quiz: IN, ON, AT

Complete each sentence with in, on, or at.

1. "Are you working right now?"

"No, I'm ______ home."
2. "Where's my hairbrush?"
"It's ______ the bathroom."
3. I like to go skiing ______ the winter.
4. My cousin lives ______ Australia.
5. I'll start my new job ______ March 1st.
6. My sister's arriving ______ the earliest train tomorrow morning.
7. My son is waiting for me to pick him up ______ the bus stop.
8. We're going to a baseball game ______ Saturday.
9. Why are your clothes ______ the floor? Please pick them up
and put them away!
10. My mother's birthday is ______ May.
11. I got lost because I got ______ the wrong bus.
12. It's a dangerous area; you shouldn't go there ______ night.
13. Living ______ New York City is very expensive.
14. My boyfriend and I met ______ the gym.
15. Our company was founded ______ 1972.
16. I have two classes ______ the afternoon.
17. The meeting ended ______ 4:45.
18. There's a bowl of fruit ______ the table.
19. We have a big family dinner ______ Christmas Eve.
20. The books are ______ my backpack.
 ~ 40 ~

Quiz Answers: In, On, At

1. at

2. in

3. in

4. in

5. on

6. on

7. at

8. on

9. on

10. in

11. on

12. at

13. in

14. at

15. in

16. in

17. at

18. on

19. on

20. in
 ~ 41 ~

Past Simple: To Be
Positive:

I / he / she / it was born in 1982.

you / we / they were born in 1982.

Negative:

I / he / she / it was not (wasn‟t) born in Europe.

you / we / they were not (weren‟t) born in Europe.

Questions:

Was I / he / she / it a famous artist?

Were you / we / they a famous artist?

Common words used to talk about the past:

• Yesterday
• Last Sunday / last week / last month /
last November / last year
• 1 hour ago / 5 days ago / 3 months ago / 10 years ago
• When I was a child… / When we were in college…
 ~ 42 ~

Quiz: Past Simple: Be

1) Where ________ you yesterday afternoon?

A. was
B. wasn't
C. were
D. weren't

2) Where _______ your grandfather born?

A. was
B. wasn't
C. were
D. weren't

3) Pablo Picasso ___________ a writer. He was a painter.

A. was
B. wasn't
C. were
D. weren't

4) My friends ____ at school yesterday because they were sick.

A. was
B. wasn't
C. were
D. weren't

5) "Where were you this morning? You _____ at the

meeting." "I _____ at the dentist's."

A. weren't / was
B. wasn't / was
C. weren't / were
D. were / was
 ~ 43 ~

6) Darlene is 27 years old. Ten years ago, she ________ in high

school.

A. was
B. were
C. wasn't
D. weren't

7) "Did you like the movie?"

"The special effects ____ great, but the story ____ very good."

A. wasn't / was
B. weren't / were
C. was / weren't
D. were / wasn't

8) Barcelona is a beautiful city! We ______ there for

a conference last month.

A. was
B. wasn't
C. were
D. weren't

9) "Were your colleagues happy about the surprise party?"

"David _____, but Janet and Tim _____ - they hate surprises."

A. were / wasn't
B. was / weren't
C. wasn't / were
D. weren't / was

10) "Were you shy when you were a child?"

"No, I ________. I talked to everyone!"

A. was
B. wasn't
C. were
D. weren't
 ~ 44 ~

Quiz Answers: Past Simple: To Be

1) C - were

2) A - was

3) B - wasn't

4) D - weren't

5) A - weren't / was

6) A - was

7) D - were / wasn't

8) C - were

9) B - was / weren't

10) B - wasn't
 ~ 45 ~

Past Simple: Regular Verbs

Positive:

I / you / he / she / it / we / they worked yesterday

Negative:

I / you / he / she / it / we / they didn‟t work yesterday

Question:

Did I / you / he / she / it / work yesterday?

we / they

How to form the past simple for regular verbs:

Verb Past Spelling

listen listened Add -ed

play played

like liked Add -d

decide decided

stop stopped One vowel + one consonant =

double the final consonant and
add -ed

study studied One consonant + y 

try tried -ied
 ~ 46 ~

Past Simple: Regular Verbs

In past simple negative and questions, do not add -ed:

• Mary didn‟t liked the movie.

• Mary didn‟t like the movie.

• Did you studied for the test?

• Did you study for the test?

Examples:

• I talked with my mother last night.

• We enjoyed the party on Saturday.
• She finished the test early.

• He didn‟t listen to the teacher‟s instructions.

• They didn‟t want to join us for coffee.
• Jill didn‟t stay in a hotel last summer.

• Did you watch the news yesterday?

• Did they remember to turn off the lights?
• What time did your father arrive?
 ~ 47 ~

Quiz: Past Simple

Regular Verbs
Mark each past simple sentence as correct or incorrect

1. Did the teacher ask you any questions in class this morning?
2. We tryed to talk to the manager, but he was busy.
3. Did you remembered to pay the electric bill?
4. Gabi and Sandy didn't walk to the beach because it was too far.
5. How long you waited for the bus last night?
6. I did start piano lessons last week.
7. What time did the plane land?
8. My brother didn't helped me carry my books.
9. She no called me yesterday.
10. We rented an apartment on our vacation last year.
11. I didn't need to use a calculator for my math homework.
12. Were you want to be a dancer when you were a child?
13. When they arrived at the airport, they checked their bags.
14. Where did you lived when you were a child?
15. “Did you pass the
test?” “No, I didn't.”

Answers on the next page

 ~ 48 ~

Quiz Answers: Past Simple

1. Correct

2. Incorrect (should be "tried")

3. Incorrect (should be "Did you remember")

4. Correct

5. Incorrect (should be "How long did you wait")

6. Incorrect (should be "I started")

7. Correct

8. Incorrect (should be "didn't help")

9. Incorrect (should be "She didn't call")

10. Correct

11. Correct

12. Incorrect (should be "Did you want")

13. Correct

14. Incorrect (should be "Where did you live")

15. Correct
 ~ 49 ~

Past Simple: Irregular Verbs

Infinitive Positive Negative

be was / were wasn‟t / weren‟t

buy bought didn‟t buy

can could couldn‟t

eat ate didn‟t eat

get got didn‟t get

go went didn‟t go

have had didn‟t have

leave left didn‟t leave

make made didn‟t make

meet met didn‟t meet

say said didn‟t say

see saw didn‟t see

take took didn‟t take

think thought didn‟t think

understand understood didn‟t understand

wear wore didn‟t wear

write wrote didn‟t write

 ~ 50 ~

Past Simple: Irregular Verbs

Examples:

• Where were you last

month? I was in France.
• What did your sister buy at the
mall? She bought new shoes.
• What time did he eat breakfast
today? He ate breakfast at 6:00 AM.
• When did you get married?
We got married in July.
• Why did she go to London?
She went to London to study English.
• Did you have any pets when you were a child?
Yes, I had a dog.
• When did he leave the meeting?
He left the meeting an hour before it finished
• What did you make for dinner?
I made some vegetable soup.
• When did you meet your best friend?
I met my best friend 20 years ago.
• What did the teacher say?
The teacher said that she loved our class.
• Did you see Brad at the football game?
No, but we saw Peter and Henry.
• What did he wear to the
wedding? He wore a suit.
• Did he write a new book last year?
No, he only wrote a few magazine articles.
 ~ 51 ~

Quiz: Past Simple Irregular

Verbs
1) Jimmy and Sean _________ a window while
playing baseball inside the house.

A. bought
B. broke
C. built

2) We _________ really late yesterday.

A. sleeped
B. slept
C. slipt

3) Mrs. Johnson ______ us about World War II in history class.

A. learned
B. taught
C. thought

4) My boss ________ me an important e-mail this morning.

A. said
B. sent
C. spent

5) My favorite team _______ the championship last year.

A. wan
B. wore
C. won

6) Everyone _____ cake at Harold's birthday party on Saturday.

A. ate
B. eat
C. eated
 ~ 52 ~

7) I _____ the eggs and milk in the refrigerator.

A. did
B. put
C. went

8) We _________ tickets to the show.

A. didn't get
B. didn't got
C. weren't get

9) I ______ understand the movie we watched in English class.

A. wasn't
B. didn't can
C. couldn't

10) Aaron and Barbara ___________ out after work yesterday.

A. didn't go
B. didn't gone
C. didn't went

11) I ___________ enough time to finish the project.

A. didn't had
B. didn't have
C. hadn't

12) The students ____________ their homework.

A. didn't
B. didn't did
C. didn't do

13) When I was young, my parents _______ me drive their car.

A. didn't let
B. didn't letted
C. weren't let
 ~ 53 ~

14. What ___________ at the store?

A. did you buy

B. you bought
C. you did buy

15) When ____________ their house?

A. was they sell

B. did they sell
C. did they sold

16) _______ your father happy when he _________ the news?

A. Wasn't / did hear

B. Were / hear
C. Was / heard

17) How long ____________ you to read the book?

A. did it take
B. did it told
C. did it took

18) What _________ your girlfriend for her birthday last year?

A. gave you
B. did you give
C. you gave

19) Where _________ last Saturday night at 10 PM?

A. was you
B. were you
C. did you

20) I _______ the president at a conference in 2007.

A. did meet
B. met
C. was met
 ~ 54 ~

Quiz Answers: Past Simple Irregular Verbs

1) B - broke

2) B - slept

3) B - taught

4) B - sent

5) C - won

6) A - ate

7) B - put

8) A - didn't get

9) C - couldn't

10) A - didn't go

11) B - didn't have

12) C - didn't do

13) A - didn't let

14) A - did you buy

15) B - did they sell

16) C - Was / heard

17) A - did it take

18) B - did you give

19) B - were you

20) B - met
 ~ 55 ~

Present Continuous: Positive

Present continuous is for things happening now, at the moment.

I am watching

you / we / they are watching

he / she / it is watching

Examples:

• I am watching TV right now.

• He is studying at the moment.
• It is raining today.
• We are thinking about you.
• They are playing baseball.

It‟s very common to use contractions:

• I'm watching TV right now.

• He's studying at the moment.
• It's raining today.
• We're thinking about you.
• They're playing baseball.

Some verbs are never used in the present continuous:

like, want, need, believe.

• I‟m believing in God.

I believe in God.
• She‟s wanting a soda.
She wants a soda.
 ~ 56 ~

Quiz: Present Continuous

Positive
Mark each sentence correct or incorrect

1. Billy and Mark are driving to the airport at the moment.

2. Clara and Jill is reading the newspaper.

3. He's running to work because he's late.

4. I learning English in school.

5. James is listen to the radio.

6. My children are doing their homework.

7. She wearing a white T-shirt and jeans.

8. Stop opening all the packages - you're making a mess!

9. My friend are talking with the teacher.

10. I'm sitting next to my brother.

Answers on the next page

 ~ 57 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Continuous Positive

1) Correct

2) Incorrect (should be "are reading")

3) Correct

4) Incorrect (should be "I'm learning")

5) Incorrect (should be "is listening”)

6) Correct

7) Incorrect (should be "She's wearing")

8) Correct

9) Incorrect "should be "is talking")

10) Correct
 ~ 58 ~

Present Continuous: Negative

I am not listening
(I‟m not)

you / we / they are not listening

(aren‟t)

he / she / it is not listening

(isn‟t)

Examples:

• I am not working at the moment.

• She is not wearing a hat today.

• You are not listening to the teacher.

• Pete and Jan are not watching TV.

There are two ways to use contractions:

• She‟s not wearing a hat today.

She isn‟t wearing a hat today.
• You‟re not listening to the teacher.
You aren‟t listening to the teacher.

Both forms are OK!

 ~ 59 ~

Quiz: Present Continuous

Negative
Mark each sentence correct or incorrect:

1. Brian isn't eat anything because he just had lunch.

2. He no making dinner.

3. I not reading any books at the moment.

4. My team isn't playing very well in this game.

5. Paula's not wearing sunglasses.

6. They're at the party, but they're not dancing.

7. Tom and Tiffany isn't playing video games now.

8. We're not drinking wine because we have to drive home soon.

9. You're not listen to me.

10. I'm not feeling well. I think it was something I ate.

Answers on the next page

 ~ 60 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Continuous Negative

1. Incorrect (should be "isn't eating")

2. Incorrect (should be "He's not making" or "He isn't making")

3. Incorrect (should be "I'm not reading")

4. Correct

5. Correct

6. Correct

7. Incorrect (should be "aren't playing")

8. Correct

9. Incorrect (should be "not listening")

10. Correct
 ~ 61 ~

Present Continuous: Questions

Am I working?

Are you / we / they working?

Is he / she / it working?

Examples:

• Are you writing a letter?

• Is Pedro sleeping right now?
• Are the children playing a game or reading a book?
• Is the computer working?

You can put a question word at the beginning:

• What are you doing?

I‟m writing an e-mail.
• Where is Sarah going?
She‟s going to the store.
• Who are they talking to?
They‟re talking to the teacher.
• Why is he running?
Because he‟s late for work.
 ~ 62 ~

Quiz: Present Continuous

Questions
Mark each sentence correct or incorrect:

1. Are the children sleeping?

2. How are you feeling today?

3. How many T-shirts you are buying?

4. Is it raining now?

5. What are they try to do?

6. What magazine are you reading?

7. Which hotel he is staying at?

8. Who is she wait for?

9. Why is he leaving school early?

10. What you thinking about?

Answers on the next page

 ~ 63 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Continuous Questions

1. Correct

2. Correct

3. Incorrect (should be "are you buying")

4. Correct

5. Incorrect (should be "are you trying")

6. Correct

7. Incorrect (should be "is he staying")

8. Incorrect (should be "is she waiting")

9. Correct

10. Incorrect (should be "What are you")

 ~ 64 ~

Present Simple or Continuous?

Use present simple for things that happen in general or regularly.
Use present continuous for things happening now, at the
moment, or current/temporary projects.

Present Simple Present Continuous

I work from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM I‟m currently working on a new

every day. project.

Mark studies English every Mark is studying the present

Tuesday night. continuous this week.

We usually go to Europe in the Right now, we‟re going to the

summer. supermarket.

They always talk to their boss in It‟s 9:00 AM. They‟re talking to
the morning. him now.

Does it usually rain in the No, but it‟s raining at the

winter? moment. Take an umbrella.

Words that are often used with the present simple or continuous:

• With present simple: always, usually, often, sometimes,

never, every (day/night/Monday/summer/year)
• With present continuous: now, right now, at the moment,
currently, this week/month/year, today
 ~ 65 ~

Quiz: Present Simple or

Continuous
Select the correct option:

1. They always are going / go to the gym after work.

2. He normally works / is working every weekday, but today he
works / isn‟t working because it's a holiday.
3. “Where are you going / do you go?”
"To my grandmother's house - see you later!"
4. How often are you cleaning / do you clean your house?
5. Jane is cold because she doesn‟t wear / she‟s not wearing a
jacket.
6. My colleagues normally are eating / eat lunch in the office.
7. How many children are you having / do you have?
8. My husband is playing / plays tennis three times a week.
9. Please turn down the music; I try / I‟m trying to study.
10. Watch out! Your son is running / runs into the street!
11. “What does she do / is she doing?”
"She's baking a cake."
12. Rita doesn‟t know / isn‟t knowing how to ride a bike.
13. “Where's mom?”
"She takes / She‟s taking a shower."
14. Yes, I can talk now. I don‟t drive / I‟m not driving.
15. My cousin never gives / is giving me a birthday present.

Answers on the next page

 ~ 66 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Simple or Continuous?

1. go

2. works / isn't working

3. are you going

4. do you clean

5. she's not wearing

6. eat

7. do you have

8. plays

9. I'm trying

10. is running

11. is she doing

12. doesn't know

13. She's taking

14. I'm not driving

15. gives
 ~ 67 ~

Countable and Uncountable

Countable nouns are things we can count – for example, cats:
• My brother has a cat.
• My sister has two cats.
• My friend has three cats.

Other examples of countable nouns:

• Things - book, table, computer, banana, shirt, television, house.
• People - man, woman, child, friend, sister, uncle, teacher, boss.

Uncountable nouns are words that we can‟t count, or can‟t

divide into separate parts:

• Liquids and some foods - water, butter, rice, flour, milk

• Ideas and concepts - love, fun, work, money, peace, safety
• Information - advice, information, news, knowledge
• Categories - music, furniture, equipment, jewelry, meat

Countable Uncountable

dollar / dollars money

song / songs music

table / tables furniture

bottle / bottles wine, water

report / reports information

job / jobs work

 ~ 68 ~

Countable and Uncountable

Don‟t add -s to make uncountable nouns plural:

• I need some informations about the course.

• I need some information about the course.

You can use other words to help quantify uncountable nouns:

• She bought three bottles of wine and five boxes of rice.

• He gave me two pieces of advice: eat less and exercise more.

With countable nouns, we use many, few, and a lot of:

• How many glasses of water do you drink every day?

• There are too many people in the room.
• I have a few questions about the lesson.
• I eat a lot of vegetables.

With uncountable nouns, we use much, little and a lot of:

• How much water do you drink every day?

• He put too much salt in the soup.
• We have too little information to make a decision.
• She has a lot of experience in this type of work.

We can use some, any, and no with both uncountable nouns and
plural countable nouns:

• Can I borrow some of your books?

• Would you like to listen to some music?
• I don‟t have any ideas.
• I don‟t have any money.
• There are no chairs in the living room.
• There‟s no furniture in the living room.
 ~ 69 ~

Quiz: Countable / Uncountable

Nouns
1) I didn't understand the lesson, so I asked _____________.

A. a lot of questions.
B. many question.
C. a little question.

2) __________________ think English grammar is difficult.

A. A lot of person
B. Many people
C. Much people

3) _____ of books were delivered to the school yesterday.

A. A few boxes
B. Any boxes
C. Some box

4) Their relationship has ___________________. They

argue almost every day.

A. a lot of problems
B. many problem
C. much problems

5) There are ________________ in the classroom.

A. some desk
B. so much desks
C. twenty desks
 ~ 70 ~
6) How ______________ do you drink?

A. lots of tea
B. many tea
C. much tea

7) He has ______________ to do over the weekend.

A. a lot of works
B. many work
C. some work

8) My father's going on _______________ next month.

A. two business trips

B. two business travels
C. much business trips

9) I like ______________ by Lady Gaga.

A. a few songs
B. some musics
C. many music

10. Don't go to that part of the city at night - there's

__________________.

A. a few violence
B. a lot of violence
C. many violences

Answers on the next page

 ~ 71 ~

Quiz Answers: Countable & Uncountable Nouns

1) A - a lot of questions

2) B - Many people

3) A - A few boxes

4) A - a lot of problems

5) C - twenty desks

6) C - much tea

7) C - some work

8) A - two business trips

9) A - a few songs

10) B - a lot of violence

 ~ 72 ~

Future with Going To

Use going to to talk about future events, plans and predictions.

She‟s going to have a baby soon.

Positive:

Full Form Contracted Form

I am I‟m
You are You‟re
going to take a test
He / she / it is He‟s / She‟s / It‟s
tomorrow.
We are We‟re
They are They‟re

In fast spoken English, going to often sounds like gonna:

“We‟re gonna take a test tomorrow.”
 ~ 73 ~

Future with Going To

Negative:

Full Form Contracted Contracted

Form 1 Form 2

I am not I‟m not ---

You are not You‟re not You aren‟t
going to
He / she is not He‟s / She‟s not He / she isn‟t
take a test
It is not It‟s not It isn‟t
tomorrow.
We are not We‟re not We aren‟t
They are not They‟re not They aren‟t

Question:

Am I
Are you
going to take a test tomorrow?
Is he / she / it
Are we
Are they

Don‟t forget “am/is/are”!

• I going to buy some new shoes next week.

I‟m going to buy some new shoes next week.
• She not going to watch TV.
She‟s not going to watch TV.
• They going to get married in June.
They‟re going to get married in June.
 ~ 74 ~

Quiz: Future with “Going to”

Mark each sentence as correct or incorrect:

1. Is you going to start any new projects this year?

2. Barbara and Adrian is going to start studying English next

semester.

3. I going to buy flowers for my girlfriend's birthday.

4. Laura's not going to stay in a hotel during her next vacation.

5. Is Martha going make a lot of money in her new job?

6. Marty's going to meet John for lunch at 12:30.

7. My father not going to come home until 9:00.

8. They're not going to win the game.

9. Tim and Janet are going cook dinner on Friday.

10. We're going to visit our friends in Rio de Janeiro

in December.

11. What movie are you going to see tonight?

12. I'm not going to eat any dessert after dinner.

 ~ 75 ~

Quiz Answers: Future with "Going to"

1. Incorrect (should be "are you")

2. Incorrect (should be "are going")

3. Incorrect (should be "I'm going")

4. Correct

5. Incorrect (should be "going to make")

6. Correct

7. Incorrect (should be "father is not going")

8. Correct

9. Incorrect (should be "going to cook")

10) Correct

11) Correct

12) Correct
 ~ 76 ~

Comparative Adjectives
Use comparatives to compare two things:

Phil is 10 years old. Ben is 8 years old.

• Phil is older than Ben.

• Ben is younger than Phil.

For One-Syllable Words

Add –er

Tall Taller

Old Older

Fast Faster

Long Longer

New Newer

• My new car is faster than my old car.

• I'm older than my brother.
• Traveling by bike takes longer than traveling by motorcycle.

For Words that end in a vowel + consonant

Double the last consonant and add –er

Big Bigger

Hot Hotter

Thin Thinner
 ~ 77 ~

• An elephant is bigger than a cat.

• Brazil is hotter than Sweden.
• My sister is thinner than me.

For Words that end in consonant + y

Remove -y and add -ier.

Easy Easier

Happy Happier

Busy Busier

• Reading English is easier than listening.

• Maria is happier than Dave.
• People today are busier than in the past.

For Words with 3+ syllables

Add “more” before the adjective:

Expensive More expensive

Popular More popular

Interesting More interesting

• A car is more expensive than a computer.

• Michael Jackson's music is more popular than country music.
• Watching a movie is more interesting than studying grammar.
 ~ 78 ~

Adjectives with Irregular Comparatives

Good Better

Bad Worse

Far Farther

• Eating fruit is better for your health than eating hamburgers.

• Cancer is worse than the flu.
• One mile is farther than one kilometer.
 ~ 79 ~

Quiz: Comparative Adjectives

Mark each sentence correct or incorrect:

1. A book is longer a magazine.

2. American football is dangerouser than baseball.

3. This restaurant is more better than the one we ate at yesterday.

4. Ashley is prettier than Sandy.

5. Craig is more friendly than Paul.

6. I'm popular than her.

7. Listening to English is harder than reading English.

8. The couch is more comfortable than the chair.

9. An elephant is bigger of a mouse.

10. The new movie is more bad than the original movie.

11. The sun is hoter than the moon.

12. The weather in London is wetter than the weather in Cairo.

13. This test was easier than the last one.

14. Vegetables are better for your health than candy.

15. The movie was much more interesting than the book.

Answers on the next page

 ~ 80 ~

Quiz Answers: Comparative Adjectives

1. Incorrect (should be "longer than a magazine")

2. Incorrect (should be "more dangerous")

3. Incorrect (should be "is better than")

4. Correct

5. Incorrect (should be "friendlier")

6. Incorrect (should be "more popular than")

7. Correct

8. Correct

9. Incorrect (should be "bigger than")

10. Incorrect (should be "worse")

11. Incorrect (should be "hotter")

12. Correct

13. Correct

14. Correct

15. Correct
 ~ 81 ~

Superlative Adjectives
Use superlatives to compare three or more things:

Ken is the oldest person in the family.

Billy is the youngest person in the family.

Adjective Superlative

Old the oldest

Big the biggest

Easy the easiest

Friendly the friendliest

Beautiful the most beautiful

Expensive the most expensive

Good the best

Bad the worst

Far the farthest

 ~ 82 ~

Examples:

• My grandmother is the oldest person in my family.

• Russia is the biggest country in the world.
• This is the easiest test I've ever taken.
• Barry is the friendliest guy in the class.
• Donna is the most beautiful woman I've ever seen.
• The most expensive shoes in the world cost 1.5 million dollars.
• I like all sports, but I like soccer the best.
• Picking up garbage was the worst job I've ever had.
• Australia is the farthest I've ever traveled.

Don‟t forget “the”!

• I read newest lesson from Espresso English.

• I read the newest lesson from Espresso English.

Superlatives are often used with the present perfect + ever:

• This is the best sushi I've ever eaten.

• What's the most expensive car you've ever driven?
• The longest book I've ever read was 500 pages.
• Jan is the friendliest person I've ever met.
 ~ 83 ~

Quiz: Superlative Adjectives

1) That's _______________ movie I've ever seen!

A. funniest
B. the funnier
C. the funniest

2) English is _____________ subject for me, and math is

__________________.

A. the easiest / the most difficult

B. easiest / difficultest
C. the most easy / the most difficult

3) Alaska is _______________ place I've ever been to.

A. coldest
B. the coldest
C. the most cold

4) War and Peace is ____________ book I've ever read.

A. the more long

B. the most long
C. the longest

5) That restaurant has __________ food I've ever eaten.

I'll never go back there again.

A. the baddest
B. the worse
C. the worst

6) Paris is considered one of ___________ cities in the world.

A. romanticest
B. more romantic
C. the most romantic
 ~ 84 ~

7) _____________ class at the school starts at 7:00 AM.

A. The earlier
B. The earliest
C. The most early

8) ______________ flight costs $400.

A. The expensivest
B. The worst expensive
C. The least expensive

9) Jaina is ____________ student in the class.

A. the better
B. the best
C. the most good

10) The world's ____________ train has a top speed of

581 kilometers per hour.

A. fastest
B. most fast
C. faster

Answers on the next page

 ~ 85 ~

Quiz Answers: Superlative Adjectives

1) C - the funniest

2) A - the easiest / the most difficult

3) B - the coldest

4) C - the longest

5) C - the worst

6) C - the most romantic

7) B - The earliest

8) C - The least expensive

9) B - the best

10 A - fastest
 ~ 86 ~

Adverbs
Use adjectives to describe nouns (things or people).

Use adverbs to describe verbs (how a person does something):

• That was a terrible game. (adjective – describes “game”)

• The team played terribly. (adverb – describes “played”)

Common adverbs:
Adjective Adverb

slow slowly

quiet quietly

bad badly

beautiful beautifully

dangerous dangerously

careful carefully

easy easily

healthy healthily

good well

fast fast

hard hard
 ~ 87 ~

Examples:
• My grandfather drives slowly, but I drive fast.
• The teacher spoke so quietly that I couldn‟t hear her.
• I can read English well, but I speak badly.
• Evan lives dangerously. He loves radical sports.
• We wrote the letter carefully so as not to make a mistake.
• I opened the jar easily.
• Soccer players need to eat healthily to stay in good shape.
• Janet works very hard. She arrives at work early and leaves late.

Adjectives often go before the noun or after a form of the verb be.
Adverbs usually go after the verb:

• Ruth is a quiet person. (“quiet” describes “person”)

• The machine is quiet. (“quiet” describes “machine”)
• Ruth speaks quietly. (“quietly” describes “speaks”)
 ~ 88 ~

Quiz: Adjective or Adverb?

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence:

1. George gives generous / generously of his time to help

poor children succeed in school.

2. Helen wears very stylish / stylishly clothes.

3. I got a perfect / perfectly score of 100% on my grammar test.

4. My husband learned to cook really good / well after taking

a culinary course.

5. Peter thinks that buying a motorcycle is a bad / badly idea.

6. The music is too loud / loudly; I can‟t hear you.

7. Should I stay in my home country or live abroad? It's a hard /

hardly decision.

8. That part of the city isn't very safe / safely.

9. Wanda dances beautiful / beautifully. I'm sure she'll be

a professional ballerina someday.

10. Please carry that box careful / carefully. It has fragile

electronic equipment inside.

Answers on the next page

 ~ 89 ~

Quiz Answers: Adjective or Adverb?

1. generously

2. stylish

3. perfect

4. well

5. bad

6. loud

7. hard

8. safe

9. beautifully

10. carefully
 ~ 90 ~

Present Perfect: Verb be

Use the present perfect in two situations:

1) To talk about experiences in the past, when we don‟t

know or don‟t say exactly when the experience happened.

Examples:

• Have you been to Italy?

Yes, I‟ve been there three times.
• Have you been to Rio de Janeiro?
No, I haven‟t. I don‟t like hot weather.
• Has Diana been to a rock concert?
Yes, many times!
• Has your brother been to a big sports event?
No, he hasn‟t. He hates sports.

2) To talk about an action or state that started in the past

and continues to the present.

Examples:

• How long have you been married?

I‟ve been married for five years.
• How long has John been a teacher?
He‟s been a teacher since last January.
 ~ 91 ~

Present Perfect: Verb be

Positive

Full Form Short Form

I have I‟ve
You have You‟ve
been to Paris.
We have We‟ve
They have They‟ve

He / she / it has He‟s / she‟s / it‟s been to Paris.

Negative

Full Form Short Form

I have not I haven‟t

You have not You haven‟t
been to Paris.
We have not We haven‟t
They have not They haven‟t

He / she / it has not He / she / it hasn‟t been to Paris.

Question

Auxiliary Verb Subject

Have I / you / we / they been to Paris?

Has he / she / it been to Paris?

 ~ 92 ~

Present Perfect: Other Verbs

Regular verbs

Verb Past Participle Example

travel traveled I‟ve traveled to 15 countries in my life.

watch watched She hasn‟t watched the movie yet.
pass passed We‟ve passed our English test.
try tried Have you tried restarting the computer?
stop stopped They‟ve recently stopped smoking.

Irregular verbs

Verb Past Past Participle

break broke broken

buy bought bought
do did done
eat ate eaten
get got gotten
give gave given
go went gone
know knew known
leave left left
make made made
meet met met
see saw seen
take took taken
tell told told
think thought thought
write wrote written
 ~ 93 ~

Present Perfect: Other Verbs

Examples:

• I can‟t find my car keys. Have you seen

them? No, I haven‟t. Sorry.

• We‟ve written more than 100 e-mails in the past week.

• My cousin has met a lot of famous people in her life.

• Have you ever broken a bone?

Yes, I have.

• Has she ever eaten Vietnamese

food? No, she hasn‟t.

• Have you ever thought about moving to another country?

We‟ve thought about it, but we haven‟t told our kids.

• The teacher hasn‟t given us any homework yet.

• Camilo has made a lot of mistakes in his life.

• Have you ever gotten lost while driving?

No, I haven‟t – but my mother has!

• Kristin has never taken singing classes.

 ~ 94 ~

Quiz: Present Perfect

Mark each sentence correct or incorrect:

1. Have you ever drived a Ferrari?

2. Gary is known Darla for a long time.

3. Has he ever eaten Brazilian food?

4. She's recently wrote a book.

5. Have you heard the new song by Adele?

6. He hasn't woken up yet.

7. Help, police! That man's just stolen my wallet!

8. I haven't take the test yet.

9. I've lived in Orlando for three years.

10. Laura have sold her car.

11. No, they hasn't eaten lunch yet.

12. She's been to Berlin twice.

13. They already given me the money.

14. Has you ever met my brother?

15. I haven't read the newspaper in the past week.

Answers on the next page

 ~ 95 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Perfect

1. Incorrect (should be "driven")

2. Incorrect (should be "has known")

3. Correct

4. Incorrect (should be "written")

5. Correct

6. Correct

7. Correct

8. Incorrect (should be "taken")

9. Correct

10. Incorrect (should be "has sold")

11. Incorrect (should be "haven't eaten")

12. Correct

13. Incorrect (should be "They've already given")

14. Incorrect (should be "Have you met")

15. Correct
 ~ 96 ~

Present Perfect or Past Simple

Use the present perfect to talk about a general experience in the past.
Use the past simple to talk about a specific moment in the past.

“Have you seen the new Mission Impossible film?”

“Yes, I have.”
“When did you see it?”
“I saw it last week.”

Use the present perfect for “unspecified” time:

I‟ve seen the new Mission Impossible film.

Use the past simple for “specified” time:

I saw the new Mission Impossible film last week.

 ~ 97 ~

Present Perfect or Past Simple

Use the present perfect to talk about an action that started in the
past and continues to the present. Use the past simple to talk
about an action that started and finished in the past.

Use the present perfect for “unfinished” time:

“I‟ve lived in Brazil for three years.” (and I live in Brazil now)

Use the past simple for “finished” time:

“I lived in Brazil for three years.” (and I don‟t live in Brazil now)
 ~ 98 ~

Quiz: Present Perfect or Past

Simple?
Choose the correct option to complete each sentence:

1. I didn‟t see / haven‟t seen you at the meeting last Monday.

2. Joel had / has had a lot of interesting jobs in his
life. (Joel is still alive)
3. He knew / „s known his best friend since 1990.
4. Dana called / „s called me an hour ago.
5. I „ve never gone / never went skiing.
6. My parents have lived / lived in the same house for 30
years. (and they still live there)
7. Did / Have you like / liked the movie we saw yesterday?
8. The first man has walked / walked on the moon in 1969.
9. Richard didn‟t meet / hasn‟t met the new teacher yet.
10. They didn‟t visit / haven‟t visited Martha when
they visited Los Angeles last summer.
11. My brother and I didn‟t speak / haven‟t spoken to each
other since January.
12. Did / Have you ever fall / fallen asleep in class?
13. You're late. The meeting has started / started
fifteen minutes ago
14. What airline did you fly / have you flown with on your
last vacation?
15. Did / Has Laurie ever ridden / ride a motorcycle?
16. She had / has had her first child when she was 21.
 ~ 99 ~

Quiz Answers: Present Perfect or Past Simple?

1. didn't see

2. has had

3. 's known

4. called

5. 've never gone

6. have lived

7. Did / like

8. walked

9. hasn't met

10. didn't see

11. haven't spoken

12. Have / fallen

13. started

14. did you fly

15. Has / ridden

16. had

~ 100 ~