INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 10191

Fourth edition
2021-08

Passenger car tyres — Verifying

tyre capabilities — Laboratory test
methods
Pneumatiques pour voitures particulières — Vérification de l'aptitude
des pneumatiques — Méthodes d'essai en laboratoire

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ISO 10191:2021
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9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021

Reference number
ISO 10191:2021(E)

© ISO 2021
ISO 10191:2021(E)


iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

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ISO 10191:2021
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 ISO 10191:2021(E)


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Test equipment and conditions.............................................................................................................................................................. 3
5 Testing of tyres with diagonal or bias-belted structure and of T-type temporary-use
spare tyres.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.1 Endurance test......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.1.1 Preparation of tyre.......................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.1.2 Test procedure.................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.2 High-speed test........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.2 Preparation of tyre.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.3 Test method........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.3 Strength test............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.4 Bead unseating test (of tubeless tyres).............................................................................................................................. 6
6 Requirements for tyres with diagonal or bias-belted structure and for T-type
temporary-use spare tyres.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.1 Test sample.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
6.2 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Endurance test......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.3 High-speed test........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
6.4
(standards.iteh.ai)
Strength test............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.5 Bead unseating test (of tubeless tyres).............................................................................................................................. 8
ISO 10191:2021
7 Testing of radial tyres....................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
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7.1 Endurance test and low-pressure 9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021 performance test............................................................................................... 8
7.1.1 Preparation of tyre.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.1.2 Test procedure for endurance test.................................................................................................................... 8
7.1.3 Preparation of tyre for low-pressure performance test.................................................................. 9
7.2 High-speed test..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.2.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.2.2 Preparation of tyre....................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.2.3 Test method for tyres with speed symbols F, G, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R or S........................ 10
7.2.4 Test method for tyres with speed symbols T, U, H, V, W or Y................................................... 11
7.2.5 Test method for tyres with the code letters ZR in the size designation and
both the load index and the speed symbol Y placed within parentheses
intended for use at speeds greater than 300 km/h......................................................................... 12
8 Requirements for radial tyres..............................................................................................................................................................12
8.1 Test sample............................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
8.2 Endurance test and low-pressure performance test............................................................................................ 12
8.3 High-speed test..................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Annex A (informative) High-speed test — Test conditions for tyres without service
description marking.......................................................................................................................................................................................14
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

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ISO 10191:2021(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www​.iso​.org/​directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www​.iso​.org/​patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www​.iso​.org/​
iso/​foreword​.html. (standards.iteh.ai)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 31, Tyres, rims and valves, Subcommittee
SC 3, Passenger car tyres and rims. ISO 10191:2021
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/76a91e15-031b-44ea-9aa4-
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021
third edition (ISO 10191:2010), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared with the previous edition are as follows:
— separation of test methods and requirements for radial tyres and diagonal tyres, bias-belted tyres
and T-type temporary spare tyres;
— replace the descriptions of strength test and bead unseating test by reference to the corresponding
ASTM standards;
— align endurance test and high-speed test for radial tyres with UN GTR No. 16[1];
— allow PTFE coating of drums for endurance test;
— reduce conditioning time for high-speed test;
— allow drum acceleration in steps;
— editorial changes to improve consistency of the text and align with terms defined in ISO 4223-1:2017.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www​.iso​.org/​members​.html.

iv  © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10191:2021(E)

Passenger car tyres — Verifying tyre capabilities —

Laboratory test methods

1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for verifying the capabilities of tyres for passenger cars. Of the
test methods presented, it is possible that only some will be required depending on the construction of
the tyre (diagonal, bias-belted, radial or T-type construction) to be tested. The tests are carried out in a
laboratory under controlled conditions.
This document includes endurance tests, a low-pressure performance test, high-speed tests and
requirements for bead unseating and tyre strength.
The test methods presented in this document are not intended for gradation of tyre performance or
quality levels. This document applies to all passenger car tyres.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
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undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 4223-1:2017, Definitions of some terms used in the tyre industry — Part 1: Pneumatic tyres
ASTM F414-15, Standard Test Method forISO Energy Absorbed by a Tire When Deformed by Slow-Moving
10191:2021
Plunger https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/76a91e15-031b-44ea-9aa4-
9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021
ASTM F2663-15, Standard Test Method for Bead Unseating of Tubeless Passenger and Light Truck Tires

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4223-1:2017 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://​w ww​.iso​.org/​obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://​w ww​.electropedia​.org/​
3.1
bead separation
breakdown of bond between components in the bead area
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.1]
3.2
belt separation
parting of rubber compound between belt layers or between belts and plies
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.2]

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ISO 10191:2021(E)


3.3
chunking
breaking away of pieces of rubber from the tread that can expose reinforcing material
Note 1 to entry: Examples for reinforcing material that can be exposed include a polyamide overlay or steel belts.

3.3.1
parasitic tread block chunking
PTBC
breaking away of pieces, or tearing, of rubber within a tread block without exposing reinforcing
material
Note 1 to entry: PTBC is an artefact of testing a loaded tire on a roadwheel; it is not indicative of a tire structural
problem and does not occur in real-world operation. It generally occurs in the endurance test of tyres with soft
tread compounds and/or complex tread geometry, e.g. including many sipes.

Note 2 to entry: Examples for reinforcing material that shall not be exposed include a polyamide overlay or steel
belts.

3.4
cord separation
parting of the cords from their rubber coating
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.4]
3.5
cracking iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
any parting within the tread, sidewall or inner liner of the tyre that may extend to cord material
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.5]
(standards.iteh.ai)
3.6 ISO 10191:2021
inner liner separation https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/76a91e15-031b-44ea-9aa4-
parting of inner liner from cord material in9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021
the carcass
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.6]
3.7
open splice
any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall or inner liner that that may extend to cord material
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.11]
3.8
ply separation
parting of adjacent plies
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.7]
3.9
sidewall separation
parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.13]
3.10
tread separation
pulling away of the tread from the carcass
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.9]

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 ISO 10191:2021(E)


3.11
test rim
rim on which the tyre is fitted for specific testing and, unless specified otherwise, approved or
recommended or permitted in one of the regional tyre standards for a tyre of that size designation and
type
[SOURCE: ISO 4223-1:2017, 3.8.8, modified — “pneumatic tyre” has been changed to “tyre”.]
3.12
test drum speed
peripheral speed of the steel test drum
3.13
maximum load rating
reference mass corresponding to the load index used to define the load capacity (3.14) of a tyre
3.14
load capacity
maximum load that the tyre is able to carry subject to its operating speed and its speed category

4 Test equipment and conditions

4.1 Test drum, cylindrical driven flywheel (drum) having a diameter of 1,7 m ± 1 % or 2,0 m ± 1 %.

The surface of the drum shall be smooth steel. For the endurance test and low-pressure performance
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
test according to 7.1, the drum may be coated with a thin layer of non-stick material, e.g.
(standards.iteh.ai)
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to eliminate parasitic tread block chunking (PTBC), provided that the
total drum diameter remains within above limits. The width of the test surface and, if applicable, the
width of the thin layer of the non-stick material shall be equal to or exceed the overall width of the test
ISO 10191:2021
tyre. https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/76a91e15-031b-44ea-9aa4-
9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021
When PTFE lubricant is used as non-stick material, care shall be taken that the composition of the
lubricant is suitable for use with rubber compounds. For example, silicone-oil-based lubricants with
PTFE content between 40 % and 55 % have shown appropriate performance for this purpose.
For the test drum, the loading device shall have a capacity of at least 1 000 kg and the accuracy shall be
within ±1 % of the full scale. The speed capability of the equipment shall be adequate for the
requirements of the test methods. The accuracy of the test drum speed shall be within +20 km/h.

4.2 Inflation pressure gauges, with a maximum scale value of at least 500 kPa and an accuracy
within ±5 kPa.

4.3 Conditioning and test room temperature: If a tyre manufacture desires to increase test severity,
tyre conditioning and the tests may be carried out at a higher temperature than specified in the respective
subclauses.

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ISO 10191:2021(E)


5 Testing of tyres with diagonal or bias-belted structure and of T-type

temporary-use spare tyres

5.1 Endurance test

5.1.1 Preparation of tyre

5.1.1.1 Mount the tyre on a test rim and inflate it to the pressure specified in Table 1.

Table 1 — Test inflation pressures for endurance test

Tyre type Test inflation pressure
kPa
Standard 180
Reinforced/extra load 220
T type (temporary use) 360

5.1.1.2 Maintain the tyre and rim assembly at an ambient temperature of not less than 35 °C for at
least 3 h.

5.1.2 Test procedure

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5.1.2.1 Readjust the inflation pressure to the value specified in Table 1 immediately before testing.
(standards.iteh.ai)
5.1.2.2 Mount the tyre and rim assembly on a test axle and press the tyre radially against the outer face
of the test drum. ISO 10191:2021
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9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021
5.1.2.3 During the test, the ambient temperature, at a distance of not less than 150 mm and not more
than 1,0 m from the tyre, shall be at least 35 °C. No provision shall be made for cooling the tyre during the
test.

5.1.2.4 Conduct the test, without interruptions, at not less than 80 km/h test speed with loads and test
periods not less than those shown in Table 2.

Table 2 — Test parameters for endurance test of tyres with diagonal or bias-belted structure
Test period Duration Test load
as percentage of
maximum load rating
min. min.
1 4h 85 %
2 6h 90 %
3 24 h 100 %

5.1.2.5 Throughout the test, the inflation pressure shall not be corrected, and the test loads shall be
kept constant at the value corresponding to each test period.

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 ISO 10191:2021(E)


5.2 High-speed test

5.2.1 General

For those tyres not marked with a service description, note should be taken of the additional test
conditions given in Annex A.

5.2.2 Preparation of tyre

5.2.2.1 Mount the tyre on a test rim, inflate it to a pressure related to its speed symbol, tyre version
and load type, as shown in Table 3.

In exceptional cases, a different test inflation pressure may be used. In such a case, the tyre shall be
inflated to that pressure.

Table 3 — Test inflation pressures for high-speed test

Test inflation pressure
kPa
Speed symbol Diagonal Bias-belted
Normal (stand- Reinforced
LR B / 4PR LR C / 6PR LR D / 8PR
ard) (extra load)
L, M, N 230 270 300 240 280
P, Q, R, S
iTeh
260
STANDARD
300
PREVIEW
330 260 300
T, U, H 280 (standards.iteh.ai)
320 350 280 320
V 300 340 370 300 340
W, Y n. def. n.ISO
def.10191:2021 n. def. 320 360
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In the case of T-type temporary-use spare tyres, the tyre shall be inflated to 420 kPa.
9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021
5.2.2.2 Maintain the tyre and rim assembly at test room temperature for at least 3 h.

5.2.3 Test method

5.2.3.1 Before or after mounting the tyre and rim assembly on a test axle, re-adjust the inflation
pressure to that specified in 5.2.2.

5.2.3.2 Press the tyre and rim assembly against the outer face of the test drum.

5.2.3.3 Apply a load to the test axle according to Table 4.

Table 4 — Test loads for high-speed test

Speed symbol Test load
as percentage of the maximum load rating
L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, H 80 %
V 73 %
W, Y 68 %

5.2.3.4 Throughout the test, the inflation pressure shall not be corrected, and the test load shall be
kept constant.

5.2.4.5 During the test, the temperature in the test room, measured at a distance of not less than
150 mm and not more than 1,0 m from the tyre, shall be maintained at between 20 °C and 30 °C.

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ISO 10191:2021(E)


5.2.4.6 The initial test speed is equal to the tyre’s speed category:

— less 40 km/h on a 1,7 m drum; or

— less 30 km/h on a 2,0 m drum.

5.2.4.7 Test procedure

Conduct the test, without interruptions, according to Table 5 in relation to the tyre’s speed symbol.

Table 5 — Test speed steps for high-speed test of tyres

Step Test drum speed Minimum duration for Minimum duration for
tyres with speed category tyres with speed cate-
270 km/h (speed symbol gory 300 km/h (speed
W) or below symbol Y)
1 Acceleration from zero to initial test speeda 10 min 10 min
2 initial test speed 10 min 20 min
3 initial test speed plus 10 km/h 10 min 10 min
4 initial test speed plus 20 km/h 10 min 10 min
5 initial test speed plus 30 km/h 10 min 10 min
6 initial test speed plus 30 km/hb 10 min not applicable
a The acceleration from zero to the initial test speed can be done at a constant rate or in several steps, whereby the area
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
under the speed-time curve shall not be smaller than that with constant acceleration.
b On 1,7 m drums, the tyre manufacturer may use a test drum speed equal to the initial test speed plus 40 km/h, if
increasing test severity is desired. (standards.iteh.ai)
5.3 Strength test ISO 10191:2021
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The strength test shall be performed pursuant to ASTM F414-15.
9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021

5.4 Bead unseating test (of tubeless tyres)

The bead unseating test of tubeless tyres shall be performed pursuant to ASTM F2663-15.

6 Requirements for tyres with diagonal or bias-belted structure and for T-type
temporary-use spare tyres

6.1 Test sample

Two or three tyres with identical characteristics, e.g. size designation and service description or
maximum load rating and speed capability, shall comprise a test sample:
a) one tyre shall be used for the endurance test;
b) a second tyre shall be used for the high-speed performance test;
c) for tyres with diagonal or bias-belted structure, a third tyre shall be used for the measurement of
bead unseating, if applicable, and then of strength.
The inflation pressures, loads, speeds and durations shall be as specified for each test method.
Each test sample shall conform to the requirements specified in 6.2 to 6.5.

6  © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

 ISO 10191:2021(E)


6.2 Endurance test

6.2.1 When a tyre has been subjected to the laboratory endurance test specified in 5.1, using a test
rim and a valve that undergo no permanent deformation and allow no loss of air, there shall be no visual
evidence of tread, sidewall, ply, cord, inner liner, belt or bead separation, chunking, open splices, cracking
or broken cords. Notwithstanding the above, PTBC would be acceptable.

6.2.2 The inflation pressure measured immediately after the test shall not be less than the initial
pressure specified in 5.1.1.1.

6.3 High-speed test

6.3.1 When a tyre has been subjected to the laboratory high-speed test specified in 5.2, using a test
rim and a valve that undergo no permanent deformation and allow no loss of air, there shall be no visual
evidence of tread, sidewall, ply, cord, inner liner, belt or bead separation, chunking (including PTBC),
open splices, cracking or broken cords.

6.3.2 The inflation pressure measured immediately after the test shall not be less than the initial
pressure specified in 5.2.2.2.

6.3.3 The outer diameter of the tyre, measured 2 h after completion of the laboratory high-speed test,
shall not differ by more than ±3,5 % from the outer diameter as measured before the test.
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
6.4 Strength test
(standards.iteh.ai)
6.4.1 When tested in accordance with ASTM F414-15, a tyre with diagonal or bias-belted structure
shall meet the requirements for minimumISO 10191:2021
breaking energy specified in 6.4.2 or 6.4.3, as applicable.
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9f475201e3cc/iso-10191-2021
6.4.2 For tyres in a standard or reinforced version with a nominal section width of 160 mm or above,
the minimum breaking energy value is that specified in Table 6.

For tyres in a light load, standard load or reinforced version with a nominal section width less than
160 mm, the minimum breaking energy value shall be reduced by 25 % compared with those specified
in Table 6.

Table 6 — Minimum breaking energy

Tyre version Minimum breaking energy
J
Light load, standard load 295
Reinforced/extra load 585
In the case of other tyre versions or when test inflation pressures differ from those recommended for tyre measurements
in Table 1, the value of the minimum breaking energy, Emin, in joules, is calculated using the equation:
J
    E min = 7 , 35( p1 − 140kPa )
kPa
where p1 is the test inflation pressure, in kilopascals, specified for the test, provided that the test inflation pressure is
165 kPa or more.

6.4.3 For T-type temporary-use spare tyres, the minimum breaking energy required shall be:

a) 295 J for tyres with a maximum load rating of 400 kg (load index 76) and above;
b) 220 J for tyres with a maximum load rating below 400 kg (load index 76).

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved  7