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Sine Law - Problems

This document contains information about using the Sine Law theorem and Ratio Lemma to solve geometry problems involving triangles. It presents eight problems involving triangles, circumcircles, incircles, and their properties. The problems range from determining if lines are parallel to proving points are concyclic. Solutions to the problems utilize the Sine Law, Ratio Lemma, and other triangle properties related to angles, lengths, and circles.

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Syed Shuja Haider
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193 views2 pages

Sine Law - Problems

This document contains information about using the Sine Law theorem and Ratio Lemma to solve geometry problems involving triangles. It presents eight problems involving triangles, circumcircles, incircles, and their properties. The problems range from determining if lines are parallel to proving points are concyclic. Solutions to the problems utilize the Sine Law, Ratio Lemma, and other triangle properties related to angles, lengths, and circles.

Uploaded by

Syed Shuja Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Clever uses of Sine Law

Miroslav Marinov

Theorem (Sine Law). For any triangle ABC with circumradius R we have

BC AC AB
= = = 2R.
sin ∠BAC sin ∠ABC sin ∠ACB

Sometimes people like using the following (I do not really and it will not be needed in
any of the problems here).

Lemma (Ratio Lemma). Let M be a triangle and M be a point on the line BC. Then

BM AB sin ∠BAM
= · .
CM AC sin ∠CAM

Proof. The Sine Law in triangles ABM and ACM yields


BM AB CM AC
= and = .
sin ∠BAM sin ∠AM B sin ∠CAM sin ∠AM C
Since ∠AM B + ∠AM C = 180◦ , we have sin ∠AM B = sin ∠AM C. Hence dividing the
two relations above yields the result.

Throughout for a triangle ABC we write BC = a, AC = b, AB = c, ∠BAC = α,


∠ABC = β, ∠ACB = γ, unless specified otherwise.

Problem 1 (Zhautykov 2007/2)


Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral, with ∠BAC = ∠DAC and M a point inside
such that ∠M BA = ∠M CD and ∠M BC = ∠M DC. Show that the angle ∠ADC
is equal to ∠BM C or ∠AM B.

Problem 2 (IMO 2018/1)


Let ABC be an acute triangle with circumcircle Γ. Points D and E are on segments
AB and AC respectively such that AD = AE. The perpendicular bisectors of BD
and CE intersect minor arcs AB and AC of Γ at points F and G respectively. Prove
that lines DE and F G are either parallel or coincide.

1
Sine Law Miroslav Marionv

Problem 3 (Bulgaria IMO TST 2008)


Let ABC be a right triangle with ∠ABC = 90◦ . The incircle of ABC is tangent to
the sides BC, CA, AB at points D, E, F , respectively. The line AD intersects the
incircle again at P . If ∠CP F = 90◦ , then prove that P E and BC are parallel.

Problem 4 (All-Russian Olympiad 2015, Grade 10)


Let ABCD be a parallelogram with AB < AC < BC. The points E and F on the
circumcircle ω of ABC are such that the tangents to ω at these points pass through
point D and the segments AD and CE intersect. It turned out that ∠ABF = ∠DCE.
Find the measure of angle ∠ABC.

Problem 5 (Bulgaria EGMO TST 2019)


Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral with circumcircle ω centered at O, whose
diagonals intersect at H. Let O1 and O2 be the circumcenters of triangles AHD and
BHC. A line through H intersects ω at M1 and M2 and intersects the circumcircles
of triangles O1 HO and O2 HO at N1 and N2 , respectively, so that N1 and N2 lie
inside ω. Prove that M1 N1 = M2 N2 .

Problem 6 (JBMO 2023/4)


Let ABC be an acute triangle with circumcenter O. Let D be the foot of the altitude
from A to BC and let M be the midpoint of OD. The points Ob and Oc are the
circumcenters of triangles AOC and AOB, respectively. If AO = AD, prove that
points A, Ob , M and Oc are concyclic.

Two Homework Problems


Problem 7 (IMO Shortlist 2022 G4)
Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with AC > AB and circumcenter O and let D
be a point on the segment BC. The line through D perpendicular to BC intersects
the lines AO, AC and AB at W, X and Y , respectively. The circumcircles of triangles
AXY and ABC intersect again at Z ̸= A.
̸ D and OW = OD, then DZ is tangent to the circumcircle of
Prove that if W =
triangle AXY .

Problem 8 (USA TST 2024/2)


Let ABC be a triangle with incenter I. Let segment AI intersect the incircle of
triangle ABC at point D. Suppose that line BD is perpendicular to line AC. Let
P be a point such that ∠BP A = ∠P AI = 90◦ . Point Q lies on segment BD such
that the circumcircle of triangle ABQ is tangent to line BI. Point X lies on line
P Q such that ∠IAX = ∠CAX. Prove that ∠AXP = 45◦ .

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