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A Selective, Annotated Bibliography on the Nations of South Asia (Par 11)

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Elizabeth Curtiss

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13. ABSTRACT {Maximum 200 words)

Monthly (previously annual, semiannual, and quarterly) bibliography series contains citations of monographs and serial articles
relating to the countries of the Indian subcontinent: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri
Lanka. The compilation is selective and is intended principally as a reference work for research on the foreign relations,
governments, and politics of the nations concerned.

14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES

13
South Asia India Government
Afghanistan Pakistan Politics 16. PRICE CODE
Bangladesh Maldives Foreign relations
Bhutan Sri Lanka

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A SELECTIVE, ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON
THE NATIONS OF SOUTH ASIA
(Received in March 1984)

May 1984

Author: Elizabeth R. Curtiss

 PREFACE

This bibliography continues the monthly series compiling analytic material

on the nations of South Asia. The countries included are: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. There is a
general South Asia section for works having multilateral implications. This
selective reference work is intended to support research on the foreign
relations, governments, politics, and economies of the nations of South Asia.
Material included is both retrospective and current, and represents works
received, cataloged, or indexed, in March 1984.

Citations are arranged geographically and listed alphabetically by author

within each country section. Works bearing on or analyzing more than one nation
are entered under each country concerned. Where citations lack an accompanying
abstract, the work was not on hand at the time of this issue; an abstract will be
included when the work is received.

Word processing was accomplished by Angela M. Bloom.

11
 A SELECTIVE, ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF THE NATIONS OF SOUTH ASIA
(Received in March 1984)

AFGHANISTAN

Kapur, K. D. Soviet Strategy in South Asia: Perspectives on Soviet Policies

Toward the Indian Sub Continent and Afghanistan. New Delhi: Young Asia,
1983. 545 pp.

The author applies exhaustive research to the hypothesis that the USSR has
pursued an equidistant course between India and Pakistan. This policy began
in the late 1950s in response to political uncertainty inside India and,
later, Pakistan's growing association with China. Kapur1s main evidence is
Soviet promotion of peace treaties between the two nations following their
various armed conflicts. Much of the book is historical, with special
attention to Soviet reluctance to sanction India's obvious desires,
throughout 1971, to intervene in East Pakistan. Regarding Afghanistan,
Kapur says that although Soviet motivations cannot be fully interpreted,
"the many CIA camps" on the Pakistani border provide a security threat to
"the superpower's local ally". Despite its bias, the scholarship gives merit
to the book. (bibliography, index, notes)

"Long-Range War on the Education Front." Arabia, the Islamic World Review, March
1984, p. 27.

Since 1979, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) has made major
changes in its education system. The war between the government and the
mujahiddin has caused demographic shifts, sending 3 million Afghans into
refugee camps outside the country, and driving another 10 percent of the
population into the cities. Kabul has gone from a population of 700,000 in
1978 to 1.4 million in 1984. In the towns under its control, the DRA has set
about creating a Soviet-style education system, using women teachers to
replace men in uniform. Many Afghans now associate any western-style
education with the hated regime, a prejudice which hampers mujahiddin
efforts to address the nation's overwhelming illiteracy. The article,
noting that many conservative professionals and intellectuals are
unemployed in Pakistan or moving to western cities, suggests that an Afghan
university-in-exile be formed to help preserve the Islamic culture for which
the mujahiddin are laying down their lives.

BANGLADESH

Agwani, M. S., ed. South Asia: Stability and Regional Cooperation.

Chandigarh: Center for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, 1983.
150 pp.

Despite its Indo-centric perspective, this book takes a thorough look into a
multilateral collaborative process which has already yielded some benefits
 to the region. When Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman proposed the idea 7
years ago, India feared that the South Asia Regional Council (SARC) would
allow the smaller nations to unite against the current imbalance of power.
Conversely, the other nations feared that Bangladesh (which was born through
New Delhi's active military assistance) was simply creating another forum
for India to dominate. The authors discuss various agencies set up under
SARC auspices, as all parties have come to recognize the value of
multilateral institutions in preserving harmonious relations, (index, notes)

Ali, Syed M. "Political Parties Unlimited." Bangladesh Today, 1 July 1983,

p. 8.

This catalogue of 65 of the mainline Bangladeshi political parties includes

names of major supporters and the activities which each group has carried
out. Many are more properly considered factions, but through patronage and
financial wizardry have acquired power beyond their promise. Several under-
ground radical groups with no hope of sharing power in a constitutional
system have been left out, but the article forms a handy scorecard for anyone
trying to follow the elections agitation now underway.

Azam, Shafiul. "The Bangla-Burmese Bridge." Bangladesh Today, 1 June 1983,

p. 20.

In 1978, 200,000 Rohingyas, a Muslim minority from the Burmese state of

Arakan, entered Bangladesh as refugees, thereby creating tension between the
two nations for the first time. The exodus was prompted by a nationality-
based census, ordered by the Rangoon government. This mandated action added
to Rohingya fears that they would be further discriminated against by the
Burmese Government which already had imposed earlier restrictions on their
assimilation and citizenship. In the face of this population displacement,
Bangladesh and Burma, assisted by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees,
negotiated a successful repatriation agreement. Since then, the two states
have established amicable bilateral channels for trade and cultural ex-
changes, with Bangladesh importing buffalo and rice from Burma. Officially,
Burma imports almost nothing from Bangladesh, but pharmaceuticals and per-
sonal items covertly cross the 275 kilometer border into Burma's closed
economy.

Kamaluddin, S. "Opposition Roadblock." Far Eastern Economic Review, 15 March

1984, p. 15.

President H. M. Ershad has lost control, at least temporarily, of the "march

toward democracy." Although the opposition parties still have weaknesses,
limited violence in February produced massive mourning processions for the
state's victims. A strike called for 1 March attracted widespread support,
and by 5 March, 499 candidates in the next elections had joined the electoral
boycott by withdrawing their names. The opposition parties reject President
Ershad's offer of simultaneous parliamentary and presidential elections.
Instead, they want the president to be selected after the legislature is in
place.
Kapur, K. D. Soviet Strategy in South Asia; Perspectives on Soviet Policies
Toward the Indian Sub Continent and Afghanistan. New Delhi: Young Asia,
1983. 545 pp.

The author applies exhaustive research to the hypothesis that the USSR has
pursued an equidistant course between India and Pakistan. This policy began
in the late 1950s in response to political uncertainty inside India and,
later, Pakistan's growing association with China. Kapur's main evidence is
Soviet promotion of peace treaties between the two nations following their
various armed conflicts. Much of the book is historical, with special
attention to Soviet reluctance to sanction India's obvious desires,
throughout 1971, to intervene in East Pakistan. Regarding Afghanistan,
Kapur says that although Soviet motivations cannot be fully interpreted,
"the many CIA camps" on the Pakistani border provide a security threat to
"the superpower's local ally." Despite its bias, the scholarship gives merit
to the book. (bibliography, index, notes)

Khan, A. R. "Real Wages of Agricultural Workers in Bangladesh." Economic and

Political Weekly. January 1984, p. PE-40.

The author illustrates the century-long decline in real wages as measured in

money and in rice equivalence. The slide was especially precipitous during
the last decade. Today only one-third of the population is engaged in
nonsubsistence economic activity, and pressures on land are increasing.
While these ideas are generally known, the article is unusually thorough in
its treatment of details within the parameters of Bangladesh's economic
devolution. Long-term planners will find it especially useful. (notes,
tables)

Murty, T. S. Assam: The Difficult Years. New Delhi: Himalayan Books, 1983.
293 pp.

The author, who spent his Indian Administrative Services career in the north-
eastern states and border kingdoms, begins his account with the state and
national victories of the Janata Party in 1978. By tying Assam's state
government to a noncohesive center party, the election results allowed frag-
mentation of state politics along ethnic lines. The Assamese denounced the
tribals and the Bangladeshis; the tribals denounced the Assamese and the
Bangladeshis, while the politicians with Bangladeshi support denounced ev-
eryone else. Murty devotes the bulk of this thoroughly-researched work to a
week-by-week account of events since Gandhi's return to power in 1980. In
its depth and objectivity, the book is a uniquely valuable resource on one of
the most acute problems in India today. (appendices, bibliography, index,
notes)

Parasher, S. C, ed. Commonwealth Today. New Delhi: Indian Council of World

Affairs, 1983. 233 pp.

Three chapters of this otherwise historical work merit attention for their
treatment of a foreign policy mechanism unknown to most Americans.
 "Commonwealth in a Changing World," by K. P. Karunkaran, despite its pro-
Soviet rhetoric, gives an up-do-date portrait of the members and their
international importance. Rasheeddudin Khan's "Commonwealth and the Third
World" describes mutual interests among the states which have resulted from
the break-up of the British Empire. K. P. Misra's "Commonwealth and Regional
Cooperation" traces attempts by Asia/Pacific members to fashion elements of
the worldwide framework into a regional structure. The book demonstrates
that the Commonwealth is a unique opportunity for most English-speaking
states to discuss multilateral matters on an equal and confidential basis.
Bad relations between India and Pakistan have impaired the workings of the
Commonwealth (of which Pakistan is no longer a member), and both New Delhi
and Islamabad have been the losers by their failure to more fully exploit
this forum for communication.

Samad, Saleem. "Chittagong Port: Albatross Around the Maritime Neck."

Bangladesh Today, 1 July 1983, p. 20.

Eighty percent of all trade in and out of Bangladesh uses Chittagong Port,
yet siltation is rapidly limiting the draught of ships which can reach its
berths. The author examines alternative sites which have been proposed as
successors. Although most lie immediately south of Chittagong on the same
river delta, Samad prefers an upgrading of the nation's second-busiest port,
Khulna, which lies on a separate, more stable delta. The article itemizes
Chittagong's current growing problems, and specifies major requirements
which the next port will have to meet.

Syed, A. M., and Khasru, Amir. "Population: The Time Bomb Ticks Away."
Bangladesh Today, 16 June 1983, p. 8.

This overview of Bangladesh's pressing population problem finds causes in

individuals and in socioeconomic conditions. Men have children by several
wives but take little responsibility for them. Women are too illiterate to
follow family planning advice and too subjugated to risk limiting the number
of children they have. Health care professionals prefer to work in the
cities; they avoid rural areas where the people have nothing to do but work
and procreate. USAID funding for family planning programs has been the major
motivator for what little has been undertaken against this challenge. The
authors hypothesize methods for adapting China's successful birth control
program to Bangladesh. To start with, they would install television sets to
provide inexpensive and harmless diversion for every village.

BHUTAN

Agwani, M. S., ed. South Asia: Stability and Regional Cooperation. Chandigarh:
Center for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, 1983. 150 pp.

Despite its Indo-centric perspective, this book takes a thorough look into a
multilateral collaborative process which has already yielded some benefits
to the region. When Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman proposed the idea 7
years ago, India feared that the South Asia Regional Council (SARC) would
 allow the smaller nations to unite against the current imbalance of power.
Conversely, the other nations feared that Bangladesh (which was born through
New Delhi's active military assistance) was simply creating another forum
for India to dominate. The authors discuss various agencies set up under
SARC auspices, as all parties have come to recognize the value of multi-
lateral institutions in preserving harmonious relations. (index, notes)

Dastgir, F. H. "Bhutan: Big Brotherly Botherations?" Bangladesh Today, 1 June

1983, p. 22. ~

Although Bhutan is an independent kingdom, India insists that all

development aid and visa requests must be approved by New Delhi. Since
Bhutan is the poorest nation in the world, this could be considered friendly
assistance, except that India has shown singular reluctance to join in
multinational arenas set up to aid the Least Developed Nations. When finally
India was prodded to attend one such forum in 1983, the representatives
were of extremely low rank and expertise.

INDIA

Agwani, M. S., ed. South Asia; Stability and Regional Cooperation. Chandigarh:
Center for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, 1983. 150 pp.

Despite its Indo-centric perspective, this book takes a thorough look into a
multilateral collaborative process which has already yielded some benefits
to the region. When Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman proposed the idea 7
years ago, India feared that the South Asia Regional Council (SARC) would
allow the smaller nations to unite against the current imbalance of power.
Conversely, the other nations feared that Bangladesh (which was born through
New Delhi's active military assistance) was simply creating another forum
for India to dominate. The authors discuss various agencies set up under
SARC auspices, as all parties have come to recognize the value of multi-
lateral institutions in preserving harmonious relations. (index, notes)

Bhatia, Vinod, ed. Indo-Soviet Relations: Problems and Prospects. New Delhi:
Panscheel, 1984. 193 pp. ~

The book presents an opportunity to observe the pro-Soviet prejudice common

in India's foreign policy establishment. The authors are associated with
Jawaharlal Nehru University, the press, and government. The book tends
heavily toward historical material, but the chapters dealing with bilateral
trade and treaties illustrate the very real assets India has reaped from her
strongest relationship. Criticism of Pakistan and the western nations bodes
ill for any gestures toward peaceful relations.

Bobb, Dilip. "A Raw Repast." India Today, 15 March 1984, p. 63.

The Nair commission on intelligence reports that even the favored Research
and Analysis Wing (RAW) is burdened with political appointees, intellectual
 lightweights, and sybarites in search of comfortable overseas postings. In-
country assignment are similarly ill-conceived, with personnel often unable
to speak the languages of the regions they are sent to report on. The
current head of RAW, Gary Saxena, has surrounded himself with sycophants in
lieu of competent investigative staff members. Moreover, despite Gandhi's
personal order against it, many police officers have remained on deputized
duty beyond 4 years and 5 months. Nair's report calls for an oversight
bureau. Until now there has been no official response.

Dastgir, F. H. "Bhutan: Big Brotherly Botherations?" Bangladesh Today, 1 June

1983, p. 22.

Although Bhutan is an independent kingdom, India insists that all

development aid and visa requests must be approved by New Delhi. Since
Bhutan is the poorest nation in the world, this could be considered friendly
assistance, except that India has shown singular reluctance to join in
multinational arenas set up to aid the Least Developed Nations. When finally
India was prodded to attend one such forum in 1983, the representatives
were of extremely low rank and expertise.

Fadia, Babulal. State Politics in India, Volume 1. New Delhi: Radiant, 1984.
500 pp.

The author, who teaches political science in Rajasthan, has produced an

extensive work on relations between the state and center governments. Using
Myron Weiner's analytic guidelines, he examines the following determinants
of a state's make-up: constitutional framework, economic development
process (particularly the power tension between the states and the Planning
Commission), the sociocultural environment, bureaucracy, the state's
importance in the company of other states, geography, and finally, its unique
political actors. President's rule and the assignment of governors and chief
ministers takes up a large share in the discussion of abuse of powers by the
center. (bibliography, index, notes, tables)

Fadia, Babulal. State Politics in India, Volume 2. New Delhi: Radiant, 1984.
318 pp.

"Each study in this volume treats the state as a political subsystem within a
larger system, but nonetheless also as a separate political system." Fadia
finds a unique political profile in each state. Haryana's politicians switch
parties before, during and after elections. Punjab's well-known Sikh
politics have been a factor for years. Uttar Pradesh is a sprawling, diverse
state united primarily by Hindi language and cultural linkages. West Bengal,
one of the most urbanized and politicized states, takes a confrontational
attitude toward the federal government. The author fails to turn his
incisive gaze on Assam: the other states covered are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
Kerala, Orissa, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. (appendices, bibliography,
index, maps, notes, tables)
India, Government of. Indian Railways Year Book 1981-82. New Delhi: Ministry
of Railways, c.1983. 179 pp.

This volume discusses the purposes of India's railways, electrification,

signalling and telecommunication, rolling stock, passenger traffic, freight
traffic, utilization of assets, and employee relations. There is
information about the various gauges used, and the proportion of each one in
miles traveled. Additionally, there are clues to numerous other factors
which would have to be considered in any rapid mobilization. Some lines are
overly-used; some are only now being supplied with latrines and fresh water;
and food catering on most trains is still in the developmental stages.
However, the steady indigenization of production, maintenance and resupply
of this massive infrastructure is a credit to India's development, (annexes,
charts, graphs, tables)

Jones, Rodney W., ed. Small Nuclear Forces and U.S. Security Policy; Threats
and Potential Conflicts in the Middle East and South Asia. Lexington, MA:
D. C. Heath, 1984. 278 pp.

The authors in this excellent collection have been asked to assume a world in
which horizontal nuclear proliferation has become a reality, and to
calculate US security options under the resulting constraints. Separate
chapters discuss: "Small Nuclear Forces in South Asia," "Small Nuclear
Forces: Soviet Political and Military Responses," and "NATO and SNF
Proliferation: A Speculative Inquiry." Written by noted authors, the essays
provide specific planning scenarios which would have to be considered in a
world of nuclear proliferation. Anyone interested in theater-planning in
the next century will find this book valuable. (appendix, bibliography,
glossary, maps, tables)

Kapur, K. D. Soviet Strategy in South Asia: Perspectives on Soviet Policies

Toward the Indian Sub Continent and Afghanistan. New Delhi: Young Asia,
1983. 545 pp.

The author applies exhaustive research to the hypothesis that the USSR has
pursued an equidistant course between India and Pakistan. This policy began
in the late 1950s in response to political uncertainty inside India and,
later, Pakistan's growing association with China. Kapur's main evidence is
Soviet promotion of peace treaties between the two nations following their
various armed conflicts. Much of the book is historical, with special
attention to Soviet reluctance to sanction India's obvious desires,
throughout 1971, to intervene in East Pakistan. Regarding Afghanistan,
Kapur says that although Soviet motivations cannot be fully interpreted,
"the many CIA camps" on the Pakistani border provide a security threat to
"the superpower's local ally." Despite its bias, the scholarship gives merit
to the book. (bibliography, index, notes)
Majeed, Akhtar, ed. Regionalism: Development Tensions in India. New Delhi:
Cosmo, 1984. 227 pp.

A collection of essays by prominent Indian political and social scientists

describes the conflict between regional and national power groups in the
formation of modern India. The authors bring historical background and
political analysis to their descriptions of events in Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra, the northeast, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu. The first three chapters
provide analytic frameworks encompassing all the political vicissitudes
(including redrawing of state lines) to which these states have been subject
since Independence. (appendices, bibliography, notes)

Murty, T. S. Assam: The Difficult Years. New Delhi: Himalayan Books, 1983.
293 pp.

The author, who spent his Indian Administrative Services career in the north-
eastern states and border kingdoms, begins his account with the state and
national victories of the Janata Party in 1978. By tying Assam's state
government to a noncohesive center party, the election results allowed frag-
mentation of state politics along ethnic lines. The Assamese denounced the
tribals and the Bangladeshis; the tribals denounced the Assamese and the
Bangladeshis, while the politicians with Bangladeshi support denounced ev-
eryone else. Murty devotes the bulk of this thoroughly-researched work to a
week-by-week account of events since Gandhi's return to power in 1980. In
its depth and objectivity, the book is a uniquely valuable resource on one of
the most acute problems in India today. (appendices, bibliography, index,
notes)

Parasher, S. C, ed. Commonwealth Today. New Delhi: Indian Council of World

Affairs, 1983. 233 pp.

Three chapters of this otherwise historical work merit attention for their
treatment of a foreign policy mechanism unknown to most Americans.
"Commonwealth in a Changing World," by K. P. Karunkaran, despite its pro-
Soviet rhetoric, gives an up-do-date portrait of the members and their
international importance. Rasheeddudin Khan's "Commonwealth and the Third
World" describes mutual interests among the states which have resulted from
the break-up of the British Empire. K. P. Misra's "Commonwealth and Regional
Cooperation" traces attempts by Asia/Pacific members to fashion elements of
the worldwide framework into a regional structure. The book demonstrates
that the Commonwealth is a unique opportunity for most English-speaking
states to discuss multilateral matters on an equal and confidential basis.
Bad relations between India and Pakistan have impaired the workings of the
Commonwealth (of which Pakistan is no longer a member), and both New Delhi
and Islamabad have been the losers by their failure to more fully exploit
this forum for communication.
Singh, Jaswant, ed. Indian Armed Forces Year Book 1981-82. Bombay: Government
of India, 1983. 640 pp.

Sections of this book explain the organization of the Department of Defense,

each branch of service, facilities for servicemen and their families, and
major armies around the world. Implicit deference toward the Soviet Union
shapes the explanations of various treaties and the concept of "just war,"
while discussion of the United States is more detached. Because the book was
prepared during the turbulent decline of the Janata government, political
ambiguity weakens such important discussions as threat scenarios, strategy
and terrain. There are biographies of top military figures, (photographs)

Subramaniam, K., ed. The Second Cold War. New Delhi: ABC, 1983. 215 pp.

These essays, by an assortment of Indian authors, selectively quote from

American memoirs and reports to prove that the 1970s were a decade of
escalating Central Intelligence Agency "aggression" around the world.
Seymour Hersh, the Congressional Research Service, the CIA itself, Cyrus
Vance, and Zbigniew Brzezinski are the main sources. The biased analyses of
CIA modus operandi and strategic planning provide an occasionally thought-
provoking glimpse into the minds of Indian Sovietphiles. (index, tables)

Thapar, Karan. "Threatening Revenge." India Today, 15 March 1984, p. 82.

The overseas Kashmiri squad which recently murdered Indian diplomat Ravendra
Mhatre is a neophyte offspring of an established group. Both organizations
have experienced mushroom growth since India hanged terrorist Maqbul Butt in
retaliation for Mhatre's death. The article explains that almost all
Kashmiris in Britain are from a single district which was flooded to build a
dam several years ago. Traditional kinship and village networks thus
facilitate organizational structures of opposition. An accompanying article
dismisses the probability of official Pakistani connivance in Mhatre's
death, although it makes clear that Kashmiris from the Pakistani side are
seeking new forms of terrorism out of frustration with the cease-fire line as
a de facto international border.

PAKISTAN

Adams, John, and Iqbal, Sabiha. Exports, Politics and Economic Development:
Pakistan 1970-82. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1983. 246 pp.

"Who benefits?" is the question which brings together economics and

politics. In this book, which is primarily economic, the players and their
machinations are so clearly described that political readers will gain
increased understanding of the 12 years of Pakistani development under
review. The authors explain how Prime Minister Zulfigar Ali Bhutto (1971-77)
designed economic policies to reward political supporters in labor unions
and small industry. Many of President Ziaul Haq's measures are consequently
designed to rebuff these groups and create the overall growth which favors
 large industrialists and traditional capital, including large landowners.
Anyone trying to make sense of the current election year will find this book
indispensable.

Agwani, M. S., ed. South Asia; Stability and Regional Cooperation. Chandigarh:
Center for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, 1983. 150 pp.

Despite its Indo-centric perspective, this book takes a thorough look into a
multilateral collaborative process which has already yielded some benefits
to the region. When Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman proposed the idea 7
years ago, India feared that the South Asia Regional Council (SARC) would
allow the smaller nations to unite against the current imbalance of power.
Conversely, the other nations feared that Bangladesh (which was born through
New Delhi's active military assistance) was simply creating another forum
for India to dominate. The authors discuss various agencies set up under
SARC auspices, as all parties have come to recognize the value of multi-
lateral institutions in preserving harmonious relations. (index, notes)

Jain, Rashmi. U.S.-Pak Relations 1947-1983. New Delhi: Radiant, 1983, 182 pp.

Since the birth of Pakistan, the United States has sought a bilateral policy
with Islamabad that would balance regional and global interests.
Unfortunately, America's perceived need for allies who can help with
protecting the Persian Gulf and containing the Soviet Union has flown in the
face of long-term desires to limit the regional arms buildup and Third World
nuclear proliferation. Jain follows the zigzag course of events, drawing on
the public record to chart the various motives and methods which have made up
US policy toward Pakistan. (appendices, bibliography, notes)

Jones, Rodney W., ed. Small Nuclear Forces and U.S. Security Policy: Threats
and Potential Conflicts in the Middle East and South Asia. Lexington, MA:
D. C. Heath, 1984. 278 pp.

The authors in this excellent collection have been asked to assume a world in
which horizontal nuclear proliferation has become a reality, and to
calculate US security options under the resulting constraints. Separate
chapters discuss: "Small Nuclear Forces in South Asia," "Small Nuclear
Forces: Soviet Political and Military Responses," and "NATO and SNF
Proliferation: A Speculative Inquiry." Written by noted authors, the essays
provide specific planning scenarios which would have to be considered in a
world of nuclear proliferation. Anyone interested in theater-planning in
the next century will find this book valuable. (appendix, bibliography,
glossary, maps, tables)

Parasher, S. C, ed. Commonwealth Today. New Delhi: Indian Council of World

Affairs, 1983. 233 pp.

Three chapters of this otherwise historical work merit attention for their
treatment of a foreign policy mechanism unknown to most Americans.

10
 "Commonwealth in a Changing World," by K. P. Karunkaran, despite its pro-
Soviet rhetoric, gives an up-do-date portrait of the members and their
international importance. Rasheeddudin Khan's "Commonwealth and the Third
World" describes mutual interests among the states which have resulted from
the break-up of the British Empire. K. P. Misra's "Commonwealth and Regional
Cooperation" traces attempts by Asia/Pacific members to fashion elements of
the worldwide framework into a regional structure. The book demonstrates
that the Commonwealth is a unique opportunity for most English-speaking
states to discuss multilateral matters on an equal and confidential basis.
Bad relations between India and Pakistan have impaired the workings of the
Commonwealth (of which Pakistan is no longer a member), and both New Delhi
and Islamabad have been the losers by their failure to more fully exploit
this forum for communication.

Thapar, Karan. "Threatening Revenge." India Today, 15 March 1984, p. 82.

The overseas Kashmiri squad which recently murdered Indian diplomat Ravendra
Mhatre is a neophyte offspring of an established group. Both organizations
have experienced mushroom growth since India hanged terrorist Maqbul Butt in
retaliation for Mhatre's death. The article explains that almost all
Kashmiris in Britain are from a single district which was flooded to build a
dam_ several years ago. Traditional kinship and village networks thus
facilitate organizational structures of opposition. An accompanying article
dismisses the probability of official Pakistani connivance in Mhatre's
death, although it makes clear that Kashmiris from the Pakistani side are
seeking new forms of terrorism out of frustration with the cease-fire line as
a de facto international border.

SOUTH ASIA

Agwani, M. S., ed. South Asia: Stability and Regional Cooperation. Chandigarh:
Center for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, 1983. 150 pp.

Despite its Indo-centric perspective, this book takes a thorough look into a
multilateral collaborative process which has already yielded some benefits
to the region. When Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman proposed the idea 7
years ago, India feared that the South Asia Regional Council (SARC) would
allow the smaller nations to unite against the current imbalance of power.
Conversely, the other nations feared that Bangladesh (which was born through
New Delhi's active military assistance) was simply creating another forum
for India to dominate. The authors discuss various agencies set up under
SARC auspices, as all parties have come to recognize the value of multi-
lateral institutions in preserving harmonious relations. (index, notes)

Hahn, Bradley. "The Soviet Union's Rapid Deployment Force." Pacific Defense
Reporter, April 1984, p. 16.

Hahn, a military affairs consultant, links the USSR's growing amphibious

capability with its growing sealift capacity, and suggests the Communist
superpower will form a rapid deployment force within the decade. Because the

11
 force would be kept aboard vessels, it would not depend on adjacent land
bases. Hahn says the new capability will be designed to enable the Soviet
Union to fight a war against the United States. Indian Ocean strategists
will be interested to note various vessels passing through the littoral
states of South Asia in this article, ostensibly en route from the western to
the eastern shores of the USSR. Anyone who follows Soviet naval power will
appreciate the clear descriptions of Moscow's current and projected surface
combatants and submarines, (tables)

Jones, Rodney W., ed. Small Nuclear Forces and U.S. Security Policy: Threats
and Potential Conflicts in the Middle East and South Asia. Lexington, MA:
D. C. Heath, 1984. 278 pp.

The authors in this excellent collection have been asked to assume a world in
which horizontal nuclear proliferation has become a reality, and to
calculate US security options under the resulting constraints. Separate
chapters discuss: "Small Nuclear Forces in South Asia," "Small Nuclear
Forces: Soviet Political and Military Responses," and "NATO and SNF
Proliferation: A Speculative Inquiry." Written by noted authors, the essays
provide specific planning scenarios which would have to be considered in a
world of nuclear proliferation. Anyone interested in theater-planning in
the next century will find this book valuable. (appendix, bibliography,
glossary, maps, tables)

Parasher, S. C, ed. Commonwealth Today. New Delhi: Indian Council of World

Affairs, 1983. 233 pp.

Three chapters of this otherwise historical work merit attention for their
treatment of a foreign policy mechanism unknown to most Americans.
"Commonwealth in a Changing World," by K. P. Karunkaran, despite its pro-
Soviet rhetoric, gives an up-do-date portrait of the members and their
international importance. Rasheeddudin Khan's "Commonwealth and the Third
World" describes mutual interests among the states which have resulted from
the break-up of the British Empire. K. P. Misra's "Commonwealth and Regional
Cooperation" traces attempts by Asia/Pacific members to fashion elements of
the worldwide framework into a regional structure. The book demonstrates
that the Commonwealth■ is a unique opportunity for most English-speaking
states to discuss multilateral matters on an equal and confidential basis.
Bad relations between India and Pakistan have impaired the workings of the
Commonwealth (of which Pakistan is no longer a member), and both New Delhi
and Islamabad have been the losers by their failure to more fully exploit
this forum for communication.

SRI LANKA

Agwani, M. S., ed. South Asia: Stability and Regional Cooperation. Chandigarh:
Center for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, 1983. 150 pp.

Despite its Indo-centric perspective, this book takes a thorough look into a
multilateral collaborative process which has already yielded some benefits

12
 to the region. When Bangladeshi President Ziaur Rahman proposed the idea 7
years ago, India feared that the South Asia Regional Council (SARC) would
allow the smaller nations to unite against the current imbalance of power.
Conversely, the other nations feared that Bangladesh (which was born through
New Delhi's active military assistance) was simply creating another forum
for India to dominate. The authors discuss various agencies set up under
SARC auspices, as all parties have come to recognize the value of multi-
lateral institutions in preserving harmonious relations. (index, notes)

Sri Lanka. Statistical Pocket Book of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri
Lanka 1981. Colombo: Department of Census and Statistics, Ministry of Plan
Implementation, c. 1982. 179 pp.

This reference volume contains demographic data on Sri Lanka. Included are
employment, labor, educational and family statistics to name but a few
examples. The book also looks at the nation from an aggregate point of view,
examining expenditures in various sectors of the economy and land
distribution. Some of the statistics are as current as 1978, while others
look back retrospectively for 10 years. There are geographical descriptions of
areas of special interest, and equivalence charts for weights, measures and
time zones. (tables)

13