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Foundation Physical Geography

The document summarizes the key physical geography of India. It describes the major physical regions of India including the Peninsular Plateau consisting of the Deccan Plateau, Central Highlands, and North Eastern Plateau. It also discusses the Northern Plains formed by the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra river systems, the Coastal Plains along the western and eastern coasts, and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar. It provides details on the features of each region.

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Rashin Mohammed
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27 views

Foundation Physical Geography

The document summarizes the key physical geography of India. It describes the major physical regions of India including the Peninsular Plateau consisting of the Deccan Plateau, Central Highlands, and North Eastern Plateau. It also discusses the Northern Plains formed by the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra river systems, the Coastal Plains along the western and eastern coasts, and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar. It provides details on the features of each region.

Uploaded by

Rashin Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIAN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Peninsular plateau,plains,desert,coastal plains


Let's
draw our
map!!
PENINSULAR PLATEAU
Peninsular plateau

● What do you mean by the term


‘peninsula’?

● What do you mean by plateau?


A peninsula is a landform
that extends from a
mainland and is surrounded
by water on most, but not all
of its borders.

( plateau:പീഠഭൂമി)
Peninsular plateau of India may be
divided into 3 broad groups:
1. Deccan plateau
2. Central highlands
3. North eastern plateau
Deccan plateau

Peninsular plateau Central highlands

North eastern plateau


Deccan plateau
Borders
NORTH:satpura,maikal,mahadeo hills
WEST:western ghats
EAST: eastern ghats
Western ghats Eastern ghats

Continuity Is continuous except for Has


palghat,thalghat and breaks.Discontinuous.Highly
borghat. eroded.

Height Higher Not as high as western ghats

Highest peak Anaimudi peak Mahendragiri

● Western ghats and Eastern ghats meet each other at Nilgiri hills.
● The Hindi word ‘ghat’ means mountain pass.
Monsoon and the western
ghats
Monsoon winds approach our
country from south west.Kerala and
regions to the west of western ghats (
windward region) gets rain , while
regions to the east of western
ghats(rainshadow region) (areas of
Tamil Nadu) do not get rain. This is
because the WESTERN GHATS play a
major role in blocking the monsoon
clouds.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF
DECCAN PLATEAU
● This region has black soil which had
come from a volcano long ago.It has
igneous rocks.
● Black soil is ideal for growing cotton.
● Black soil has high water retaining
capacity.
RIVERS OF DECCAN PLATEAU
Deccan plateau

Peninsular plateau Central highlands

North eastern plateau


Central Highlands
● Lies to the north of Namada river.
● Covers a major portion of Malwa plateau.
● Slope is from south west to north east.
RIVERS OF CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
1. Chambal
2. Sind
3. Ken
4. Betwa
Deccan plateau

Peninsular plateau Central highlands

North eastern plateau


North eastern plateau
● An extension of the Deccan plateau
○ Meghalaya plateau
○ Karbi-Anglong plateau
○ North cachar hills
● Mineral rich
North cachar hills
NORTHERN PLAINS
How do floodplains form?
The 3 river systems of north india
There are 3 major river systems in North
India.Indus,Ganga and Brahmaputra.They formed large
floodplains and resulted in the formation of the Northern
plains.The Northern plains may be divided in 2 ways :
1)section wise
2) according to variation in relief
Section Wise
● Punjab plains - formed by
Indus and it's tributaries
● Ganga plains - lies between
Gagghar(west) and
Teesta(east) rivers.
● Brahmaputra plains -
mainly Assam.Formed by
Brahmaputra.
Relief wise
● Bhabar: pebbles,8-16kms.
● Tarai:marshy region,rivers
re emerge.
● Bhangar:largest part of Northern
Plains,old alluvium,contains
Calcium(‘kankar’)
● Khadar: new alluvium
COASTAL PLAINS
Coastal Plains
● coastal plain is called a low-lying and
flat land that is near to the sea.
● Indian peninsula has Arabian sea on the
western side and Bay of Bengal on the
eastern side.
Western coast
● Between western ghats and the Arabian
sea.
● Narrower when compared to eastern
coast.
● It is divided into 3 regions :
● It is a coast of submergence.
Konkan coast

Western coast Kannad plain

Malabar coast
Western coast
Eastern coast
● Between Eastern ghats and Bay of
Bengal.
● Wide and level
● Coast of emergence
● Many deltas are formed
● Chilika lake is present here(OD)
Utkal plains

Eastern coast Northern circars

Coromondal coast
Eastern coast
ISLANDS OF INDIA
Islands of India
● Lakshadweep islands in the
Arabian sea
● Andaman and Nicobar
islands
Lakshadweep islands
● Composed of small coral islands
● Kavaratti is the administrative
headquarters
● Pitti island is a bird sanctuary
● 9 degree channel between main
island group and minicoy
Andaman and Nicobar islands
● Part of submarine mountains
● Bigger in size and more in number
than Lakshadweep
● Andaman in the north and Nicobar
in the south
● 10 degree channel between Andaman
and Nicobar
DESERT OF INDIA
Indian desert
● To the west of Aravallis hills(oldest
mountain range in India)
● Very low rainfall (150 mm)
● Ephemeral streams
● Luni river
● Barchans -crescent shaped sand
dunes

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