DRUG STUDY

Cesarean Section
Drug Name Drug Class Indications MOA Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Omeprazole Proton Pump Used before Caesarean It works by inhibiting the Hypersensitivity Headache Assess medical history, including allergies,
40mg BID Inhibitor section appeared to be proton pump in the to the drug. Abdominal Pain current medications, and any existing
effective in reducing stomach lining, thereby Concurrent use Vomiting gastrointestinal issues.
intragastric volume and reducing the production with Diarrhea Provide detailed information about
acidity to acceptable of gastric acid. This medications like omeprazole & emphasize importance of
values. mechanism helps atazanavir and adhering to medication.
alleviate symptoms nelfinavir, Monitor for any signs of adverse effects.
associated with acid- Work collaboratively with the healthcare
related disorders. team to ensure a comprehensive approach
to patient care.
Advocate for the patient's well-being by
ensuring that the prescribed medication
aligns with the current standard of care.

Epidural Local To provide pain relief Epidural anesthesia Allergy to local Hypotension (low Regularly monitor vital signs, fetal heart
Anesthesia anesthetics and anesthesia to the involves the injection of a anesthetics blood pressure) rate, and uterine contractions. Assess for
lower half of the body. local anesthetic, such as Bleeding Headache signs of hypotension, allergic reactions, or
It is indicated when a bupivacaine or disorders Nausea or any adverse effects.
woman is undergoing a ropivacaine, into the Infection at the vomiting Assist the patient in maintaining a side-
planned or emergency epidural space in the injection site Itching lying position to optimize uterine blood
Caesarean delivery. spine. These blocks nerve Severe maternal Backache flow and prevent aortocaval compression.
signals in the lower spine, hypotension Difficulty Administer intravenous fluids to prevent
resulting in the loss of Increased urinating maternal hypotension associated with
sensation in the lower intracranial Rare epidural anesthesia.
body, including the pressure complications Document the administration of the
abdomen and pelvic include nerve epidural, including the drugs used, dosage,
region. Sometimes, damage, and the patient's response.
opioids may be added to infection, or Regularly assess the level of pain relief
enhance the analgesic epidural provided by the epidural and adjust the
effect. hematoma. dosage if needed.
Monitor the patient postoperatively for
any lingering effects of the epidural, such
as numbness or weakness, and address any
discomfort.
 DRUG STUDY
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Drug Name Drug Class Indications MOA Contraindications Adverse Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Paracetamol Analgesics Headache It is believed to involve Hypersensitivity Deep, rapid, Assess the patient's medical history,
500mg 1tab and Tension headache inhibition of the to paracetamol, difficult especially for any liver conditions or
q4 PRN for T > antipyretics Migraine enzyme in hepatic and breathing allergies.
37.8 C Backache cyclooxygenase (COX). renal failure. feeling sick Evaluate the type and intensity of pain
(nausea) the patient is experiencing.
Rheumatic and muscle Unlike nonsteroidal
being sick Administer paracetamol orally as
pain anti-inflammatory
(vomiting) directed, considering any
Mild drugs (NSAIDs), loss of appetite contraindications to the intravenous
arthritis/osteoarthritis paracetamol has a Loss of appetite route.
Toothache more selective action Increased Regularly monitor vital signs, especially if
Period pain on the central nervous sweating paracetamol is administered
(dysmenorrhea) system (CNS). It Diarrhea intravenously.
Colds and flu primarily inhibits COX Acute liver Monitor liver function tests in patients on
symptoms in the CNS, particularly failure long-term or high-dose paracetamol.
in the hypothalamus, Dark urine Document the time, dosage, and route of
Sore throat
which is involved in Hives paracetamol administration accurately.
Sinus pain
Itching Record the patient's response to the
Post-operative pain temperature
medication, including changes in pain
Fever (pyrexia) regulation. By reducing
levels and any adverse reactions.
the production of Monitor for any allergic skin reactions,
prostaglandins in the and report promptly.
CNS, paracetamol is
thought to lower fever
and provide analgesic
(pain-relieving) effects.
HR2E • To treat Isoniazid is a prodrug Patients with Chest pain or Conduct a thorough baseline
(Rifampin, tuberculosis (TB) activated by bacterial severe hepatic tightness assessment, including the patient's
isoniazid, infection catalase, inhibiting damage; severe clumsiness or medical history, liver function, and
and mycoloic acid adverse unsteadiness any allergies.
pyrazinamid synthesis. It is reactions to coughing or Ensure that each component of the
e bacteriocidal against isoniazid, such spitting up HRZE combination is administered
combination Mycobacterium as drug fever, blood according to the prescribed dosage
tuberculosis chills, and dark urine and schedule.
organisms, specifically arthritis; fast, irregular, Regularly assess for adverse effects
 InhA, by forming a patients with pounding, or such as hepatotoxicity, and visual
covalent adduct with acute liver racing disturbances.
the NAD cofactor, disease of any heartbeat or Emphasize the importance of strict
acting as a slow, tight- etiology; and pulse adherence to the prescribed regimen
binding competitive patients with loss of appetite to prevent the development of drug-
inhibitor. acute gout. nausea resistant TB.
numbness, Monitor liver function regularly, as
tingling, hepatotoxicity is a known side effect.
burning, or Document the administration of each
pain in the component, including dosage and any
hands and feet observed side effects.
pain in the Record the patient's response to
large and small treatment, including improvements
joints and any adverse reactions.
sneezing
trouble
breathing
unusual
tiredness or
weakness
vomiting
yellow eyes or
skin

Vitamin B essential To treat or prevent B vitamins are vital as Known Nausea Assess the patient's nutritional status,
Complex water- vitamin deficiency due coenzymes, participating hypersensitivity Tingling dietary intake, and risk factors for vitamin
Soluble to poor diet, certain in cellular physiological with same sensation or B deficiency.
vitamins illnesses, alcoholism, or processes by combining formula numbness If supplementation is necessary, ensure
during pregnancy. with protein apoenzymes Weakness that the vitamin B complex is
to form "holoenzymes," Frequent administered as prescribed.
which facilitate various urination Educate patients on dietary sources of
reactions. These vitamins Redness of the vitamin B complex, promoting a balanced
serve as crucial cofactors skin and nutritious diet.
in more than 140 Diarrhea Monitor for improvements in symptoms
enzymes, with coenzyme Constipation related to vitamin B deficiencies, such as
A (CoA) being a Abdominal pain fatigue, weakness, or neurological
mandatory co-factor for Headache symptoms. If applicable, monitor
4% of mammalian Itching laboratory values (e.g., complete blood
enzymes. Additionally, B Fatigue count, vitamin B12 levels) to assess
vitamins act as direct Anemia response to supplementation.
precursors for metabolic Irritability Be aware of potential adverse effects
substrates like acetyl- related to vitamin B complex
CoA and niacin, supplementation and report any concerns
contributing to essential to the healthcare provider.
metabolic pathways. Document the administration of vitamin
B complex, including the type, dosage,
route, and any observed effects.
 NURSING CARE PLAN
VATS
Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Planning Intervention Rationale Evaluation
“Nahihirapan akong Impaired Gas Exchange After of 8 hours of  Monitor vital  Regular vital sign After of 8 hours of
huminga, ang sikip-sikip related to the surgical nursing intervention the signs regularly, monitoring allows nursing
ng dibdib ko.” As procedure and effects on client will: with a focus on for early detection intervention the
verbalized. lung function. Maintain optimal respiratory rate, of any respiratory client was able to
respiratory function. oxygen compromise or participate the treatment
Objective: Participate in treatment saturation, and signs of inadequate regimen and reports
Abnormal breath sounds regimen. pain levels. pain control. decrease in difficulty
 Encourage the  Adequate pain breathing.
patient to control encourages
report pain the patient to
promptly for participate in
timely activities that
intervention. enhance respiratory
 Teach and function, such as
encourage deep coughing and deep
breathing breathing exercises.
exercises,  Respiratory
incentive exercises help
spirometry, and maintain lung
coughing compliance,
techniques. prevent atelectasis,
 Encourage fluid and improve overall
intake unless lung function.
contraindicated.  Proper fluid balance
 Encourage contributes to
position overall respiratory
changes and health and
turning in bed. facilitates the
 Administer mobilization of
supplemental respiratory
oxygen based secretions.
on prescribed  Position changes
parameters. assist in lung
expansion and
improve
 ventilation-
perfusion matching.
 Continuous
monitoring of
oxygen saturation
guides adjustments
in oxygen therapy
to maintain optimal
levels.
“Kumikirot po yung part Acute Pain related to the After 8hrs of nursing  Use a pain  Regular After 8hrs of nursing
ng inopera sa akin.” As surgical incisions and intervention, the client assessment assessments ensure intervention, the client
verbalized. tissue manipulation. will: scale to that the pain was seen performing pain
 Be able to quantify the management plan management such as
perform effective patient's pain is tailored to the relaxation techniques/
pain intensity. patient's evolving deep breathing.
management.  Encourage the needs.
use of  Non-
relaxation pharmacological
techniques, measures
guided imagery, complement
and distraction analgesic therapy,
methods. promoting a holistic
 Explain the approach to pain
importance of management.
adhering to the  Patient education
prescribed pain enhances their
management understanding of
plan. pain management,
 Assist the fostering
patient in collaboration in
finding care.
comfortable  Proper positioning
positions, minimizes pressure
especially on surgical incisions
during activities and reduces
such as sitting discomfort,
or lying down. contributing to pain
 Support the control.
 patient in early  Early ambulation
ambulation and helps prevent
movement complications, such
within as postoperative
recommended ileus, and promotes
limits. overall well-being.
 Provide updates  Input from different
on the patient's team members
pain status and allows for
response to adjustments to the
interventions. pain management
 Provide pain plan based on the
medication patient's overall
according to the condition and
prescribed response to
schedule. treatment.
 Timely
administration of
analgesics helps
manage pain
effectively and
improves overall
patient comfort.

Nursing Care Plan

“Sumasakit po Impaired Comfort related After 8hrs of nursing  Administer prescribed  Administering After 8hrs of nursing
yung tiyan ko.” As to surgical incision and intervention, the client analgesics on schedule prescribed analgesics intervention, the client
verbalize. uterine contractions. will: and assess pain on schedule helps to reports decrease pain.
- Able to regularly. manage pain
Pain scale: 8/10 determine  Encourage and assist effectively, promoting Pain scale: 5/10
different with position changes
 technique to promote comfort. comfort and facilitating
measures to  Apply ice or heat the patient's ability to
ease packs to the incision engage in activities of
discomfort. site as ordered. daily living.
 Educate the patient  Position changes can
on deep breathing and relieve pressure on the
relaxation techniques incision site and
to manage pain. improve overall
comfort.
 Applying ice or heat
packs as ordered can
reduce swelling and
provide relief from
pain.
 Teaching deep
breathing and
relaxation techniques
empowers the patient
to actively participate
in pain management
and promotes
relaxation.
“Paano po ba ang Risk for Infection related to After 8hrs of nursing  Monitor vital signs  Monitoring vital signs After 8hrs of nursing
tamang paglilinis surgical incision and intervention, the client and assess incision and assessing the intervention, the client
ng tahi?” as altered immune response. will: site for signs of incision site allows for was able to understand
verbalized. - Be able to infection (redness, early detection of any the importance of proper
perform swelling, warmth). signs of infection, wound care and was able
proper wound  Administer enabling prompt to perform wound care.
care. prophylactic intervention.
antibiotics as  Administering
prescribed. prophylactic antibiotics
 Encourage proper as prescribed helps
hand hygiene and prevent bacterial
aseptic technique growth and reduce the
during wound care. risk of postoperative
 Educate the patient infections.
on signs and  Emphasizing proper
symptoms of infection hand hygiene and
 and when to seek aseptic technique
medical attention. during wound care
minimizes the risk of
introducing pathogens
to the surgical site.
 Educating the patient
on signs and symptoms
of infection empowers
them to seek timely
medical attention if any
concerning symptoms
arise.
“Medyo Impaired Gas Exchange After 8hrs of nursing  Encourage and assist  Encouraging and After 8hrs of nursing
nahihirapan po related to pain and intervention, the client with deep breathing assisting with deep intervention, the client
akong huminga” restricted mobility. will be able to: exercises and breathing exercises was able to:
as verbalized. - Perform incentive spirometry. and incentive - Perform deep
relaxational  Assist the patient with spirometry helps breathing
techniques early ambulation to prevent atelectasis and exercises
and deep prevent respiratory improves lung - Relieve difficulty
breathing complications. expansion, promoting of breathing.
exercises.  Monitor respiratory effective gas exchange.
rate, depth, and  Early ambulation
oxygen saturation. prevents complications
 Administer prescribed such as pneumonia and
pain medication to promotes optimal
promote effective respiratory function.
coughing and deep  Monitoring respiratory
breathing. parameters ensures
early identification of
any respiratory
distress, allowing for
timely intervention.
 Administering
prescribed pain
medication facilitates
effective coughing and
deep breathing,
reducing the risk of
 respiratory
complications.
“Hindi ko Impaired Mobility related After 8hrs of nursing  Assist the patient with  Assisting the patient After 8hrs of nursing
maigalaw ng to surgical procedure and intervention, the client early and gradual with early and gradual intervention, the client
maayos ang postoperative pain will be able to: ambulation, starting ambulation prevents was able to:
katawan ko dahil - Demonstrate with simple complications such as - perform
sa tahi ko.” As relaxation movements. deep vein thrombosis diversional
verbalized skills and  Provide support and and promotes overall activities/ use
diversional education on proper recovery. guided imagery.
activities as body mechanics and  Providing support and - Appear relaxed
indicated for use of assistive education on proper
the situation. devices. body mechanics and
- Appear  Collaborate with assistive devices
relaxed and physical therapy for ensures safe and
comfortable. individualized mobility effective mobility.
exercises.  Collaborating with
 Assess and manage physical therapy allows
pain to promote for the development of
increased mobility and individualized mobility
prevent exercises tailored to
complications. the patient's needs.
 Assessing and
managing pain is
crucial for promoting
increased mobility, as
pain relief enhances
the patient's
willingness and ability
to engage in
movement and
rehabilitation activities.
“Hindi ko pa rin Risk for Altered Parent- After 8hrs of jursing  Facilitate skin-to-skin  Facilitating skin-to-skin After 8hrs of nursing
nakikita ang baby Infant Bonding related to intervention, the client contact as soon as contact as soon as intervention, the client
ko, gusto ko separation during cesarean will be able to: possible after surgery. possible after surgery was able to:
syang nakikita sa section. - Participate in  Encourage promotes bonding, -participate in care
tabi ko” as care breastfeeding and regulates the baby's - relieve stress
verbalized. - Communicate provide support and temperature, and
her feelings education. supports breastfeeding
- Relieve stress  Involve the partner in initiation.
care and bonding  Encouraging
activities. breastfeeding
 Offer emotional enhances the
support and address emotional connection
concerns about the between the mother
impact of the and infant through
cesarean section on physical contact and
bonding. the release of bonding
hormones.
 Involving the partner in
care and bonding
activities fosters a
supportive
environment and
strengthens the family
unit.
 Offering emotional
support and addressing
concerns helps
alleviate anxiety and
fosters a positive
emotional connection
between the parent
and infant.