mating of poultry

species to maintain
or increase flock
1. Random Mating
2. Inbreeding
3. Close Inbreeding
3. Strain Formation
5. Line Breeding
6. Outbreeding
 1. Random Mating

Mating of individual
without any selection.
1. Random Mating Mating of individual without any selection.
 2. Inbreeding
A B

BA BA BA
AB AB

Types of Inbreeding
Close Inbreeding
Strain Formation
Line Formation
a. Close Inbreeding
Mating between sibs and parents and progeny. Full sib mating and back
crossing of the progeny to the younger of the parents are often practiced.
A B

BA BA
AB

BA
AB
 2. Strain Formation
A B

BA BA BA
AB AB

Developing a small group of animals within

a breed and variety with a special
character in view
 2. Line Breeding
A B

BA BA BA
AB AB

Line breeding is a selective breeding method that

involves breeding closely related individuals within a
specific bloodline or lineage.
 Line breeding is a selective breeding method that involves breeding
c. Line Breeding closely related individuals within a specific bloodline or lineage.
A

AB BA BA
AB

BA B
 3. Outbreeding
A B

BA BA BA
AB AB

Outbreeding, also known as

outcrossing, involves mating individuals
from different genetic lines or breeds.
 also known as outcrossing, involves mating individuals from
3. Outbreeding different genetic lines or breeds.
A B C D

AB BA CD
DC
 also known as outcrossing, involves mating individuals from
3. Outbreeding different genetic lines or breeds.
A B C D

BA
CD

DC
AB
 TYPES OF MATING

1. Pen Mating
2. Stud Mating
3. Artificial Insemination
4. Shift Making
5. Flock Making
 TYPES OF MATING

1. Pen Mating
- During the breeding season, a single male can be paired with 10 to 12 females for
Leghorn (Egg type birds) and 6 to 8 females for meat type birds. Pedigreeing is
feasible on both the sire's and dam's sides. If pedigreeing is done exclusively on the
dam's side, multiple males can be used in a larger pen, reducing labor
requirements.

2. Stud Mating
3. Artificial Insemination
4. Shift Making
5. Flock Making
 TYPES OF MATING

1. Pen Mating
2. Stud Mating
- During the breeding season, a single male can be paired with 10 to 12 females for
Leghorn (Egg type birds) and 6 to 8 females for meat type birds. Pedigreeing is
feasible on both the sire's and dam's sides. If pedigreeing is done exclusively on the
dam's side, multiple males can be used in a larger pen, reducing labor
requirements.

3. Artificial Insemination
4. Shift Making
5. Flock Making
 TYPES OF MATING

1. Pen Mating
2. Stud Mating
3. Artificial Insemination
- During the breeding season, a single male can be paired with 10 to 12 females for
Leghorn (Egg type birds) and 6 to 8 females for meat type birds. Pedigreeing is
feasible on both the sire's and dam's sides. If pedigreeing is done exclusively on the
dam's side, multiple males can be used in a larger pen, reducing labor
requirements.

4. Shift Making
5. Flock Making
 TYPES OF MATING

1. Pen Mating
2. Stud Mating
3. Artificial Insemination
4. Shift Making
- During the breeding season, a single male can be paired with 10 to 12 females for
Leghorn (Egg type birds) and 6 to 8 females for meat type birds. Pedigreeing is
feasible on both the sire's and dam's sides. If pedigreeing is done exclusively on the
dam's side, multiple males can be used in a larger pen, reducing labor
requirements.

5. Flock Making
 TYPES OF MATING

1. Pen Mating
2. Stud Mating
3. Artificial Insemination
4. Shift Making
5. Flock Making
- During the breeding season, a single male can be paired with 10 to 12 females for
Leghorn (Egg type birds) and 6 to 8 females for meat type birds. Pedigreeing is
feasible on both the sire's and dam's sides. If pedigreeing is done exclusively on the
dam's side, multiple males can be used in a larger pen, reducing labor
requirements.
 BREEDING
MANAGEMENT

Key Stages of Chicks and their Growth

1.Sanitization and Biosecurity of all equipment

2.Adequate temperature between 28°C - 30°C
3.Control relative humidity and environmental
temperature
4.Ensure adequate airflow
5.Maintain feeders and drinkers in good condition
6.Provide good lighting during brooding
7.Record weights
8.Determine the sex of the chicks at 28 days
 FEATURES IN
BREEDING
MANAGEMENT

Feed and Water Management

Promote uniform development among a group of

birds, ensuring that each bird receives an equal
share of feed for optimal growth.
 FEATURES IN
BREEDING
MANAGEMENT

•Importance of Light
The recommended lighting conditions vary
throughout the birds' growth stages, influencing
factors such as feed consumption, immune
system development, and digestive system
health.

1.Rearing in dark 2. Rearing in dark 3. Rearing in natural

sheds and sheds and light/semi-dark and
subsequent subsequent subsequent
production with production in dark production in natural
natural light. housing. light.
 FEATURES IN
BREEDING
MANAGEMENT

•Biosecurity Practices
Biosecurity practices in poultry aims to prevent the introduction
and spread of diseases among flocks.

•All-in All-out system: •Control of external •Control of other •Vaccination programs:

parasites: animals: Vaccines are a pillar in a
biosecurity program in
insects, rodents, and wild
Implementing this prevents the entry of breeder farms, due to their
birds can act as vectors and
protocol prevents the infectious agents mobilized role in the prevention of
reservoirs of diseases,
entry and exit of infectious in vectors such as lice or viral and bacterial diseases
putting the biosecurity of
agents from the farm. flies. that can cause high
the farm at risk.
mortality and morbidity.
 FEATURES IN
BREEDING
MANAGEMENT

•Fertile Eggs
Fertile eggs are the result of a successful mating of the rooster and
a hen. Roosters should be in good physical condition and capable
of successful mating. Providing proper nutrition, suitable housing,
and effective management practices, such as monitoring flock health
and controlling lighting for reproductive stimulation, can also
improve fertility rates. Regular checks for indicators of fertility, like the
presence of a blastoderm or “bull’s-eye” on the yolk, aid in confirming
egg fertility.
 FEATURES IN
BREEDING
MANAGEMENT

•Use of Pronutrients

Pronutrients are active molecules that improve

the immune system of poultry against
environmental pathogens. Pronutrients do not
create resistance since they do not directly attack
the pathogens but favor the immune
mechanisms for its control. Therefore, they are a
great help for the control of infectious diseases in
breeding poultry.
 Factors to the Production of
Producing High Quality Chicks
 1. Genetic make-up of
the parent stock
• Successful chick production is a
multifaceted process influenced by both
genetic and environmental factors. The
Breeder Farm and Hatchery must
collaborate closely to ensure optimal
conditions. Factors such as breeder
nutrition, disease control, mating activity,
egg quality, and storage impact the
quality of eggs produced. Genetic and
environmental factors affect the laying
ability of hens, fertilization success, egg
quality, and chick hatchability. The
genetic makeup of parent stock is crucial,
as it influences the vigor and quality of
offspring
 2. Housing of the flock

• Proper management of parent stock

is vital for successful chick
production. This includes providing
well-ventilated housing, controlling
temperature, maintaining clean litter,
and ensuring adequate feeder and
waterer space.
• Effective management practices are
essential for optimal parent stock
health and egg quality, leading to
successful chick production.
3. Flock health and applied
vaccination program
• Eggs from a healthy stock are the
only ones that can be used for
hatching because there are a
number of poultry diseases that are
egg transmitted to the offspring. An
example of these diseases are
salmonella infections, fowl typhoid,
and Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
• A stock that has been administered
all recommended vaccinations and
has no illnesses that affect its
condition is considered to be healthy
and viable for production and
reproduction.
 4. Feed and water

I. Feeding Broiler Breeders

II. Feeding Layer Breeders
III. Deficient nutrients
 5. Male to female ratio

• Different conditions that sheeps can

get from lameness:

o Foot Abscess
o Foot Rot
o Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis
(CODD)
o Interdigital Dermatitis (OID)
o Granuloma
o Scald
o Shelly Hoof
o White Line Separation
 6. Age of the flock

As the flock ages, we see an increase in

the weight of the eggs it produces and
consequently, an increase in recorded
day-old chick weight. An experienced
hatchery manager knows that the
quality of chicks will decrease when
eggs are derived from aged flocks. This
is often observed in higher numbers of
chick showing a bad navel and red
hocks in batches from flocks older. Poor
chick quality as the flock ages is also
recognized by slower growth during the
first week.
 7. Flock performance

High-quality breeder chickens should

have good genetic performance, and
all production indicators (body
condition, uniformity, egg production
rate) of the breeder flock meet the
breed requirements.