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Ee07lab Experiment Autotransformer

The document describes an experiment on autotransformers. The objectives are to understand autotransformer operation and analyze performance characteristics. An autotransformer has one winding that serves as both the primary and secondary. It can be used to step up or step down voltages. The experiment connects a standard transformer as both a step-up and step-down autotransformer. Voltage and current measurements are taken and apparent power is calculated in each case to demonstrate step-up and step-down operation. Tables are included to record measurements for resistive, inductive, capacitive and impedance loads.

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Pido, Patricia Laine
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
490 views

Ee07lab Experiment Autotransformer

The document describes an experiment on autotransformers. The objectives are to understand autotransformer operation and analyze performance characteristics. An autotransformer has one winding that serves as both the primary and secondary. It can be used to step up or step down voltages. The experiment connects a standard transformer as both a step-up and step-down autotransformer. Voltage and current measurements are taken and apparent power is calculated in each case to demonstrate step-up and step-down operation. Tables are included to record measurements for resistive, inductive, capacitive and impedance loads.

Uploaded by

Pido, Patricia Laine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 7: Autotransformer

I. Objectives
a) To comprehend the students with basics of an autotransformer operation.
b) To study and analyze the performance characteristics of an autotransformer.
c) To study the voltage and current relationship of an autotransformer.
d) To learn how to connect a standard transformer as an autotransformer.

II. Discussion:

Introduction Most transformers use separate windings; one for the source and one
for the load, and all energy is transferred by induction from the primary winding to the
secondary winding through the magnetic field. When the primary and secondary windings
are physically connected, the transformer is called an autotransformer. In an
autotransformer on some occasions, it is desirable to change voltage levels by only a
small amount. For example, it may be necessary to increase a voltage from 110 to 120 V
or from 13.2 to 13 KV. These small rises could be necessary due to voltage drop that
occurs in power systems along way from the generator. In such circumstances, it is
wasteful and excessively expensive to wind a transformer with two full windings, each
rated at about the same voltages. A special purpose transformer, called an
autotransformer, is used instead. In the autotransformer, part of the energy is transferred
by induction and the rest is by conduction. There are three types of autotransformers:
step-up, step-down, and variable autotransformers which can be either step-up or step-
down. Variable autotransformers are used in the laboratory and industry to provide a wide
range of ac voltages from a single source.

There is a special type of transformer which physically has only one winding.
Functionally, though, the one winding serves as both the primary and secondary. This
type of transformer is called an autotransformer. When an autotransformer is used to step
up the voltage, part of the single winding acts as the primary, and the entire winding acts
as the secondary. When an autotransformer is used to step down the voltage, the entire
winding acts as the primary, and part of the winding acts as the secondary.

The action of the autotransformer is basically the same as the standard two-winding
transformer. Power is transferred from the primary to the secondary by the changing
magnetic field, and the secondary in turn, regulates the current in the primary to set up
the required condition of equal primary and secondary power. The amount of step-up or
step-down in voltage depends on the turn’s ratio between the primary and secondary,
with each winding considered as separate, even though some turns are common to both
the primary and secondary.

Voltages and currents in the various windings can be found by two simple rules:

a) Primary apparent power (VA) equals Secondary apparent power (VA).


(VA)P = (VA) S---------------- (1)
EPIP = ESIS------------------ (2)
b) The primary (source) voltage and the secondary (load) voltage are directly proportional to
the number of turns N.

These equations depend upon one important fact, that voltage E A to B and EB to C add in
the same direction and do not oppose each other. We have assumed that the voltages
are in phase.

The load current, of course, cannot exceed the current carrying capacity of the winding.
Once this is known it is relatively easy to calculate the VA load which a particular
autotransformer can supply.

A disadvantage of the autotransformer is the lack of isolation between the primary and
secondary circuits, because the primary and secondary both use some of the same turns.

III. Procedure

1. Using a Single-Phase Transformer, Power Supply, Resistive Load, AC Ammeter and AC


Voltmeter, connect the circuit shown in Figure-3 (using MultiSim). Note that winding 5 to 6 is
connected as the primary winding across the 220 V ac source. The centre tap of the winding,
terminal-9 is connected to one side of the load and the 6 to 9 portion of the primary winding is
connected as the secondary winding.

2. a. Place all of the Resistive Load switches in their open positions for zero loads current.
b. Turn on the power supply and adjust for exactly 220 V ac as indicated
by voltmeter E1. (This is the rated voltage for winding 5 to 6).

c. Adjust the load resistance RL to 4400 Ω.

d. Measure and record currents I1, I2 and the output voltage E2.
I1 = 0.01 A ac
I2 = 0.02 A ac
E2 = 105 V ac
e. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.

Figure 1

3. a. Calculate the apparent power in the primary and secondary circuits.


E1 (220) × I1 (0.01) = 2.2 (VA) P
E2 (105) × I2 (0.02) = 2.1(VA) S
b. The primary and secondary apparent powers are not equal. Because we can see from Figur-
1; the primary winding turns is greater than the secondary winding turns. So the secondary winding
apparent power is less than the primary winding apparent power. This is a step-down
Autotransformer.

4. Connect the circuit shown in Figure-3. Notice that winding 6 to 9 is now connected as the
primary winding across the 110 V ac source. The 5 and 6 winding is now connected as the
secondary winding.

Figure 2
5. a. Place all of the Resistive Load switches in their open positions for zero load current.
b. Turn on the power supply and adjust for exactly 110 V ac as indicated by voltmeter E1.(This
is the rated voltage for winding 6 to 9.
c. Adjust the load resistance RL to 2200 Ω.
d. Measure and record currents I1, I2 and the output voltage E2.
I1 = 0.01 A ac
I2 = 0.10 A ac
E2 = 210 V ac
e. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.

6. a. Calculate the apparent power in the primary and secondary circuits.


E1 (110) × I1 (0.01) = 1.1 (VA) P
E2 (210) × I2 (0.10) = 21(VA) S
b. The primary and secondary apparent powers are not equal. Because we can see from Figur-
2; the primary winding turns is less than the secondary winding turns. So the secondary winding
apparent power is greater than the primary winding apparent power. This is a step-up
Autotransformer.
6. Using Multisim, apply 220V and fill out the table 1,2,3&4.

Table 1: Resistive load (600ῼ)


Vs Is V59 V56 V96 V92 V52 I600ῼ I600ῼ I600ῼ

Table 2: Inductive load (j600ῼ)


Vs Is V59 V56 V96 V92 V52 Ij600ῼ Ij600ῼ Ij600ῼ
Table 3: Capacitive load(-j600ῼ)
Vs Is V59 V56 V96 V92 V52 I(-j600ῼ) I(-j600ῼ) I(-j600ῼ)

Table 4: Impedance load (600 +j600ῼ& 600-j600ῼ)

Vs Is V59 V56 V96 V92 V52 I(600+j600ῼ) I(600+j600ῼ) I(600+j600ῼ)

Vs Is V59 V56 V96 V92 V52 I(600-j600ῼ) I(600-j600ῼ) I(600-j600ῼ)

Observation:

Conclusion:

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