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The biggest difference between sliding mode variable structure control and conventional control is
that the sliding mode control is discontinuous, that is, a switching intermittent control in which the
system structure changes with time. Remark 1A typical phase-locked loop (PLL) system consists of
three basic circuits, that is, phase detector (PD), voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and loop filter
(LPF). In this method, the SMO has been used to estimate the back EMF, and the phase-locked loop
has been employed to estimate the speed and position of PMSM. In Section 3, we analyze the
principle of the SMO with the PLL control scheme and present main results. Generally speaking,
mechanical sensors are installed to collect the specific parameter information of the signal through
the photoelectric encoder and other sensors ( Bourogaoui et al., 2017; Cao et al., 2020; Xu et al.,
2021; Xiong et al., 2022 ). However, these sensors require the additional mounting space, increase
the cost, and reduce the system reliability in environmental constraint. Expand 2 PDF 1 Excerpt Save
Performance improvements of a permanent magnet synchronous machine via functional model
predictive control A. Kassem A. Hassan Engineering 2012 This paper investigates the application of
the model predictive control (MPC) approach to control the speed of a permanent magnet
synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. The traditional SMO control can track the expected speed.
Google Scholar Zheng, C., Hu, Y., and Geng, Y. (2015). Sensorless Control Method of Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Principle of Phase-Locked Loop. The phase delay will directly
affect the phase response of the low-pass filter. The system adopts a double-loop structure; the inner
loop is the current loop and the outer loop is the speed loop. Using the traditional SMO and the SMO
with PLL method proposed in this article, the speed and position simulation diagrams of the
traditional SMO control and SMO with PLL are given, respectively. Any product that may be
evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed
by the publisher. Published in 2010 Performance Improvement of a PMSM Sensorless Control
Algorithm Using a Stator Resistance Error Compensator in the Low Speed Region Nungseo Park M.
The phase-locked loop based on the phase tracking principle is used to estimate the rotor position
and speed, which reduces the disturbance error. The main idea of ??vector control is to control not
only the magnitude and frequency of the supply voltage but also the phase 14.06.2019. Therefore,
this article designs an SMO based on PLL; it has good follow-up to phase and frequency and can
also omit the filter link in the original system. Since the rotor saliency and the additional test signal
are not needed, the rotor position information can be estimated only by the motor model. Aiming at
the chattering problem in the estimation of traditional SMO, a rotor position identification method of
PLL is proposed based on the effective flux model ( Zheng et al., 2015; Zhan et al., 2020; Zhao et
al., 2020 ). The comparison link between the actual rotor position and the estimated rotor position of
this method is equivalent to the phase detector in the phase-locked loop model. FIGURE 5 FIGURE
5. Equivalent diagram of PLL control. 4 Numerical Example As shown in Figure 6, the system
structure block diagram of PMSM sensorless control based on SMO and PLL is constructed. At this
time, the phase difference of the signal remains constant and is in the phase locking state. Compared
with other methods, the SMO method is not sensitive to system parameter changes and external
disturbances, so it has attracted extensive attention of experts and scholars, see Jin et al. (2014), Lin
et al. (2014), Li et al. (2015), Zhang et al. (2016), Zhang et al. (2019), and Hu et al. (2020) and
references therein. The block diagram of PLL control is shown in Figure 4. It involves applying the
correct sequence of voltage pulses applied to the stator coils and measuring the peak value of the
currents received to estimate the position of the rotor. The following are the detailed parameter
settings of the simulation. The estimated speed can quickly follow the set speed and converge to the
actual speed, which shows that the system has good dynamic and static performance. But to
implement this control method, it is necessary to know the position of the rotor. It can be seen from
Figure 8B that the SPM and PLL speed fluctuation has been greatly improved, which not only
ensures the real-time tracking of rotor speed but also optimizes the steady-state error of speed.
FIGURE 6 FIGURE 6. System structure block diagram of PMSM sensorless control based on SMO
with PLL. In order to obtain accurate back EMF, its low-pass filter is processed. If the
transformation mode of u ( x ) is different, the structure of the system will also change.
The estimated speed is almost equal to the actual speed when it is stable, but there will be large
chattering in the speed estimation at the moment of low speed and speed change, and there will be
large deviation in the speed estimation. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for
scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. PLL generally controls the output frequency
through the voltage difference between the phase of the input signal and the phase of the output
signal to make it reach the desired frequency value. Therefore, information about the position of the
rotor is obtained due to the difference between the inductances along the d and q axes, which is
available in the PMSM with a salient poles rotor. In the actual operation process, the rotor current is
more convenient to measure, so the current curve is usually selected as the switching surface. The
remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or
financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Therefore, only by
accurately obtaining the back EMF, the speed and position information of the motor be calculated. 3
Permanent Magnet Synchronous MotorVector Control Based on the Sliding Mode Observer and
Phase-Locked Loop Through the derivation of the mathematical model, we can see that the back
EMF of PMSM has the sinusoidal waveform and cosine waveform, which contains the rotation
angle, speed, and flux linkage information of the motor. For this, permanent magnet synchronous
motors are used, the rotor of which has one pair of poles. Since the rotor position sensor at high
speeds has a high error and it is not always possible to make it constructively, such applications
require the use of sensorless control systems. The estimated speed can quickly follow the set speed
and converge to the actual speed, which shows that the system has good dynamic and static
performance. The feedback link is used to return the back EMF signal output by the control function
to the SMO to realize the closed-loop structure as a whole. In order to obtain accurate back EMF, its
low-pass filter is processed. Curve between the estimated and actual position errors. (A) Position
error under traditional SMO. (B) Position error under traditional SMO with PLL. 5 Conclusion This
article has studied a chattering suppression method based on the combination of SMO and PLL
technologies, and the chattering problem of traditional SMO in PMSM sensorless control has been
solved. The block diagram of PLL control is shown in Figure 4. It weakens the influence of natural
chattering and improves the robustness of position and speed estimation. (3) The simulated
comparison between the proposed method and the traditional SMO shows that the proposed method
can effectively suppress the jitter of the traditional SMO, and the phase-locked loop is used to track
the rotor speed and position, which effectively improves the estimation accuracy, and proves the
correctness and feasibility of the proposed method. Through the above assumptions, in order to
simplify the mathematical model of PMSM and realize sensorless closed-loop control, correlation
transformation must be carried out. With new articles being added to these collections on a daily
basis, the collections serve as an ideal tool to keep researchers updated with new developments in the
respective fields. A simulation result is used to verify the proposed method in Section 4. To calculate
the angle, a state observer is used, which implements the calculation of all the variables and
parameters of the permanent magnet motor required to implement the adaptive vector control
algorithm, based on information about two stator phase currents (taken from current sensors) and
two specified phase voltages. It needs to be simplified in mathematical modeling. Due to the inertia
of traditional SMO, the equivalent back EMF value observed by SMO contains high-frequency
components, and the estimated value has the problem of chattering, which affects the application of
traditional SMO in high-precision occasions, and the angle compensation after low-pass filtering also
affects the observation accuracy in practical applications. FIGURE 3 FIGURE 3. Control structure
block diagram of the synovial current observer. There is neither phase lag nor amplitude attenuation.
Expand 2 PDF 1 Excerpt Save Performance improvements of a permanent magnet synchronous
machine via functional model predictive control A. Kassem A. Hassan Engineering 2012 This paper
investigates the application of the model predictive control (MPC) approach to control the speed of a
permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. But to implement this control method,
it is necessary to know the position of the rotor. The main idea of ??vector control is to control not
only the magnitude and frequency of the supply voltage but also the phase 14.06.2019. It can be
seen from Eq. 5 that the phase of the back EMF is related to the rotation angle of the motor, and the
amplitude of the back EMF is related to the speed of the motor. Subscribers will also have access to
new articles as soon as they are published and added to these collections. Hong Jang-Mok Kim
Semantic Scholar Semantic Scholar's Logo Figure 2 of 7 Stay Connected With Semantic Scholar
Sign Up What Is Semantic Scholar. FIGURE 6 FIGURE 6. System structure block diagram of
PMSM sensorless control based on SMO with PLL.
Therefore, this article designs an SMO based on PLL; it has good follow-up to phase and frequency
and can also omit the filter link in the original system. Hence, the sensorless methods have been
developed to simplify the structure and reduce the manufacturing cost of the motor. The phase delay
will directly affect the phase response of the low-pass filter. In the actual operation process, the rotor
current is more convenient to measure, so the current curve is usually selected as the switching
surface. The rest of this article is organized as follows: in Section 2, we present the mathematical
model of PMSM. By switching between different controls, the current state of the system moves
according to the predetermined “sliding mode” state trajectory so that the system reaches the desired
point so as to realize the control of the system. Hong Jang-Mok Kim Semantic Scholar Semantic
Scholar's Logo Figure 2 of 7 Stay Connected With Semantic Scholar Sign Up What Is Semantic
Scholar. It involves applying the correct sequence of voltage pulses applied to the stator coils and
measuring the peak value of the currents received to estimate the position of the rotor. It needs to be
simplified in mathematical modeling. The design principle of PLL has been analyzed theoretically,
and the derivation and verification have been given. The system adopts a double-loop structure; the
inner loop is the current loop and the outer loop is the speed loop. The block diagram of PLL control
can be equivalent to Figure 5. After that, a high-frequency component is allocated, from which
information about the position of the rotor and the speed of rotation of the electric motor is
extracted. As can be seen from Figure 9A, due to the high-frequency chattering component, the
estimated position of the rotor lags behind the actual position, and there is a fixed error, which
cannot be corrected and improved and will affect the dynamic response performance of the system.
However, due to the low-pass filter introduced, there is a phase delay in the system. A simulation
result is used to verify the proposed method in Section 4. Generally, sensors are used for this
purpose, which increases the cost. Matsui Engineering, Physics IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 1996
TLDR The paper presents the speed and position sensorless control of PM brushless DC motors with
a sinusoidal flux distribution and a novel starting method is presented by using a salient-pole
machine, which demonstrates desired characteristics both in steady-state and starting conditions. The
approach is based on the study of changes in the inductance of the stator coils depending on the
position of the rotor. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature,
based at the Allen Institute for AI. Compared with the literature ( Li and Wang, 2018; Yi et al.,
2020; Yu et al., 2021 ), the main contributions of this article can be outlined as follows: (1) The
system and measurement have been modeled to formulate the state estimation problem for PMSM.
Therefore, only by accurately obtaining the back EMF, the speed and position information of the
motor be calculated. 3 Permanent Magnet Synchronous MotorVector Control Based on the Sliding
Mode Observer and Phase-Locked Loop Through the derivation of the mathematical model, we can
see that the back EMF of PMSM has the sinusoidal waveform and cosine waveform, which contains
the rotation angle, speed, and flux linkage information of the motor. Subscribers will also have
access to new articles as soon as they are published and added to these collections. In the case when
there is no absolute position sensor, the simplest solution is to apply voltage to one of the phases and
wait until the rotor is oriented along the field. About this chapter Cite this chapter Wang, G., Zhang,
G., Xu, D. (2020). Model-Based Sensorless Control for PMSM Drives. Since the rotor saliency and
the additional test signal are not needed, the rotor position information can be estimated only by the
motor model. There is neither phase lag nor amplitude attenuation. The control structure block
diagram of the synovial current observer is shown in Figure 3. Due to the inertia of traditional SMO,
the equivalent back EMF value observed by SMO contains high-frequency components, and the
estimated value has the problem of chattering, which affects the application of traditional SMO in
high-precision occasions, and the angle compensation after low-pass filtering also affects the
observation accuracy in practical applications.
Otherwise, the system cannot perform sliding mode motion. The phase delay will directly affect the
phase response of the low-pass filter. The main idea of ??vector control is to control not only the
magnitude and frequency of the supply voltage but also the phase 14.06.2019. For this, permanent
magnet synchronous motors are used, the rotor of which has one pair of poles. Semantic Scholar is a
free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Therefore,
the task of designing synovial variable structure control is also divided into two stages. The feedback
link is used to return the back EMF signal output by the control function to the SMO to realize the
closed-loop structure as a whole. It needs to be simplified in mathematical modeling. Published in
2010 Performance Improvement of a PMSM Sensorless Control Algorithm Using a Stator Resistance
Error Compensator in the Low Speed Region Nungseo Park M. In this method, the SMO has been
used to estimate the back EMF, and the phase-locked loop has been employed to estimate the speed
and position of PMSM. The estimated speed can quickly follow the set speed and converge to the
actual speed, which shows that the system has good dynamic and static performance. Any product
that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed
or endorsed by the publisher. Implementation of sensorless vector control for super-high speed
PMSM of turbo-compressor.- Seoul, Korea.: Samsung Techwin Co., ltd, 2001. Therefore, information
about the position of the rotor is obtained due to the difference between the inductances along the d
and q axes, which is available in the PMSM with a salient poles rotor. The sliding mode observer
(SMO) method is one of the algorithms based on the motor model. The steady-state error value is
further weakened, which shows that this method has a good filtering effect, strong tracking
performance, and small steady-state velocity fluctuation. A simulation result is used to verify the
proposed method in Section 4. The estimated speed is almost equal to the actual speed when it is
stable, but there will be large chattering in the speed estimation at the moment of low speed and
speed change, and there will be large deviation in the speed estimation. The traditional SMO control
can track the expected speed. PLL generally controls the output frequency through the voltage
difference between the phase of the input signal and the phase of the output signal to make it reach
the desired frequency value. The block diagram of PLL control can be equivalent to Figure 5. The
model method estimates the rotor position by the back-EMF or the flux linkage model of the
fundamental frequency excitation. The system adopts a double-loop structure; the inner loop is the
current loop and the outer loop is the speed loop. To calculate the angle, a state observer is used,
which implements the calculation of all the variables and parameters of the permanent magnet motor
required to implement the adaptive vector control algorithm, based on information about two stator
phase currents (taken from current sensors) and two specified phase voltages. FIGURE 3 FIGURE 3.
Control structure block diagram of the synovial current observer. Through the simulation of the
design scheme, the results show that the SMO with PLL improves the chattering problem of the
traditional SMO, has high estimation accuracy of motor speed and rotor position, has a small amount
of calculation, and has strong robustness to external interference. After that, a high-frequency
component is allocated, from which information about the position of the rotor and the speed of
rotation of the electric motor is extracted. The second process is to make the system enter the
switching surface and move along the switching surface. At this time, the phase difference of the
signal remains constant and is in the phase locking state. Compared with the literature ( Li and
Wang, 2018; Yi et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2021 ), the main contributions of this article can be outlined as
follows: (1) The system and measurement have been modeled to formulate the state estimation
problem for PMSM.