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02 4 Basic Computer Period

The document discusses the four basic periods of computer development: 1) The Pre-Mechanical Age from 3000 BC to 1450 AD saw the development of writing systems and early calculating devices like the abacus. 2) The Mechanical Age from 1450-1840 featured early mechanical calculators and the development of the first general purpose computers. 3) The Electromechanical Age from 1840-1940 combined electricity with mechanical components and saw advances in communication technology. 4) The Electronic Age from 1940 onward is characterized by fully electronic digital computers, beginning with ENIAC, and advances in integrated circuits and microchips.

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8 views

02 4 Basic Computer Period

The document discusses the four basic periods of computer development: 1) The Pre-Mechanical Age from 3000 BC to 1450 AD saw the development of writing systems and early calculating devices like the abacus. 2) The Mechanical Age from 1450-1840 featured early mechanical calculators and the development of the first general purpose computers. 3) The Electromechanical Age from 1840-1940 combined electricity with mechanical components and saw advances in communication technology. 4) The Electronic Age from 1940 onward is characterized by fully electronic digital computers, beginning with ENIAC, and advances in integrated circuits and microchips.

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eunicemarieelamina
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© © All Rights Reserved
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02 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS

4 BASIC COMPUTER
PERIODS

BY: ENGR. MARK TRISTAN BANGUIS


4 BASIC COMPUTER PERIODS

1. The Pre-Mechanical Age: 3000 BC and


1450 AD
2. The Mechanical Age: 1450 – 1840
3. The Electromechanical Age: 1840 - 1940.
4. The Electronic Age: 1940 - Present.
1. Pre-Mechanical Age

➢ It is the earliest age of information


technology.
➢ Between the years 3000 BC and 1450
AD
• Its first form: Writing and
Alphabets
• Cuneiform (around 3000 BC), then
symbols (around 2000 BC).
1. Pre-Mechanical Age

➢ It is the earliest age of information


technology.
➢ Between the years 3000 BC and 1450
AD
• Its first form: Writing and
Alphabets
• Cuneiform (around 3000 BC), then
symbols (around 2000 BC).
1. Pre-Mechanical Age

➢ Papers and Pens


• Sumerians, Egyptians, Chinese
➢ Books and Libraries
➢ The first numbering system is also
discovered in this age.
➢ Egyptians and Hindus in India used
the numbering system.
1. Pre-Mechanical Age

➢ The numbering system similar to those


we use today is invented between 100
and 200 AD.
➢ The invention of zero comes much
later.
1. Pre-Mechanical Age

➢ First Calculating device is discover in


this era.
➢ ABACUS - also called a counting
frame, is a hand-operated calculating
tool which was used from ancient
times in the ancient Near East, Europe,
China, and Russia, until the adoption
of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
2. Mechanical Age

➢ This is the age that we observe the first


connections between the technology of today an
its ancestors.
➢ Slide rule is invented (early example of analog
computers).
➢ The first general purpose computers are
developed.
• "computer: one who works with numbers."
2. Mechanical Age

➢ This is the age that we observe the first


connections between the technology of
today and its ancestors.
➢ 1450 – 1840
➢ The first general purpose computers are
developed.
• "computer: one who works with
numbers."
2. Mechanical Age

➢ Slide rule is invented (early example of


analog computers).
➢ Slide rule.
➢ An analog computer used for
multiplying and dividing.
2. Mechanical Age

➢ Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline


machine.
➢ The Pascaline was designed and built by
the French mathematician-philosopher
Blaise Pascal between 1642 and 1644. It
could only do addition and subtraction,
with numbers being entered by
manipulating its dials.
2. Mechanical Age

➢ Difference engine is invented by Charles


Babbage.
➢ Babbage invented the Difference Engine
to compile mathematical tables. On
completing it in 1832, he conceived the
idea of a better machine that could
perform not just one mathematical task
but any kind of calculation.
2. Mechanical Age

➢ Ada Lovelace the first programmer.


➢ Ada Lovelace is considered the first
computer programmer. Even though she
wrote about a computer, the Analytical
Engine, that was never built, she realized
that the computer could follow a series
of simple instructions, a program, to
perform a complex calculation.
3. Electromechanical Age

➢ The most important advance in this era is


to use electricity.
➢ The developments in this age are the
beginnings of communication.
• Telegraph (early 1800s), radio
• Morse Code
• Telephone (examples in 1876, 1930,
1970 respectively).
3. Electromechanical Age

➢ The International Business Machines


Corporation (IBM) Mark I. (Around 1940)
➢ Programmed by using punch cards (Can’t
Store)
3. Electromechanical Age

➢ Programmed by using punch cards


(Can’t Store)
➢ used in the war effort during the last
part of World War II
➢ determine whether implosion was a
viable choice to detonate the atomic
bomb that would be used a year later.
4. Electronic Age

➢ That is the age that we are currently living in.


➢ ENIAC – the first high-speed, digital computer capable
of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of
computing problems.
➢ Used vacuum tubes – no mechanical devices.
➢ No storage of programs.
➢ The first stored program computer(s): The University of
Manchester Mark I and The EDSAC in Cambridge in
1949.
➢ The First General-Purpose Computer for Commercial
Use: Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
4. Electronic Age

The First Generation (1951 –


1958)

➢Vacuum Tubes and punch cards


– used in ENIAC and Mark I
4. Electronic Age

Second Generation (1959 -1963)

➢From Vacuum Tubes to


Transistors
➢Punch Cards to Magnetic Tapes
4. Electronic Age

Third Generation (1964 -1979)


Integrated Circuits
➢Transistors were miniaturized
and placed on silicon chips,
called semiconductors, which
drastically increased the speed
and efficiency of computers.
➢Also known as MICROCHIP
4. Electronic Age

Generation (1979 – present)

➢Computers of fourth generation


used Very Large Scale
Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
generation.
Thank You :)

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