Data type Purpose Memory Type

int to store whole number 2 bytes

float decimal upto 6 decimal places 4 bytes
double large fractional number 8 bytes
char store single character (alphabet, digit & symbol) 1 byte

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

Void main()

{
\Variable declaration
\Input to the program
\formulation steps or calculation steps
\Output of a program

getch() \to halt the output

}

Problem: Develop the algorithm to find the volume of the cylinder?

(Pi*r^2h)
Step1: Start
Step2: Declare 3 variables (v,r and h)
Step3: Input r and h
Step4: Calculate volume, v <- 3.14*r*r*h>
Step5: Display the volume of cylinder
Step6: Stop

Output function:

printf(“ ”);
\n to change line
\t for tab spacing
Input function:

scanf(“format specifier”,&var1, &var2…….&varn);

data type format specification

int %d
float %f
double %lf
char %c
long int

Problem: Write a program to calculate average of three numbers

Ctrl insert to copy
Shift insert to paste
Problem: Convert following sentential forms into equivalent conditions

1. Number,n is even: if n%2==0 (modulus operator to get reminder)

2. Number is positive: if n>0
3. Two numbers are not equal: a!=b
4. Number is divisible by 5 as well 7: a%5==0 && a%7==0 (II or, ! not)

Problem: Classify the roots of quadratic equations and create the equivalent conditions.
 DAY 2

Branching statement/ selection statement/ single pass statement:-

If(condition)
{
//code

Problem: Compute f(x)=1/(1-x), if x<0; f(x)=1/(1+x^2), if x>0; f(x)=0, if x=0.

If else

Problem: Develope the C program to check whether person is eligible for voting.

Problem: To check whether person is eligible for blood donation. Criterion is age
between 18 to 55 and weight of the person should be 45 and above.

If else ladder

Problem: Write a program to write a simple and compound interest.

Problem: Company gives a special discount on the purchase of their products on

following purchases. Input the purchase amount from the user and calculate the discount and
total bill.

Purchase amount, p Discount, d

P<=1000 10%
p>1000 && p<=5000 20%
p>5000 30%

Problem: Write a c program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.

Switch

switch(variable){
case constant1:
statement
break:

case constant2:
statement
break;

case constant3:
statement
break;

case constantN:
statement
break;
 default:
statement

Problem: write a to check whether a character is vowel or consonant.

switch(ch){

case ‘a’:
case ‘e’:
case ‘i’:
case ‘o’:
case ‘u’:
printf(“Vowel”);
break;

default:
printf(“Consonant”);
}

Problem: Write the menu driven program to calculate simple calculator.

Iterative statements/ looping statements/ multi-pass statements

for(exp1 initialisation;exp2 condition;exp3 updation)

{

while(condition){
\\code
}
Problem: Write a program to calculate GCD and LCM of any two number.

LCM=(a*b)/GCD;
GCD=
while(a!=b){
if(a>b){
a=a-b;
}
else b=b-a;
}

do-while

do{

\\code
} while(condition)
Problem: Find the sum of individual digits of a given number.

Jump statements:

1. Break
2. Continue
3. Return
4. Goto label; label:

Problem: Write a program to test whether a number is Armstrong number or not.

 DAY 3

ARRAY

Int a[n]: memory requirement = n x memory requirement of datatype

= n x 2 bytes
= 2n bytes

Problem: write a program to find the maximum number from the array of numbers.

STRING

char a[10]

Problem: student name, seat number, marks of 3 subjects

display total marks and result (all subject above 40)

FUNCTION:

1. Inbuilt functions

Under math.h ex: pow(x,y)=x^y;

sqrt(x)=(x)^0.5;
exp(x)=e^x;
log(x)=log x;
ceil(x)=round off to nearest higher whole number;
floor(x)=round off to nearest smaller whole number;
abs(x)=mod x;

2. User defined functions

Function declaration:

Syntax: returntype functionname(parameter list)

Returntype can be void or other than void (int, float, double…….)

Function call:
(a) If returntype is void, then syntax is:
functionname(only names of parameter & no datatype);
(b) If returntype is other than void, then syntax is:
Resultvariable=functionname(only names of parameter);

Problem: Develop a function to calculate factor of a number.

 DAY 4

OBJECTED ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

STRUCTURE:
 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING: CLASS CONCEPT

There are mainly four OOP principles:

Abstraction: act of representing essential features by hiding background task.
Encapsulation: wrapping up of data and function in a single unit.
Inheritance: to create a new class from the existing class.
Polymorphism: using same function to perform many tasks/ ability to take >1 form.

class concept:

class classroom{
private: (no access outside the class, only use from within the class)
//members (include variable/function or both)
public: (full access outside to the class)
//members
protected: (can be used by outside by child/derived class)
//members
};

keywords: class, private, public, protected

Problem: Develop the C++ application to calculate simple interest and compound
interest. Aplication should have three different functions:

1. getdata()-this function should read P,r,t.

2. calculate()-to calculate simple interest.
3. putdata()-to display simple interest.
 SAMPLE C++ PROGRAM

Problem: Develop a simple banking application with following functions

CreateAccount()
Deposit()
Withdraw()
CalculateInterest()
CheckBalance()
Application should read the customer name, account number, initial balance,
and the rate of interest.
Problem: Addition of two complex number.
 DAY 5

CONSTRUCTORS AND DISTRUCTORS:

returntype functionname (parameter list){

//code
}

Properties Function Constructor

Name Userdefined Classname
Returntype Yes No
Execution Manual (on call) Automatic (during object
creation)
Type Static or non-static Non-static
Categories of the function Not categorised based on the 1.
parameter

class Test{

private:
int a;
float b;
static int c;

public:
void abc(){
//code
}

static void pqr(){

//code
}

static member access- classname:: staticmembername

Constructor example:

INHERITENCE:

(a) Concept of inheritence.

(b) Types of inheritence:
1. Single inheritence (1:1)
2. Multi-level inheritence (1:1:1:1:…….:1)
3. Multiple inheritence (many:1)
4. Hierarchial inheritence (1:many)
5. Hybrid inheritence (mixed inheritence)
 (c) Syntax to inherit class
class derived-class-name : access-mode base-class-name
{
// body of class
};

Example:

class Emp
{
// code
};

class Manager : public Emp

{
// code
};

class Scientist : public Emp

{
// code
};

Problem: Implement the following inheritence

Emp
Getdata()
Name
putdata() Id
salary

Manager Scientist

Projects, teamsize patents, publications

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class Emp{
private:char name[20];int id;float salary;
public: void getdata(){
fflush(stdin);
cout<<"Enter the name, id and salary\n";
cin>>name>>id>>salary;}
void putdata(){
fflush(stdin);
cout<<"\n\nName="<<name<<"\nID="<<id<<"\nSalary="<<salary<<endl;}
};
class Manager : public Emp{
private:int teamsize, projects;
public: void getdata(){
fflush(stdin);
 Emp::getdata();
cout<<"\nEnter teamsize and number of projects handled\n";
cin>>teamsize>>projects;}
void putdata(){
fflush(stdin);
Emp putdata();
cout<<"TeamSize="<<teamsize<<"\nNumber of projects
handled="<<projects<<endl;}
};
class Scientist : public Emp
{
private:int pub, patents;
public: void getdata(){
fflush(stdin);
Emp::getdata();
cout<<"\nEnter the number of Publications and Patents";
cin>>pub>>patents;}
void putdata(){
fflush(stdin);
Emp putdata();
cout<<"Publications="<<pub<<"\nPatents="<<patents<<endl;}
};
void main(){
Manager m;
Scientist s;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the manager info\n";
m.getdata();
cout<<"\nManager info is:\n";
m.putdata();
cout<<"Enter the Scientist info\n";
s.getdata();
cout<<"\nScientist info is:\n";
s.putdata();
getch();
}
TEMPLATE:

This allows a function or class to work on many different data types without being
……..PPT

syntax: template<class Ttype>

example below:
 DAY 6

VIRTUAL FUNCTION: Example:-

EXCEPTION HANDLING:

Runtime error at any code and syntax error (try, throw, catch)

FILE HANDLING: