ASEMINAR REPORT

On

LI-FITECHNOLOGY
Submitted to

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

InpartialI
fulfitment of the requiremnents for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

Electronics and Communication Engineering

By
KONDA SATHVIKA

Regd. No.: 20J45A0409

ENGINE
oDY
EERIN

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

COLLEGE
MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING
Affiliated to JNTUH,
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi &
(AnUGC Autonomous Institution,
Hyderabad).
Secunderabad, Telangana State -500100,
Maisammaguda(H), Medchal - Malkajgiri District,
www.mrec.ac.in

February- 2023

i
 MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
(AnUGC Autonomous Institution, Approved by
AICTE, New Delhi &
Maisammaguda(H). Medchal - Malkajgiri District, Secunderabad,Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad).
Telangana State - 500100,
www.mrec.ac.in
DEPARTMENT OF ECE

REDDYENGINE

CERTIFICATE
Certified that seminar work entitled "Li-Fi -Technology" is a bonafide work
carried out in the eighth semester by "Konda Sathvika" inpartial fulfilment for the
award of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics &Communication Engineering
from Malla Reddy Engineering College, duringthe academic year 2022 2023.

SeminaCoordinator Examiner
InternaYE Head of Department
Mr.B Narender Reddy Dr. MJCPrasad
Assistant Professor Professor & HOD

Place:
Date:

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. A. RamaSwami Reddy. Principal.

MREC(A) for providing the working facilities in the college.

My sincere thanks and gratitude to Dr.M.Jagadeesh Chandra Prasad, Professor & Head,
Department of ECE, MREC(A) for allthe timely support and valuable suggestions during the
period of seminar.

Assistant Professor.
Iam thankful to my Seminar Coordinator Mr B.Narender Reddy,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his cooperation during the
seminar work.

Department who helpedus

Finally, I would also like to thank all the faculty and staff of the ECE
completing the seminar work.
directly or indirectly, parents and friends for their cooperation in

Name :K Sathvika
Regd.No..20J45A0409
Section :ECE-B

ii
 ABSTRACT
Li-Fistands for Light Fidelity. The technology is very new and was proposed by the German
physicist Harald Haas in 2011 TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) Global Talk on
Visible Light Communication (VLC). Li-Fi is awireless optical networking technology that
uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) for transmission of data. The term Li-Firefers to visible light
communication (VLC) technology that uses light as medium to deliver high-speed
communication in a manner similar to Wi-Fi and complies with the IEEE standard TEEE
802.15.7. The IEEE 802.15.7 is a high-speed, bidirectional and fully networked wireless
communication technology based standard similar to Wi-Fi's IEEE 802.11.This paper focuses
on Li-Fi, its applications, features and comparison with existing technologies like Wi-Fi etc.
Wi-Fi is of major use for general wireless coverage within building, whereas Li-Fiis ideal for
high density wireless data coverage in confined area and especially useful for applications in
arcas where radio interference issues are of concern, so the two technologies can be considered
Complimentary.Li-Fi provides better bandwidth, efficiency, connectivity and security than Wi
Fi and hasalready achieved high speeds larger than 1Gbps under the laboratory conditions. By
leveraging the low-cost nature of LEDs and lighting units, there are lots of opportunities to
exploit this medium.

Signature of the student

Name: Konda Sathvika

Reg No.:20J45A0409
Branch:ECE B
Semester:8th
Date:13/03/2023.

iv
 CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGE NO.
CERTIFICATE ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1Introduction 1

CHAPTER 2: ARCHITECTURE OF LI-FISYSTEM

2.1 Architecture of Li-Fi system 2
2.2 Li-Fi sub-assembly 3
CHAPTER 3: WORKING OF LI-FI
3.1 Basic Concept 4
3.2 How it Works?
5
3.3 Why Visible Light Communication? 6
CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION
4.1Conclusion
4.2 Advantages 8
4.3 Limitations of Li-Fi
9
4.4 Applications of Li-Fi 9
CHAPTER 5: FUTURE SCOPE
5.1Future Scope 11
5.2 Li-Fi Roadmap 11
CHAPTER 6: REFERENCES 12
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NAME PAGENo.

2.1 Block Diagram of Li-F0 Sub System 2
2.2 Bulb Sub-Assembly 3

2.3Construction of Li-Fi System

3.1Li-Fi Transmission 5

3.2Block diagram of Li-Fi Sub System

3.3 Li-Fisystem connecting devices in a room
5.1 Li-Fi Roadmap

vi
 CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction
INTRODUCTION
In the era of
overcrowded (data
communication) world. Li-Fi is a new way of
communication that uses LED lights to transmit data wirelessly. wireless
most important day to day activitics in the fast Transmission of data is one of the
growing world. The current wireless networks that
connect us to the Internet are very slow when
multiple devices are connected. Also with the
increase in the number of devices which access the
nternet, the availability of fixed bandwidth
makes it much more difficult to enjoy high data
transfer rates and to connect a secure network.
Radio waves are just a small part of the
electromagnetic spectrum available for data transfer. LI
Fi has got a much broader spectrum for
transmission compared to conventional methods of
wireless communications that rely on radio waves. The basic ideology
behind this technology is
that the data can be transferred through LED light by varying light
intensities faster than the human
eyes can perceive. This technology uses a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is
still not
greatly utilized- The Visible Spectrum, instead of Gigahertz radio waves for data transfer.
The idea of Li-Fi was introduced for the first time by a German physicist Harald Hass in the TED
(Technology, Entertainment, Design) Global talk on Visible Light Communication (VLC) in July
2011,by referring to it as "data through illumination". He used atable lamp with an LED bulb to
transmit a video of a blooming flower that was then projected onto ascreen. In simple terms, Li
Fican be thought of as a light-based Wi-Fii.e. instead of radio waves it uses light to transmit data.
In place of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceivers fitted with LED lamps that could light a
room as well as transmit and receive information.

By addingnew and unutilized bandwidth of visible light to the currently available radio waves for
data transfer, LiFican play a major role in relieving the heavy loads which the current wireless
system is facing. Thus it may offer additional frequency band of the order of 400 THz compared
tothat available in RF communication which is about 300 GHz. Also, as the Li-Fi uses the visible
spectrum, it willhelp alleviate concerns that the electromagnetic waves coming with Wi-Fi could
adversely affect our health. By Communication through visible light, Li-Fi technology has the
possibility to change how we access the Internet, stream videos, receive emails and much more.
Security would not be an issue as data can'tbe accessed in the absence of light. As a result, it can

be used in high security military areas where RF communication is prone to eavesdropping.

1
 CHAPTER 2

ARCHITECTURE OF LI-FISYSTEM
2.1 Architecture of Li-FiSystem
Li-Fiwhich can be the future of data communication appears to be a fast
and cheap optical version
of Wi-Fi. Being a Visible Light
Communication (VLC), Li-Fiuses visible light of electromagnetic
spectrum between 400 THz and 800 THz as optical carrier for data
transmission and illumination.
It uses fast pulses of light to transmit
information in wireless medium. The main components of a
basic Li-Fi systemn may contain the following:
a) Ahigh brightness white LED which acts as transmission source.
b) A silicon photodiode with good response to visible light as the receiving element.

Switching the LEDs on and off can make themn generate digital strings with different combination
of ls and Os. To generate a new data stream, data can be encoded in the light by varying the
flickering rate of the LED. In this way, the LEDs work as a sender by modulating the light with
the data signal. The LED output appears constant to the human because they are made to flicker
at aphenomenal speed (millions of times per second) and it's impossible for human eye to detect
this frequency. Communication rate more than 100 Mbps can be achieved by using high speed
LEDs with the help of various multiplexing techniques. And this VLC data rate can be further
increased to as high as 10 Gbps via parallel data transmission using an array of LED lights with
each LEDtransmitting a different data stream.

The Li-Fi transmitter system comprises of four primary subassemblies:

Bulb

RF Power Amplifier Circuit (PA)

Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Enclosure
Enclose

Bull

PA

PCB

Fig 2.1: Block Diagram of Li-Fi sub-assemblies.

2
 The Printed circuit board (PCB) controls the electrical inputs and outputs of the lamp and houses
the microcontroller used to manage different lamp functions. ARadio Frequency (RF) signal is
cenerated by the Power Amplifier and is directed into the electric field of the bulb. As aresult
of the high concentration of energy in the electric field, the contents of the bulb wll get
vaporized into aplasma state at the bulb's centre. And this controlled plasma in turn will
nroduce an intense source of light. Allof these subassemblies are contained in an aluminium

enclosure as shown in Fig. 2 above.

2.2 Li-Fi Bulb sub-assembly

bulb
The bulb sub-assembly is the main part of the Li-Fi emitter. It consists of a sealed
embedded in adielectric material which serves two purposes: one, it acts as a waveguide for
electric field
the RF energy transmitted by the PA (Power Amplifier) and two, it acts as an
the electric field
concentrator that focuses the energy intothe bulb. The collected energy from
intensity of Visible
rapidly heats the material in the bulb toa plasma state that emits light of high
sub-assembly of the bulb.
light spectrum. Figure 3 shows the

Bulb Dielectric
Material

Fig 2.2: Bulb Sub-Assembly

brightmess,
various inherent advantages of this approach which includes high
There are lumens
quality and high luminous efficacy of the emitter - in the range of 150
excellent colour failure
The structure is mechanically robust without typical degradation and
per watt or greater. useful
and glass to metal seals, resulting in
mechanisms associated with tungsten electrodes
temperature plasma
life of 30,000+ hours. In addition, the unique combination of high
lamp produced family of
digitally controlled solid state electronics results in an economically
and
over 100,000 lumens.
lamps scalable in packages from 3,000 to
3
 otant factors that should be
considered while designing Li-Fi are as folloe.
1) Presence of Light
2) Line of Sight (Los)
3) for better performance use fluorescent light & LED

Voltage regulator
Voltage regudator
Server
Client

Level shifter Level shifter

Transmitter cirauit Receiver circuit

LEDarray Photodiode
Transmitter Receiver

Fig 2.3: Construction of Li-Fi System

4
 CHAPTER 3
WORKINGO LI-FI
3.1 Basic Concept
Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology is awireless communication system based on the use of visible
light between the violet (800 THz) and red (400THz). Unlike Wi-Fi which uses the radio part
of the electromagnctic spectrum, Li-Fiuses the optical spectrum i.c. Visible light part of the
electromagnetic spectrum. The principle of Li-Fi is based on sending data by amplitude
modulationof the light source in a well-defined and standardized way. LEDs can be switched
on and off faster than the human eyes can detect since the operating speed of LEDs is less than
Imicrosecond. This invisible on-off activity enables data transmission using binary codes. If
the LED is on, a digital 1' is transmitted and if the LED is off, a digital 0 is transmitted. Also
these LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly which gives us a very nice opportunity for

transmitting data through LED lights, because there are no interfering light frequencies like that
of the radio frequencies in Wi-Fi. Li-Fiis thought to be 80%
more efficient, which means it can
differs from fibre optic because the Li-Fi
reach speeds of up to 1Gbps and even beyond. Li-Fi
communication over short distances (up to 10 meters).
protocol layers are suitable for wireless
puts Li-Fi in a unique position of extremely fast wireless communication over short
This
distances.

1 10 0 0 1
1 11 0 01 0 1 10 1 10
100 0 1 0 1 10 11011 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 110 1010001 | 0 1 1 011 (
011 0 00 1 011 1 0 11 01
111 100 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 10 1 1 0 101 101
011 011 1 10 0 1 0 1
010 1 110 1 110 11 0010 1 10 1
1010 1011
011 0 001 0 1 |I00 1 C
000 I 0 110 1 0 000 1 0 11 01
101 10 1 1 011
1 | 0 0010 1
0 01 0 1 10 I10
1 0 10 10 1 1 1
1 10 0 0 10 110 10 1 10 1 1 (
110 0
1 01 1 0 11 1I 0 I 011I1
I01 I 0 0 0 | 0 100 0 10 1 1(
10 1
0 10 1 10 1 1 | 0 0 1 01 1(
1 0 111 0 11
1 0 01101! 00
111100 1 01
0010 1 10 I!
100 0 10 1 101 110 | I 0 0 0 1
I001 011 0 011 011 (
1 1 10 0 1
1 01 1 0 1
Fig 3.1: Li-Fi Transmission

5
 CHAPTER 4

4.1 Conclusion
CONCLUSION
Alebough there's still a long way to go to make this
promises a great potential in nthe field of wireless technology a commercial success, it
Rndcompanies are currently internet. Asignificant number of
working on this concept, which promises to solve the researchers
Jack of radio spectrum, space and low problem of
internet connection speed. By deployment of this
technology, we can migrate to greener, cleaner, safer
communication networks. The very
concept of Li-Fi promises to solve issues such as, shortage of
radio-frequency bandwidth and
eliminates the disadvantages of Radiocommunication technologies. Li-Fi is the
upcoming and
growing technology acting as catalyst for various other developing and new
inventions/technologies. Therefore, there is certainty of development of future applications of
the Li-Fi which can be extended to different platforms and various walks of human life.

4.2 Advantages
Li-Fi, which uses visible light to transmit signals wirelessly, is an emerging technology poised
to compete with Wi-Fi. Also, Li-Fi removes the limitations that have been put on the user by
the Radio wave transmission such as Wi-Fi as explained above vide 4.1. Advantages of Li-Fi
technology include:
illumination
Bfficiency: Energy consumption can be minimised with the use of LED
Hence
which are already available in the home, offices and Mall etc. for lighting purpose.
which makes itvery
the transmission of data requiring negligible additional power,
efficient in terms of costs as well as energy.

interference, high bandwidths and high-intensity

High speed: Combination of low
Gbps or even beyond.
output, help Li-Fiprovide high data rates i.e. 1
light sources are present everywhere.
Availability: Availability is not an issue as
Internet.
Wherever there is a light source, there can be
only
only requires fewer components for its working, but also uses
Cheaper: Li-Finot
for the data transmission.
a negligible additional power through
advantage of Li-Fi is security. Since light cannot pass
Security: One main users within a contined area
the
structures, Li-Fi internet is available only to
Opaque operation.
intercepted and misused, outside the area under
and cannot be
 CHAPTER 5
FUTURE SCOPE

5.1Future Scope
a grcat scope for the use and evolution of LiFi
As light is everywhere and free to usc, there is
Li-Fi bulb can be used to transrmit wireless
technology. Ifthis technology becomes mature, cach
will lcad to a cleancr, grecner, safer
data. As the Li-Fi technology becomcs popular, it
environment. The concept of Li-Fi is deriving
communications and have a bright future and
If it evolves
people as it is free (require no license) and faster means of data transfer.
many
technology more and more.
faster, people will use this

5.2 Li-Fi Roadmap

Augcd
&Vb
Market
potenbal
value ndanr Reality
Networing

Erteer Jsiwrarl
Broadcast

MZM

LBS
15.711
Drall
IEEE 802.15.7 revision1 CFA
CFP Sliaridkud pubicaiui
2018
2016
2014
Fig 5.1: Li-FiRoadmap

available. The
Based Service) or Broadcast solution are commercially
Currently, LBS (location
B2B market with high added value on specific business
WLAN for
next step could be a Li-Fi the Li-Fi could become an
long term,
towards mass market. In the
cases and could grow and new adapted
radio for wireless high data rate room connectivity
alternative solution to
reality.
service, such as augmented or virtual

11
 CHAPTER 6
REFERENCES
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http://www.onlinejournal.in/1JIRV2l6/006.pdf
http:/iceexplore.icee.org stamp stamp.jsp?arnumber-6685753
www.oledcomm.com

http: ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Revicw Paper on Li Fi Light Fidelity ijarii

e2056.pdf
http://www.lifi-lab.com lifi/lifi-enhanced-mode-future-wireless-communication
review.html

htps://www.ijsr.net/archive/vSi9/26051603.pdf
https://www.ijst.net/archive/v4i12/NOV1S 1778.pdf
http:/ijarie.com/AdminUploadPdfReview_Paper_on Li_Fi_Light Fidelity ijari
c2056.pdf
http://www.ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume_5/6_June2015/VSI6-0175.pdf
http://www.ijcta.com/documents/volumes/vol5issuel/ijcta2014050121.pdf
http://www.academia.edu/6996573/CSE Study Paper _on_. Li
Fi Technology The_latest_technology_in_wireless
http:/www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0416/ijsrp-p5275.pdf
htp://www.academia.edu/6770592/Light_Fidelity_LI-FI_-A_Comprehensive_Study_
htps://www.ijedr.org/papers/IJEDR1601019.pdf
http://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/A-Study-on-LiFi-Light-Fidelity-Technology.pdf
htps://www.researchgate.net/publication/279530585 Li
Fi Technology Data Transmission_ through_Visible_Light
htp://www.internationaljournalssrg.org/1JECE/2015/Volume2-Issue3/JECE
V213P107.pdf
http:/lciteseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.666.5679&rep-repl&type
-pdf
http://www.ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume 3/|1 November2013/V3111-0434.pdf
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