Scribd
Upload
51 views

Ictional Properties of Textile

Friction is the force that resists the movement of surfaces in contact with each other. In textiles, fiber friction occurs between fibers during processing and holds fibers together in yarns. There are two main types of friction - static friction which must be overcome to initiate movement, and kinetic friction which is lower and must be overcome to continue movement. Fiber friction is affected by many factors and can be quantified using the coefficient of friction, defined as the ratio between frictional and normal forces. Proper control and minimization of friction is important in textile processing to reduce fiber damage and breakage and improve quality.

Uploaded by

Hadiuzzaman Leon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
51 views

Ictional Properties of Textile

Friction is the force that resists the movement of surfaces in contact with each other. In textiles, fiber friction occurs between fibers during processing and holds fibers together in yarns. There are two main types of friction - static friction which must be overcome to initiate movement, and kinetic friction which is lower and must be overcome to continue movement. Fiber friction is affected by many factors and can be quantified using the coefficient of friction, defined as the ratio between frictional and normal forces. Proper control and minimization of friction is important in textile processing to reduce fiber damage and breakage and improve quality.

Uploaded by

Hadiuzzaman Leon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE FIBRES

Friction is the force that resists the movement of a surface over another surface
during sliding. When fibers are processed in textile industry, friction is
developed between them. Due to the friction, the properties shown by textile
fibers are called as frictional properties.

Fiber Friction
It is the surface property of the fibre when two solid surfaces slide against each
other. When we talk about fiber friction then it is very necessary because it is
the the force that holds together the fibre in a spun yarn and the interlacing
threads in a fabric. For example, if we rub silk fabric with itself or any other type
of material then static charge and heat energy is produced due to fiber friction.

Types of Friction

Static Friction:
It is the force that must be overcome to begin sliding of two objects or fibers in
contact. It is independent of area of contact.
Prepared by Dr. Md. Ismail Hossain
B.Sc. in Textile Tech. (DU), PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of TE, KUET
Kinetic or Dynamic friction:
It is the force that must be overcome to continue sliding. It is independent of
sliding speed, however in case of some semi crystalline polymers this behavior
is very complex. Kinetic friction is always less than that of static friction.

Factors Affecting the Frictional Intensity of Textile Materials


1. Composition of the material (natural/synthetic)
2. The state of the surface (slippery/rough surface)
3. Weight of the fibre
4. Pressure between two surfaces
5. Area of contact or angle of contact
6. Speed of sliding of one surface over another
7. Temperature & Relative humidity (%)
8. Water absorption of fibre
9. Cross-sectional area of fibre

Co-Efficient of Friction
Frictional intensity of textile fibres can be determined by measuring co-efficient
of friction. According to Amonton’s basic law (2nd law) of friction, frictional force
is proportional to the normal force between surfaces in contact that is frictional
force is proportional to the perpendicular force of a material due to its own
weight.

Prepared by Dr. Md. Ismail Hossain


B.Sc. in Textile Tech. (DU), PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of TE, KUET
So, F∞ N; where F= Frictional force & N= Normal or perpendicular force
Or, F= µ N Or, µ= F/N

Here, µ is the proportionate constant known as co-efficient of friction. Thus, co-


efficient of friction can also be defined as the ratio between frictional force and
perpendicular force of a material.

Frictional intensity of textile fibres depends on the difference between µs and µs


(µs-µk), where µs is always higher than µk. If the difference is high, then the
fabric becomes slippery and if the difference is less, then the fabric becomes
rough.

Some typical values of µs and µk


Friction between
fibre on fibre µs µk
Rayon on rayon 0.35 0.26
Nylon on nylon 0.47 0.40
Polyester on polyester 0.15 0.12
Cotton on cotton 0.51 0.26
with scale 0.13 0.11
Wool on wool
against scale 0.61 0.38

Prepared by Dr. Md. Ismail Hossain


B.Sc. in Textile Tech. (DU), PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of TE, KUET
Importance of friction in Textile Industry
 Friction holds the fibre in a sliver and hence material does not break due to
self weight.
 Friction helps in drafting and drawing process.
 Uniform tension can be maintained in winding and warping because of
friction.
 Friction helps in twisting during spinning.
 Friction modifies the lustre and appearance of a cloth
 Friction makes more clean yarn.

Problems/Effects of friction in Textile Industry


 Fiber friction can lead to damage of fiber surface; it weakens the fibers,
even causes breakage of fibers.
 Friction causes neps formation.
 Over friction causes high breakage of yarn in Spinning, weaving and
knitting.
 Due to friction handle properties of fabric will be changed.
 Sometimes, due to friction textile materials may be elongated.
 Friction causes yarn and fabric hairiness.
 Friction causes static charge formation in textile material and therefore, dust,
dirt etc. are attracted by the textile material and it becomes dirty.
 Friction worns out different parts of a machine.

Prepared by Dr. Md. Ismail Hossain


B.Sc. in Textile Tech. (DU), PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of TE, KUET
Minimization of frictional intensity of textile materials
The following steps may be taken to reduce the frictional intensity in textile
materials-

 Sizing is done on warp yarn before weaving to reduce friction between


adjacent yarns; as a result ends breakage rate during weaving becomes
minimized.
 Emulsion, oil, lubricants etc. are applied specially on jute in batching section
to reduce the stiffness of fibre and thus fibre damage is reduced in
processing. Thus, lubrication reduces the effect of friction.
 Chemical treatment is applied on wool fibre to reduce scale sharpness and
thus frictional intensity of fibre is minimized.
 By calendaring it is possible to minimize the frictional intensity of cloth.
 Sometimes resin finish or anti-crease finish can be applied on cloth to
reduce the frictional intensity.
 Softener can also be applied on textile material to reduce its frictional
intensity.

Effects of lubricant on frictional force

Lubricants reduce the frictional force between two surfaces at a certain level.
In case metals, lubricant reduces the value of µ from 1.0 to 0.05 but in case of
fibres, it has comparatively little effects and usually reduces value between 0.2
to 0.7

Prepared by Dr. Md. Ismail Hossain


B.Sc. in Textile Tech. (DU), PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of TE, KUET
A good lubricant acts by forming monolayer on the surface and preventing the
adhesion of the two surfaces at a point of contact.
A scoured cotton on steel give µ= 0.7
but raw cotton (5 % oil & wax) µ= 0.25
On the contrary, lubricated scoured cotton steel give µ= 0.14-0.35
If the amount of lubricant is too high, friction increases.
Again viscosity of the lubricant has effect on friction.

Viscosity of the lubricant frictional force

Prepared by Dr. Md. Ismail Hossain


B.Sc. in Textile Tech. (DU), PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of TE, KUET

You might also like