CROP PROTECTION

PREPARED BY: DARWIN M. CACAL

1. Which of the types of insect
development is referred to as gradual
metamorphosis.
a. Paurometabolous
b. Hemimetabolous
c. Ametometabolous
d. Holometabolous
1. Which of the types of insect development is referred to as gradual
metamorphosis.
a. Paurometabolous- (gradual)
Example (Grasshoppers, Crickets, Katydids, Locust)
b. Hemimetabolous- (Naiad)
Example (Odonata, Mantodea)
c. Ametometabolous- (No metamorphosis)
Example: (Springtails and silverfish)
d. Holometabolous- (larva/pupa)
Example (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera)
2. The first Filipino who was first to be
trained on insect pathology.
a. Sacay c. Gabriel
b. Baltazar d. Cagampang
2. The first Filipino who was first to be
trained on insect pathology.
a. Sacay c. Gabriel
b. Baltazar d. Cagampang
Claire R. Baltazar

• became the first Filipina with

a college degree majoring in
entomology.

• reported on the cotton

leafhopper, Empoasca
bigutulla with Cendana
Bernardo P. Gabriel

• became the first Filipino insect

pathologist.
• Specialized: Philippine Butterflies, Pest
management and Biological control
• Studied: B.t strain, Fungi
(Coelomomyces) and Viruses for
biological control (Nuclear polyhedrosis
virus-NPV).
• Founded: B.t subsp. morrisoni was
proven toxic against mosquito larvae
Sacay

He is the co-author of Leopoldo

Uichanco in the publication of
Phil. Agriculture Vol. 1 by
containing valuable information
on Philippine insect pests of
crops.
Cagampang

published Illustrated Keys to

the Anopheles Mosquitoes of
the Philippine Islands, offering
comprehensive identification
keys for this medically
important group of insects with
Darsie as co-author
3. Not eukaryotic pathogen
a. Fastidious vascular bacteria
b. Phytopthora
c. Powdery mildew pathogens
d. Downy mildew pathogens
3. Not eukaryotic pathogen
a. Fastidious vascular bacteria
b. Phytopthora
c. Powdery mildew pathogens
d. Downy mildew pathogens
Eukaryotic
pathogen
- organisms whose cells
have a true nucleus and
membrane-bound
organelles
- Example Fungi and Protist
a. Fastidious vascular bacteria
• are prokaryotic bacteria,
• belong to the phylum
Spirochaetes and include
pathogens like
Spiroplasma and
Phytoplasma,
b. Phytopthora- genus of water molds (Example: Crown and
root rot)
c. Powdery mildew pathogens- Sphaeropsidales fungi,
species of the genus Cicinnobolus
(Example: Podosphaera xanthii-Mildew in Cucurbits)
d. Downy mildew pathogens- oomycete genus Sclerospora,
(Example: Peronosclerospora philippinensis- Mildew in Corn)
b. Phytopthora- water
molds (Oomycetes)

Phytopthora palmivora
c. Powdery mildew
pathogens-
Sphaeropsidales fungi,
species of the genus
Cicinnobolus

Podosphaera xanthii
c. Downy mildew
pathogens-
oomycete genus
Sclerospora

Peronosclerospora philippinensis
4. A major characteristic of plant
pathogenic bacteria except one
a. Reproduced by binary fission
b. Gram positive
c. Flagellated
d. Gram negative
4. A major characteristic of plant
pathogenic bacteria except one
a. Reproduced by binary fission
b. Gram positive
c. Flagellated
d. Gram negative
a. Reproduction by
binary fission-
Most bacteria, including
plant pathogenic
bacteria, reproduce by
binary fission, where a
single bacterial cell
divides into two
identical daughter cells.
b. Gram positive
• Gram-positive bacteria
have a thick layer of
peptidoglycan in their
cell walls. hich retains
the violet crystal stain
during Gram staining,
giving them a purple
color.
• hinner peptidoglycan
layers and stain pink
during Gram staining,
indicating that they are
Gram-negative.
c. Flagellated
• bacteria can have
flagella, which are
whip-like structures
that allow them to
move.
• Flagella help these
bacteria to move in a
liquid environment
and infect plant
tissues.
c. Gram Negative
• lose crystal violet and
stain red.
• more resistant to
antibodies because
their cell wall is
impenetrable.
5. An obligate pathogen, except:
a. Nematodes
b. Bacteria
c. Plant viruses
d. Phytopthora infestans
5. An obligate pathogen, except:
a. Nematodes
b. Bacteria
c. Plant viruses
d. Phytopthora infestans
Nematodes- can be obligate pathogens, can only complete their life cycle within a host
organism.

Bacteria- Some can be obligate, rely on a host organism to reproduce and cause disease.

Plant viruses- can be obligate, They need a plant host to replicate and cause disease.

Phytopthora infestans- pathogenic oomycete that causes late blight in potatoes and
tomatoesthey are not solely dependent on a living host for their survival and can also
survive in the environment in the absence of a host. They are facultative pathogens
6. Not a genus of Phytobacteria
a. Escherichia
b. Ralstonia
c. Burkholderia
d. Xanthomonas
6. Not a genus of Phytobacteria
a. Escherichia
b. Ralstonia
c. Burkholderia
d. Xanthomonas
Escherichia-
• genus of bacteria
• family Enterobacteriaceae
• not typically associated with
plant diseases
• commonly known for its
presence in the intestinal
tracts of animals, including
humans.
Example : E. Coli
Burkholderia
• genus was named after Walter
H. Burkholder
• Gram-negative, obligately
aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria
• previously part of
Pseudomonas)
Example: Burkholderia caryophylli
(bacterial wilt of carnation)
Xanthomonas
• described by Dowson
• from greek: xanthos – “yellow”;
monas – “entity”
• can cause bacterial spots and
blights of leaves, stems, and
fruits on a wide variety of plant
species
Example: Citrus canker, caused by
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
7. Causes the moko or bugtok disease of
banana in the Philippines
a. Xanthomonas oryzae
b. Ralstonia solanacearum
c. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
d. Pectobacterium carotovorum pv
carotovorum
7. Causes the moko or bugtok disease of
banana in the Philippines
a. Xanthomonas oryzae
b. Ralstonia solanacearum
c. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
d. Pectobacterium carotovorum pv
carotovorum
Bugtok Moko
Bugtok/Moko
• Known as “tapurok” or “tibaglon” in Central
Visayas: also described as bacterial finger rot.
• Seriously affects Saba production in the Visayas
and Cavendish and Lakatan in Mindanao
• Farmers wait for 18-21 months to harvest Saba,
only to find out that 80% is Bugtok infected
Symptoms
• Bacterial ooze maybe observed at the base
of the bracts where localized blackening
may also occur.
• If male flower is removed, external
symptoms may not be observed.
• Internally, pockets of dry gelatinous grayish
black or yellowish red tissue are found in the
fruit, which may extend to the whole pulp.
Transmission
• By insects (Thrips) into the
inflorescence (Bugtok)

• Mechanical transmission through

contaminated tools during pruning,
desuckering, removal of male buds or
damage leaf (wounds in; roots,
rhizomes, male buds, leaves)
8. The causal organism of crown gall tumor in
dicots.
a. Xanthomonas oryzae
b. Ralstonia solanacearum
c. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
d. Pectobacterium carotovorum pv carotovodum
8. The causal organism of crown gall tumor in
dicots.
a. Xanthomonas oryzae- Rice leaf blight
b. Ralstonia solanacearum- Bacterial wilt
c. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-
Agrobacterium radiobacter (crown gall)
d. Pectobacterium carotovorum pv carotovodum-
bacterial soft rot
9. Causes bacterial leaf blight of rice
a. Xanthomonas oryzae
b. Xanthomonas campestris
c. Xanthomonas vesicatoria
d. Xanthomonas yectonae
9. Causes bacterial leaf blight of rice
a. Xanthomonas oryzae- Rice leaf blight
b. Xanthomonas campestris- Black rot
c. Xanthomonas vesicatoria- Bacterial spot
of pepper
d. Xanthomonas yectonae- No species
yectonae
10. Causes crown gall and is used in
genetic engineering of plants
a. Xanthomonas oryzae
b. Ralstonia solanacearum
c. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
d. Pectobacterium carotovorum
 Xanthomonas oryzae Ralstonia solanacearum
• larger than leaf spots and more • described by Erwin F. Smith in 1896
irregularly shaped. • soil-borne bacterium
• coalescence of numerous small • first named Bacillus solanacearum
spots • Changed in P. solanacearum
 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Pectobacterium carotovorum
• gram-negative soil bacterium. • formerly Erwinia
• soil phytopathogen that naturally • most destructive soft rots.
infects plant wound sites • soft, mushy rot beginning at the basal end
11. First Filipino Acarologist
a. Baltazar
b. Rimando
c. Gabriel
d. Sanchez
11. First Filipino Acarologist
a. Baltazar
b. Rimando
c. Gabriel
d. Sanchez
12. First Filipino Insect Pathologist
a. Baltazar
b. Rimando
c. Gabriel
d. Sanchez
12. First Filipino Insect Pathologist
a. Baltazar
b. Rimando
c. Gabriel
d. Sanchez
Jose Sanchez
conducted the first
study on the white grub,
Leucopholis irrorata,
published in the monthly
issue of the
Agronomical Service.
13. First discovered viroid as causal
agent of plant disease
a. Deiner
b. Y. Doi et al.
c. A.C. Goheen et al.
d. Davide et al
13. First discovered viroid as causal
agent of plant disease
a. Deiner
b. Y. Doi et al.
c. A.C. Goheen et al.
d. Davide et. al.
Theodor Otto Diener
• Swiss-American plant pathologist
• discovered that the causative agent
of the potato spindle tuber disease
is not a virus,
• Viroid consists solely of a short
strand of single-stranded RNA
without a protein capsid, eighty
times smaller than the smallest
viruses.
Doi, Y. , Teranaka, M. , Yora, K. and
Asuyama, H. (1967)

• discovered structures in ultrathin sections of the phloem of

plants affected by these diseases, including mulberry dwarf,
paulownia witches’ broom and aster yellows, that resembled
animal and human mycoplasmas.
Goheen A.C., G. Nyland and S.K. Lowe,
1973.
• Association of a rickettsia-like organism with
Pierce's disease of grapevines and alfalfa dwarf
and heat tratment of the disease in grapevines.
Davide and co-workers(1983-1984)
Encouraged investigations on finding alternative control of a
fungus(Paecilomyces lilacinus)which is anatagonistic to plant
parasitic nematodes. Thebiocontrol agent is commercially known
as Biocon.
14. Larval and pupal stages are only found
in insects with this type of development:
a. holometabolous
b. ametabolous
c. paurometabolous
d. hemimetabolous
14. Larval and pupal stages are only found
in insects with this type of development:
a. holometabolous
b. ametabolous
c. paurometabolous
d. hemimetabolous
15. First discovered fastidious vascular
bacteria as causal agent of plant
disease
a. Diener
b. Y. Doi
c. R.E. Davies
d. A.C. Goheen et al.
15. First discovered fastidious vascular
bacteria as causal agent of plant
disease
a. Diener
b. Y. Doi
c. R.E. Davies
d. A.C. Goheen et al.
16. Nematodes are isolated by the
so-called:
A. baermann funnel method
b. tissue planting technique
c. root isolation technique
d. streak plate method
16. Nematodes are isolated by the
so-called:
A. baermann funnel method
b. tissue planting technique
c. root isolation technique
d. streak plate method
Baermann Funnel Method- A device used to extract
nematodes (Nematoda) from a soil sample or plant
material.
Tissue Planting Technique - Fragments of plant
material, perhaps even just a couple of cells, are placed
in an artificial growing medium to develop into new
plants
Root Isolation Technique- separation of the host with
infected roots cause by disease, Separating one
species from another.
Streak Plate Method
is used to grow bacteria on a growth media surface so
that individual bacterial colonies are isolated and
sampled.
17. Which of the following insect
order is wingless?
a. Lepidoptera
b. Isoptera
c. Anoplura
d. Coleoptera
17. Which of the following insect
order is wingless?
a. Lepidoptera
b. Isoptera
c. Anoplura
d. Coleoptera
ORDER which the last 4-5 letters:
PTERA- WINGED

APTERA/PLURA- WINGLESS
LEPIDOPTERA (Moth and
Butterfly)

• Complete (simple) metamorphosis

• second largest order in the class
Insecta.
• larvae are called caterpillars (well-
developed head with chewing
mouthparts).
• lepidopteran larvae are herbivores
• Adults are distinctive for their large
wings
• distinctive color patterns
COLEOPTERA
(Beetles/Weevils)

• Complete (simple)
metamorphosis
• largest order in the class
Insecta.
• Elytra wings
• heavily sclerotised and form
protective covers over the hind
wings
ISOPTERA (Termites)
• Incomplete (simple) metamorphosis
• Chewing mouthparts
• Front & hind wings similar in size, shape
& venation
• Abdomen broadly joined to thorax
• Soft-bodied, light-colored insects
• Closely related to cockroaches
• Social insects with different castes
• Destructive to wood, which is digested
with help of flagellate protozoans
ANOPLURA
(Louse)
• flattened bodies
• parasites of birds and
mammals.
18. Where do armyworms prefer to
pupate?
A. In the rice panicle
B. In the stem
C. Under the leaves
D. In the soil
18. Where do armyworms prefer to pupate?
A. In the rice panicle
B. In the stem
C. Under the leaves
D. In the soil- Armyworms will dig into the soil
to create a pupal chamber where they
undergo metamorphosis and transform into
adult moths. This behavior helps protect
them during the vulnerable pupal stage.
In the rice panicle- Rice bug, RBB

In the stem- Stem borer, BPH

Under the leaves- Leaf folder, leaf miner, GLH

In the soil- Armyworms, Mole cricket, beetles

19. Which of the following insect species is
commonly used in genetics studies
a. Chiconomoides sp.
b. Drosophila melanogaster
c. Arabidopsis thaliana
d. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
19. Which of the following insect species is
commonly used in genetics studies
a. Chiconomoides sp.
b. Drosophila melanogaster
c. Arabidopsis thaliana
d. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Chironomidae species
• largest family of aquatic insects

• Larvae are often the dominant insects in

the profundal and sublittoral zones of
lakes, and consequently adults are
sometimes called “lake flies,” although
they are most often referred to as
“midges.”
Drosophila melanogaster
commonly known as the fruit fly.
Drosophila has a short life cycle of
about two weeks, and females have
a lot of offspring—they can lay
hundreds of eggs in a few days.

Both these features make them a

great system for genetic
experiments.
Arabidopsis thaliana
- Not an insect species
- Due to the small size of its genome,
and because it is diploid, Arabidopsis
thaliana is useful for genetic mapping
and sequencing — with about 157
megabase pairs and five
chromosomes, A. thaliana has one of
the smallest genomes among plants.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
• Not an insect species
• It is a disease
• soil bacterium, which is used to transfer a
small segment of DNA into plant genome by
the process known as transformation (Mishra
et al., 2008).
• Agrobacterium usage as a vector which
carries a nematode-specific gene which helps
in the production of sense and antisense RNA
complementary to nematodes functional
RNA.
20. Which insect has siphoning
mouthparts
a. Grasshoppers
b. Caterpillar
c. Adult butterflies
d. Bees
20. Which insect has siphoning
mouthparts
a. Grasshoppers
b. Caterpillar
c. Adult butterflies
d. Bees
Siphoning mouthparts are
specifically adapted for
sucking up liquid food, such as
nectar from flowers.
Grasshopper- chewing
Caterpillar- chewing/spinneret
for silk production
Bees- Chewing-lapping
21. Identify the item that does not
belong
a. Thorax
b. Abdomen
c. Tympanum
d. Head
21. Identify the item that does not
belong
a. Thorax
b. Abdomen
c. Tympanum
d. Head
Tympanum
They are backed by an
air-filled space or
cavity and are
innervated by a
chordotonal sensory
organ.
22. To what genus does the pink
rice stem borer belong?
a. Sesamia
b. Schoenobius
c. Ostrinia
d. Chilo
22. To what genus does the pink
rice stem borer belong?
a. Sesamia
b. Schoenobius
c. Ostrinia
d. Chilo
 ASIATIC CORN BORER
Ostrinia furnacalis

▪ attack all parts of the maize plant.

▪ female is pale yellow brown with
irregular bands across the wings; the
male is darker.
▪ bore into the stem or branches
▪ bore in the shank and cob in the ear or
feed on silk or kernels.
 PINK STEM BORER
Sesamia inferens
• A moth in the Noctuidae.
• Outbreaks in rice are usually
late in the crop, and occur
when sugarcane and maize
are growing nearby and
become infested.
 STRIPED STEM BORER

Chilo suppressalis
• is a moth of the family Crambidae.
• Forewings are 11-15 mm long with a wingspan
of 20-30 mm (Hill, 1983) with a color varying
from dirty-white to yellow-brown.
• The hindwings are white to yellowish-brown
(Hattori and Siwi, 1986).
 WHITE /DARK HEADED STEM BORER
S.N- Scirpophaga innonata
has been an epidemic pest in
other locations in the
Philippines and Indonesia, its
population has remained at
chronic pest levels in
Koronadal, southern
Mindanao, Philippines.
 YELLOW STEM BORER
S.N- Scirpophaga incertulas
Larvae bore at the base of
the plants during the
vegetative stage. On older
plants, they bore through the
upper nodes and feed toward
the base. The yellow stem
borer is a pest of deepwater
rice.
23. Which entity is not an insect
pest?
a. Gnats
b. Ticks
c. Flea
d. Flies
23. Which entity is not an insect
pest?
a. Gnats
b. Ticks
c. Flea
d. Flies
Gnats
▪ attracted to moisture
▪ bite humans
▪ holometabolous
insects
Fleas
▪ adapted to
ectoparasitism
▪ wingless, reddish-
brown
▪ flattened from side to
side.
▪ holometabolous
insects
Flies
▪ use of only one pair of
wings for flight.
▪ reduction of the
second pair of wings
to knobs (called
halteres) used for
balance.
24. Which of one of the following is not due
to insect damage?
a. Annoyance
b. Miyasis
c. Disorientation
d. Vectors of plants/animal diseases
24. Which of one of the following is not
due to insect damage?
a. Annoyance
b. Miyasis
c. Disorientation
d. Vectors of plants/animal diseases
Disorientation
not typically caused by
insects.
associated with abiotic
factors such as
environmental stressors,
including extreme
temperatures, inadequate
light, or chemical
imbalances in the soil.
Miyasis, or myiasis,
is a condition caused by the
infestation of tissues or
organs of animals or humans
by fly larvae (maggots).

It is indeed a direct result of

insect activity, particularly
the parasitic behavior of
certain fly species.
Annoyance
• emotional response to the
presence of certain insects. It is
a subjective human experience
and not a direct consequence of
physical or biological impacts
caused by insects.
• insects can be a source of
annoyance for humans due to
their buzzing, biting, or presence
in living spaces,
25. Trichogramma and Telenomus both
parasitize this stage of rice stem borers:
a. larva
b. adult
c. egg and larva
d. egg
25. Trichogramma and Telenomus both
parasitize this stage of rice stem borers:
a. larva
b. adult
c. egg and larva
d. egg
Trichogramma and
Telenomus are types
of parasitic WASPS
that are commonly
used in biological
control
Parasitoid wasp
- Insects' parasitoid
the larva.
- lay eggs in the
caterpillars
26. Process by which insect
accommodate growth
a. Stretching of skin
b. Ecdysis
c. Metamorphosis
d. Miyasis
26. Process by which insect
accommodate growth
a. Stretching of skin
b. Ecdysis
c. Metamorphosis
d. Miyasis
Stretching of skin: While stretching of skin
does occur in some animals, it is not the
primary process by which insects
accommodate growth.
Metamorphosis- transformation from an
immature form to an adult form in insects.
Miyasis- must be Myiasis- infection with a fly
larva
27. Physical method of controlling stored
product pests by altering the natural air
a. Fumigation
b. Modified atmosphere
c. Fogging
d. Aerosols
27. Physical method of controlling stored
product pests by altering the natural air
a. Fumigation
b. Modified atmosphere
c. Fogging
d. Aerosols
Fumigation- use of toxic gases in an enclosed space to eliminate pests.
Modified atmosphere- reducing oxygen levels and increasing carbon
dioxide levels, it creates an environment unsuitable for pest survival. This
method is advantageous as it does not involve the use of chemicals,
making it safer for the environment and the products themselves.
Fogging- release of a fine mist of insecticides or pesticides to control
stored product pests.
Aerosols- pressurized containers that release a fine spray of chemicals,
typically used for quick and targeted pest control, not be suitable for
controlling pests in larger storage areas.
28. All of these are considered
morphological characteristics in insect
classification, except:
a. wing veins
b. chitin
c. type of antennae
d. type of mouthparts
28. All of these are considered
morphological characteristics in insect
classification, except:
a. wing veins
b. chitin
c. type of antennae
d. type of mouthparts
Wing veins-
contain hemolymph (insect
blood), tracheae, and
nerves.
Continuous flow of
hemolymph within insect
wings ensures that sensory
hairs, structural elements
such as resilin, and other
living tissue within the
wings remain functional.
Chitin-
Is an structural component in the
exoskeleton of insects and various
other arthropods. It provides rigidity
and protection to the insect's body,
while also allowing for flexibility and
movement.
three surface morphologies,
(1) hard and rough surface without
pores or nanofibers,
(2) surface solely composed of
nanofibers
(3) surfaces with both pores and
nanofibers.
Morphology of chitin fibres: optical microscope images
29. Discovered the microscope
a. Robert Hooke
b. Louis Pasteur
c. H. Robert Kock
d. Anton de Bary
29. Discovered the microscope
a. Robert Hooke
b. Louis Pasteur
c. H. Robert Kock
d. Anton de Bary
• improved the design
of the existing
compound
microscope in 1665.
• used three lenses and
a stage light, which
illuminated and
enlarged the
specimens.
30. The causal agent of potato leaf
blight which was responsible for the
great Irish famine of 1845.
a. Phytopthora palmivora
b. Phytopthora parasita
c. Phytopthora colocasiae
d. Phytopthora infestans
30. The causal agent of potato leaf
blight which was responsible for the
great Irish famine of 1845.
a. Phytopthora palmivora
b. Phytopthora parasita
c. Phytopthora colocasiae
d. Phytopthora infestans
Phytophthora palmivora
▪ bud rot
▪ considered a fungus
▪ more like certain algae
and has been moved
from the kingdom
Fungi to Chromista.
Phytophthora parasitica
▪ fruit rot
▪ called the "water
molds" because they
may be distributed by
water
▪ Cause by fungi
Phytophthora colocasiae
▪ taro leaf blight
▪ Cause by fungi
▪ slender
sporangiophores
31. Author of the “Rules of Proof
of Pathogenecity”
a. Robert Hooke
b. Louis Pasteur
c. H. Robert Koch
d. Anton de Bary
31. Author of the “Rules of Proof
of Pathogenecity”
a. Robert Hooke
b. Louis Pasteur
c. H. Robert Koch
d. Anton de Bary
RULES OF PROOF OF PATHOGENECITY
(Koch’s Postulates)
a. Microorganism must be found in diseased but not healthy
individuals.
b. The microorganism must be cultured from the diseased
individual.
c. Inoculation of a healthy individual with the cultured
microorganism must recapitulated the disease.
d. The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated,
diseased individual and matched to the original microorganism.
32.Which of the following are
filamentous bacteria?
a. streptomyces
b. bacillus
c. clostridium
d. erwinia
32. Which of the following are
filamentous bacteria?
a. streptomyces – gram positive bacteria
b. bacillus- gram-positive bacteria
c. clostridium- gram-positive
d. erwinia- gram-negative
FILAMENTOUS
- those whose cells are not
separated following cell
division and so tend to grow
in the form of 'filaments’.
- spore-forming bacteria
that possess the capability
to develop into long
filaments.
Ex. Streptomyces
33. A principle of plant disease control
that is intended to eliminate, inhibit or kill the
pathogens that become established within
the plant in the area is:
a. immunization
b. exclusion
c. eradication
d. protection
33. A principle of plant disease control
that is intended to eliminate, inhibit or kill the
pathogens that become established within
the plant in the area is:
a. immunization
b. exclusion
c. eradication
d. protection
34. Earliest recorded account of locust
swarm in the Philippines
a. Palawan
b. Panay
c. Laguna
d. Batangas
34. Earliest recorded account of locust
swarm in the Philippines
a. Palawan
b. Panay
c. Laguna
d. Batangas
a. Palawan-
- Two new species of crickets
(Rhicnogryllus) and one species of
a katydid (Neophisis/Indophisis
species).
- three insects were discovered in
2018 and 2019 at a 3,000-
hectare property of UP spanning
the towns of Kalayaan, Paete and
Pakil in Laguna.
d. Batangas-
• outbreak of the coconut scale
insect, commonly known as
cocolisap.
• towns affected by the scale
insect infestation are Tanauan,
Calaca, Lemery, Sto. Tomas,
Malvar, Agoncillo, Talisay,
Laurel, and Balete. The average
infestation rate in these areas is
placed at 31.25 percent.
• affected more than 2.6 million
nut-bearing coconut trees
35. The Department of Entomology
established with the UPCA and was
first headed by
a. E.M. Ledyard
b. C. Ludlow
c. D.D. Mackle
d. C.R. Jones
35. The Department of Entomology
established with the UPCA and was
first headed by
a. E.M. Ledyard
b. C. Ludlow
c. D.D. Mackle
d. C.R. Jones
HISTORY OF
ENTOMOLOGY

1909- Department of Entomology

- established at the U.P. College of

Agriculture,
- E. M. Ledyard as its first head
- Bureau of Agriculture and conducted
tests on arsenical sprays for plant pest
control.
HISTORY OF
ENTOMOLOGY
5 HISTORICAL PERIODS

1904- C. Ludlow

- published the first extensive work on

mosquitoes of the Philippines, contributing
to our understanding of these disease-
carrying insects.
HISTORY OF
ENTOMOLOGY
5 HISTORICAL PERIODS

1910- C.R. Jones

- the Entomology section of the Bureau of

Agriculture was organized, with the Plant
Industry Division headed first by C. R.
Jones and later succeeded by D. B.
Mackie.
36. An insect mouthpart responsible for
grinding and chewing solid food.
a. Mandibles
b. Tarsal claws
c. Maxilla
d. Labrum
e. Labium
f. Labial pulp
36. An insect mouthpart responsible for
grinding and chewing solid food.
a. Mandibles
b. Tarsal claws
c. Maxilla
d. Labrum
e. Labium
f. Labial pulp
Mandibles
• referred to as simply
'jaws
• used for gripping,
biting and cutting
• head of a social wasp
showing the
mandibles.
Tarsal Claws
responsible for clasping
onto rougher surfaces.

tarsomeres allow the

tarsal claw to move
through many different
angles assisting in grip.
Maxilla
• act like pincers.
• used to hold and
manipulate food
• usually end in a sharp
point
Labrum
• an insect's upper lip.
• flattened piece of
cuticle
• base of the insect's
"face"
Labium
• grasping,
manipulating, and
retaining food.
• positioned towards
the back of the head
Labial pulp
• aid sensory function
in eating.
• more complex than
that of the other
jaws
37. Which among the following
orders have social habits
a. Odonata
b. Coleopteran
c. Lepidoptera
d. Hymenoptera
37. Which among the following
orders have social habits
a. Odonata
b. Coleopteran
c. Lepidoptera
d. Hymenoptera
38. The breathing organ of insect is
a. Tympanum
b. Circus
c. Ecdysis
d. Spiracles
38. The breathing organ of insect is
a. Tympanum
b. Circus
c. Ecdysis
d. Spiracles
39. Majority of stored product pests
belong to the order
a. Mallophaga
b. Coleoptera
c. Diptera
d. Odonata
39. Majority of stored product pests
belong to the order
a. Mallophaga
b. Coleoptera
c. Diptera
d. Odonata
40. Which among these is not a
virus disease of rice?
a. yellow dwarf
b. grassy stunt
c. rice blast
d. tungro
40. Which among these is not a
virus disease of rice?
a. yellow dwarf
b. grassy stunt
c. rice blast
d. tungro
41. One of the mode of action of
insecticides?
a. Strangulations
b. Decapitation
c. Neurotoxicant
d. Scratching
41. One of the mode of action of
insecticides?
a. Strangulations
b. Decapitation
c. Neurotoxicant
d. Scratching
▪ Insecticides are chemicals used to control and
eliminate insect pests.
▪ They can have various modes of action, such as
targeting the nervous system, digestive system, or
other physiological processes in insects.
▪ Neurotoxicants are a common mode of action for
many insecticides, as they disrupt the normal
functioning of the insect's nervous system, leading
to paralysis and ultimately death.
42. Ability of insects to survive after
long exposure to insecticides
a. Development of immunity
b. Development of resistance
c. Development of thick integument
d. Escaping after contact with
insecticide spray
42. Ability of insects to survive after
long exposure to insecticides
a. Development of immunity
b. Development of resistance
c. Development of thick integument
d. Escaping after contact with
insecticide spray
43. "Tungro" disease of rice is caused
by:
a. fungi
b. nematode
c. virus
d. bacteria
43. "Tungro" disease of rice is
caused by:
a. fungi
b. nematode
c. virus
d. bacteria
44. The plumose type of antenna is
possessed by :
a. houseflies
b. termites
c. mosquitoes
d. grasshoppers
44. The plumose type of antenna is
possessed by :
a. houseflies
b. termites
c. mosquitoes
d. grasshoppers
45. First Filipino to describe
Philippine insect
a. Cendana c. Umali
b. Uichanco d. Manalang
45. First Filipino to describe
Philippine insect
a. Cendana c. Umali
b. Uichanco d. Manalang
46. First Filipino trained in
biological control of insects
a. Cendana c. Capco
b. Uichanco d. Gabriel
46. First Filipino trained in
biological control of insects
a. Cendana c. Capco
b. Uichanco d. Gabriel
47. Proposed “The Sun Spot
Cycle Theory” in relation to locust
outbreaks
a. Cendana c. Capco
b. Uichanco d. Ela
47. Proposed “The Sun Spot
Cycle Theory” in relation to locust
outbreaks
a. Cendana c. Capco
b. Uichanco d. Ela
48. All of the following EXCEPT one,
are considered infectious plant diseases;
a. mosaic
b. bunchy top
c. tungro
d. nutrient deficiency
48. All of the following EXCEPT one,
are considered infectious plant diseases;
a. mosaic
b. bunchy top
c. tungro
d. nutrient deficiency
49. Not a wall less prokaryote
a. Mollicutes
b. Phytoplasma
c. Spiroplasma
d. Plasmodiophora
49. Not a wall less prokaryote
a. Mollicutes
b. Phytoplasma
c. Spiroplasma
d. Plasmodiophora
a. Mollicutes: These are bacteria that lack a cell wall and are among the smallest
known prokaryotes. They include important pathogens such as Mycoplasma.

b. Phytoplasma: These are cell wall-less bacteria that are associated with various
plant diseases, often transmitted by insect vectors. They are responsible for
diseases like aster yellows and citrus greening.

c. Spiroplasma: Spiroplasmas are helical, cell wall-less bacteria that can cause plant
diseases. They are known for their helical morphology and are related to the
mycoplasmas.

d. Plasmodiophora: Plasmodiophora is not a wall-less prokaryote. It is a genus of soil-

borne plant pathogens, specifically a type of protist, responsible for causing clubroot
disease in plants, such as cruciferous vegetables.
50. Not an abiotic agent or plant
disease
a. Nutrient excesses
b. Improper use of pesticide and plant
growth regulator
c. Toxic plant residues in soil
d. Algae
50. Not an abiotic agent or plant
disease
a. Nutrient excesses
b. Improper use of pesticide and plant
growth regulator
c. Toxic plant residues in soil
d. Algae
51. Concept of pathogen
a. Infections
b. Parasitic
c. Biotic
d. All of the above
51. Concept of pathogen
a. Infections
b. Parasitic
c. Biotic
d. All of the above
52. This stage of the fruitfly is
subjected to irradiation in the sterile
wale technique of fruitfly control:
a. egg
b. adult
c. all stages
d. pupa
52. This stage of the fruitfly is
subjected to irradiation in the sterile
wale technique of fruitfly control:
a. egg
b. adult
c. all stages
d. pupa
53. Not a character of a facultative
pathogen
a. Parasite
b. May grow in plant residues
c. Grow on potato dextrose agar
d. Attack human beings
53. Not a character of a facultative
pathogen
a. Parasite
b. May grow in plant residues
c. Grow on potato dextrose agar
d. Attack human beings
▪ The term "facultative pathogen" typically refers to
an organism that can exist in either a pathogenic or
non-pathogenic state. This means it can cause
disease under certain conditions but can also live
and grow without causing harm in a host.

▪ A facultative pathogen may not necessarily attack

human beings, as it could be a plant pathogen or a
pathogen that affects other organisms.
54. Not a symptom of plant disease
a. Hyphae
b. Leaf spot
c. Root galls
d. Reduce yield
54. Not a symptom of plant disease
a. Hyphae
b. Leaf spot
c. Root galls
d. Reduce yield
55. Not a sign of plant disease
a. Bacterial cells
b. Giant cells induced by
nematodes
c. Protozoan cells
d. Nematode eggs
55. Not a sign of plant disease
a. Bacterial cells
b. Giant cells induced by
nematodes
c. Protozoan cells
d. Nematode eggs
▪ Protozoan cells are not typically associated
with plant diseases, as they are mostly
known to affect animals.
▪ Bacterial cells, giant cells induced by
nematodes, and nematode eggs are all
signs that can be associated with various
types of plant diseases caused by bacteria,
nematodes, and other pathogens.
56. Not a sign of fungal or fungal-
like pathogens
a. Hyphae c. Sclerotia
b. Conidia d. Galls
56. Not a sign of fungal or fungal-
like pathogens
a. Hyphae c. Sclerotia
b. Conidia d. Galls
57. A plant disease that appears as
black, sunken leaf, stem or fruit lesions
caused by fungus is called _____________.
a. blotch
b. anthracnose
c. blight
d. canker
57. A plant disease that appears as
black, sunken leaf, stem or fruit lesions
caused by fungus is called _____________.
a. blotch
b. anthracnose
c. blight
d. canker
58. Not a prokaryotes
a. Streptomyces
b. Plasmodiophoromycetes
c. Spiroplasma
d. Phytoplasma
58. Not a prokaryotes
a. Streptomyces
b. Plasmodiophoromycetes
c. Spiroplasma
d. Phytoplasma
▪ Plasmodiophoromycetes are
a class of fungus-like protists
that are not classified as
prokaryotes.
▪ They are characterized by
their ability to produce
plasmodia, which are
multinucleate masses of
protoplasm.
59. May be colonized by plant
pathogenic bacteria
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Intercellular spaces
d. All of the above
59. May be colonized by plant
pathogenic bacteria
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
c. Intercellular spaces
d. All of the above
60. Not a characteristics of plant
viruses
a. Obligate
b. Nucleoprotein
c. Inhabit intercellular spaces
d. Transmissible
60. Not a characteristics of plant
viruses
a. Obligate
b. Nucleoprotein
c. Inhabit intercellular spaces
d. Transmissible
61. The only component of plant
viroids.
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. Protein
d. All of the above
61. The only component of plant
viroids.
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. Protein
d. All of the above
62. Caused by a plant viroid
a. Cadang-cadang disease of
coconut
b. Tobacco mosaic
c. Peanut mottle
d. Citrus decline
62. Caused by a plant viroid
a. Cadang-cadang disease of
coconut
b. Tobacco mosaic
c. Peanut mottle
d. Citrus decline
63. Not a morphological shape of
plant viruses
a. Rigid rods
b. Branched filamentous
c. Bacilliform or bullet-shaped
d. Spheres in chains
63. Not a morphological shape of
plant viruses
a. Rigid rods
b. Branched filamentous
c. Bacilliform or bullet-shaped
d. Spheres in chains
a. Rigid rods: This refers to the shape of certain plant viruses,
which appear as straight, elongated structures.

b. Branched filamentous: Some plant viruses possess a

filamentous structure that may appear branched.

c. Bacilliform or bullet-shaped: Certain plant viruses exhibit a

shape that resembles a bacillus or a bullet.

d. Spheres in chains- associated with Streptococcus

pneumoniae, a bacterium that can cause various diseases,
including pneumonia, meningitis, and other infections
64. Which of the following are the bacterial
surface appendage that is responsible for
motility?
a. cilia
b. fimbriae
c. pili
d. flagella
64. Which of the following are the bacterial
surface appendage that is responsible for
motility?
a. cilia
b. fimbriae
c. pili
d. flagella
65. Plant virus symptoms
a. Moderate to severe dwarfing
b. Leaf deformities
c. Flower variegation
d. All of the above
65. Plant virus symptoms
a. Moderate to severe dwarfing
b. Leaf deformities
c. Flower variegation
d. All of the above
66. Not a type of plant viruses according to
persistence in their insect vector
a. Non persistent
b. Invasive viruses
c. Circulative viruses
d. Propagative viruses
66. Not a type of plant viruses according to
persistence in their insect vector
a. Non persistent
b. Invasive viruses
c. Circulative viruses
d. Propagative viruses
a. Non-persistent viruses: These viruses are not retained for long periods in
the insect vector and are usually acquired and transmitted within a short
time frame, often within seconds to minutes.

b. Invasive viruses: This term is not commonly used to classify plant viruses
based on their persistence in insect vectors.

c. Circulative viruses: These viruses are taken up from an infected plant and
circulate within the insect's body for a limited period, allowing for
transmission to a new plant during subsequent feeding.

d. Propagative viruses: These viruses replicate within the insect vector, and
the insect remains infectious throughout its lifespan.
67. The author of the milestones of
Philippine Entomology is
a. Antonio S. Sedeno
b. Julio C. Martinez
c. Emiliana N. Bernardo
d. Bernardo P. Gabriel
67. The author of the milestones of
Philippine Entomology is
a. Antonio S. Sedeno
b. Julio C. Martinez
c. Emiliana N. Bernardo
d. Bernardo P. Gabriel
68. An airplane was utilized in the control
of migratory locust in 1925 here in the
Philippines
a. False
b. True
c. Maybe
d. I don’t know
68. An airplane was utilized in the control
of migratory locust in 1925 here in the
Philippines
a. False
b. True
c. Maybe
d. I don’t know
69. The 1st monographic treatment of
Philippine mosquitoes by Delfinado in 1966
include all genera except
a. Malaria
b. Anopheles
c. Aedes
d. Culex
69. The 1st monographic treatment of
Philippine mosquitoes by Delfinado in 1966
include all genera except
a. Malaria
b. Anopheles
c. Aedes
d. Culex
• The 1st monographic treatment of
Philippine mosquitoes by Delfinado in 1966
included all genera except Malaria.
• Malaria is not a genus of mosquito; rather, it
is a disease caused by the Plasmodium
parasite, which is transmitted to humans
through the bite of infected Anopheles
mosquitoes.
70. The term used for the
specialization of body parts as in
segmentation is known as tagmosis
a. True
b. No
c. Maybe
d. I don’t know
70. The term used for the
specialization of body parts as in
segmentation is known as tagmosis
a. True
b. No
c. Maybe
d. I don’t know
71. When the mouthparts in piercing
sucking insects, this is known as
a. Prognathous
b. Hypognathous
c. Opisthognathous
d. Agnathous
71. When the mouthparts in piercing
sucking insects, this is known as
a. Prognathous
b. Hypognathous
c. Opisthognathous
d. Agnathous
72. The lateral sides of the middle
segment of the insect thorax is known as
a. Mesosternum
b. Pleuron
c. Mesonotum
d. Mesopleuron
72. The lateral sides of the middle
segment of the insect thorax is known as
a. Mesosternum
b. Pleuron
c. Mesonotum
d. Mesopleuron
73. The ventral portion of the
thorax and abdomen is known as
a. Sternum
b. Sternites
c. Sternopleuron
d. Pleurites
73. The ventral portion of the
thorax and abdomen is known as
a. Sternum
b. Sternites
c. Sternopleuron
d. Pleurites
74. Which of the following is the most
efficient agent of weed dissemination?
a. floodwater
b. farm animals
c. human
d. wind
74. Which of the following is the most
efficient agent of weed dissemination?
a. floodwater
b. farm animals
c. human
d. wind
75. The destructive stage of moths
is called:
a. adults
b. nymphs
c. borers
d. larvae
75. The destructive stage of moths
is called:
a. adults
b. nymphs
c. borers
d. larvae
LARVAE
 has a different
appearance to the
adult and may possess
bodily organs that the
adult insect does not
possess
 2nd stage of
development of
Complete
metamorphosis
Types of Larvae
1. OLIGOPOD
Thoracic legs are well developed.
Abdominal legs are absent.

Subtypes
a. Campodeiform- Body is elongate
Example: (Dipluran, grub of antlion or grub
of ladybird beetle)
b. Scarabaeform- Body is C shaped
Example: (Grub of rhinoceros beetle)
Types of Larvae

2. POLYPOD/
ERUCIFORM-
elongate trunk with large
sclerotized head capsule. Head
bears a pair of powerful
mandibles . Abdominal
segments bear prolegs

Example: Larvae of moths and

butterflies
Types of
Polypod
Larvae
1. Hairy Caterpillar
body hairs may be
dense, sparse or
arranged in tufts. Hairs
may cause irritation,
when touched.
Ex. Red hairy caterpillar.
Types of
Polypod
Larvae
2. Slug Caterpillar
- Larva is thick, short,
stout and fleshy.
- Abdominal legs are
absent.
- Larva has poisonous
spines called scoli
distributed all over the
body. Such larva is also
called platyform larva.
Types of
Polypod
Larvae
3. Semilooper
- three or four pairs of
prolegs are present.
- Prolegs are either
wanting or
rudimentary.
Example: Castor
semilooper
Types of
Polypod
Larvae
3. Looper
- They are also called
measuring worm or
earth measurer or
inch worm.
- only two pairs of
prolegs are present
in sixth and tenth
- Example: Cabbage
looper
Types of Larvae

3. APODOUS- larvae
without appendages
for locomotion.

Eruciform
Types of
Apodous Larvae

1. Eucepalous
- Larva with well developed
head capsule with
functional mandibles,
maxillae, stemmata and
antennae.
- Example: Grub of red palm
weevil, wriggler (larva of
mosquito)
Types of
Apodous Larvae

2. Hemicephalous
- Head capsule is reduced
and can be withdrawn into
thorax. Mandibles act
vertically.
- ex. Larva of horse fly and
robber fly.
Types of
Apodous
Larvae
2. Acephalous
- Head capsule is
absent. Mouthparts
consist of a pair of
protrusible curved
mouth hooks and
associated internal
sclerites. They are
also called
vermiform larvae.
- ex. Maggot (larva of
house fly)
76. The decay of seeds in the soil
before seeding emergence is called:
a. seed rot
b. seed decay
c. damping-off
d. rat
76. The decay of seeds in the soil
before seeding emergence is called:
a. seed rot
b. seed decay
c. damping-off
d. rat
Seed Rot

- Caused by
Phytophtora
- seeds are engorged
but spongy
- Foul odor or bad
smelling
Seed Decay

- Occurs when seed is

planted without
available moisture for
germination and
seedling
establishment.
- It is caused by
Penicillium, Aspergillus
and other fungi which
are present in the soil.
Damping Off

- is a disease of seedlings
caused by several
different fungi and
fungus-like organisms.
- This disease causes
emerging seedlings to
collapse, often
submerged in a mass of
white fungal growth.
- It is caused by a fungus
or mold that thrive in
cool, wet conditions.
77. What pest caused the death of one-
fourth of the population during the reign of Marcus
Aurelius and his son Commodus in Rome?
a. mosquitoes that cause malaria
b. rats that cause plaque
c. cockroaches that caused stomach
disorders and vomiting and dehydration
d. plies that cause cholera
77. What pest caused the death of one-
fourth of the population during the reign of Marcus
Aurelius and his son Commodus in Rome?
a. mosquitoes that cause malaria
b. rats that cause plaque
c. cockroaches that caused stomach
disorders and vomiting and dehydration
d. plies that cause cholera
PLAGUE

 Disease cause by the

bacteria Yersinia pestis,
which is found in animals,
particularly rodents.
 Also known as “the Black
Death”
 Transmitted to humans
through infected animals
and fleas
78. For trap cropping it is best to use
varieties that are ___________suscept to a
particular insect pest
a. relatively resistant
b. resistant
c. most
d. moderately
78. For trap cropping it is best to use
varieties that are ___________suscept to a
particular insect pest
a. relatively resistant
b. resistant
c. most
d. moderately
For trap cropping, it is best to use varieties that are most
susceptible to a particular insect pest.
• Trap cropping, the objective is to attract pests away
from the main crop, thereby protecting it from
significant damage.
• To effectively lure the insects, it is ideal to employ
varieties that are highly attractive and vulnerable to the
specific pest.
• By choosing the most susceptible varieties, the trap
crop becomes highly appealing to the pests, effectively
drawing them away from the primary crops.
79. The part of the mouthparts without
a palpus
a. Labium
b. Maxilla
c. Mandibles
d. None of the above
79. The part of the mouthparts without
a palpus
a. Labium
b. Maxilla
c. Mandibles
d. None of the above
80. The penis of insects for copulation is
otherwise known as.
a. Jugum
b. Costa
c. Anal
d. Aedeagus
80. The penis of insects for copulation
is otherwise known as.
a. Jugum
b. Costa
c. Anal
d. Aedeagus
Aedeagus in damselfy is
spiny and shaped so that it
can be used to remove sperm
from previous matings from
within the female damselfly.
81. The type of metamorphosis for
exopterygotes is
a. Holometabola
b. Paurometabola
c. Ametabola
d. None of the above
81. The type of metamorphosis for
exopterygotes is
a. Holometabola
b. Paurometabola
c. Ametabola
d. None of the above
Exopterygotes
the development of the
wings outside the body
without going through a
true pupal stage.
Endopterygotes
develop wings inside the
body and undergo an
elaborate
metamorphosis involving
a pupal stage.
82. Not a method of plant virus diseases
diagnosis
a. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent
assay
b. Use of indicator plants
c. Culture of nutrient media
d. Serology
82. Not a method of plant virus diseases
diagnosis
a. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent
assay
b. Use of indicator plants
c. Culture of nutrient media
d. Serology
83. Not a taxon of plant parasitic
nematodes
a. Kingdom: Protozoa
b. Class: Nematoda
c. Order: Tylenchida
d. Genus Meliodogyne
83. Not a taxon of plant parasitic
nematodes
a. Kingdom: Protozoa
b. Class: Nematoda
c. Order: Tylenchida
d. Genus Meliodogyne
84. Not a character of plant parasitic
nematodes
a. Obligate parasites
b. Feed on fungi, bacteria
c. Majority are eel-shaped or
worm-like
d. Possess stylet
84. Not a character of plant parasitic
nematodes
a. Obligate parasites
b. Feed on fungi, bacteria
c. Majority are eel-shaped or
worm-like
d. Possess stylet
85. Not a characteristics of a root-
feeding nematode
a. Feed on roots, bulbs, and rhizome
b. Possess stylet
c. Cause of death of plants, as a
typical symptom
d. Prefer sandy soil texture
85. Not a characteristics of a root-
feeding nematode
a. Feed on roots, bulbs, and rhizome
b. Possess stylet
c. Cause of death of plants, as a
typical symptom
d. Prefer sandy soil texture
86. Not a kind or type of root
feeding nematodes
a. Endoparasites
b. Ectoparasites
c.Semi-ecto/semi-endoparasites
d. Necrotrophic parasite
86. Not a kind or type of root
feeding nematodes
a. Endoparasites
b. Ectoparasites
c.Semi-ecto/semi-endoparasites
d. Necrotrophic parasite
87. Number of molting in plant
parasitic nematode.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
87. Number of molting in plant
parasitic nematode.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
88. Infective stage of root knot
nematode
a. First stage juveniles
b. Second stage juveniles
c. Third stage juveniles
d. Fourth stage juveniles
88. Infective stage of root knot
nematode
a. First stage juveniles
b. Second stage juveniles
c. Third stage juveniles
d. Fourth stage juveniles
89. Causes root galls on tomatoes
and other crops
a. Meloidogyne incognita
b. Radopholus similes
c. Globodera pallida
d. Criconomoides sp.
89. Causes root galls on tomatoes
and other crops
a. Meloidogyne incognita
b. Radopholus similes
c. Globodera pallida
d. Criconomoides sp.
90. Called the burrowing nematode and
caused the “toppling disease of bananas”
a. Meloidogyne incognita
b. Radopholus similes
c. Globodera pallida
d. Criconomoides sp.
90. Called the burrowing nematode and
caused the “toppling disease of bananas”
a. Meloidogyne incognita
b. Radopholus similes
c. Globodera pallida
d. Criconomoides sp.
91. Called the Golden Cyst
nematode of Irish potato
a. Meloidogyne incognita
b. Globodera pallida
c. Radopholus similes
d. Criconomoides sp.
91. Called the Golden Cyst
nematode of Irish potato
a. Meloidogyne incognita
b. Globodera pallida
c. Radopholus similes
d. Criconomoides sp.
92. Not a typical nematode disease
symptoms
a. Chlorosis
b. Wilting during hot part of the day
c. Reduction in the root system and
root gall
d. Leaf mosaic
92. Not a typical nematode disease
symptoms
a. Chlorosis
b. Wilting during hot part of the day
c. Reduction in the root system and
root gall
d. Leaf mosaic
93. Not a method of isolating plant
parasitic soil nematodes
a. Baermann funnel technique
b. Sieving method
c. Centrifugal flotation method
d. Trapping technique
93. Not a method of isolating plant
parasitic soil nematodes
a. Baermann funnel technique
b. Sieving method
c. Centrifugal flotation method
d. Trapping technique
94. Not a fungi
a. Rusts
b. Smuts
c. Mushrooms
d. Algae
94. Not a fungi
a. Rusts
b. Smuts
c. Mushrooms
d. Algae
95. Storing grains at low moisture
content is an effective method in controlling
stored grain insects is what type of insect
control?
a. biological
b. physical
c. mechanical
d. cultural
95. Storing grains at low moisture
content is an effective method in controlling
stored grain insects is what type of insect
control?
a. biological
b. physical
c. mechanical
d. cultural
96. Excess of nutrient elements in the
soil may:
a. affect the availability and solubility of
other elements
b. all of these
c. produce plants that are very luxuriant
d. increase the susceptibility of the plants
to some pathogens
96. Excess of nutrient elements in the
soil may:
a. affect the availability and solubility of
other elements
b. all of these
c. produce plants that are very luxuriant
d. increase the susceptibility of the plants
to some pathogens
97. Causes rice blast
a. Peronosclerospora philippinensis
b. Hemeleia vastatrix
c. Magnaporthe grisea
d. Colletotrichum glocosporoides
97. Causes rice blast
a. Peronosclerospora
philippinensis
b. Hemeleia vastatrix
c. Magnaporthe grisea
d. Colletotrichum glocosporoides
98. Causes mango anthracnose
a. Peronosclerospora
philippinensis
b. Hemeleia vastatrix
c. Magnaporthe grisea
d. Colletotrichum glocosporoides
98. Causes mango anthracnose
a. Peronosclerospora
philippinensis
b. Hemeleia vastatrix
c. Magnaporthe grisea
d. Colletotrichum glocosporoides
99. Mulching is one cultural method
of controlling this pest:
a. fungi
b. nematodes
c. weeds
d. bacteria
99. Mulching is one cultural method
of controlling this pest:
a. fungi
b. nematodes
c. weeds
d. bacteria
100. Not a characteristic of true fungi
a. Eukaryotic
b. No chlorophyll
c. Cell wall composition is
cellulose
d. Majority non-motile; some
have motile reproductive cell
100. Not a characteristic of true fungi
a. Eukaryotic
b. No chlorophyll
c. Cell wall composition is
cellulose
d. Majority non-motile; some
have motile reproductive cell
101. May be a part of a germinating
conidium of a pathogenic fungus
a. Germ tube
b. Appresorium
c. Infection peg
d. All of the above
101. May be a part of a germinating
conidium of a pathogenic fungus
a. Germ tube
b. Appresorium
c. Infection peg
d. All of the above
102. Nephotettix virescens belong to
the suborder
a. Hemiptera
b. Heteroptera
c. Homoptera
d. Phthiraptera
102. Nephotettix virescens belong to
the suborder
a. Hemiptera
b. Heteroptera
c. Homoptera
d. Phthiraptera
103. All hexapodans have 6 legs
a. Yes
b. No
c. Probably
d. Not sure
103. All hexapodans have 6 legs
a. Yes
b. No
c. Probably
d. Not sure
104. The thrips belong to this order
a. Embiina
b. Megaloptera
c. Trichoptera
d. Thysanoptera
104. The thrips belong to this order
a. Embiina
b. Megaloptera
c. Trichoptera
d. Thysanoptera
105. Human louse’s life cycle is
a. Paurometabola
b. Hemimetabola
c. Ametabola
d. Holometabola
105. Human louse’s life cycle is
a. Paurometabola
b. Hemimetabola
c. Ametabola
d. Holometabola
106. Naiad is a part of this
metamorphosis
a. Ametabola
b. Hemimetabola
c. Paurometabola
d. Holometabola
106. Naiad is a part of this
metamorphosis
a. Ametabola
b. Hemimetabola
c. Paurometabola
d. Holometabola
107. Nymph is a part of this
metamorphosis
a. Ametabola
b. Hemimetabola
c. Paurometabola
d. Holometabola
107. Nymph is a part of this
metamorphosis
a. Ametabola
b. Hemimetabola
c. Paurometabola
d. Holometabola
108. What do you call the major
storage organ of cellulose in termites?
a. midgut
b. malpighian tubules
c. rectum
d. crop
108. What do you call the major
storage organ of cellulose in termites?
a. midgut
b. malpighian tubules
c. rectum
d. crop
109. Spermatheca and ootheca is found
in the male’s insect’s reproductive system
a. No
b. Yes
c. Probably
d. Not sure
109. Spermatheca and ootheca is found
in the male’s insect’s reproductive system
a. No
b. Yes
c. Probably
d. Not sure
110. Termites formerly belong to this
insect order
a. Phasmatodea
b. Isoptera
c. Orthoptera
d. Blattodea
110. Termites formerly belong to this
insect order
a. Phasmatodea
b. Isoptera
c. Orthoptera
d. Blattodea
111. Houseflies and mosquitoes are
a. Strepsipterans
b. Dipterans
c. Neuropterans
d. Coleopterans
111. Houseflies and mosquitoes are
a. Strepsipterans
b. Dipterans
c. Neuropterans
d. Coleopterans
112. This wing type belongs to
Neuroptera and Odonata
a. Membranous
b. Elytron
c. Hemyletron
d. Tegmen
112. This wing type belongs to
Neuroptera and Odonata
a. Membranous
b. Elytron
c. Hemyletron
d. Tegmen
113. The type of metamorphosis for
exopterygotes can be as follows except
a. Holometabola
b. Paurometabola
c. Hemimetabola
d. None of the above
113. The type of metamorphosis for
exopterygotes can be as follows except
a. Holometabola
b. Paurometabola
c. Hemimetabola
d. None of the above
114. Colonization of plant tissues by
hyphae could be
a. Intercellular
b. Intracellular
c. Inter- and intracellular
d. All of the above
114. Colonization of plant tissues by
hyphae could be
a. Intercellular
b. Intracellular
c. Inter- and intracellular
d. All of the above
115. Not a sexual process in fungi
a. Paleontology
b. Plasmogamy
c. Karyogamy
d. Meiosis
115. Not a sexual process in fungi
a. Paleontology
b. Plasmogamy
c. Karyogamy
d. Meiosis
116. Not a sexual spore of fungi or
fungal-like organisms
a. Ascospore
b. Zygospore
c. Basidiospore
d. Meiospore
116. Not a sexual spore of fungi or
fungal-like organisms
a. Ascospore
b. Zygospore
c. Basidiospore
d. Meiospore
117. Not a type of nutritional
relationship of plant pathogenic fungi with
their hosts
a. Commensal pathogen
b. Necrotrophic parasite
c. Invasive parasite
d. Biotrophic parasite
117. Not a type of nutritional
relationship of plant pathogenic fungi with
their hosts
a. Commensal pathogen
b. Necrotrophic parasite
c. Invasive parasite
d. Biotrophic parasite
118. Not part of Kock’s Rule of Postulate
of Proof of Pathogenicity
a. Establish constant association of pathogen
with disease
b. Survey for alternate host plants
c. Isolate and grow pathogen into pure culture
d. Inoculate pure culture of pathogen on healthy
host
118. Not part of Kock’s Rule of Postulate
of Proof of Pathogenicity
a. Establish constant association of
pathogen with disease
b. Survey for alternate host plants
c. Isolate and grow pathogen into pure
culture
d. Inoculate pure culture of pathogen on
healthy host
119. "Burning" of leaf margin as a
result of infection or unfavorable
conditions:
A. blight
B. necrosis
C. blotch
D. scorch
119. "Burning" of leaf margin as a
result of infection or unfavorable
conditions:
A. blight
B. necrosis
C. blotch
D. scorch
Scorch disease
symptom of plant disease
in which tissue is
“burned” because of
unfavourable conditions
or infection by bacteria or
fungi.
Blight disease
formation of lesions,
withering, and death of
parts
Blotch disease
• discolored spot or area
on a plant
• tiny purplish to reddish
spots that occur on
leaf blades and leaf
sheaths.
Necrosis disease
• browning or blackening of
areas on a plant indicative
of the death of plant cells.
• What is necrosis disease in
plant?
• Premature death of cells,
due to an injury or by
autolysis
120. In the history of crop protection of
discovery of this pesticide in 1939
marked one of the major events:
a. copper fungicide
b. chloride
c. DDT
d. diledrin
120. In the history of crop protection of
discovery of this pesticide in 1939
marked one of the major events:
a. copper fungicide
b. chloride
c. DDT
d. diledrin
121. The plumose type of antenna is
possessed by :
A. houseflies
B. termites
C. mosquitoes
D. grasshoppers
121. The plumose type of antenna is
possessed by :
A. houseflies
B. termites
C. mosquitoes
D. grasshoppers
122. All of these weeds belong to the
grass family, EXCEPT:
a. talahib
b. takip kuhol
c. cogon
d. mutha
122. All of these weeds belong to the
grass family, EXCEPT:
a. talahib
b. takip kuhol
c. cogon
d. mutha
123. Thysanopterans have this type
of mouthparts
a. Piercing-sucking
b. Sucking
c. Rasping-sucking
d. Chewing lapping
123. Thysanopterans have this type
of mouthparts
a. Piercing-sucking
b. Sucking
c. Rasping-sucking
d. Chewing lapping
124. Houseflies have this type of
mouthparts
a. Chewing type
b. Siphoning type
c. Sponging type
d. Chewing lapping type
124. Houseflies have this type of
mouthparts
a. Chewing type
b. Siphoning type
c. Sponging type
d. Chewing lapping type
125. The last segment of the insect leg is
a. Coxa
b. Trochanter
c. Femur
d. Tibia
e. Tarsus
125. The last segment of the insect leg is
a. Coxa
b. Trochanter
c. Femur
d. Tibia
e. Tarsus
126. Legs of insects adapted for
swimming
a. Ambulatory
b. Fossorial
c. Saltatorial
d. Natatorial
126. Legs of insects adapted for
swimming
a. Ambulatory
b. Fossorial
c. Saltatorial
d. Natatorial
127. Type of legs of insects modified
for grabbing and holding prey
a. Fossorial
b. Raptorial
c. Saltatorial
d. Apedons
127. Type of legs of insects modified
for grabbing and holding prey
a. Fossorial
b. Raptorial
c. Saltatorial
d. Apedons
128. The following are non-insect
hexapods except
a. Order Archeognatha
b. Order Protura
c. Order Collembola
d. Order Diplura
128. The following are non-insect
hexapods except
a. Order Archeognatha
b. Order Protura
c. Order Collembola
d. Order Diplura
129. The newest insect order is
a. Heteroptera
b. Mallophaga
c. Mantophasmatodea
d. Anoplura
129. The newest insect order is
a. Heteroptera
b. Mallophaga
c. Mantophasmatodea
d. Anoplura
130. Cockroaches belong to this
Order
a. Orthoptera
b. Dermaptera
c. Homoptera
d. Coleoptera
130. Cockroaches belong to this
Order
a. Orthoptera
b. Dermaptera
c. Homoptera
d. Coleoptera
131. Genus of Honeybees
a. Aphis
b. Apis
c. Muscu
d. Elsinoe
131. Genus of Honeybees
a. Aphis
b. Apis
c. Muscu
d. Elsinoe
132. Transmit the grassy and rugged
stunt virus
a. Nephotettix virescens
b. Nephotettix nigropictus
c. Nilaparvata lugens
d. Nilaparvata nigropictus
132. Transmit the grassy and rugged
stunt virus
a. Nephotettix virescens
b. Nephotettix nigropictus
c. Nilaparvata lugens
d. Nilaparvata nigropictus
133. Pink stem borer
a. Chilo suppressalis
b. Scirpophaga innotata
c. Sesamia inferens
d. Scirpophaga incertulas
133. Pink stem borer
a. Chilo suppressalis
b. Scirpophaga innotata
c. Sesamia inferens
d. Scirpophaga incertulas
134. The most damaging pest of corn
a. Ostrinia furnucalis
b. Ostrinia furncalis
c. Ostrinia furnacalis
d. Ostrinia fornacalis
134. The most damaging pest of corn
a. Ostrinia furnucalis
b. Ostrinia furncalis
c. Ostrinia furnacalis
d. Ostrinia fornacalis
135. The following are pest of stored
grains except
a. Euchrysops cnejus
b. Sitophilus oryzae
c. Sitophilus zeamais
d. Corcyra cephalonica
135. The following are pest of stored
grains except
a. Euchrysops cnejus
b. Sitophilus oryzae
c. Sitophilus zeamais
d. Corcyra cephalonica
Euchrysops cnejus
▪ small butterfly that
belongs to the
lycaenids or blues
family.
136. Immatures of this insects bore into
the roots and adult scrape the epidermis of
leaves giving it a shredded appearance
a. Crocidolomia binotalis
b. Aulocophora indica
c. Epilachna philippinensis
d. Spodoptera litura
136. Immatures of this insects bore into
the roots and adult scrape the epidermis of
leaves giving it a shredded appearance
a. Crocidolomia binotalis
b. Aulocophora indica
c. Epilachna philippinensis
d. Spodoptera litura
137. Major pest of eggplant
a. Epilachna philippinensis
b. Leucinodes orbinalis
c. Dysdercus cingulatus
d. Helicoverpa armigera
137. Major pest of eggplant
a. Epilachna philippinensis
b. Leucinodes orbinalis
c. Dysdercus cingulatus
d. Helicoverpa armigera
138. Which among the following
weed species is a perennial grass?
a. Cenchrus echinatus
b. Echinochloa colona
c. Imperata cylindrica
d. Rottboellia cochinchinensis
138. Which among the following
weed species is a perennial grass?
a. Cenchrus echinatus
b. Echinochloa colona
c. Imperata cylindrica
d. Rottboellia cochinchinensis
139. Bees and wasps have this type
of mouthparts
a. Chewing type
b. Siphoning type
c. Sponging type
d. Chewing lapping type
139. Bees and wasps have this type
of mouthparts
a. Chewing type
b. Siphoning type
c. Sponging type
d. Chewing lapping type
140. These are elongated, segmented
structures of varying designs and are used
for sensory purposes
a. Ocelli
b. Tympanum
c. Thorax
d. Antennae
140. These are elongated, segmented
structures of varying designs and are used
for sensory purposes
a. Ocelli
b. Tympanum
c. Thorax
d. Antennae
141. The lowest NUMBER OF INSECT
PEST will cause economic damage
a. Economic threshold
b. Ecological niche
c. Economic injury level
d. None of the above
141. The lowest NUMBER OF INSECT
PEST will cause economic damage
a. Economic threshold
b. Ecological niche
c. Economic injury level
d. None of the above
142. The following are Gram
negative bacteria except
a. Pseudomonas
b. Xanthomonas
c. Agrobacterium
d. Corynebacterium
142. The following are Gram
negative bacteria except
a. Pseudomonas
b. Xanthomonas
c. Agrobacterium
d. Corynebacterium
143. The following are signs of fungal
diseases except
a. Mycelia
b. Ooze
c. Sclerotial bodies
d. Fruiting bodies
143. The following are signs of fungal
diseases except
a. Mycelia
b. Ooze
c. Sclerotial bodies
d. Fruiting bodies
144. The largest group of
microorganisms that causes plant
diseases is.
a. Viruses
b. Fungi
c. Bacteria
d. Nematodes
144. The largest group of
microorganisms that causes plant
diseases is.
a. Viruses
b. Fungi
c. Bacteria
d. Nematodes
145. Insect which damage organ by
sucking the unfurled floral parts
a. Black bug
b. Rice bug
c. Thrips
d. Fruit fly
145. Insect which damage organ by
sucking the unfurled floral parts
a. Black bug
b. Rice bug
c. Thrips
d. Fruit fly
146. One of these is not a common
name of Heliothes armigera
a. Asparagus tipworm
b. Cotton bollworm
c. Tomato fruitworm
d. Corn borer
146. One of these is not a common name of
Heliothes armigera
a. Asparagus tipworm
b. Cotton bollworm
c. Tomato fruitworm- Helicoverpa armigera
d. Corn borer - Ostrinia
nubilalis/furnacalis
147. Stem borers belong to this order
a. Orthoptera
b. Coleoptera
c. Lepidoptera
d. Thysanoptera
147. Stem borers belong to this order
a. Orthoptera
b. Coleoptera
c. Lepidoptera
d. Thysanoptera
148. Leafminers, fruitlies and animal
parasites belong to this order
a. Orthoptera
b. Dipetra
c. Hymenoptera
d. Hemiptera
148. Leafminers, fruitlies and animal
parasites belong to this order
a. Orthoptera
b. Dipetra
c. Hymenoptera
d. Hemiptera
149. The scientific name of 28-spotted
lady beetle
a. Plusia interpunctata
b. Agrilus occipitalis
c. Plutella xyslostella
d. Henosepilachna
vigitiocpunctata
149. The scientific name of 28-spotted
lady beetle
a. Plusia interpunctata
b. Agrilus occipitalis
c. Plutella xyslostella
d. Henosepilachna
vigintioctopunctata
150. Phyllocoptrata oleivora is
commonly known as
a. Green soldier bug
b. Confused flour beetle
c. Rust-Red flour bettle
d. Citrus rust mite
150. Phyllocoptrata oleivora is
commonly known as
a. Green soldier bug
b. Confused flour beetle
c. Rust-Red flour bettle
d. Citrus rust mite
151. One of these is not a predator of
insect pest in rice
a. Dragonflies
b. Spider mites
c. Wolf spider
d. Lady bird beetle
151. One of these is not a predator of
insect pest in rice
a. Dragonflies
b. Spider mites
c. Wolf spider
d. Lady bird beetle
152. Culture of silkworm and their
uses
a. Floriculture
b. Apiculture
c. Sericulture
d. Mariculture
152. Culture of silkworm and their
uses
a. Floriculture
b. Apiculture
c. Sericulture
d. Mariculture
153. The white grub commonly as
known as “ulalo” is what stage of the
insect
a. Egg
b. Larvae
c. Pupa
d. Adult
153. The white grub commonly as
known as “ulalo” is what stage of the
insect
a. Egg
b. Larvae
c. Pupa
d. Adult
154. This is generally considered to
have the highest potential for efficacy
and safety in control programs
a. Bacteria
b. Virus
c. Protozoa
d. All of the above
154. This is generally considered to
have the highest potential for efficacy
and safety in control programs
a. Bacteria
b. Virus
c. Protozoa
d. All of the above
155. Good recommendation against
golden kuhol
a. Use of papaya leaves as
attractants
b. Water management
c. Removal of weeds
d. All of the above
155. Good recommendation against
golden kuhol
a. Use of papaya leaves as
attractants
b. Water management
c. Removal of weeds
d. All of the above
156. Prevents damage from squash beetle
and other pest when dusted on foliage
a. Coconut meal
b. Salt
c. Fermented fish
d. Ash
e. All of the above
156. Prevents damage from squash beetle
and other pest when dusted on foliage
a. Coconut meal
b. Salt
c. Fermented fish
d. Ash
e. All of the above
157. Which is the most important
vector of papaya ringspot virus
a. Beetles
b. Aphids
c. Leafhoppers
d. Planthoppers
157. Which is the most important
vector of papaya ringspot virus
a. Beetles
b. Aphids
c. Leafhoppers
d. Planthoppers
158. Geographic variants of a species
a. Variety
b. Species
c. Tribe
d. Subspecies
158. Geographic variants of a species
a. Variety
b. Species
c. Tribe
d. Subspecies
▪ In taxonomy, a variety is a taxonomic rank that
is used to classify a group of plants or animals
within a species that display distinct
differences, often due to geographic or
ecological factors.
▪ Species, tribe, and subspecies, refer to
different levels of taxonomic classification but
do not specifically denote geographic variants
within a species.
159. Includes the walking sticks and
the leaf insects
a. Blattaria
b. Dermaptera
c. Mantodea
d. Phasmatodea
159. Includes the walking sticks and
the leaf insects
a. Blattaria
b. Dermaptera
c. Mantodea
d. Phasmatodea
160. Making sounds by rubbing one
parts of the body against another for
mating call
a. Orthoptera
b. Dermaptera
c. Hemiptera
d. Homoptera
160. Making sounds by rubbing one
parts of the body against another for
mating call
a. Orthoptera
b. Dermaptera
c. Hemiptera
d. Homoptera
161. Another term for the male
copulatory organs of insects
a. Valvulae
b. Aedegus
c. Parameres
d. Valvifers
161. Another term for the male
copulatory organs of insects
a. Valvulae
b. Aedegus
c. Parameres
d. Valvifers
162. Another term of adults stage of
insects
a. Instar
b. Nymphs
c. Imago
d. Stadia
162. Another term of adults stage of
insects
a. Instar
b. Nymphs
c. Imago
d. Stadia
Imago

▪ final and fully developed stage of an insect

▪ undergone complete metamorphosis.
▪ reached sexual maturity
163. When was the Philippine Integrated
Pest Management Program dubbed as
KASAKALIKASAN through MO No 128
established?
a. May 3, 1993
b. May 3, 1992
c. May 3, 1991
d. May 3, 1990
163. When was the Philippine Integrated
Pest Management Program dubbed as
KASAKALIKASAN through MO No 128
established?
a. May 3, 1993
b. May 3, 1992
c. May 3, 1991
d. May 3, 1990
KASAKALIKASAN
▪ aimed at reducing the reliance on chemical
pesticides.
▪ encouraging the use of integrated
approaches to pest management.
▪ incorporating ecological
164. The year when the Philippine
Atomic Energy Commission produced
Atomic rice which is resistant to insect
a. 1960
b. 1970
c. 1980
d. 1950
164. The year when the Philippine
Atomic Energy Commission produced
Atomic rice which is resistant to insect
a. 1960
b. 1970
c. 1980
d. 1950
▪ PAEC conducted extensive research on
atomic energy and its applications in
various fields, including agriculture.
▪ Atomic rice was developed using radiation-
induced mutation breeding techniques,
which involved exposing seeds to radiation
to induce mutations that could result in
beneficial traits, such as insect resistance.
165. Post emergence of 2, 4-D can
control weed species like
a. Chromolaena odorata
b. Echinocloa crusgalli
c. Eleusine indica
d. Cyperus iris
165. Post emergence of 2, 4-D can
control weed species like
a. Chromolaena odorata
b. Echinocloa crusgalli
c. Eleusine indica
d. Cyperus iris
166. An application of herbicidal
spray over an entire area is
a. Blanket
b. Spot
c. Band
d. Sub surface application
166. An application of herbicidal
spray over an entire area is
a. Blanket
b. Spot
c. Band
d. Sub surface application
167. The first to acquire golden apple
snail in the Philippines
a. Bio Research Institute
b. Rafael Alayde Hatchery
c. Asturias Farm
d. NCPC
167. The first to acquire golden apple
snail in the Philippines
a. Bio Research Institute
b. Rafael Alayde Hatchery
c. Asturias Farm
d. NCPC
• Rafael Alayde Hatchery played a significant
role in the introduction and distribution of
the golden apple snail (Pomacea
canaliculata) in the Philippines.
• Introduced to the country for their potential
use as a source of protein for human
consumption and as an alternative to the
declining freshwater clam population.
168. The golden apple snail
originated from
a. US
b. North America
c. South America
d. Africa
168. The golden apple snail originated
from
a. US
b. North America
c. South America
d. Africa
169. The rice stage usually damage
by rats
a. Seedling
b. Ripening
c. Vegetative
d. All of the above
169. The rice stage usually damage
by rats
a. Seedling
b. Ripening
c. Vegetative
d. All of the above
170. Most of the plants are_______to
most plant pathogen
a. Susceptible
b. Resistant
c. Tolerant
d. Immune
170. Most of the plants are_______to
most plant pathogen
a. Susceptible
b. Resistant
c. Tolerant
d. Immune
• Most plants are immune (resistant) to most
pathogens; however, all are susceptible to
attack by at least one pathogen—some
plants are susceptible to many.
By: Andersen, J.E. et.al 2018, Disease
Resistance Mechanisms in Plants
• ,
171. Another plant disease that caused
12,000 Japanese to starve and died due to
the failure of their crop is the
__________________________.
A. rice white stripe disease
B. potato blight
C. corn rust
D. coffee rust
Rice white stripe disease
Other famines caused by plant diseases have
taken a huge toll on human life. In 1733, 12,000
people on one Japanese island died because the
rice crop failed.
Rice stunt, a viral disease, is thought to have
caused the crop failure. In 1942, brown spot, a
fungal disease of rice, caused the great Bengal
famine in which approximately 2million people
died.
171. Another plant disease that caused
12,000 Japanese to starve and died due to
the failure of their crop is the
__________________________.
A. rice white stripe disease
B. potato blight
C. corn rust
D. coffee rust
172. Most generalized type of insect
mouthparts
a. Chewing
b. Piercing-sucking
c. Siphoning
d. Sponging
172. Most generalized type of insect
mouthparts
a. Chewing
b. Piercing-sucking
c. Siphoning
d. Sponging
173. Trichoderma is a
a. Fungi
b. Bacteria
c. Nematode
d. Parasitoid
173. Trichoderma is a
a. Fungi
b. Bacteria
c. Nematode
d. Parasitoid- Trichogramma
174. What do you call a study of the
reaction of the antibody and antigen in-
vitro?
A. Hematology
B. Virology
C. Immunology
D. Serology
174. What do you call a study of the
reaction of the antibody and antigen in-
vitro?
A. Hematology
B. Virology
C. Immunology
D. Serology
A. Hematology - the study of the physiology of the blood.
B. Virology- the branch of science that deals with the
study of viruses.
C. Immunology
D. Serology- the scientific study or diagnostic examination
of blood serum, especially with regard to the response of
the immune system to pathogens or introduced
substances.
175. Insecticide K has a dilution rate to
water of 1: 320. What is the recommended
dosage per 16 L of water
a. 50g
b. 25g
c. 20g
d. 40g
175. Insecticide K has a dilution rate to
water of 1: 320. What is the recommended
dosage per 16 L of water
a. 50g
b. 25g
c. 20g
d. 40g
▪ The dilution rate of 1:320 means that 1 part of the insecticide is mixed
with 320 parts of water.

▪ 1 part of insecticide is to 320 parts of water, which is a total of 1 + 320 =

321 parts.

▪ So, for 16000 mL (16 L) of water, the amount of insecticide needed can
be calculated as:
▪ 16000 mL / 321 = 49.84 grams

▪ Rounded to the nearest whole number= 50 grams.

176. Needle nematode
a. Criconema
b. Trichodrous
c. Helicotylenchus
d. Longidorous
176. Needle nematode
a. Criconema
b. Trichodrous
c. Helicotylenchus
d. Longidorous
177. Which among the following is
sedge
a. Beggarstick
b. Bulrush
c. Little iron weed
d. Spreading dayflower
177. Which among the following is
sedge
a. Beggarstick
b. Bulrush
c. Little iron weed
d. Spreading dayflower
178. The following are infectious
disease except
a. Anthracnose
b. Sunscald
c. Sootymold
d. Coffee rust
178. The following are infectious
disease except
a. Anthracnose
b. Sunscald
c. Sootymold
d. Coffee rust
NON-PARASITIC AGENTS OF PLANT DISEASES

1. ABIOTIC DISEASES OR INJURY

b. Injury caused by too High
temperature

❑ Sunscald- tissues a light

and blistered due to
prolonged exposure to
high temperature and
bright sunlight
179. The following are insect vector
of plant disease except
a. Nematode
b. Leafhoppers
c. Thrips
d. Aphids
179. The following are insect vector
of plant disease except
a. Nematode
b. Leafhoppers
c. Thrips
d. Aphids
180. The characteristic mode of life of a
species or its place in the environment, its
relation to food, enemies, etc.
a. Oviparity
b. Insect ecology
c. Habitate
d. Niche
180. The characteristic mode of life of a
species or its place in the environment, its
relation to food, enemies, etc.
a. Oviparity
b. Insect ecology
c. Habitate
d. Niche
 Niche
In ecology, it refers
to the role or function
of a species within an
ecosystem, including
its habitat,
interactions with
other organisms, and
its specific position in
the food chain.
181. In identification of insects,
Family names always end in
a. –oidea
b. –idea
c. –pteroidea
d. –ptera
181. In identification of insects,
Family names always end in
a. –oidea
b. –idea
c. –pteroidea
d. –ptera
182. Insects belong to this order are
short-lived and die in 1-2 days
a. Collembolla
b. Diplura
c. Odonata
d. Ephemeroptera
182. Insects belong to this order are
short-lived and die in 1-2 days
a. Collembolla
b. Diplura
c. Odonata
d. Ephemeroptera
183. The 1st (basal) segment of the
insect antennae is
a. Scape
b. Pedicel
c. Flagellum
d. Flagellomeres
183. The 1st (basal) segment of the
insect antennae is
a. Scape
b. Pedicel
c. Flagellum
d. Flagellomeres
184. Housefly and Syrphidfly has this
type of antennae
a. Geniculate
b. Plumose
c. Aristate
d. Stylate
184. Housefly and Syrphidfly has this
type of antennae
a. Geniculate
b. Plumose
c. Aristate
d. Stylate
185. Dragonflies and damselflies has
this type of antennae
a. Setaceous
b. Filiform
c. Monoliform
d. Serrate
185. Dragonflies and damselflies has
this type of antennae
a. Setaceous
b. Filiform
c. Monoliform
d. Serrate
186. Click beetles have this type of antennae
a. Filiform
b. Monoliform
c. Pectinate
d. Clubbed
e. Serrate
f. Oryctes rhinoceros
186. Click beetles have this type of antennae
a. Filiform
b. Monoliform
c. Pectinate
d. Clubbed
e. Serrate
f. Oryctes rhinoceros
187. Sheath blight of rice and corn is
caused by
a. Helminthosporium maydis
b. Rhizoctonia solani
c. Cercospora cruenta
d. Cercosporidium personatum
187. Sheath blight of rice and corn is
caused by
a. Helminthosporium maydis
b. Rhizoctonia solani
c. Cercospora cruenta
d. Cercosporidium personatum
188. Agromyzid fly is an example of
an insect that
a. Skeletonizes the leaves
b. Destroy growing buds
c. Tunnel in the stem
d. Mines in the leaf tissues
188. Agromyzid fly is an example of
an insect that
a. Skeletonizes the leaves
b. Destroy growing buds
c. Tunnel in the stem
d. Mines in the leaf tissues
Agromyzid fly
family of flies (Diptera) commonly known as
the leaf miner flies or leaf miner beetles.
Larvae mine the tissues of leaves, creating
characteristic squiggly lines or blotches on the
leaves.
189. Sweet potato is the host plant of
Cylas formicarius commonly known as
a. Sweet potato weevil
b. Sweet potato sphinx moth
c. Sweet potato fly
d. Gabi sphinx moth
189. Sweet potato is the host plant of
Cylas formicarius commonly known as
a. Sweet potato weevil
b. Sweet potato sphinx moth
c. Sweet potato fly
d. Gabi sphinx moth
190. The year when airplane was 1st
used in the Philippines for pesticide
application
a. 1925
b. 1927
c. 1929
d. 1923
190. The year when airplane was 1st
used in the Philippines for pesticide
application
a. 1925
b. 1927
c. 1929
d. 1923
191. Mechanism of biochemical
methods which involves production of anti-
microbial compounds of the antagonist
a. Hypersensitive
b. Antibiotic
c. Suppressive soils
d. Fungistasis
191. Mechanism of biochemical
methods which involves production of anti-
microbial compounds of the antagonist
a. Hypersensitive
b. Antibiotic
c. Suppressive soils
d. Fungistasis
192. Fungicide developed for seed
treatment purposes
a. Benomyl
b. Azoxystrobin
c. Captan
d. Difeonazole
192. Fungicide developed for seed
treatment purposes
a. Benomyl
b. Azoxystrobin
c. Captan
d. Difeonazole
193. To cover the surface tension,
_______should be added to the pesticides
a. Detergents
b. Oils
c. Calcium carbonate
d. Wettable powders
193. To cover the surface tension,
_______should be added to the pesticides
a. Detergents
b. Oils
c. Calcium carbonate
d. Wettable powders
194. What is the mode of action of
protective fungicides?
a. Prevent germination of fungal
conidia
b. Dehydrate the condia
c. Plasmolyze the conidia
d. Burst the conidia
194. What is the mode of action of
protective fungicides?
a. Prevent germination of fungal
conidia
b. Dehydrate the condia
c. Plasmolyze the conidia
d. Burst the conidia
195. What is the signal molecule of
SAR
a. Jasmonate
b. Systemin
c. Ethylene
d. Salycilic acid
a. Jasmonate - mediation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic
stresses
b. Systemin - the initial peptide signal found in plants, is an
intracellular signaling molecule that is
synthesized within the amino acid sequence of a 200-
aa precursor, called prosystemin
c.Ethylene- synthesized from S-adenosyl-L-methionine via 1-
aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC).
d. Salycilic acid- is associated with accumulation of
pathogenesis-related proteins, which are thought to
contribute to resistance.
196. This control method requires
host specificity to be effective
a. Physical
b. Biological
c. Chemical
d. Cultural
196. This control method requires
host specificity to be effective
a. Physical
b. Biological
c. Chemical
d. Cultural
197. 2,4-D is classified as
a. Aliphatic
b. Amides
c. Phenoxy derivatives
d. Nitrite derivatives
197. 2,4-D is classified as
a. Aliphatic – alcohol/disinfectant
b. Amides- Insecticide
c. Phenoxy derivatives- Herbicide
d. Nitrite derivatives - class of
compounds comprising N-
nitrosamines and N-nitrosamides.
198. The fusion of somatic cells
a. Karyogamy
b. Plasmogamy
c. Somatogamy
d. Polygamy
198. The fusion of somatic cells
a. Karyogamy- fusion of two nuclei
b. Plasmogamy- two-parent cells
merges
c. Somatogamy
d. Polygamy- one male mating with
multiple females or one female
mates with many males.
199. The following are mechanism of
variation in fungi except
a. Mutation
b. Transformation
c. Heterokaryosis
d. Cytoplasmic variation
199. The following are mechanism of
variation in fungi except
a. Mutation
b. Transformation
c. Heterokaryosis
d. Cytoplasmic variation
VARIABILITY OF PLANT PATHOGENS
MECHANISM OF VARIABILITY

FUNGI BACTERIA VIRUS

1. Mutation 1. Conjugation 1. Recombination
2. Recombination 2. Transformation 2. Reassortment
3. Heterokaryosis 3. Transduction 3. Mutation
4. Parasexualism
5. Heteroploidy
VARIABILITY OF PLANT PATHOGENS
FUNGUS
a. Mutation-
• changes in the sequence of
bases in the DNA
• substitution of one base for
another or through addition or
deletion of one or many base
pairs.
• change in the genetic
material
D. VARIABILITY OF PLANT PATHOGENS
FUNGUS
c. Heterokaryosis
• a condition in which cells of
fungal hyphae or parts of
hyphae contain two or more
nuclei those are genetically
different.
VARIABILITY OF PLANT PATHOGENS
BACTERIA

Transformation

bacterial cells incorporate

genetic material from
ruptured bacterial eels

Transformation in bacteria (Carpa, 2010)

200. Worldwide occurrence of a
disease
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Sporadic
200. Worldwide occurrence of a
disease
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Sporadic