Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

3 Percentages (II) 4. Percentage decrease in the number of members

600  510
  100%
600
Quick Review 90
  100%
600
Let’s Try (p. 3.3)  15%
200  100
1. percentage increase   100%
100
5. New bus fare  $4  (1  5%)
100
  100%  $4  1.05
100
 100%  $ 4 .2

2. new value  70  (1  35%) 6. Number of patients visited the clinic on Tuesday

 70  0.65  320  (1  40%)
 45.5  320  0.6
 192
Review Exercise 3 (p. 3.4)
75 Activity
1. (a) Percentage increase   100%
5
2
  100% Warm-Up Activity (p. 3.7)
5 1. Number of visitors in 2013  40 000  (1  10%)
 40%
 44 000

300  120 2. Number of visitors in 2014  44 000  (1  5%)

(b) Percentage increase   100%
120  41 800
180
  100%
120 3. yes
 150%
Activity 3.1 (p. 3.16)
1. Population of the city in 2015  1 000 000  (1  5%)
(c) New value  24  (1  50%)
Population of the city in 2016
 24  1.5
 population of the city in 2015  (1  5%)
 36
 1 000 000  (1  5%)( 2)
Population of the city in 2017
90  63  population of the city in 2016  (1  5%)
2. (a) Percentage decrease   100%
90
 1 000 000  (1  5%)(3)
27
  100%
90 2. Population of the city n years after 2014
 30%
 1 000 000  (1  5%) ( n )

(b) New value  500  (1  7%) Activity 3.2 (p. 3.25)

 500  0.93 1. (a) Interest earned each year  $10 000  5%  $500
 465
(b) Total interest after 1 year  $500
(c) New value  1000  (1  1%)  $10 000  5%  1
 1000  0.99 Total interest after 2 years  $500  $500
 990  $10 000  5%  2
Total interest after 3 years  $500  $500  $500
41  40  $10 000  5%  3
3. Percentage increase in height   100%
40
1 2. Total interest earned after t years  $ P  r %  t
  100%
40
 2 .5 % Classwork

Classwork (p. 3.7)

(a) New value  1000  (1  20%)  (1  8%)
 1296

36
 3 Percentages (II)

Alternative Solution
(b) New value  600  (1  6%)  (1  25%) Johnny’s phone bill in February  $200  (1  20%)
 423  $160
Johnny’s phone bill in March  $160  (1  30%)
(c) New value  280  (1  50%)  (1  30%)  $112
 182 Johnny’s phone bill in April  $112  (1  50%)
 $168
Classwork (p. 3.32)
Number of periods Interest rate per period
2 12% Quick Practice 3.5 (p. 3.9)
12% Let $v be the value of the necklace two years ago.
4  6% v  (1  40%)  (1  9%)  6370
2
12% v  1.4  0.91  6370
8  3% v  6370  0.91  1.4
4
12%  5000
24  1% ∴ The value of the necklace was $5000 two years ago.
12

Quick Practice Quick Practice 3.6 (p. 3.9)

Let x be the number of birds in the wetland park in 2012.
Quick Practice 3.1 (p. 3.5) Number of birds in the wetland park in 2014
 x  (1  5%)  (1  25%)
(a) Percentage change in sales
600  800  1.1875x
  100% Percentage change in the number of birds from 2012 to 2014
800
  25% 1.1875x  x
  100%
x
0.1875x
(b) Percentage change in sales   100%
x
848  800
  100%   18.75%
800
  6%
Quick Practice 3.7 (p. 3.11)
Number of boys now  40  (1  20%)
Quick Practice 3.2 (p. 3.6)
 40  0.8
(a) Number of choir members this year
 70  (1  20%)  32
Number of girls now  36  (1  25%)
 70  1.2
 36 1.25
 84
 45
Number of members in the swimming team now  32  45
(b) Number of choir members this year  77
 70  (1  10%)
 70  0.9
Quick Practice 3.8 (p. 3.11)
 63
Let h and b be the original height and the original base of the
parallelogram respectively.
Quick Practice 3.3 (p. 3.6) Original area of the parallelogram  bh
Let $x be the budget of the project last year. New height  h  (1  5%)
x  (1  40%)  28 000
 1.05h
x  28 000  (1  40%) New base  b  (1  20%)
 28 000  1.4  1.2b
 20 000 New area of the parallelogram  1.2b 1.05h
∴ The budget of the project last year was $20 000.  1.26bh
1.26bh  bh
Percentage change in area  100%
Quick Practice 3.4 (p. 3.8) bh
Johnny’s phone bill in April 0.26bh
 $200  (1  20%)  (1  30%)  (1  50%)  100%
bh
 $200  0.8  0.7  1.5   26%
 $168

37
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Quick Practice 3.9 (p. 3.12) Quick Practice 3.14 (p. 3.21)
Let C be the original cost of the shirt. 5700  5187
(a) Percentage decrease in number   100%
Then, the original production cost and the original advertising 5700
cost are 0.8C and 0.2C respectively.  9%
New production cost  0.8C  (1  4%)
 0.8C  1.04 (b) Number of butterflies after 2 years
 0.832C  5187  (1  9%) 2
New advertising cost  0.2C  (1  6%)
 5187  0.912
 0.2C  0.94
 4295 (cor. to the nearest integer)
 0.188C
New cost of the shirt  0.832C  0.188C
 1.02C (c) Percentage decrease over these 2 years
1.02C  C 5187  5187  0.912
Percentage change in cost   100%   100%
C 5187
0.02C  17.2% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
  100%
C
  2% Quick Practice 3.15 (p. 3.26)
(a) Simple interest  $12 000  5%  3
Quick Practice 3.10 (p. 3.17)  $1800
Company’s expected profit after 4 years Amount  $(12 000  1800)
 $3 000 000  (1  2%) 4  $13 800
 $3 000 000  1.02 4
 $3 247 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand) (b) 30 months = 2.5 years
Simple interest  $12 000  5%  2.5
Quick Practice 3.11 (p. 3.17)  $1500
Let n be the number of fans of the Korean star five months ago. Amount  $(12 000  1500)
n  (1  30%)5  400 000  $13 500
n  400 000  (1  30%)5
 400 000  1.35 Quick Practice 3.16 (p. 3.27)
 108 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand) Let $P be the principal that Anthony borrowed.
∴ There were 108 000 fans of the Korean star five months 1600  P  8%  4
ago. 0.32P  1600
P  5000
Quick Practice 3.12 (p. 3.19) ∴ The principal that Anthony borrowed was $5000.
(a) Number of periods = 2
Value of the sofa at the beginning of 2014 Quick Practice 3.17 (p. 3.27)
 $7500  (1  15%)2 (a) Simple interest  $(24 400  20 000)
 $4400
 $7500  0.852
 $5418.75
 $5419 (cor. to the nearest dollar) (b) Suppose the money was deposited for t years.
4400  20 000  5.5%  t
1100t  4400
(b) Depreciation in value  $(7500  5418.75)
t4
 $2081.25 ∴ The money was deposited for 4 years.
 $2081 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
Quick Practice 3.18 (p. 3.28)
Let r% be the annual interest rate.
Quick Practice 3.13 (p. 3.20)
 9
Let $P be the value of the mobile phone half a year ago. 51 075  45 000  1  r %  
1
12
 12 
P  (1  10%) 2  3000 3
1  r %   1.135
P  3000  (1  10%)6 4
 3000  0.9 6 r %  0.18
 5645 (cor. to the nearest integer) r  18
∴ The annual interest rate is 18%.
∴ The value of the mobile phone was $5645 half a year ago.

38
 3 Percentages (II)

Quick Practice 3.19 (p. 3.32) Quick Practice 3.23 (p. 3.38)
Amount  $30 000  (1  8%) 2 Rates for a year  $120 000  5%
 $34 992  $6000
Rates payable per quarter  $6000  4
Compound interest  $(34 992  30 000)
 $1500
 $4992

Quick Practice 3.24 (p. 3.39)

Quick Practice 3.20 (p. 3.33)
Rates payable per year  $2000  4
Number of quarters in 3 years  3  4
 $8000
 12
8% Let $R be the rateable value of Mrs Chan’s flat.
Interest rate per quarter  8000  R  5%
4
 2% R  8000  5%
Amount  $20 000  (1  2%)12  160 000
∴ The rateable value of Mrs Chan’s flat is $160 000.
∴ Compound interest
 $[20 000  (1  2%)12  20 000]
Quick Practice 3.25 (p. 3.40)
 $5365 (cor. to the nearest dollar) Property tax payable  $300 000  80%  15%
 $36 000
Quick Practice 3.21 (p. 3.34)
Let $P be the principal which Michael borrowed.
Quick Practice 3.26 (p. 3.41)
Number of half-year periods in one year  1  2 Net chargeable income  $(250 000  160 000)
2
 $90 000
10%
Interest rate per half year   $(40 000  40 000  10 000)
2
 5% Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
∴ 6615  P  (1  5%) 2 On the first $40 000 2% $800
On the next $40 000 7% $2800
6615  P  1.052
On the next $10 000 12% $1200
P  6615  1.052 ∴ Jenny’s salaries tax payable  $(800  2800  1200)
 6000  $4800
∴ Michael borrowed $6000 from the bank.

Quick Practice 3.22 (p. 3.35) Consolidation Corner

(a) For Bank A,
simple interest paid  $18 000  12%  2 Consolidation Corner (p. 3.10)
 $4320 1. Number of chickens after two years
 900  (1  45%)  (1  20%)
For Bank B,  900  0.55  1.2
amount  $18 000  (1  12%) 2  594
compound interest paid
 $[18 000  (1  12%) 2  18 000]
2. (a) Number of students in 2014
 $4579.2  800  (1  10%)  (1  5%)
For Bank C,  800  0.9  0.95
number of months in 2 years  2  12  684
 24
12%
interest rate per month  (b) Percentage change in the number of students from
12
2012 to 2014
 1%
684  800
amount  $18 000  (1  1%) 24   100%
800
compound interest paid   14.5%
 $[18 000  (1  1%)24  18 000]
 $4855 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
3. x  (1  5%)  (1  8%)  13 608
x  1.05  1.08  13 608
(b) Bank A pays the least interest compared with the other two x  13 608  1.08  1.05
banks.  12 000
∴ Mrs Wong’s monthly salary was $12 000 two years
ago.

39
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Consolidation Corner (p. 3.12) (b) Let n be the number of passengers 2 years ago.
1. (a) Mr Lee’s full-time job income this month n  (1  8%) 2  2 500 000
 $17 000  (1  10%) n  2 500 000  (1  8%) 2
 $17 000  1.1  2 500 000  1.082
 $18 700  2 143 000
Mr Lee’s part-time job income this month (cor. to the nearest thousand)
 $3000  (1  65%) ∴ There were 2 143 000 passengers 2 years ago.
 $3000  0.35
 $1050 Consolidation Corner (p. 3.21)
Mr Lee’s income this month  $(18 700  1050) 1. (a) New value  64  0.8752
 $19 750  49

(b) Mr Lee’s income last month  $(17 000  3000) (b) Decay factor  1  25%
 $20 000  0.75
Percentage change in Mr Lee’s monthly income
New value  $576  0.753
19 750  20 000
  100%  $243
20 000
  1.25%
(c) Decay factor  1  2%
 0.98
2. Original area of the square   2 cm 2
New length of the square    (1  20%) cm P  0.98  1920.8 m
2

 1.2 cm 1920.8
P m
New area of the square  1.2  1.2 cm 2 0.982
 1.44 2 cm 2  2000 m
Percentage change in the area of the square
1.44 2   2 2. (a) The value of the machine 2 years later
  100%  $36 000  (1  14%)2 2
2
0.44 2  $36 000  0.864
  100%
2  $19 692 (cor. to the nearest integer)
  44%
(b) Let $P be the value of the machine 3 years ago.
Consolidation Corner (p. 3.18) P  (1  14%)3 2  36 000
1. (a) New value  800 1.12 P  36 000  (1  14%)6
 968  36 000  0.866
 88 984
(b) Growth factor  1  5%
(cor. to the nearest integer)
 1.05
∴ The value of the machine was $88 984 3 years
New value  $4000  1.053 ago.
 $4630.5
Consolidation Corner (p. 3.28)
1. (a) Simple interest  $1600  5%  2
(c) Growth factor  1  20%
 $160
 1 .2
Amount  $(1600  160)
P  1.2 2  216 cm
 $1760
216
P cm
1.2 2
 150 cm 9
(b) Simple interest  $3000  10% 
12
2. (a) Number of passengers 4 years later  $225
 2 500 000  (1  8%) 4 Amount  $(3000  225)
 2 500 000  1.08 4  $3225
 3 401 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand)
(c) Simple interest  $100 000  7.5%  4
 $30 000

40
 3 Percentages (II)

Amount  $(100 000  30 000) (b) Mr Ho should borrow money from Bank A.
 $130 000
Consolidation Corner (p. 3.42)
1. Rates for a year  $220 000  5%
2. Let $P be the principal that Mr Chan deposited.
 $11 000
6000  P  4%  3
Rates payable per quarter  $11 000  4
0.12P  6000
 $2750
P  50 000
∴ The principal that Mr Chan deposited was
$50 000. 2. Property tax payable  $140 000  80%  15%
 $16 800
3. (a) Simple interest  $(12 925  11 000)
 $1925
3. Net chargeable income
 $(280 000  140 000)
(b) Suppose the money was borrowed for t years.
1925  11 000  7%  t  $140 000
770t  1925  $(40 000  40 000  40 000  20 000)
t  2.5 Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
∴ The money was borrowed for 2.5 years. On the first $40 000 2% $800
On the next $40 000 7% $2800
Consolidation Corner (p. 3.35) On the next $40 000 12% $4800
1. (a) Amount  $96 000  (1  5%)3 Remainder $20 000 17% $3400
 $111132 ∴ Eliza’s salaries tax payable
 $(800  2800  4800  3400)
Compound interest  $(111132  96 000)
 $11 800
 $15 132

(b) Number of half-year periods in 3 years  3  2 Exercise

6
5% Exercise 3A (p. 3.13)
Interest rate per half year 
2 Level 1
 2.5% 1. (a) Percentage change in the number of customers
Amount  $96 000  (1  2.5%)6 180  150
  100%
150
 $111 331 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
  20%
Compound interest
 $[96 000  (1  2.5%)6  96 000]
(b) Percentage change in the number of customers
 $15 331 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
135  150
  100%
150
2. Let $P be the principal which John deposits.
  10%
Number of quarters in 2 years  2  4
8
2% 2. (a) Price of the book today  $80  (1  15%)
Interest rate per quarter 
4  $80  0.85
 0.5%  $68
∴ 46 832  P  (1  0.5%)8
46 832  P 1.0058 (b) Price of the book today  $80  (1  5%)
P  46 832  1.0058  $80  1.05
 45 000 (cor. to the nearest integer)  $84
∴ The principal is $45 000.
3. Let  cm be the original length of the metal rod.
3. (a) (i) Simple interest paid  $8000  7%  6
  (1  4%)  46.8
 $3360
  1.04  46.8
(ii) Amount  $8000  (1  7%) 6   46.8  1.04
Compound interest paid  45
 $[8000  (1  7%)6  8000] ∴ The original length of the metal rod is 45 cm.
 $4006 (cor. to the nearest dollar)

41
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

4. Number of trees left after these two years 10. (a) Number of fiction books this year
 9000  (1  40%)  (1  50%)  20 000  25%  (1  8%)
 9000  0.6  0.5  20 000  0.25  1.08
 2700  5400
Number of non-fiction books this year
 20 000  (1  25%)  (1  30%)
5. x  (1  12%)  (1  25%)  55
 20 000  0.75  1.3
x  0.88  1.25  55
 19 500
x  55  1.25  0.88
∴ Number of books in the library now
 50
 5400  19 500
∴ 50 students passed the test in 2012.
 24 900

6. Let $p be the original price of the computer book.

p  (1  35%)  (1  10%)  117 (b) Percentage change in the number of books
24 900  20 000
p  0.65  0.9  117   100%
20 000
p  117  0.9  0.65
  24.5%
 200
∴ The original price of the computer book was $200.
11. (a) Profit of the shop last month
 $(54 000  36 000)
7. (a) New marked price of the table
 $1600  (1  60%)  (1  20%)  $18 000
 $1600  1.6  0.8 Income of the shop this month
 $2048  $54 000  (1  12%)
 $54 000  1.12
(b) Overall percentage change in the marked price  $60 480
2048  1600 Expenditure of the shop this month
  100%  $36 000  (1  6%)
1600
  28%  $36 000  0.94
 $33 840
8. (a) Number of participants in 2014 Profit of the shop this month
 12 000  (1  10%)  (1  15%)  (1  5%)  $(60 480  33 840)
 12 000  1.1 0.85  1.05  $26 640
 11 781
(b) Percentage change in the profit of the shop
26 640  18 000
(b) Percentage change in the number of participants from   100%
18 000
2011 to 2014
  48%
11781  12000
  100%
12000
  1.825% 12. (a) Original area of the triangle
1
  30  15 cm 2
2
9. (a) Number of boys this year  600  (1  18%)
 225 cm 2
 600  0.82
 492 New base  30  (1  10%) cm
Number of girls this year  400  (1  2%)  30  0.9 cm
 400  0.98  27 cm
 392 New height  15  (1  20%) cm
Total number of students this year  15  0.8 cm
 492  392  12 cm
 884 New area of the triangle
1
  27  12 cm 2
(b) Total number of students last year 2
 600  400  162 cm 2
 1000
Percentage change in the number of students
884  1000
  100%
1000
  11.6%

42
 3 Percentages (II)

(b) Percentage change in the area of the triangle 17. Price of Mrs Lee’s flat in 2014
162  225  $2 800 000  (1  2.5%)  (1  7.5%)  (1  10%)
  100%
225  $2 800 000  0.975  0.925  1.1
  28%
 $2 777 775
 $2 800 000
13. (a) Original volume of the cube ∴ Mrs Lee would be unable to sell her flat at no loss.
 20  20  20 cm3 ∴ Mrs Lee’s claim is not correct.
 8000 cm3
18. (a) Original monthly expenditure on housing
New length  20  (1  30%) cm
5
 20  1.3 cm  $10 000 
523
 26 cm  $5000
New volume of the cube Original monthly expenditure on food
 26  26  26 cm3 2
 $10 000 
 17 576 cm3 523
 $2000
Original monthly expenditure on transportation
(b) Percentage change in the volume of the cube
3
17 576  8000  $10 000 
  100% 523
8000
  119.7%  $3000
New monthly expenditure on housing
 $5000  (1  20%)
14. Amount of money raised last year  $60  440  $5000  0.8
 $26 400  $4000
Price of each ticket this year  $60  (1  25%) New monthly expenditure on food
 $60  1.25  $2000  (1  10%)
 $75  $2000  1.1
Number of tickets sold this year  440  (1  5%)  $2200
 440  0.95 New monthly expenditure on transportation
 418  $3000  (1  8%)
Amount of money raised this year  $75  418  $3000  1.08
 $31 350  $3240
Percentage change in the amount of money raised ∴ Mr Chiu’s new total expenditure
31 350  26 400  $(4000  2200  3240)
  100%
26 400  $9440
  18.75%
(b) Percentage change in Mr Chiu’s total expenditure
Level 2 9440  10 000
  100%
15. Let s be Johnny’s first test score. 10 000
Johnny’s third test score  s  (1  5%)  (1  5%)   5 .6 %
 s 1.05  0.95
 0.9975s 19. Andrew’s commission income last month
∵ s  0.9975s  $180 000  1%
∴ Johnny’s score was higher in the first test.  $180 000  0.01
 $1800
16. Let P be the annual profits of the company in 2012. Andrew’s income last month  $(9000  1800)
Annual profits of the company in 2014  $10 800
 P  (1  75%)  (1  55%)
Andrew’s basic salary this month  $9000  (1  3%)
 P 1.75  0.45
 $9000  1.03
 0.7875P
 $9270
Overall percentage change in the company’s profits from
Andrew’s commission income this month
2012 to 2014
 $180 000  (1  30%)  1%
0.7875P  P
  100%  $180 000  1.3  0.01
P
 0.2125P  $2340
  100%
P Andrew’s income this month  $(9270  2340)
  21.25%  $11 610

43
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Percentage increase in Andrew’s monthly income Number of male employees this month
11 610  10 800  0.7n  (1  10%)
  100%
10 800  0.7n  0.9
 7.5%  0.63n
Number of female employees this month
20. Original time for advertisements and news  0.3n  (1  60%)
 16  (10%  40%) h  0.3n 1.6
 16  0.5 h  0.48n
8h Total number of employees this month  0.63n  0.48n
Original time for music programmes  1.11n
 (16  8) h Percentage change in the total number of employees
8h 1.11n  n
 100%
New time for advertisements and news n
 8  (1  25%) h 0.11n
 100%
 8 1.25 h n
 10 h   11%
New time for music programmes
 (16  10) h 24. Let W be Dorothy’s original weight.
6h W  (1  4%)  (1  x%)  W
 100%  1.2%
∴ Percentage decrease in the time for music W
programmes 1.04(1  x%)  1
 100  1.2
86 1
  100%
8  x 
 25% 1041    100  1.2
 100 
 x 
21. Let r be the radius of the circle. 1041    98.8
 100 
Original area of the circle  r 2
x
New radius of the circle  r  (1  25%) 1  0.95
100
 0.75r x
New area of the circle   (0.75r ) 2  0.05
100
 0.5625r 2 x5
Percentage change in the area of the circle
0.5625r 2  r 2 25. Let n be the original number of passengers and x% be the
  100%
r 2 percentage change in the number of passengers in the third
 0.4375r 2 year.
  100% n  (1  20%)  (1  50%)  (1  x%)  n
r 2
  43.75%  x 
0.8  0.5  1   1
 100 
22. Let , w and h be the length, the width and the height of x
1  2.5
the cuboid respectively. 100
Original volume of the cuboid  wh x
 1.5
New length    (1  5%) 100
 1.05 x  150
New width  w  (1  20%) ∴ The percentage change in the number of passengers
 1.2w in the third year is +150%.
New height  h  (1  10%)
26. Let P be the original ticket price and n be the original
 0.9h number of tickets sold.
New volume of the cuboid  1.05 1.2w  0.9h If the cinema manager increases the ticket price by 20%,
 1.134wh the new revenue  P  (1  20%)  n  (1  10%)
Percentage change in the volume of the cuboid  P  1.2  n  0.9
1.134wh  wh
 100%  1.08Pn
wh If the cinema manager increases the ticket price by 25%,
0.134wh the new revenue  P  (1  25%)  n  (1  15%)
 100%
wh  P  1.25  n  0.85
  13.4%
 1.0625Pn
∵ 1.08Pn  1.0625Pn
23. Let n be the total number of employees last month. ∴ The cinema manager should increase the ticket price
Then, the numbers of male employees and female
by 20% to maximize the revenue.
employees last month were 0.7n and 0.3n respectively.

44
 3 Percentages (II)

27. Let W be the weight of the alloy bar and x% be the Exercise 3B (p. 3.21)
percentage decrease in the weight of copper. Level 1
W  60%  (1  10%)  W  40%  (1  x%)  W 1. Value of the stamp after 3 years
 x   $600  (1  10%)3
0.6  1.1  0.41   1
 100   $600  1.13
 x   $798.6
0.66  0.41   1
 100 
 x  2. Fruit production 4 years later
0.41    0.34
 100   30  (1  5%)4 tons
x  30  1.054 tons
1  0.85
100
 36.5 tons (cor. to 1 d.p.)
x
 0.15
100
3. Cost of the computer after 2 years
x  15
∴ The percentage decrease in the weight of copper is  $15 000  (1  30%)2
15%.  $15 000  0.7 2
 $7350
28. (a) Let w and  be the original width and the original
length of the rectangle respectively.
4. Number of that bird species 3 years later
w 2
  3750  (1  18%)3
 5
5  3750  0.823
 w
2  2070 (cor. to the nearest ten)
New width  w  (1  25%)  1.25w
Let x% be the percentage change in length. 5. (a) Growth factor  1  75%
New length    (1  x%)  1.75
 x 
   1  
 100  (b) Height of the plant half a year later
x  8  1.756 cm

100  230 cm (cor. to the nearest cm)
For the perimeter of the rectangle to remain
unchanged,
6. (a) Decay factor  1  8%
 x 
2    1.25w   2(  w)  0.92
 100 
x
  1.25w    w
100 (b) Value of the photocopier one year later
x  $8250  0.924
0.25w  
100  $5900 (cor. to the nearest $100)
25w  x
5 (a) Salary in 2014  $9500  (1  6%)3
25w   wx 7.
2
 $9500  1.063
50  5 x
 $11 315 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
x  10
∴ When the length of the rectangle is decreased by
10%, the perimeter of the rectangle remains (b) Increase in the salary from 2011 to 2014
unchanged.  $(9500 1.063  9500)
 $1815 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
(b) For the area of the rectangle to remain unchanged,
 x 
    1.25w  w 8. (a) Number of periods = 5
 100  Value of the watch in 2014
1.25 x  $2800  (1  5%)5
1.25  1
100
 $2800  0.955
1.25 x
 0.25  $2167 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
100
1.25 x  25
x  20
∴ When the length of the rectangle is decreased by
20%, the area of the rectangle remains
unchanged.

45
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

(b) Depreciation in value (b) Value of the equipment after 3 years

 $(2800  2800  0.955 )  $84 000  (1  20%)2
 $633 (cor. to the nearest dollar)  $84 000  0.82
 $53 760
9. Let p be the population of the city 2 years ago.
p  (1  2.5%) 2  600 000 14. Population of the city in 2014
p  600 000  (1  2.5%) 2  700 000  (1  8%)3  (1  6%)2
 600 000  1.025 2  700 000  1.083  1.062
 571 000  991 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand)
(cor. to the nearest thousand)
∴ The population of the city was 571 000 2 years ago. 15. (a) Number of bacteria 2 hours later
 40  (1  150%)2
10. Let A m2 be the area of the forest 6 years ago.
A  (1  10%)6  200 000  40  2.52
 250
A  200 000  (1  10%)6
 200 000  0.96
(b) Percentage increase in the number of bacteria over
 376 000 the next 2 hours
(cor. to the nearest thousand) 250  40
  100%
∴ The area of the forest was 376 000 m2 6 years ago. 40
 525%
11. (a) Value of the vase 5 years later
 $420 000  (1  12%)5
7000  5600
 $420 000  1.125 16. (a) Depreciation rate   100%
7000
 $740 200 (cor. to the nearest $100)  20%

(b) Let $V be the value of the vase 4 years ago. (b) Value of the air-conditioner 3 years later
V  (1  12%)4  420 000  $5600  (1  20%)3
V  420 000  (1  12%)4  $5600  0.83
 420 000  1.12 4
 $2867.2
 266 900
(cor. to the nearest hundred) (c) Percentage decrease over these 3 years
∴ The value of the vase was $266 900 4 years ago. 5600  2867.2
  100%
5600
12. (a) Value of the car 2 years later  48.8%
 $500 000  (1  15%)2
 $500 000  0.852 17. (a) (i) His income in April
 $361 000 (cor. to the nearest $1000)  $10 000  (1  10%)3
 $10 000  1.13
(b) Let $V be the value of the car 3 years ago.  $13 310
V  (1  15%)3  500 000
V  500 000  (1  15%)3 (ii) His income in July
 500 000  0.85 3  $13 310  (1  10%)3
 814 000  $13 310  0.93
(cor. to the nearest thousand)  $9702.99
∴ The value of the car was $814 000 3 years ago.  $9703 (cor. to the nearest integer)

Level 2 (b) Overall percentage change in his income from

13. (a) Value of the equipment after 1 year January to July
 $120 000  (1  30%) 9702.99  10 000
 $120 000  0.7   100%
10 000
 $84 000   3% (cor. to the nearest integer)

46
 3 Percentages (II)

18. (a) Let r% be the depreciation rate of the machine per 2. Simple interest  $15 000  3%  0.5
year.  $225
8000  (1  r %)  6240
1  r %  0.78 Amount  $(15 000  225)
r  22  $15 225
∴ The depreciation rate of the machine per year is
22%. 3. Let $P be the principal.
57 600  P  9%  2
(b) Let $V be the value of the machine in 2010. 0.18P  57 600
V  (1  22%) 4  6240
P  320 000
V  6240  (1  22%) 4 ∴ The principal is $320 000.
 6240  0.78 4
4. Let $P be the principal.
 16 858
24 720  P  (1  0.5%  6)
(cor. to the nearest integer)
1.03P  24 720
∴ The value of the machine in 2010 was $16 858.
P  24 000
Alternative Solution
∴ The principal is $24 000.
Let $V be the value of the machine in 2010.
V  (1  22%)3  8000 5. Let t years be the time required.
V  8000  (1  22%)3 3600  20 000  6%  t
 8000  0.783 1200t  3600
 16 858 t 3
(cor. to the nearest integer) ∴ The time required is 3 years.
∴ The value of the machine in 2010 was $16 858.
6. Let t years be the time required.
3430  2800  (1  4.5%  t )
19. (a) Let r% be the rate of increase of the number of
accountholders. Then, the growth factor of the 1  4.5%  t  1.225
number of accountholders is (1 + r%). 0.045t  0.225
1 040 400  (1  r %)  1 061 208 t 5
1  r %  1.02 ∴ The time required is 5 years.
∴ The growth factor is 1.02.
7. Let r% be the annual interest rate.
(b) Let n be the number of accountholders on  20 
30 Sep 2014. 56 000  48 000  1  r %  
 12 
n  1.023  1 061 208
20 7
n  1 061 208  1.023 1  r%  
12 6
 1 000 000 r %  0.1
∴ The number of accountholders on 30 Sep 2014 r  10
was 1 000 000. ∴ The annual interest rate is 10%.
20. Let $P be the profit of the company now.
Profit of the company after 10 years 8. Let r% be the annual interest rate.
4200  7000  r %  4
 $ P  (1  7.5%)10
280r  4200
 $ P  1.07510
r  15
 $2.0610P ∴ The annual interest rate is 15%.
 $2 P
∴ The profit of the company will exceed double in 9. Total simple interest Bobby will receive each year
10 years’ time.  $(10 000  11%  1  18 000  12%  1)
∴ The finance manager’s claim is correct.  $3260

Exercise 3C (p. 3.29)

9
Level 1 10. Amy’s simple interest  $8000  3.5% 
12
1. Simple interest  $2000  8%  4
 $210
 $640
9
Carol’s simple interest  $6600  4% 
Amount  $(2000  640) 12
 $2640  $198
∵ $210 > $198
∴ Amy will pay more interest.

47
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Difference between Amy’s interest and Carol’s interest (c) Profit made by the bank from these two transactions
 $(210  198)  $(7500  2400)
 $12  $5100
∴ Amy will pay $12 more.
17. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate.
Level 2 59 375  50 000  (1  r %  2.5)
11. (a) Let $P be the principal Paul should deposit.
1  r %  2.5  1.1875
12 900  P  (1  5%  1.5)
r %  0.075
1.075P  12 900
r  7.5
P  12 000
∴ The annual interest rate is 7.5%.
∴ Paul should deposit $12 000.
(b) Let n be the number of extra months needed.
(b) Let $P be the principal Paul should deposit.
  n 
 200  59375  50 000  1  5%   2.5  
12 900  P  1  5%    
 365   12

75  n
P  12 900 1  5%   2.5    1.1875
73  12 
P  12 556  n
0.05 2.5    0.1875
∴ Paul should deposit $12 556.  12 
n
12. Let $P be the sum of money Mr Pang deposited. 2.5   3.75
174 590  P  (1  0.9%  3) 12
n
1.027P  174 590  1.25
12
P  170 000 n  15
Simple interest  $(174 590  170 000) ∴ It will take 15 extra months for Kathy to receive
 $4590 the same amount of money.

13. Let $P be the principal that Andrew deposits. 18. (a) Suppose John borrowed the money for t years.
P  (4.5%  4%)  1  80 6160  4000  (1  12%  t )
P  0.5%  80 1  12%  t  1.54
0.005P  80 0.12t  0.54
P  16 000 t  4. 5
∴ The principal that Andrew deposits is $16 000. ∴ John borrowed the money for 4.5 years.

14. Let r% be the original annual interest rate. (b) (i) Amount that John returned to the bank
55 000  (2r %  r %)  5  6875  $4000  (1  12%  4.5  2)
275 000  r %  6875  $8320
r %  0.025 Percentage change in the amount returned
8320  6160
r  2.5   100%
6160
∴ The original annual interest rate is 2.5%.
  35.1% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
15. Suppose Mr Lee invests $P for t years.
P  (1  8%  t )  2 P (ii) Amount that John returned to the bank
1  8%  t  2  $4000  (1  6%  4.5)
8%  t  1  $5080
Percentage change in the amount returned
0.08t  1
5080  6160
t  12.5   100%
6160
∴ It will take 12.5 years for Mr Lee to receive an
  17.5% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
amount which is double the principal.

16. (a) Simple interest received by Alice 19. Let $P be the principal that Miss Chan deposits in
 $20 000  4%  3 account A. Then, the principal she deposits in account B is
$(5000  P).
 $2400
Simple interest received from account A
 $ P  10%  3
(b) Simple interest paid by Ken  $0.3P
 $20 000  12.5%  3 Simple interest received from account B
 $7500  $(5000  P )  12%  2.5
 $(5000  P )  0.3
 $(1500  0.3P )

48
 3 Percentages (II)

∵ The simple interest received from these two accounts (b) Number of quarters in 2 years  2  4
are the same. 8
∴ 0.3P  1500  0.3P 8%
0.6 P  1500 Interest rate per quarter   2%
4
P  2500 Amount  $13 000  (1  2%)8
∴ 5000  P  5000  2500  $15 232 (cor. to the nearest integer)
 2500
Compound interest
∴ Miss Chan deposits $2500 in account A and $2500 in
account B.  $[13 000  (1  2%)8  13 000]
 $2232 (cor. to the nearest integer)
Exercise 3D (p. 3.35)
Level 1 5. Number of quarters in 2.5 years  2.5  4
1. (a) Amount  $12 000  (1  4%)2  10
 $12 979 (cor. to the nearest dollar) Interest rate per quarter 
4%
 1%
4
Amount  $38 000  (1  1%) 10
(b) Amount  $10 000  (1  1%)3
Compound interest
 $10 303 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
 $[38 000  (1  1%)10  38 000]
 $3976 (cor. to the nearest integer)
(c) Amount  $9000  (1  3.5%)4
 $10 328 (cor. to the nearest dollar) 6%
6. (a) Interest rate per month 
12
 4% 
1 2  0.5%
2. (a) Amount  $40 000  1   Amount  $70 000  (1  0.5%) 8
 2 
 $41 616 Compound interest
 $[70 000  (1  0.5%)8  70 000]
2 2
 $2849 (cor. to the nearest integer)
 6% 
(b) Amount  $27 500  1  
 2  (b) Number of months in 2 years  2  12
 $30 951 (cor. to the nearest integer)
 24
6%
Interest rate per month 
1.5 2
 10%  12
(c) Amount  $8000  1    0.5%
 2 
 $9261 Amount  $70 000  (1  0.5%) 24
Compound interest
 $[70 000  (1  0.5%) 24  70 000]
3. Amount  $30 000  (1  6%)3
 $8901 (cor. to the nearest integer)
 $35 730 (cor. to the nearest dollar)

Compound interest  $[30 000  (1  6%)3  30 000] 7. Let $P be the principal.

 $5730 (cor. to the nearest dollar) 31 460  P  (1  10%)2
31 460  P  1.12
4. (a) Number of half-year periods in 2 years  2  2 P  31 460  1.12
4  26 000
8% ∴ The principal is $26 000.
Interest rate per half year 
2
 4% 8. Let $P be the sum which Mark borrowed.
Amount  $13 000  (1  4%)4 Number of half-year periods in 5 years  5  2
 $15 208 (cor. to the nearest integer)  10
3%
Compound interest Interest rate per half year   1.5%
2
 $[13 000  (1  4%)4  13 000] ∴ 6963  P  (1  1.5%)10
 $2208 (cor. to the nearest integer)
6963  P  1.01510
P  6963  1.01510
 6000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Mark borrows $6000.

49
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

9. Let $P be the principal which Jenny deposits. 13. For the first bank,
Number of months in one year  1 12 amount  $11 000  (1  3.65%) 3
 12 For the other bank,
12% number of days in 3 years  3  365
Interest rate per month 
12  1095
 1% 3.65%
interest rate per day 
∴ 317  P  (1  1%)12  P 365
317  P  1.0112  P  0.01%
P  317  (1.0112  1) amount  $11 000  (1  0.01%) 1095
Difference in interest paid by the two banks
 2500 (cor. to the nearest integer)
 $[11 000  (1  0.01%)1095  11 000  (1  3.65%)3 ]
∴ Jenny deposits $2500.
 $24 (cor. to the nearest integer)
Level 2
10. (a) Interest that Betty will obtain 14. Number of half-year periods in 2 years  2  2
 $175 000  1.5%  2
4
 $5250 Number of half-year periods in one year  1  2
2
(b) Amount  $175 000  (1  1.5%) 2 8%
Interest rate per half year 
Interest that Betty will obtain 2
 $[175 000  (1  1.5%)2  175 000]  4%
 $5289 (cor. to the nearest integer) Amount after first year  $4000  (1  4%) 2
Interest earned in the second year
11. For the first year,  $[4000  (1  4%)4  4000  (1  4%)2 ]
number of quarters in one year  1  4  $353 (cor. to the nearest integer)
4
4% 15. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate.
interest rate per quarter 
4  r% 
2

 1% 10609  10 000  1  
For the subsequent years,  2 
2
number of quarters in 2 years  2  4  r% 
1    1.0609
8  2 
5% r%
interest rate per quarter  1  1.03
4 2
 1.25% r%
 0.03
Amount  $5000  (1  1%)4  (1  1.25%)8 2
 $5747 (cor. to the nearest integer) r %  0.06
r 6
12. For the first year, ∴ The annual interest rate is 6%.
number of half-year periods in one year  1 2
(b) Total interest that Tom will get
2
  6% 
2

12%  $10 609  1    10 000
interest rate per half year 
2   2  
 6%  $1255 (cor. to the nearest integer)
For the last 6 months,
12%
interest rate per month  16. Let $P be the principal which Henry borrowed.
12
Number of quarters in 2 years  2  4
 1%
8
Amount  $100 000  (1  6%) 2  (1  1%) 6 18%
Interest that Tony receives Interest rate per quarter 
4
 $[100 000  (1  6%)2  (1  1%)6  100 000]  4.5%
 $19 272 (cor. to the nearest integer) ∴ 1899.5  P  (1  4.5%)8  P
1899.5  P  1.0458  P
P  1899.5  (1.0458  1)
 4500 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Henry borrowed $4500 from the bank.

50
 3 Percentages (II)

17. Let $P be the principal which Michelle deposited. For Bank B,

Number of quarters in one year  1  4 amount  $ P  (1  6.1%) 10
4 compound interest paid  $[ P  (1  6.1%)10  P]
Number of quarters in 2 years  2  4
 $0.8078P
8 ∵ $0.8061P < $0.8078P
10% ∴
Interest rate per quarter  Mr Fan should borrow the money from Bank A to
4 pay less interest.
 2.5%
∴ 1375  P  (1  2.5%)8  P  (1  2.5%)4 Exercise 3E (p. 3.42)
1375  P  1.0258  P  1.0254 Level 1
1. Rates for a year  $840 000  5%
P  1375  (1.0258  1.0254 )
 $42 000
 11 999 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Michelle deposited $11 999 in the bank.
2. Rates for a year  $300 000  5%
18. (a) (i) Simple interest  $ P  8%  2  $15 000
 $0.16P Rates payable per quarter  $15 000  4
 $3750

(ii) Compound interest  $[ P  (1  8%)2  P]

3. Let $R be the rateable value of Miss Leung’s property.
 $0.1664P
5000  R  5%
R  5000  5%
(b) 0.1664P  0.16 P  240
 100 000
0.0064P  240 ∴ The rateable value of Miss Leung’s property is
P  37 500 $100 000.

19. For Bank X, 4. Rates payable per year  $1125  4

number of months in one year  112  $4500
 12 Let $R be the rateable value of Mr Cheung’s flat.
9% 4500  R  5%
interest rate per month  R  4500  5%
12
 0.75%  90 000
amount  $200 000  (1  0.75%)12 ∴ The rateable value of Mr Cheung’s flat is $90 000.

compound interest  $[200 000  (1  0.75%)  200 000]

12
5. Property tax payable  $450 000  80%  15%
 $18 761 (cor. to the nearest integer)  $54 000
For Bank Y,
number of quarters in one year  1 4
6. Rent for a year  $20 000  12
4
9.1%  $240 000
interest rate per quarter  Property tax payable  $240 000  80%  15%
4
 2.275%  $28 800
amount  $200 000  (1  2.275%) 4
7. Let $I be the rental income of Ivy’s property this year.
compound interest  $[200 000  (1  2.275%)4  200 000]
12 240  I  80%  15%
 $18 831 (cor. to the nearest integer)
I  12 240  80%  15%
∵ $18 831 > $18 761
 102 000
∴ Fanny should deposit the money in Bank Y to earn
∴ The rental income of Ivy’s property this year is
more interest.
$102 000.
20. Let $P be the principal which Mr Fan borrows.
8. Let $R be the monthly rent of Mr Sung’s property.
For Bank A,
9360  R  12  80%  15%
number of half-year periods in 10 years  10  2
R  9360  12  80%  15%
 20
6%  6500
interest rate per half year  ∴ The monthly rent of Mr Sung’s property is $6500.
2
 3%
9.
amount  $ P  (1  3%) 20 Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
compound interest paid  $[ P  (1  3%)20  P] On the first $25 000 2% $500
 $0.8061P ∴ Mr Chan’s salaries tax payable  $500

51
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

10. Net chargeable income  $(210 000  160 000) ∴ Mrs Ho’s salaries tax payable
 $50 000  $(800  2800  2400)
 $(40 000  10 000)  $6000
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
On the first $40 000 2% $800 (b) Net chargeable income of Mrs Tan
On the next $10 000 7% $700  $200 000
∴ Harry’s salaries tax payable  $(800  700)  $(40 000  40 000  40 000  80 000)
 $1500 Salaries
Net chargeable income Tax rate
tax
Level 2 On the first $40 000 2% $800
11. Rates for last year  $480  4 On the next $40 000 7% $2800
 $1920 On the next $40 000 12% $4800
Let $R be the rateable value of Mr Wong’s flat last year. Remainder $80 000 17% $13 600
1920  R  5% ∴ Mrs Tan’s salaries tax payable
R  1920  5%  $(800  2800  4800  13 600)
 38 400  $22 000
Rateable value of Mr Wong’s flat this year ∴ The required percentage
 $38 400  (1  20%) 22 000  6000
  100%
Rates for this year  $38 400  (1  20%)  5% 6000
 $2304  267% (cor. to the nearest integer)
New quarterly rates payable  $2304  4
 $576 16.
Alternative Solution Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
∵ Rates = rateable value  5% On the first $40 000 2% $800
∴ New quarterly rates payable  $480  (1  20%) On the next $40 000 7% $2800
 $576 The salaries tax of people with net chargeable income
$80 000 is $(800 + 2800)  $3600 > $3530.
∴ Mr Lee’s net chargeable income < $80 000.
12. Rates for last year  $750  4 Let $(40 000 + x) be Mr Lee’s net chargeable income.
 $3000 Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax
Rates for this year  $72 000  5% On the first $40 000 2% $800
 $3600 On the next $x 7% $0.07x
3600  3000 800  0.07 x  3530
Percentage change in the rates paid   100%
3000 0.07 x  2730
  20% x  39 000
∴ Mr Lee’s net chargeable income is
13. Total property tax payable $(40 000 + 39 000)  $79 000.
 $(54 400  37 600)  80% 15%
Check Yourself (p. 3.47)
 $11040
1. (a) 
Let N be the original number.
14. Let $R be the monthly rent required. New number  N  (1  15%)  (1  15%)
Annual rental income  $R 12
 N  1.15  0.85
Property tax payable  $R 12  80% 15%
R  12  R  12  80%  15%  13 200  12  0.9775N
∴ The new number will not be the same as the
R(1  80%  15%)  13 200
original number.
R  13 200  (1  80%  15%)
 15 000 (b) 
∴ The monthly rent required is $15 000. Let X = Y = 100. Then, Z = 200
New value of Z  X  (1  10%)  Y  (1  30%)
15. (a) Net chargeable income  $100 000
 100(0.9)  100(1.3)
 $(40 000  40 000  20 000)
 90  130
Salaries  210
Net chargeable income Tax rate
tax
 200(1  20%)
On the first $40 000 2% $800
∴ Z may not be increased by 20%.
On the next $40 000 7% $2800
On the next $20 000 12% $2400

52
 3 Percentages (II)

(c)  5. (a) Let r% be the depreciation rate.

Let V be the present value of the watch. Then, the decay factor is 1 – r%.
240 000  (1  r %)  211 200
Value of the watch after two years
 V  (1  20%)2 1  r %  0.88
r %  0.12
 V  0 .8 2
r  12
 0.64V
∴ The depreciation rate is 12% and the decay
 0.6V factor is 0.88.
If the value of a watch depreciates by 20% per year,
its value after two years will not be 60% of its present (b) Value of the car 5 years after purchase
value.  $240 000  0.885
 $126 656 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
(d) 
Let P and r% be the principal and the annual interest
rate respectively. 6. (a) Simple interest  $5000  6%  5
Simple interest  P  r % 1  $1500
Pr

100 (b) (i) Amount  $5000  (1  6%) 5
Compound interest  P  (1  r %)  P ∴ Compound interest
 r   $[5000  (1  6%)5  5000]
 P  1  P
 100   $1691 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
Pr

100 (ii) Number of months in 5 years  5  12
 60
2. New value  800  (1  20%)  (1  30%)
6%
 800  0.8  1.3 Interest rate per month 
12
 832  0.5%
Amount  $5000  (1  0.5%) 60
3. (a) New length    (1  15%) cm ∴ Compound interest
 1.15 cm  $[5000  (1  0.5%)60  5000]
New width  w  (1  25%) cm  $1744 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
 0.75w cm
7. (a) Rates for a year  $186 000  5%
(b) Percentage change in area  $9300
(1.15)(0.75w)  w Rates payable per quarter  $9300  4
 100%
w  $2325
0.8625w  w
  100%
w
(b) Property tax payable  $7500  12  80%  15%
  13.75%
 $10 800
4. (a) Let $V be the value of the flat in 2005.
V  (1  10%) 4  3 000 000 Revision Exercise 3 (p. 3.48)
Level 1
V  3 000 000  (1  10%) 4
1. (a) New value  80  (1  10%)  (1  25%) cm
 3 000 000  1.14  80  1.1 1.25 cm
 2 049 040  110 cm
(cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ The value of the flat in 2005 was $2 049 040. (b) New value  $60  (1  10%)  (1  10%)
 $60  1.1 0.9
(b) Value of the flat in 2014  $3 000 000  (1  10%)5  $59.4
 $3 000 000  1.15
 $4 831 530 (c) New value  50  (1  8%)  (1  5%) kg
 50  0.92  0.95 kg
 43.7 kg

53
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

(d) New value  8000  (1  10%)  (1  8%) mL (b) Let $R be the rent of the flat 3 years ago.
 8000  0.9  1.08 mL R  (1  5%)3  13 000
 7776 mL R  13 000  (1  5%)3
 13 000  0.953
2. (a) Value of the rare stamp in April  15 163
 $40 000  (1  8%)  (1  5%)
(cor. to the nearest integer)
 $40 000  1.08  0.95 ∴ The rent of the flat was $15163 3 years ago.
 $41 040
8. Total number of students last year  100  80
(b) Overall percentage change in its value  180
41 040  40 000 Total number of students this year
  100%
40 000  100  (1  25%)  80  (1  15%)
  2.6%  100  0.75  80 1.15
 167
3. (a) Let $p be the original price of the book. Percentage change in the total number of students
p  (1  12%)  (1  15%)  253 167  180
 100%
p  0.88  1.15  253 180
p  253  1.15  0.88   7.2% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
 250
∴ The original price of the book is $250. 9. (a) New radius  5  (1  10%) cm
 5  0.9 cm
(b) Overall percentage change in the price  4.5 cm
253  250 Original circumference of the circle  2  5 cm
  100%
250  10 cm
  1 .2 % New circumference of the circle  2  4.5 cm
 9 cm
4. Value of the diamond 5 years later Percentage change in the circumference
 $54 000  (1  20%)5 9  10
  100%
 $54 000  1.2 5 10
  10%
 $134 000 (cor. to the nearest $1000)

(b) Original area of the circle    52 cm 2

5. (a) Number of bacteria 10 minutes later
 7527  (1  4%)10  25 cm 2
New area of the circle    4.5 2 cm 2
 7527  1.0410
 11142 (cor. to the nearest integer)  20.25 cm 2
Percentage change in the area
20.25  25
(b) Let n be the number of bacteria 8 minutes ago.   100%
25
n  (1  4%)8  7527
  19%
n  7527  (1  4%)8
 7527  1.048 10. Amount  $4000  (1  5.5%  4)
 5500 (cor. to the nearest integer)  $4880
∴ The number of bacteria was 5500 8 minutes ago.
11. Let $P be Chris’ principal.
6. Value of the bus 3 years later  $2 400 000  (1  15%)3 5750  P  (1  5%  3)
 $2 400 000  0.853 1.15P  5750
 $1 473 900 P  5000
∴ Chris’ principal is $5000.
7. (a) Rent of the flat 4 years later
 $13 000  (1  5%) 4  3
12. 20 600  20 000  1  r %  
 $13 000  0.95 4  12 
1  r %  0.25  1.03
 $10 589 (cor. to the nearest integer)
r %  0.12
r  12

54
 3 Percentages (II)

13. (a) Suppose David deposits the money for t months. 16. Let $I be Denise’s investment.
t 3582  I  (1  3%)6
6800  68 000  8% 
12 3582  I  1.036
t  15
∴ It will take 15 months for David to receive an I  3582  1.036
interest of $6800.  3000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
∴ Denise’s investment is $3000.
(b) Suppose David deposits the money for t months.
 t  17. Let $P be the principal which Mr Wong borrowed.
84 320  68 000  1  8%   Number of quarters in one year  1 4
 12 
t 4
1  8%   1.24 22%
12 Interest rate for quarter 
t 4
8%   0.24  5.5%
12
t ∴ 12 000  P  (1  5.5%) 4  P
3
12 12 000  P(1.0554  1)
t  36 P  12 000  (1.0554  1)
∴ It will take 36 months for David to get an
 50 246 (cor. to the nearest integer)
amount of $84 320.
∴ Mr Wong borrowed $50 246 from the bank.
14. (a) Simple interest  $35 000  7%  2
18. Rates for a year  $76 000  5%
 $4900
 $3800
Rates payable per quarter  $3800  4
(b) Amount  $35 000  (1  7%) 2
 $950
Compound interest
 $[35 000  (1  7%)2  35 000]
19. Property tax the owner should pay
 $5071.5  $8000  12  80%  15%
 $11 520
(c) Number of half-year periods in 2 years  2  2
4 20. Net chargeable income
Interest rate per half year 
7%  $150 000
2  $(40 000  40 000  40 000  30 000)
 3.5%
Salaries
Amount  $35 000  (1  3.5%) 4 Net chargeable income Tax rate
tax
Compound interest
On the first $40 000 2% $800
 $[35 000  (1  3.5%)4  35 000]
On the next $40 000 7% $2800
 $5163 (cor. to the nearest integer) On the next $40 000 12% $4800
Remainder $30 000 17% $5100
2.4% ∴ Mr Ho’s salaries tax payable
15. (a) Interest rate per month 
12  $(800  2800  4800  5100)
 0.2%  $13 500
Amount  $290 000  (1  0.2%) 9
Compound interest 21. Net chargeable income
 $[290 000  (1  0.2%)9  290 000]  $(484 000  228 000)
 $5262 (cor. to the nearest integer)  $256 000
 $(40 000  40 000  40 000  136 000)
1 Salaries
(b) Number of quarters in one and a half years  1  4 Net chargeable income Tax rate
2 tax
6 On the first $40 000 2% $800
2.4% On the next $40 000 7% $2800
Interest rate per quarter 
4 On the next $40 000 12% $4800
 0.6% Remainder $136 000 17% $23 120
Amount  $290 000  (1  0.6%) 6 ∴ Mr Wong’s salaries tax payable
Compound interest  $(800  2800  4800  23 120)
 $[290 000  (1  0.6%)6  290 000]  $31 520
 $10 598 (cor. to the nearest integer)

55
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Level 2 27. Let N be the number.

22. Let $C be the amount that Tommy paid for the camera. N  (1  x%)  (1  25%)  (1  25%)  N
 100%  43.75%
C  (1  5.5%)3  3376 N
C  3376  (1  5.5%)3 (1  x%)  1.25  0.75  1
 0.4375
 3376  0.9453 1
0.9375(1  x%)  1  0.4375
 4000 (cor. to the nearest integer)
0.9375(1  x%)  0.5625
∴ Tommy paid $4000 for the camera.
1  x%  0.6
23. (a) Let $P be the profit earned in 2009. x%  0.4
P  (1  0.5%)3  430 000 x  40
P  430 000  (1  0.5%)3
 430 000  1.0053 28. Let b, h and x% be the length of base, height and
percentage change in the height of the triangle
 424 000 respectively.
(cor. to the nearest thousand) bh
Original area of the triangle 
∴ The profit earned in 2009 was $424 000. 2
New base of the triangle  b  (1  60%)
(b) Profit earned in 2014  1.6b
 $430 000  (1  1%) 2 New height of the triangle  h  (1  x%)
 $430 000  0.99 2 1.6b  h  (1  x%) bh

 $421 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand) 2 2
1.6bh  (1  x%)  bh
1  x%  0.625
24. (a) 400  (1  r %) 2  1764
x%  0.375
(1  r %) 2  4.41
x  37.5
1  r %  2.1 ∴ The percentage change in the height of the triangle
r %  1 .1 is –37.5%.
r  110
29. Let C be the cost of the product.
Then, the material cost, the labour cost and the advertising
(b) Number of micro-organism four weeks later cost are 0.15C, 0.35C and 1 – 0.15C – 0.35C = 0.5C
 1764  (1  110%) 4 respectively.
Material cost this year  0.15C  (1  10%)
 1764  2.14
 34 306 (cor. to the nearest integer)  0.15C 1.1
 0.165C
Labour cost this year  0.35C  (1  20%)
25. Let V be the original value of the machine.
After 3 years, its value  V  (1  16%) 3  0.592 704V  0.35C  1.2
 0.42C
After 4 years, its value  V  (1  16%) 4  0.4979V
Advertising cost this year  0.5C  (1  30%)
∴ The factory bought the machine in 2010.
 0.5C  0.7
26. Let n and $P be the number of audience and the price of  0.35C
the tickets last year respectively. Overall cost of the product this year
Total amount of money raised last year  $Pn  0.165C  0.42C  0.35C
Number of audience this year  n  (1  20%)  0.935C
 1.2n C
Price of the tickets this year  $ P  (1  10%) ∴ The production manager’s claim is incorrect.
 $0.9 P
30. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate.
Total amount of money raised this year  $0.9 P 1.2n
79 550  74 000  (1  r %  0.5)
 $1.08Pn
1  r %  0.5  1.075
Percentage change in the total amount of money raised
1.08Pn  Pn r %  0.15
 100% r  15
Pn
0.08Pn ∴ The annual interest rate is 15%.
 100%
Pn
(b) Number of months in half year  0.5  12
  8%
6
15%
Interest rate per month 
12
 1.25%

56
 3 Percentages (II)

Amount  $74 000  (1  1.25%) 6 Amount received from plan B

Additional interest received  $50 000  (1  5%  1)  (1  0.25%)24
 $[74 000  (1  1.25%)6  79 550]  $55 742 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
 $176 (cor. to the nearest integer)
(b) Mrs Wong should choose plan A to earn more
interest.
31. Let $P be the principal that Michael deposits in the bank.
P  (7%  5%)  3  1500
34. (a) Let r% be the annual interest rate.
0.06P  1500 1.1P  P  (1  r %  2)
P  25 000 1  r %  2  1.1
∴ Michael deposits $25 000 in the bank.
r %  0.05
32. (a) For Bank A, r 5
number of quarters in one year  1  4 ∴ The annual interest rate is 5%.
4
(b) Let r% be the annual interest rate.
4%
interest rate per quarter  1.1P  P  (1  r %)2
4
 1% (1  r %)2  1.1
For Bank B, 1  r %  1.048 81
number of months in one year  1  12 r %  0.048 81
 12 r  4.88 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
6% ∴ The annual interest rate is 4.88%.
interest rate per month 
12
 0.5% 35. Rates for a year in 2008  $5200  4
Total interest that Linda has to pay in the first year  $20 800
 ${[6500  (1  1%) 4  6500]  Let $R be the rateable value of the flat in 2008.
[4000  (1  0.5%)12  4000]} 20 800  R  5%
 $511 (cor. to the nearest dollar) R  416 000
Annual rates in 2014
(b) For Bank A,  $416 000  (1  2.5%)6  5%
number of quarters in two years  2  4  $24 122 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
8 Alternative Solution
For Bank B, Rates for a year in 2008  $5200  4
number of months in two years  2  12
 $20 800
 24 Annual rates in 2014
Total interest that Linda has to pay in the second year
 $20 800  (1  2.5%)6
 ${[6500  (1  1%)8  6500] 
 $24 122 (cor. to the nearest dollar)
[4000  (1  0.5%) 24  4000]} 
{[6500  (1  1%) 4  6500]  36.
[4000  (1  0.5%)12  4000]} Salaries
Net chargeable income Tax rate
 $537 (cor. to the nearest dollar) tax
On the first $40 000 2% $800
33. (a) (i) Number of half-year periods in 3 years  3  2 On the next $40 000 7% $2800
6 On the next $40 000 12% $4800
5% The salaries tax for net chargeable income $80 000 and
Interest rate per half year  $120 000 are $3600 and $8400 respectively.
2 ∴ Miss Lee’s net chargeable income is more than
 2.5% $80 000 but less than $120 000.
Amount received from plan A Let $(80 000 + x) be Miss Lee’s net chargeable income.
 $50 000  (1  2.5%)6 Salaries
 $57 985 (cor. to the nearest dollar) Net chargeable income Tax rate
tax
On the first $40 000 2% $800
(ii) Number of months in 2 years  2  12 On the next $40 000 7% $2800
 24 On the next $x 12% $0.12x
3% 800  2800  0.12 x  4500
Interest rate per month 
12 0.12 x  900
 0.25% x  7500
∴ Miss Lee’s net chargeable income  $(80 000  7500)
 $87 500

57
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

37. Net chargeable income last year New total surface area of the cuboid
 $(420 000  150 000)  (1.5x  0.5625x  2)  (1.5x  0.5625x)  2  0.5 x
 $270 000  3.75x 2
 $(40 000  40 000  40 000  150 000) Percentage change in the cuboid’s total surface area
3.75 x 2  3.6875x 2
Salaries   100%
Net chargeable income Tax rate 3.75x 2
tax
  1.7% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
On the first $40 000 2% $800
On the next $40 000 7% $2800 Alternative Solution
On the next $40 000 12% $4800 Let 8y, 6y and 5y be the length, the width and the height of
the cuboid respectively.
Remainder $150 000 17% $25 500 Original total surface area of the cuboid
Miss Ma’s salaries tax payable last year
 (8 y  6 y )  2  5 y  8 y  6 y  2
 $(800  2800  4800  25 500)
 140 y 2  96 y 2
 $33 900
Annual income in this year  $420 000  (1  6%)  236 y 2
 $420 000  1.06 New length  8 y  (1  50%)
 $445 200  8 y  1 .5
Net chargeable income in this year  12 y
 $(445 200  150 000) New width 6 y  (1  25%)

 $295 200  6 y  0.75
 $(40 000  40 000  40 000  175 200)  4.5 y
Salaries New height  5 y  (1  20%)
Net chargeable income Tax rate
tax  5 y  0.8
On the first $40 000 2% $800  4y
On the next $40 000 7% $2800 New total surface area of the cuboid
On the next $40 000 12% $4800  (12 y  4.5 y )  2  4 y  12 y  4.5 y  2
Remainder $175 200 17% $29 784  132 y 2  108 y 2
Miss Ma’s salaries tax payable this year
 240 y 2
 $(800  2800  4800  29 784)
Percentage change in the cuboid’s total surface area
 $38 184
240 y 2  236 y 2
Percentage change in her salaries tax payable   100%
38 184  33 900 236 y 2
  100%   1.7% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
33 900
  12.6% (cor. to 1 d.p.)
39. (a) (i) Length of T3  x  (1  10%)2 cm
38. Let x be the length of the cuboid.  x  0.9 2 cm
length 8 length 8
 and   0.81x cm
width 6 height 5
x 4 x 8 Width of T3  y  (1  10%)2 cm
 
width 3 height 5  y  0.9 2 cm
3 5  0.81y cm
width  x height  x
4 8
Original total surface area of the cuboid
(ii) Area of T1  xy cm 2
 3   3  5
  x  x  2   x  x   2  x Area of T3  0.81x  0.81y cm 2  0.6561xy cm 2
 4   4  8
Percentage change in the area
 3.6875x 2 0.6561xy  xy
New length  x  (1  50%)   100%
xy
 x 1.5
  34.39%
 1.5 x
3
New width  x  (1  25%) (b) (i) Length of Tn  x  (1  10%)n 1 cm
4
3  0.9n 1 x cm
 x  0.75
4
 0.5625x
Width of Tn  y  (1  10%)n 1 cm
5
New height  x  (1  20%)  0.9n 1 y cm
8
5
 x  0 .8
8
 0 .5 x
58
 3 Percentages (II)

(ii) Area of Tn  0.9n 1 x  0.9n 1 y cm2 Mrs Chan’s monthly income this year
n 1  $8000  (1  5%)
 0.81 xy cm 2

 $8000  1.05
 $8400
0.81n 1 xy  xy
(iii)  100%  19% Their combined monthly income this year
xy  $(13 200  8400)
0.81n 1  1  0.19  $21 600
0.81n 1  0.81 Percentage increase in their combined monthly income
21 600  20 000
n 1  1   100%
20 000
n2
 8%

40. Let x% and y% be the percentages of alcohol in solutions

A and B respectively. 4. Answer: A
Alcohol content in mixture P  40% Let n be the number of cars produced in 2012.
n  (1  3%) 2  95 481
3 2
x%   y %   40% n  95 481  (1  3%) 2
5 5
3x 2 y  95 481  1.032
  40
5 5  90 000
3 x  2 y  200  (1) ∴ 90 000 cars were produced in 2012.
Alcohol content in mixture Q  32%
1 2 5. Answer: A
x%   y %   32% Value of the vase one year later  $1800  (1  10%) 2
3 3
x 2y  $1800  0.9 2
  32
3 3  $1458
x  2 y  96  ( 2)
(1)  (2): 6. Answer: B
2 x  104 Interest payable after 3 years  $6000  2.5%  3
x  52  $450
By substituting x  52 into (2), we have
52  2 y  96
2 y  44 7. Answer: D
6
y  22 900  20 000  r % 
12
∴ The percentages of alcohol in solutions A and B are
100r  900
52% and 22% respectively.
r 9
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 3.52)
1. Answer: C 8. Answer: D
Number of quarters in 5 years  5  4
2. Answer: C  20
Let y be the original length of a side of the square. r%
Original area of the square  y 2 Interest rate per quarter 
4
New length of a side  y  (1  15%) Amount $A received by Nancy
 0.85 y  r% 
20

 $ P  1  
New area of the square  (0.85 y ) 2  4 
 0.7225 y 2
0.7225 y 2  y 2 9. Answer: B
Percentage change in its area   100%
y2 Number of half-year periods in one year  1  2
  27.75% 2
4%
Interest rate per half year 
2
3. Answer: C
Their combined monthly income last year  2%
 $(12 000  8000) 156 060  P  (1  2%) 2
 $20 000 156 060  P  1.02 2
Mr Chan’s monthly income this year P  156 060  1.02 2
 $12 000  (1  10%)  150 000
 $12 000  1.1
 $13 200

59
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

10. Answer: A 4. (a) Let $f be the original fare of the bus route.
Net chargeable income Tax rate Salaries tax Original revenue  $2500 f
On the first $8200 2% $164 New revenue  $2300  (1  10%) f
Mr Ho’s salaries tax payable  $164  $2300  1.1 f
 $2530 f
Exam Corner Percentage change in revenue
2530 f  2500 f
 100%
Exam-type Questions (p. 3.55) 2500 f
30 f
 100%
1. (a) Betty’s score  700  (1  10%) 2500 f
 700  0.9   1.2%
 630
Ada’s score  630  (1  10%)
(b) New revenue with further increase in bus fare
 630 1.1  $2100  [(1  10%)  (1  10%) f ]
 693  $2100 1.21 f
∴ The scores of Ada and Carmen are not the same.
 $2541 f
 $2500 f
700  630
(b) The required percentage  100% ∴ The bus driver’s claim is correct.
630
70
 100% 5. (a) Number of months in 6 years  6  12
630
1  72
 11 % 5%
9 Interest rate per month 
12
72
 5 
2. (a) 500 000  (1  r %) 2  583 200 Amount  $6000  1  % 
 12 
(1  r %) 2  1.1664
Interest earned after 6 years
1  r %  1.08
  5 
72

r %  0.08  $6000  1  %   6000
  12  
r 8
 $2094 (cor. to the nearest dollar)

(b) Waste produced in 2018

72
 583 200  (1  8%)5 tonnes  5 
(b) 6000  r %  6  6000  1  %   6000
 583 200  1.085 tonnes  12 
72
 856 912 tonnes (cor. to the nearest tonne)  5 
r %  6  1  %   1
 850 000 tonnes  12 
∴ The expert’s claim is correct. 72
 5 
1  %   1
r%   12 
3. (a) Value of the car after 5 years
6
 $580 000  (1  12%)5 r  5.82 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 $580 000  0.885
 $306 085 (cor. to the nearest dollar) 6. (a) Net chargeable income
 $(322 000  172 000)
(b) Let $V be the value of the car four years ago.  $150 000
V  (1  12%) 4  580 000  $(30 000  30 000  30 000  60 000)
V  580 000  (1  12%) 4 Salaries
Net chargeable income Tax rate
 580 000  0.88 4 tax
 967 158 (cor. to the nearest integer) On the first $30 000 3% $900
 1 000 000 On the next $30 000 10% $3000
∴ The car owner’s claim is incorrect. On the next $30 000 17% $5100
Remainder $60 000 24% $14 400
Ann’s salaries tax payable
 $(900  3000  5100  14 400)
 $23 400

60
 3 Percentages (II)

(b) Net chargeable income

 $(1 300 000  156 000)
 $1144 000
 $(30 000  30 000  30 000  1 054 000)
Salaries
Net chargeable income Tax rate
tax
On the first $30 000 3% $900
On the next $30 000 10% $3000
On the next $30 000 17% $5100
Remainder $1 054 000 24% $252 960
David’s salaries tax payable
 $(900  3000  5100  252 960)
 $261 960
David’s total income  20%
 $1 300 000  20%
 $260 000
∴ David needs to pay $260 000.

61