Table Of Contents, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities Manufacturing, Distribution and Marketing Department API STANDARD 1104 EIGHTEENTH EDITION, MAY 1994 ‘American Petroleum InstituteAPI-AGA JOINT COMMITTEE ON OIL AND. GAS PIPELINE FIELD WELDING PRACTICES E.L. Von Rosenberg, Chairman Dale Wilson, Vice-Chairman Fronk R. Orr, Secretary American Petroleum Institute John McCarron, Chatles P. Reyer E.L. Von Roseberg ale Wilson American Gas Association Marshall L. Farley Alan C. Holk FrankR Or Rodney Reed American Society for Nondestructive Testing David L. Culbertson Jack N. Gibbs. ‘Scott M. Metzger William R. Tignor American Welding Society W.L. Rallis George K. Hickox George K. Sosnin Robert R. Wright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Jerry E. Hinkel Pipe Manufacturers Frank M. Christensen Walter F. Domis Martin A. Francis Gerald 1. Roe Frank E. Everett, IL R Pendarvis H. Charles Pric R David Sheebaa, Jr Members Emeritus M. Jordan Hunter IT. WootanFOREWORD This standard was prepared by a formulating committee that included representatives of the American Petroleum Institue, the American Gas Association, the Pipe Line Contractors Association, the American Welding Society, and the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, as well as representatives of pipe manufacturers and individuals associated with related industries. ‘The purpose of this standard is to present methods for the production of high-quality welds through the use of qualified welders using approved welding procedures, materials, and equipment. Its purpose is also to present methods for the production of high-quality radiographs to ensure the proper analysis, of welding quality through the use of qualified technicians, approved methods, and equipment. ‘The use of this standard is entirely voluntary and is intended to apply to welding of piping used in the compression, pumping, and transmission of crude petroleum, petroleum products, and fuel gases and, where applicable, to distribution systems, This standard represents the combined efforts of many engineers who are responsible for the design, construction, and operation of oil and gas pipelines, and the committee appreciatively acknowledges their wholehearted and valuable assistance. From time to time, revisions of this standard will be necessary to keep cusrent with technological developments. The committee is always anxious to improve this standard and will give fall consideration to all comments received, ‘An appeal of any APT standards action by an interested party shall be directed to the APT. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so, Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them: however, the Iastiture makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly diselaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the ‘violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Manufacturing, Distribution and Marketing Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, ATTENTION USERS; Portions of this standard have been changed from the previous edition. The locations of changes have been marked with a bar in the margin, as shown to the left of this paragraph. In some cases, the changes are significant, while in other cases the changes reflect minor editorial adjustments, The bar notations are provided ac an aid to users as to those parts of the standard that have been changed from the previous edition, but APT makes no warranty as to the accuracy of such barSPECIAL NOTES 1, API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. 2, APL IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANU- FACTURES, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS, 3. INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET. 4, NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTURE SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETTERS PATENT. 5. GENERALLY, API STANDARDS ARE REVIEWED AND REVISED, REAFFIRMED OR WITHDRAWN AT LEAST EVERY FIVE YEARS. SOMETIMES A ONETIME EXTENSION OF UP TO TWO YEARS WILL BE ADDED TO THIS REVIEW CYCLE. THIS PUBLICATION WILL NO LONGER BE IN EFFECT FIVE YEARS AFTER ITS PUBLICATION DATE AS AN OPERATIVE API STANDARD OR, WHERE AN EXTENSION HAS BEEN GRANTED, UPON REPUBLICATION. 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A CATALOG OF API PUBLICATIONS AND MATERIALS IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED QUARTERLY BY API, 1220 L STREET, NiW,, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005,CONTENTS SECTION 1-GENERAL, 1.1 Scope 1.2 Definition of Terms 1.2.1 General 1.22 Definitions 13 Referenced Publications 1.4 Equipment 15 Materials 1.5.1 Pipe and Fittings 1.522 Filler Metal 1.53 Shielding Gases SECTION 2-QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES FOR WELDS CONTAINING FILLER METAL ADDITIVES Procedure Qualification Record ns 3 Provedure Specification BAL GeNeFal enn 3.2 Specification Information .. 4 Essential Variables 4.1 General 42 Changes Requiring Requaiification Welding of Test Joints-Butt Welds 6 Testing of Welded Joints-Butt Welds 26.1 Preparation 2.62 Tensile-Strength Test 2.7 Welding of Test Joints-Fillet Welds 2.8 Testing of Welded Joints-Fillet Welds 28.1 Preparation 2.8.2 Method «0. 2.8.3 Requirements, SECTION 3-QUALIFICATION OF WELDERS 3.1 General 3.2 Single Qualification 3.2.1 General 3.22 Scope 3.3 Multiple Qualification 3.3.1 General 3.5.2 Tensile-Strenath, Nick-Break, and Bend Test Procedures for Butt Welds 3.5.3 Tensile-Strenath Test Requirements for Butt Welds 3.54 Nick-Break Test Requirements for Butt Welds 1 1 1 1 3 16 16 16 7 17 17 17 19 19 19 19 19 193.5.5 Bend Test Requirements for Bult Welds 3.5.6 Sampling of Test Fillet Welds 3.5.7 Test Method and Requirements for Fillet Welds 3.6 Radiography-Butt Welds Only 3.6.1 General 3.6.2 Inspection Requirements 3.7 Retesiing sa . 3.8 Records SECTION 4-DESIGN AND PREPARATION OF A JOINT FOR PRODUCTION WELDING 4.1 General 42 Alignment... ns 43 Use of Lineup Clamp for Bult Welds 44 Bevel 44.1 Mill Bevel 44.2 Field Bevel 4.5 Weather Conditions. 46 Clearance 47 Cleaning Between Beads 49.1 Alignment... 4.9.2 Filler and Finish Beads ... 4.10 Identification of Welds... 4.11, Pre- and Post-Heat Treatment SECTION $-INSPECTION AND TESTING OF PRODUCTION WELDS 5.1 Rights of Inspection, 5.2 Methods of Inspection ... 3.3 Qualffcation of Inspaction Personnel 5 Gotieain ol Nondestucive Testng Personnel 5.4.1 Procedures . 54.2 Record SECTION 6-ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 6.1 GONCIAL rnsnen 6.2 Rights of Rejection 6.3 Radiographic Testing ...... 63.1 Inadequate Penetration 63.2 Inadequate Penetration Due to High-Low 63.3 Incomplete Fusion 63.4 Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap 63.5 Internal Concavity 63.6 Bumn-Through 63.7 Slag Inclusions 63.8 POLOSIEY sone 63.9 Cracks . 63.10 Undercutting . os 63.11 Accumulation of Discontinuities .. 6.3.12 Pipe or Fitting Discontinuities6.4 Magnetic Particle Testing 64.1 Classification of Indications 6.4.2 Acceptance Standards... 6.4.3 Pipe ot Fitting Discontinuities 65 Liquid Penetrant Testing 6.5.1 Classification of Indications 6.5.2 Acceptance Standards... 6.5.3 Pipe ot Fitting Discontinuities 6 Ultrasonic Testing 66.1 Acceptance Standards . 6.6.2 Linear Indications 6.6.3 Pipe of Fitting Discontinuities 7 Visual Accepiance Standards for Undereutting ... 67.1 General 6.7.2 Acceptance Standards SECTION 7-REPAIR AND REMOVAL OF DEFECTS 7.1 Defects Other Than Cracks 7.1.1 Authorization for Repair 7.1.2 Removal and Preparation for Repair 7.13 Testing of Repairs « 72 Authorization and Procedure for Repair of Cracks SECTION 8 PROCEDURES FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 8.1 Radiographic Test Methods 8.11 General 8.1.2 Details of Procedure 8.13 Exposure Geometry 8.1.4 Type of Penetrameters 8.15 Selection of Penetrameters 8.16 Placement of Penetrameters 8.1.7 Production Radiography 8.1.8 Identification of Images. 8.1.9 Storage of Film and Other Imaging Media... 8.1.10 Film Density . 8.1.11 Image Processing 8.1.12 Image Processing Area 8.1.13 Radiation Protection .... 8.2 Magnetic Particle Test Method 8.3 Liquid Penetrant Test Method . 84 Ultrasonic Test Method SECTION 9-AUTOMATIC WELDING 9.1 Acceptable Processes 9.2 Procedure Qualification, 9.3 Record 9.4 Procedure Specification 94.1 General... 9.4.2 Specification Information 9.5 Essential Variables 95.1 General. 9.5.2 Changes Requiring Requalification un 9.6 Qualification of Welding Equipment and Operators . 9.7 Records of Qualified Operators: sen 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 2 2 33 3 33 33 35 35 35 38 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 a7 a7 7 38 38