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 A recently finished activity
I’ve been running. That’s why I look hot.
A repeated activity
I ’ve been taking French lessons this year.

• Contrast with the present perfect simple

There may be little contrast when some state verbs are used.
How long have you lived here?
How long have you been living here?
Some verbs (especially sit, lie, wait and stay) are more often used in the
continuous form.
There may be a contrast between completion and incompletion, especially if the
number of items completed is mentioned.
Completed: emphasis on achievement
I’ve ironed five shirts.
Incomplete, or recently completed: emphasis on duration
I’ve been ironing my shirts.

Time expressions with the present perfect

• The use of present perfect verb forms is often associated with certain
time expressions.
Past simple: referring to a specific finished time.
yesterday, last week, on Sunday
Present perfect: with ‘indefinite’ time expressions meaning ‘up to now’.
since 1968, already•

• Other time expressions are not associated with a specific verb form, since they can
refer both to finished time or time up to the present, depending on the speaker’s
perspective.
I haven’t seen Helen recently.
I saw Jim recently.
Other examples:
Sue lived in France for two years, (finished)
Jim has been working here for three months, (unfinished)
What did you do today? (unfinished)
What have you done so fa r today? (unfinished)
Peter never knew his father, (finished)
I ’ve never eaten Japanese food, (unfinished)

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1 Underline the correct verb form to complete each sentence.
1 I can’t believe it, Inspector. You mean that Smith stole / has stolen / has been
stealing money from the till all this time?
2 You three boys look very guilty! What did you do / have you done / have you been
doing since I left / have left the room?
3 Why on earth didn’t you tell / haven’t you told me about that loose floorboard?
I tripped / have tripped over it just now and hurt myself.
4 It’s a long time since I saw / have seen / have been seeing your brother Paul. What
did he do / has he done / has he been doing lately?
5 I can’t believe that you ate / have eaten / have been eating three pizzas already!
I only brought / have only brought them in fifteen minutes ago!
6 Don’t forget that you didn’t see / haven’t seen Mrs Dawson. She has waited / has
been waiting outside since 10.30.
7 What did you think / have you thought of Brighton? Did you stay / Have you stayed
there long?
8 I feel really tired. I weeded / have weeded / have been weeding the garden for the
last three hours and I didn’t rest / haven’t rested for a single moment.
9 I’m having problems with Adam. He has called / has been calling me up in the
middle of the night and told / telling me his troubles.
10 How long did you have / have you had / have you been having driving lessons? And
did you take / have you taken / have you been taking your test yet?

2 Decide how many different endings (a-j) you can match to each sentence 1-10.
The sentences you make must be grammatically correct and meaningful.
1 I haven’t been feeling very w ell... a time and time again.
2 I went to the dentist’s .............. b all my life.
3 I’ve lived h ere.............. c so far.
4 Don’t worry. I haven’t been w aiting.............. d for the time being.
5 I’ve written two p ages.............. e for the past hour or two.
6 I waited outside your h ouse.............. f yet.
7 I’ve warned you about th is.............. g till half past eight.
8 I haven’t made a decision.............. h for a while.
9 The repair worked .............. i the other day.
10 I’ve decided to believe y o u .............. j long.

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 3 C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w ith th e b e s t p e r f e c t o r p a s t t e n s e fo r m o f t h e v e r b s
in b r a c k e ts .

1 So far we (not / notice) ...MfOffiWs'.fe.ttsPtkftSfil....... anything unusual, but

we (not / p a y )...................................... very close attention.
2 I’m sorry I (not / com e)....................................... to class lately.
3 I (w ork)....................................... late in the evenings for the past fortnight.
4 I wonder if Jill (reach)....................................... home yet? She (leave)
....................................... too late to catch the bus.
5 Here is the news. The Home Office (announce).......................................that the
two prisoners who (escape)....................................... from Dartmoor prison earlier
this morning (give themselves u p )....................................... to local police.
6 (you / make u p )....................................... your minds? What (you / decide)
....................................... to do?
7 Harry (leave)....................................... home rather suddenly and we (not / hear)
....................................... from him since.
8 Recent research (show )....................................... that Columbus (not / discover)
....................................... America, but that Vikings (lan d)........................................
there five hundred years before him.
9 I think that people (becom e)....................................... tired of the poor quality of
television programmes, though they (im prove).......................................lately.
10 (something / happen)....................................... to the phone lines? I (try)
....................................... to get through to Glasgow for the past hour.
11 Bill (get)....................................... that new job, but he (complain)
....................................... about it ever since.

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4 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
1 This has been my home for thirty years.
LIVED
I ..................................................... for thirty years.
2 Eating Korean food is new to me.
NEVER
I ............................................................................................................................... before.
3 Tony hasn’t been to Paris before.
FIRST
It’s .......................................................................................................................... to Paris.
4 We haven’t been swimming for ages.
SINCE
It’s ..................................................................................................................... swimming.
5 Jess started learning French five years ago.
HAS
Je ss................................................................................................................... five years.
6 I am on the tenth page of this letter I am writing.
TEN
So far I ........................................................................................................... of this letter.
7 It’s over twenty years since they got married.
FOR
They have........................................................................................... than twenty years.
8 The last time I saw Toby was in 2007.
SEEN
I haven’t ...................................................................................................................... 2007.
9 There is a definite improvement in your work.
HAS
Lately.................................................................................................................. improved.
10 This is my second visit to Hungary.
VISITED
This is th e ............................................................................................................ Hungary.

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 5 U n d e r lin e t h e c o r r e c t v e r b fo r m to c o m p le t e e a c h s e n t e n c e .

1 The price of petrol has risen / has been rising by 15% over the past year.
2 No wonder you are overweight! You have eaten / have been eating chocolates all
day long!
3 I ’ve read / I ’ve been reading a really good book this morning.
4 Doesn’t this room look better? I ’ve put / I ’ve been putting some posters up on
the walls.
5 Don’t disappoint me! I ’ve counted / I ’ve been counting on you.
6 Don’t forget your pill. Have you taken it? / Have you been taking it?
7 Who has worn / has been wearing my scarf?
8 I think there’s something wrong with your motorbike. It’s made / It’s been making
some very funny noises.
9 Jack has asked / has been asking for a pay rise three times this year.
10 I ’ve been phoning / I ’ve phoned Ann all evening, but there’s no reply.

6 C o m p le t e th e t e x t w ith th e p a s t s im p le , p r e s e n t p e r fe c t s im p le o r p re s e n t
p e r f e c t c o n t in u o u s fo r m o f t h e v e r b s in b ra c k e t s .

Three weeks ago I (1) ..^pytd.......... (move) to London, full of enthusiasm, to

start a new job, but ever since I ( 2 ) .......................(arrive) in the capital, I
( 3 ) .......................(wonder) whether this was the right decision. Before coming
here, I ( 4 ) .......................(hear) a lot of great things about life in London,
but since arriving I can't really say that the city ( 5 ) .......................(make) a
favourable impression on me. It's so crowded and the people are so unfriendly,
and I ( 6 ) .......................(spend) hours every day on the underground going to
and from work. You see, I ( 7 ) ....................... (grow up) in a small town in Wales
and I ( 8 ) .......................(not be) away from home before. O f course, I
( 9 ) .......................(always / want) to see the world, so when my company
( 1 0 ) ......................(offer) me a post in the London office, I ( 1 1 ) ..........................
(jump) at the chance. The problem is that now I ( 1 2 ) .......................(actually
/ start) living here, I can see that there are lots of reasons for being back in
Wales! In fact, according to a piece I ( 1 3 ) ....................... (come across) in the
paper the other day, a lot of large companies ( 1 4 ) .......................(choose) to
move away from the centre of London recently. I feel so miserable that I
( 1 5 ) ....................... (secretly / hope) my company might decide to move too,
and that I'll be able to go back to Wales.

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7 U n d e r lin e th e c o r r e c t w o rd o r p h r a s e to c o m p le t e e a c h s e n t e n c e .

1 It’s a long time since / when I last saw you.

2 I’ve seen Bill quite often lately /from time to time.
3 Have you spoken to the director beforehand / already?
4 I’ve lived in the same house for years /fo r ever.
5 I’ve read the paper now / still.
6 Jan has bought a computer two years ago / since then.
7 Nothing much has been happening by now / so far.
8 I’ve finished reading her new book at last / this evening.
9 Sue bought a CD player last week and she’s been listening to music ever since /
for a while.
10 Sorry, but I haven’t got that work finished already / yet.

8 M a tc h t h e e x p r e s s io n s ( 1 - 1 0 ) w ith t h e e x p la n a t io n s o f w h e n t h e y m ig h t b e
s a id ( a - j) .

1 Have you heard the one about... ? a Saying you don’t follow what
someone is saying.
2 I haven’t seen you for ages!......... b Having doubts about a big
decision.
3 I’ve had enough of th is!......... c Having a brilliant idea.
4 Sorry, you’ve lost m e !......... d Introducing a joke.
5 I’ve had a brainwave!......... e Declining more food.
6 It’s been one of those d ay s!......... f Spreading gossip.
7 I’ve had enough, thanks........... g Seeing an old face from the past.
8 I haven’t had a chance yet........... h Having a frustrating time, when
everything is going wrong.
9 I’ve been having second thoughts........... i Wanting to stop doing something
because it’s annoying you.
10 Oh, haven’t you heard?......... 1 Apologizing for not doing
something you said you’d do.

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