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Water Resources

Water is an essential compound for life that makes up most of the Earth's surface. Only about 3% of the Earth's water is freshwater, with 68.7% frozen in ice sheets and glaciers. The remaining freshwater exists as surface water like lakes, rivers, and wetlands (0.3%) or underground as groundwater (30.1%). Humans impact freshwater through water usage, pollution, habitat modification, and climate change. Common pollutants include organic matter, pathogens, nutrients, heavy metals, and thermal pollution. The Clean Water Act aims to protect Philippine water bodies from land-based pollution.

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Elija Vi
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22 views

Water Resources

Water is an essential compound for life that makes up most of the Earth's surface. Only about 3% of the Earth's water is freshwater, with 68.7% frozen in ice sheets and glaciers. The remaining freshwater exists as surface water like lakes, rivers, and wetlands (0.3%) or underground as groundwater (30.1%). Humans impact freshwater through water usage, pollution, habitat modification, and climate change. Common pollutants include organic matter, pathogens, nutrients, heavy metals, and thermal pollution. The Clean Water Act aims to protect Philippine water bodies from land-based pollution.

Uploaded by

Elija Vi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WATER RESOURCES

Earth Resources
WATER
Water is an amazing and irreplaceable chemical with unique properties that keep us and
other forms of life alive.
WATER

 Polar inorganic compound


 Colorless and tasteless at room temperature
 Universal Solvent
 Most abundant substance on Earth(solid,liquid,gas)
 Has a high boiling point and high heat capacity
 Amphoteric
EARTH, THE “BLUE MARBLE”

FRESHWATER RESOURCES
How much freshwater is found at the Earth’s Surface
 About 68.7% of the world’d freshwater is frozen in ice sheets and
glaciers
 Most remains inaccessible in the Arctic,Antartica,or Greenland.
 The land-based glaciers and permanent snow and ice supply
water in many countries(may be seasonally or over long time
periods.
 Surface water-about 0.3%
 Laeks,ponds,reservoirs,river,streams,wetlands
 Represent about 80% of the renewable surface water and
groundwater that is available in a given year
 Underground water-about 30.1%
 Groundwater feels springs and streams,supports wetlands,helps keep
land surface stable,and is a critical water resource.
HUMANS IMPACT ON FRESHWATER
 Two categories of water use : direct and indirect
 The water used produce or process a commodity commercial goods
or service is referred to as virtual water
 The measurement of virtual water along the full production-
consumption chain is referred to as water footprint
WATER FOOTPRINT
o SOIL MOISTURE
o FRESH WATER : SURFACE AND GROUNDER
o POLLUTED WATER
Human Impacts on Freshwater
 Sedimentation
 Habitat modification
 Pollution
 Climate Change
Organic Matter
Organic Pollution occurs when an excess of organic matter,such as
industrial wastewater and domestic sewage enters the water.
Pathogens and Microbial Contaminants
Pathogens and bacteria, virus, and other microorganism that can cause
diseases like diarrhea ,gastrointestinal illnesses, nausea, and possibly jaundice
as well as headaches and fatigue.
Nutrient Polution
Nutrient pollution is one of the most widespread,costly and challenging
environmental problems in the world today.This is caused by excess nitrogen
and phosphorus in the air and water.

EUTROPHICATION

SALINIZATION
Salinization is the increase o salt concentration in soil and is,in most
cases,caused by dissolved salts in the water supply.
ACIDIFICATION
Acidification is the process of becoming acid or being converted into an
acid.Freshwater acidification is harmful to various aquatic organisms.
HEAVY METALS
The term heavy metals refers to any metallic chemical element that has
a relatively high density and is toxic and poisonous at low concentrations.
TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND MICROORGANIC POLLUTANS
Oraganic pollution occurs when large quantities of orgnanic
compounds, which act as substrates for microorganisms, are released into
water sources.
THERMAL POLLUTION
Thermal pollution is the discharge of heated water into bodies of
water.The main contributors to thermal heat popllution are thermal or
nuclear power plants; industrial effluents such as petroleum refineries,pulp
and paper mills, chemical plants;steel mills and smelters;sewage effluents;and
biochemical activity.
SILT AND SUSPENDED PARTICLES
Sediment deposits in rivers can alter the flow of water and reduce water
depth making navigation and recreational use more difficult.
WHAT IS THE CLEAN WATER ACT?
The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004(Republic Act No.9275)aims to
protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources
(industries and commercial establishments , agriculture and
community/household activities).
HEAVY METALS
Heavy Metal Sources
Chromium(Cr) Mining,Industrial
coolants,Chromuim
salts,Manufacturing,Leather tanning
Lead (Pb) Lead acids batteries ,paints,e waste
,Smelting operations,coal based
thermal power plants ,ceramics,and
bangle industry
Mercury (Hg) Chlor-alkali plants,thermal power
plants, fluorescent lamps,hospital
waste,electrical appliances,etc.
Arsenic (As) Geogonic natural processes,smelting
operations,thermal power plants
,fuel
Copper (Cu) Mining,electroplating ,smelting
operations
Vanadium (Va) Spent catalyst ,sulfuric acid plant
Nickel (Ni) Smelting operation,themal power
plants ,battery industry
Cadmium (Cd) Zinc smelting,water
batteries,ewaste,paste sludge
,incinerations & fuel combustions
Molybdenum(Mo) Spent catalyst
Zinc (Zn) Smelting,Electroplating

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