Tutorial 4 - Mass Balance Without Chemical Reaction
1. The document provides 13 mass balance problems involving chemical and physical processes such as evaporation, distillation, and mixing. The problems cover concepts like determining composition of streams, quantity of materials needed, and percentage of components.
2. Mass balance equations are set up and solved for each problem to calculate unknown values like composition, amount of materials, or percentage of a component based on the given information and constraints in the problem.
3. The problems involve common unit operations and separation processes encountered in chemical engineering like evaporation, distillation, mixing, and drying.
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Tutorial 4 - Mass Balance Without Chemical Reaction
1. The document provides 13 mass balance problems involving chemical and physical processes such as evaporation, distillation, and mixing. The problems cover concepts like determining composition of streams, quantity of materials needed, and percentage of components.
2. Mass balance equations are set up and solved for each problem to calculate unknown values like composition, amount of materials, or percentage of a component based on the given information and constraints in the problem.
3. The problems involve common unit operations and separation processes encountered in chemical engineering like evaporation, distillation, mixing, and drying.
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Tutorial 4
Mass balance without chemical reactions
1. Are the following equations independent? Do they have a unique solution? a) x 1 + 2x 2 = 1 b) (x 1 – 1)2 + (x 2 -1)2 = 0 x 1 + 2x 2 = 3 x1 + x2 = 1 2. A multiple effect evaporator system has a capacity of processing one tonne per day of solid caustic soda when it concentrates weal liquor from 4 to 25% (by mass). When the plant is fed with 5% weak liquor and if it is concentrated to 50% (mass basis again), find the capacity of the plant in terms of solid caustic soda, assuming water evaporation capacity to be same in both cases. 3. Soybean seeds are extracted with n-hexane in batch extractors. The flaked seeds contain 18.6% oil, 69% solids, and 12.4% moisture. At the end of extraction process, de-oiled cake is separated from the hexane –oil mixture. The de-oiled cake analysis yields 0.8% oil, 87.7% solids and 11.5% moisture. Find the percentage recovery of oil. 4. A vent stream from an ethylbenzene plant has following composition: 66% H 2 , 33% CH 4 , and 1% other components (CO + C 2 H 6 + C 2 H 4 etc.). It is passed through a pressure swing adsorption unit where hydrogen is recovered as 98% pure stream with 2% CH 4 as an impurity. Recovery of H 2 is 85% at a feed pressure of 50 bar. Calculate the composition of reject stream. 5. A mixture of CuSO 4 . 5H 2 O and FeSO 4 . 7H 2 O weighs 100 g. It is heated in an oven at 105 °C to evaporate the water of hydration. The mass of mixture after removal of water is 59.78 g. Calculate the mass ratio of CuSO 4 to FeSO 4 in the mixture. 6. Crystals of MgCl 2 . 6H 2 O have a solubility of 190 g per 100 g ethanol at 25 °C. It is desired to make 1000 kg of saturated solution. Calculate the quantities of the crystals and ethanol required to make the above solution. Also, find the composition of the saturated solution by mass. 7. In a batch reactor, esterification of ethanol is carried out with lactic acid. Benzene is added (in small quantity) in the vessel to distil out water from the reactor, produced during the reaction. Vapour mixture from the reactor at about 100 °C contains 6.5% H 2 O, 74% C 6 H 6 and 19.5% C 2 H 5 OH by mass. Vapour passing through an overhead condenser is collected in a separator and allowed to separate in two layers at 30 °C. The top layer is analysed to contain 81% C 6 H 6 , 15.6% C 2 H 5 OH and 3.4% H 2 O while the bottom layer is analysed to contain 10% C 6 H 6 (by mass). Calculate the ratio of top layer to the bottom layer in the separator. 8. A spent lye sample obtained from a soap making unit contains 9.6% glycerol and 10.3% salt. It is concentrated at the rate of 5000 kg.h-1 in a double effect evaporator until the final solution contains 80% glycerol and 6% salt. Assume that about 4.5% glycerol is lost by entrainment. Find the evaporation taken place in the system and the amount of salt crystallized in salt box of the evaporator. 9. Slabs of building boards contain 16% moisture. They are dried to a water content of 0.5% by circulating hot air over them. The outgoing air contains 0.09 kg water vapour per kg dry air. Calculate the quantity of fresh air required per 1000 kg.h-1 net dry board. Fresh air is supplied at 28 °C and 101.325 kPa containing 0.02 kg water vapour per kg dry air. 10. A spent solution of chloroacetic acid in ether contains 20 mole% chloroacetic acid. It is desired to make 500 kg of a saturated solution at 25°C. Find the quantities of spent solution and chloroacetic acid required to make the above solution. (Solubility of chloroacetic acid in ether is 190 g/100 g ether at 25°C). 11. A mixed fertilizer, having the NPK composition 10:26:26 as %N, %P 2 O 5 and % K 2 O by mass, respectively, is to be formulated by mixing ammonia, phosphoric acid, potassium chloride and/or urea. a) If anhydrous ammonia, anhydrous phosphoric acid and pure potassium chloride are used for mixing, calculate amount of each of them for formulating 100 kg fertilizer. b) If pure urea is used instead of anhydrous ammonia, calculate the amount of urea required for formulating 100 kg fertilizer. 12. You have a tank that initially holds solution containing 40% of salt in water. i. You add 20 kg of salt to the tank and allow it to dissolve. How much salt and water do you now have in the tank? ii. Further, you withdraw 40 kg solution from the tank. How much salt and water do you now have in the tank? 13. The feed to a distillation column contains 36% benzene (by mass), the remainder being toluene. The overhead distillate is to contain 52% benzene (by mass), while the bottoms are to contain 5% benzene (by mass). Calculate the percentage of feed which leaves as distillate. 14. In a distillation column, distillate is 80% of the feed and remaining goes to bottoms. The feed contains 20% acetone and rest water. The distillate contains 20% acetone and 40% water. How much acetone is there in bottoms?
(Ebook) Dictionary of agriculture by Stephens, Alan ISBN 9781135928629, 9781579580766, 1135928622, 1579580769 - The ebook is ready for instant download and access