What is a non-state institution?

• “Non-state actors”
What is an institution? • A group of people or organization that participates in
• an organization, establishment, foundation, society, or the international affairs and relations but is not affiliated with
like, devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or any state or nation.
program, especially one of a public, educational, or charitable • Parallelism: Free flow of goods (based ‘to sa example)
character. • Practice internal sovereignty with non-state institutions.
• an organization that exists to serve a public purpose such as • Meaning of “not affiliated” in the Non-State Institution
education or support for people who need help. definition: They are freely operating but it is still monitored
Ex: Kahit sa private schools may assistance. by the government.

What is a state institution? Examples of Non-State Institutions:

• Institution that have state functions and are established to ୨୧ Banks - A financial institution or organization that
govern the state. participates in services to different types of customers.
• There is a presence of the government — A financial institution licensed to provide several financial
services to different types of customers.
Three Branches of the Government
★ Executive – Article 7 of The 1987 Constitution. Approves a Services of Banks:
certain bill. [President, Vice President, Cabinet members (alter 1. Deposit and lending functions
ego of the president)] 2. Financial Intermediation
★ Legislative – Article 6 of The 1987 Constitution.
3. Remittance/Sending of money
4. Currency Exchange
Gumagawa ng mga panukalang batas. [Congressman/woman,
5. Safety Deposit Boxes
Senators]
★ Judiciary – Article 8 of The 1987 Constitution. Interprets
Common Types of Banks
the law. • Retail Bank - Focuses on consumers or general public as its
customers.
note: Supreme Law of the Government: The welfare of the • Commercial Bank - Focuses on businesses as its main
people. clientele.
• Investment/Industrial Bank - Provide medium and long-
Examples of State Institutions: term loans and deposits to business industries.
MMDA - Metropolitan Manila Development Authority • Agricultural Bank - Provide short-term and long-term loans
PSA - Philippine Statistics Authority to facilitate agricultural activities. Landbank – benefits of
Constitutional Commission 4Ps, government employees.
• CHR - Commission on Human Rights, COA - Commission on
Audit, COMELEC – Commission on Elections, CSC - Civil ୨୧ Corporations - Organization created by a group of
Service Commission people known as the “shareholders”.
LGU’s – Local Government Units “legal person” — A corporation is mandated to enjoy the
National Government Agencies rights, privileges, and responsibilities of an individual.
• DILG - Department of the Interior and Local Government, • Using its own name, a corporation has the right to enter
DAR - Department of Agrarian Reform, DA - Department of into contracts, to hire employees, to loan and borrow money.
Agriculture, DepEd – Department of Education • It is also authorized to have its own assets.
Government Owned or Controlled Corporations • Profit-driven.
• GSIS - Government Service Insurance System (for
government employees), Pag-IBIG - Pagtutulungan Ikaw, ୨୧ Cooperatives - Association of persons united to meet
Banko, Industriya, at Gobyerno. For private and public their common economic, social and cultural needs through a
employees), NFA - National Food Authority (for agricultural jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise.
farmers ‘ata ‘to), SSS – Social Security System (Employees
from private institutions), PhilHealth.
• Exists among different industries and are composed of
different types of people, may it be farmers, consumers or
workers.
• Benefits of the members. (kagalingan ng mga miyembro)

Types of Cooperatives
౨ৎ Credit Cooperative – provide financial services to its
members.
౨ৎ Consumer Cooperative – obtains and distributes
products and commodities to its customers, both members and
non-members.
౨ৎ Producer Cooperative – aids those in the sector of
production, either agricultural or industrial.
౨ৎ Multi-Purpose Cooperative – undertake two more
functions of different cooperatives.

Trade Union/Labor Union

• An organization composed of workers or employees
from related fields, which aims to represents the
interests and rights of its members, both in the
workplace and in the society.

Types of Trade Unions

General Union – represents workers with a range of jobs and
skills, from different industries and companies.
Industrial Union – composed of workers from one particular
industry, across different level of hierarchy.
Craft Union – represents skilled workers doing the same
work who may be employed in different industries.
White-Collar Union – composed of professionals doing
similar jobs across different industries.

Advocacy Groups
• Groups that spread information in support of a cause
across borders in attempt to change international
policies and practices.
• Members can be local or transnational.

International Organization
• Refers to institutions established by three or more
states as voluntary members in order to promote
cooperation and coordination among them.
• Main feature; composed of national states or
governments.
 TESDA
Education The Technical Education and Skills Development
• It is an enlightening experience. Through education, Authority (TESDA) was established through the enactment
we are being enlightened to different things. of Republic Act No. 7796 otherwise known as the “Technical
• It is the process of receiving or giving systematic Education and Skills Development Act of 1994” which was
instruction, especially at a school or university. signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on August 25,
(Systematic instruction – hindi paiba-iba or hindi 1994. This act aims to encourage the full participation of and
nababago basta-basta) mobilize the industry, labor, local government units and
• comes from the word Educare (Latin), means “to technical-vocational institutions in the skills development of
train”, “to rear” or “bring up (a child)” the country’s human resources.
• It plays a significant role in transferring culture and • The merging of the National Manpower and Youth
social norms among members of society, in the Council (NMYC) of the Department of Labor and
process of training and various modalities of Employment (DOLE). The Bureau of Technical and
educating. [Not only Filipino culture, as well as Vocational Education (BTVE) of the Department
culture in education.] of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), and The
Apprenticeship Program of the Bureau of Local
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to Employment (BLE) of the DOLE gave birth to TESDA.
change the world.” — Nelson Mandela • DECS – DepEd before.
• The education that Nelson is referring to is a right
education. Non-formal Education
• It refers to an educational activity carried outside
“For Rizal, what appears most in his writings is that education the structure of formal education.
is the most important aspect in order to change Philippine • Example: Alternative Learning System (ALS)
society because if we change our beliefs, we change how we • According to UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
interact with one another, our nation will also change. So Scientific, and Cultural Organization), it can cover
education was very, very important for him.” — Dr. Ambeth programs contributing to adult and youth literacy
Ocampo and education for out-of-school children, as well as
• Through Rizal’s writings, it is important to have programs on life skills, work skills, and social and
liberty but also education. cultural development.

The System of Education in the Philippines The Functions of Educations and Its Importance
Formal Education • Whether formal or non-formal, education addresses
• It refers to the standardized methods of various needs of this society.
hierarchically structured and progressive schooling • Education also provides a "productive citizenry" and
that corresponds to the general notion of elementary make the "self-actualization" possible.
and secondary and tertiary level of education. • Productive citizens are necessary for the
• Only primary and secondary level is compulsory to improvement of the community.
students. • However, "self-actualization" refers to the desire
• Kinder to SHS – Administered by the Department of for self-fulfillment or the tendency of human to
Education (DepEd) become actualized in what he is potentially;
• Elementary Level – composed of kindergarten and • Education takes a vital part to achieve self-
6 years of primary education. actualization.
• Secondary Level – contains 4yrs of JHS and 2yrs of
SHS Functions of Education
• Tertiary Level – administered by Commission on Socialization - is an essential ingredient in creating society.
Higher Education (CHED). The actual year spent in Since school is an agent of socialization, thus, education
this level depends on the curriculum (K-12) of each helps transform human in becoming literate and recognized
course. its functions in the society.
 • Through education as a means of socialization, we Section 2, Paragraph 2,
also learn social norms, values and culture that are Establish and maintain a system of free public education in
fortified by our teachers, our textbooks, and our the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the
classmate as well. natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary
education is compulsory for all children of school age;
Transmission of Culture - Through socialization in school
(teachers to learners, learner to learner), the transmission of ౨ৎ The right to education is fundamental. It is non-
culture is at the highest possible. discriminatory. Everyone has the right to education,
• Through education, human learn the values, beliefs, regardless of race, ethnicity, social origin, gender, political
and social norms of their culture (enculturation) preferences or disability.
౨ৎ It stimulates independence and concession to produce
Social Integration - As the saying goes "nations are built significant development benefits.
because of education," this is because education portrays an
important role to unify individuals by teaching the common
values and social norms.

Social Placement - It could be a cliché "all other professions

rooted from teachers”, though, it is indeed the reality.
• Education provides a social placement for everyone.
• It prepares for us for the later station of our lives,
and, to buy necessities of our life. (make sense to
"productive citizenry" and "self-actualization"

Legal Provisions of Education: Education as a

Human Right
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 26
Paragraph (1) Everyone has the right to education.
Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and
fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be
made generally available and higher education shall be
equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

Paragraph (2) Education shall be directed to the full

development of the human personality and to the
strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and
shall further the activities of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.

Paragraph (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind

of education that shall be given to their children.

1987 Constitution, Article 14

Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of
all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.