Personal Data

 Name : ALFIN HIKMATUROKHMAN,ST.,MT.

 Address : Jl Kober Gg Manggis No 31 Purwokerto
 Phone : 081 327 726 034
 E-Mail : [email protected]
 FB : https://www.facebook.com/alfinh
 Website : http://telcoconsultant.net/
 Linkedin : http://www.linkedin.com/in/alfin
Formal Education
 2009 – 2011
Electrical Engineering Majoring in Telecommunication IT TELKOM Bandung, Master Degree (S2)
 2000 – 2002
Electrical Engineering Majoring in Telecommunication Gadjah Mada University (UGM) Yogyakarta,
Bachelor Degree (S1)
 1997- 2000
Electrical Engineering Majoring in Telecommunication Gadjah Mada University (UGM) Yogyakarta,
Diploma (D3)
 1994 – 1997 SMAN I Purwokerto Banyumas
 1991 –1994 SMPN 2 Ajibarang Banyumas
 1985 –1991 SD MIMA Ajibarang Banyumas
 Work Experiences

• 2013 - Now Director Fastconn Learning Center

• Sept - Dec 2015 Consultant for Joint Research Between TE Universitas Indonesia and BP3TI (Kominfo)
• 1 November 2003 – Now
TELCO TRAINER (PT Telkom, PT Huawei Services, PT Inti, PT LEN Indonesia, PT Alita Praya Mitra , PT
Moratelindo , PT Lexcorp, PT Bali Tower , Balmon Kominfo Kendari, Pens ITS , UII Yogyakarta dll)
4G Lte RF Planning for 4 Big City (Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya and Semarang)
LECTURER at STT Telematika Telkom Purwokerto and Cisco Instructure
• 2013 - 2015 Bussines Development Manager cv Berkah Sahabat for Smartfrean Project
• Juli – Nov 2013 ICT Counselor ( Depkominfo Project) ICT Pura 2013 Kab Purbalingga
• Juli – Nov 2012 ICT Counselor ( Depkominfo Project) ICT Pura 2012 Kab Banyumas
• 1 February 2011 Wireless Huawei Single RAN GSM and UMTS Trainer for Asia Pacifik Area
• 1 Juni 2010 – Now Technical Consultant &Marketing Consultant for Drive Test and Optim Project
• June - Oktober 2003 RF Optimization Engineer at PT Infocom Transmedia Utama (Samsung)
• June 2002 – June 2003 PT INDOSAT BATAM working on Technical Support and Account Executive
4G Handbook Jilid 1 & Jilid 2
Pembicara Perguruan Tinggi
Training Gallery
LTE NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
Mobile Communication Evolution
 LTE Meaning
• What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
 The evolution of radio access technology conducted by 3GPP.

• What LTE strong point?

 Flexible BW configuration:
1.4 Mhz, 3 Mhz, 5 Mhz, 10 Mhz, 15 Mhz,
20 Mhz.
 Time delay : Control plane < 100ms,
user plane < 5ms.
 Peak data rate ( BW 20 Mhz ):
100 Mbps for DL, 50 Mbps for UL.
 Lower cost due to simple system structure.
UMTS vs. LTE System Architecture

LTE becomes much more simple, lower networking cost, higher flexibility, shorter time
delay of user data (user plane) an control signaling (control plane).
LTE Architecture
LTE/SAE Network Elements
Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

HSS
eNB Mobility
Management
Entity Policy & Charging Rule
S6a Function

MME S10
X2 S7 Rx+
PCRF
S11
S1-U S5/S8 SGi
PDN
LTE-Uu Serving PDN
Evolved Node B
Gateway Gateway
LTE-UE (eNB)
SAE
Gateway
 LTE Element Function
 E-UTRAN / E-NODE B
 Function for radio resource management radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection
mobility control, dynamic allocation of resource to UEs in both uplink and downlink.
 Selection of an MME at UE attachment.
 Routing of user plane data towards serving gateway.
 Measurement & measurement reporting configuration for mobility & scheduling.

 MME (Mobility Management Entity)  P-GW (PDN Gateway)

 NAS signaling security  Per-user based packet filtering: UE IP address
allocation, UL and DL service level charging.
 AS security control
 Idle state mobility handling  S-GW (Serving Gateway)
 EPS (evolved packet system) bearer control  Packet routing and forwarding
 Support paging, Handover, authentication
LTE Radio Interface & the X2 Interface
LTE-Uu interface
(E)-RRC User PDUs .. User PDUs • Air interface of LTE
PDCP
• Based on OFDMA in DL & SC-FDMA in UL
RLC TS 36.300
• FDD & TDD duplex methods
MAC
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA) eNB • Scalable bandwidth: 1.4MHz - 20 MHz

LTE-Uu X2 interface
X2-UP
(User Plane)
• Inter eNB interface
X2-CP
(Control Plane) • X2AP: special signaling protocol (Application Part)
User PDUs • Functionalities:
X2-AP GTP-U
TS 36.423
X2 – In inter- eNB HO to facilitate Handover and
SCTP UDP TS 36.424 provide data forwarding.
TS 36.422
IP IP
– In RRM to provide e.g. load information to
TS 36.421 L1/L2 L1/L2 TS 36.421 neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference
management.
TS 36.420 – Logical interface: doesn’t need direct site-to-site
connection, i.e. can be routed via CN as well
eNB
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces
S1 interface is divided into two parts: S1-MME
(Control Plane)
S1-MME interface NAS Protocols
MME
• Control Plane interface between eNB & MME TS 36.413 S1-AP
SCTP
• S1AP:S1 Application Protocol TS 36.412
IP
• MME & UE will exchange NAS signaling via eNB through L1/L2 TS 36.411
this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)
S1-U
• S1 Flex: an eNB is allowed to connect to a maximum of (User Plane)
User PDUs
16 MME. eNB GTP-U Serving
TS 36.414
S1-U interface UDP Gateway

• User plane interface between eNB & Serving Gateway. IP

TS 36.411 L1/L2
• Pure user data interface (U=User plane)

TS 36.410
LTE4: Multi-Operator Core Network (MO-CN): An eNB can be connected simultaneously to the different Evolved
Packet Cores (EPCs) of different operators, and shared by them.
LTE UE Categories
Power Tx Power Tolerance (dB)
Class (dBm)
• All categories support 20 MHz
1 [+30]
• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except 2 [+27]
Class 5 & 8) 3 +23 +/-2 dB
• 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1 4 [+21]

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

peakrate DL/UL 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 299/75 Mbps 301/50 Mbps 301/102 Mbps 3000/1500 Mbps

RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

Modulation UL 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM

Rx diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4 2x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4 8x8
 OFDMA
and SC-FDMA
Multiple Access Technique
OFDM Frequency and Time Domains
OFDM Basics

– Transmits hundreds or even thousands of separately

modulated radio signals using orthogonal subcarriers
spread across a wideband channel
Total transmission bandwidth

15 kHz in LTE:
fixed
Orthogonality:

The peak (centre

frequency) of one
subcarrier …

…intercepts the
‘nulls’ of the
neighbouring
subcarriers

21
Advanced OFDM: OFDMA
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in OFDMA

• The transmitted power is the sum of the

powers of all the subcarriers

– Due to large number of subcarriers,

the peak to average power ratio
(PAPR) tends to have a large range

– The higher the peaks, the greater

the range of power levels over which
the power amplifier is required to
work

– Having a UE with such a PA that

works over a big range of powers
would be expensive

– Not best suited for use with mobile

(battery-powered) devices
OFDMA & SC-FDMA
LTE TDD/FDD
Frame and
Channel Type
Transmission Modes
Frequency Division Duplex
Transmission Modes
Time Division Duplex
LTE Frequency Band
LTE Radio Interface
LTE Channel Structure
FDD Radio Frame Structure

Subcarrier Spacing ∆f = 15Khz

TDD Radio Frame Structure

D = Downlink Subframe
U = Uplink Subframe
S = Special Subframe
TDD Special Subframe Structure
Special Subframe Configuration
 Radio Frame Structure
CP Configuration
Physical Channels
DL/UL Channel Mapping

http://www.sharetechnote.com/html/FullStack_LTE.html
Physical Channel

A. Downlink Channels B. Uplink Channels

 Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) : Carries system  Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) : carries
information for cell search, such as Cell ID. the random access preambles.
 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) :  Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) : Carries the
Carries the resource allocation of PCH and DL-SCH, uplink user data.
and HARQ information.  Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) : Carries
 Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) : Carries the HARQ ACK/NACK, Scheduling Request (SR), and
the downlink user data. Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), etc.
 Physical Control Format Indicator (PCFICH) : Carries
information of the OFDM symbols number used for
PDCCH.
 Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) :
Carries Hybrid ARQ ACK/NACK in response to uplink
transmission.
 Physical Multicast Channel ( PMCH) : Carries the
multicast information.
OFDMA LTE Frame (DL)
OFDMA LTE Frame (DL)
SC-FDMA LTE Frame (UL)
 LTE
Measurements
UE Measurements: RSRP & RSRQ
• RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power)
– Average of power levels (in [W]) received across all Reference Signal symbols within the considered
measurement frequency bandwidth.
– UE only takes measurements from the cell-specific Reference Signal elements of the serving cell
– If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported value shall be equivalent to the linear average of
the power values of all diversity branches
– Reporting range -44…-133 dBm

• RSRQ ( Reference Signal Received Quality)

– Defined as the ratio N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI), where N is the number of RBs of the E-UTRA carrier
RSSI measurement bandwidth. The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be made
over the same set of resource blocks
– Reporting range -3…-19.5dB
RSSI

– RSSI is internal to UE, not reported in uplink to eNB

– RSSI measures all power within the measurement bandwidth
• hence it includes thermal noise, interference and serving cell power
– Measured over those OFDM symbols that contain RS for antenna port R0

R1 R0 R1 R0

R0 R1 R0 R1

R1 R0 R1 R0

Freq
R0 R1 R0 R1

Time
OFDM symbol containing R0
Relation between RSSI and RSRP
– RSSI = wideband power= noise + serving cell power + interference power
RSSI=12*N*RSRP
– Without noise and interference, 100% DL PRB activity:

RSRP (dBm)= RSSI (dBm) -10*log (12*N)

Where:
– N is number of PRBs across the RSSI is measured and depends on the BW
– Based on the above, under 100% PRB utilization and high SNR:

Presentation / Author / Date

 Relation of RSSI and RSRP
• Impact in Cell Load
-40 60
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36

– RSSI increases about

5dB when PRB activity -50 50

increases to
100%,10MHz cell
-60 40
SCell-RSSI(Com)
– RSRP is independent SCell-RSRP(Com)

of cell load RB Num(DL)

Number of RBs
Power, dBm -70
RSRP 30

independent of
RSSI increases cell load
-80
about 5-6dB 20

-90 10

UE starts
downloading
-100 0
Time, seconds
 SINR / SNR / CINR
• Definition and Measurement
SINR = S / (I+N)
•Usually SINR=SNR=CINR unless the receiver is able to separate interference from
thermal noise
• Example: IRC receiver can separate dominant interferer from noise
• The actual measurement definition must be checked for every measurement device
• Typically UEs measure SNR from RS
• Exact measurement method uncertain, since UE chipset vendors don’t typically reveal
technical data
• Scanners measure SNR from PSS/SSS and/or RS
MIMO for LTE
MIMO Introduction
MIMO Introduction
MIMO Techniques Overview
Dynamic MIMO mode
AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding)
 Contd..

• Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

• 16QAM
• 64QAM
Questions

LTE doesn’t supports which BW sizes?

a. 1.4 MHz
b. 5 MHz
c. 20 Mhz
d. 4 Mhz
Questions

• LTE supports which RB sizes?

a. 6
b. 12
c. 15
d. 25
e. 60
f. 75
g. 90
h. 100
i. 50
Data Rate Calculation

1. Maximum channel data rate

The maximum channel data rate is calculated taking into account the total number of the available resource blocks in 1 TTI =
1ms
Max Data Rate = Number of Resource Blocks x 12 subcarriers x (14 symbols/ 1ms)
= Number of Resouce Blocks x (168 symbols/1ms)

2. Impact of the Channel Bandwith: 5, 10, 20 MHz

For BW = 5MHz -> there are 25 Resource Blocks

-> Max Data Rate = 25 x (168 symbols/1ms) = 4,2 * Msymbols/s
BW = 10MHz -> 50 Resource Blocks -> Max Data Rate = 8,4 Msymbols/s
BW = 20MHz -> 100 Resource Blocks -> Max Data Rate =16,8 Msymbols/s

3. Impact of the Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

For QPSK – 2bits/symbol; 16QAM – 4bits/symbol; 64QAM – 6 bits/symbol

QPSK: Max Data Rate = 16,8 Msymbols/s * 2bits/symbol = 33,2 Mbits/s (bandwith of 20 MHz)
16QAM: Max Data Rate = 16,8 Msymbols/s * 4 bits/symbols = 67,2 Mbits/s
64QAM: Max Data Rate = 16,8 Msymbols/s * 6 bits/symbols = 100.8 Mbits/s
Data Rate Calculation

4. Impact of the Channel Coding

Channel Coding will be discussed in chapter 6. In LTE Turbo coding of rate 1/3 will be used. The effective coding rate is
dependent on the Modulation and Coding Scheme selected by the scheduler in the eNodeB. In practice several coding rates can
be obtained. Here it is considered 1/2 and 3/4
1/2 coding rate: Max Data rate = 100,8 Mbits/s * 0,5 = 50,4 Mbits/s
3/4 coding rate: Max Data rate = 100,8 Mbits/s * 0,75 = 75,6 Mbits/s

5. Impact of MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple Output

MIMO is discussed in chapter 9. If spatial diversity it is used (2x2 MIMO) then the data rate will be doubled since the data is
sent in parallel in 2 different streams using 2 different antennas
2x2 MIMO: Max Data Rate = 75,6 Mbit/s * 2 = 151,2 Mbits/s

6. Impact of physical layer overhead and higher layers overhead

The real data rate of the user will be further reduced if the physical layer overhead is considered. Also the higher layers may
introduce overhead as shown in chapter number 2. For example IP , PDCP , RLC and MAC are introducing their own headers.
This type of overheads are not discussed here