FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DELA | —F.E.M. MANUTENTION 4.001 SECTION I SS EDITION REVISED HEAVY LIFTING APPLIANCES 1998.10.01 RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF HOISTING APPLIANCES BOOKLET 1 OBJECT AND SCOPE ‘The total 3rd Edition revised comprises booklets 1 to S and 7 to9 Copyright by FEM Section | Also available in French and GermanDocument prepared by the technical commission of FEM (European Handling Federation) Section | « Heavy lifting and handling equipment » FEM Section | Secretary Cosette DUSSAUGEY 39-44, rue Louis Blane 192400 COURBEVOIE a 92038 PARIS LA DEFENSE CEDEX Fax: 33.147 17 62.60 E-mail: Mips@wanadoo fr Document available near the following National Committees : BELGIUM FABRIMETAL Rue des Drapiers, 24 B- 1050 BRUXELLES Fax 322510 2301 CZECH REPUBLIC Association of Czechosiovak Manufacturers of Transport and Lifting Equipment SYMAS Kralovo Pole Cranes, a.s. CZ-61200 BRNO Fax : 42 057262251 DANEMARK ‘Confederation of Danish Industries DK- 1787 COPENHAGEN Fax: 45 3377 3410 DEUTSCHLAND V.D.MA. Fachgemeinschaft Fordertechnik Postfach 71 08 64 D - 60498 FRANKFURT/MAIN Fax : 49 69 66 03 14.96, ENGLAND FMCEC ‘Ambassador House Brigstock Road GB- THORNTON HEATH CR7 7JG Fax: 44 161 6656447 Espanola de Manutencion (AEM) ETSEIB- PABELLON F Diagonal, 647 E- 08028 BARCELONA Fax : 34 93 401 60 53 FRANCE MIPS 39-41. rue Louis Blanc F - 92400 COURBEVOIE Fax: 93 1 47 17 62.60 ITALIA Associazione Italiana Sistemi Sollevamento, Elevazione, Movim Vie L. Battstolti Sassi 11 4- 20133 MILANO Fax : 39 2 73973 16 LUXEMBOURG Fédération des Industiels Luxembourgeois Groupement des Constructeurs BP. 1304 L- 1013 LUXEMBOURG Fax: 352.43 23 28 NEDERLAND FME/GKT Postbus 190. NL- 2700 AD ZOETERMEER Fax: 31 79.353 13.65 NORGE Norwegian FEM Groups Federation of Norwegian Engineering Industries ‘Oscars Gate 20 / Box 7072 H N-0308 OSLO 3 Fax: 47 22 59 66 69 PORTUGAL FENAME - Federagao Nacional do Metal {ANEMM) Estrade do Pago do Lumiar Polo Tecnologico de lisboa - Lote 13 P = 1600 LISBOA Fax: 351 1715 04.03, SCHWEIZ/SUISSE/SVIZZERA Verein Schweizerischer Maschinen- Industiller (VSM) Kirchenwog 4 CH - 8032 ZURICH Fax :41 1 384 48 48 ‘suOMI Federation of Finnish Metal, Engineering ‘and Electrotechnical Industries - FIMET Etolaranta 10 P.O. BOX 10 FIN 00131 HELSINKI Fax : 358.9 624 462 SVERIGE ‘Swedish Association of Sup Mechanical Handing Equipment MHG Storgatan 5 Box 5510 '§- 114 85 STOCKHOLM Fax : 48 8 660 33 78The third edition of the "Rules for the design of hoisting appliances" dated 1987.10.01 included 8 booklets. An addition to this edition was compiled in 1998. This addition is incorporated in booklet 9, which also replaces booklet 6. This booklet forms part of the “Rules for the design of hoisting appliances” 3rd edition revised, consisting of 8 booklets : Booklet 1 - Object and scope Booklet 2 - Classification and loading on structures and mechanisms. Booklet 3 - Calculating the stresses in structures Booklet 4 - Checking for fatigue and choice of mechanism components Booklet 5 - Electrical equipment Boeklet-6—Stability-and safety against movement by the wind Booklet 7 - Safety rules Booklet 8 - Test loads and tolerances. Booklet 9 - Supplements and comments to booklets 1 to 8 NOTE: Booklet 9 must not therefore be used separately.BOOKLET OBJECT AND SCOPE CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION OBJECT OF THE RULES SCOPE LIST OF SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS Li 1 Clause Lake 12. 13. Leas 16 L6 1lke PREFACE The Rules for the Design of Hoisting Appliances set up by the Technical Committee of the Section I of the F.E.M., which have been published so far in two Editions, the first one in 1962 and the second in 1970, have been increasingly widely used in many countries ell over the world. Taking account of this enlarged audience, Section I of the FEM decided to change the format of these Design Rules and to facilite updating by abandoning the single volute form and dividing the work into @ number of separate booklets as follows + Booklet Booklet Booklet, Booklet, Booklet, Booklet Booklet, Booklet Oy aAeeUune Object and Scope Classification and loading on structures and mechanisms Calculating the stresses in the structure Checking for fatigue and choice of mechanism components Electrical equipment Stability and safety against movement by the wind Safety rules Test loads and tolerances Although not directly a part of these Design Rules, the opportunity is taken to draw attention to the nen Terminology of Section 1.INTRODUCTION To facilitate the use of these Rules by the purchasers, manufacturers and safety organizations concerned, it is necessary to give some explanation in regard to the ‘two following questions. 1. How should these Rules be applied in practice to the different types of appliance whose construction they cover ? 2. How should a purchaser use these Rules to define his requirements in relation to an appliance which he desires to order and what conditions should he specify in his enquiry to ensure that the manufacturers can submit @ proposal in accordance with his requirenents ? 1, It is necessary first to recognize the great variety of appliances covered by the Design Rules. It is obvious that a crane having very high speeds and @ repid working cycle ist not designed in the sane manner as @ small overhead crane for Infrequent duty. For such a machine there can be no question of making all the verifications which would appear to be required, fron reading through the Rules, because one would clearly finish with a volune of calculations which would be totally out of proportion to the objective in view. The manufacturer must there fore decide in each particular case which parts of the machine, which he is de~ signing, should be analysed and those for which calculation is unecessary, not because he must accept that the results for the latter would not be in accordance with the requirements of the Rules, but because on the contrary he is certain in advance that the calculations for the latter would only confirm a favourable outcone. This may be because a standard component is being used which hes been verified once and for all or because it hes been established that sone of the verifications imposed by the Rules cannot in certain cases have an unfavourable result and therefore serve no purpose. If one takes, for example, the fatigue calculations, it is very easy to see that certain verifications are unnecessary for appliences of light or moderate duty because they always lead to the conclusions that the most unfavourable cases are those resulting from checking safety in relation to the elastic Limit. ‘These considerations show that calculations made in accordance with the Rules can take a very different form according to the type of appliance which is being considered, and may in the case of a sinple machine or @ machine enbodying standard components be in the form of a brief summary without prejudicing the compliance of the machine with the principles set out by the Design Rules. 2. As far as the second question is concerned, sone explanation is first desirable for the purchaser, who may be sonewhat bewildered by the extent of the docunent ‘and confused when faced with the variety of choice which it presents, @ variety which is, however, necessary if one wishes to take account of the great diversity of problems to be resolved. atIn fact, the only important matter for the purchaser is to define the duty which he expects fron nis appliance and If possible to give sone indication of the duty of the various motions. As regards the service to be performed by the appliance, two factors must be speci- fied, ie. ¢ ~ the class of utilization, as defined in 2.1.2.2 = the load spectrum, as defined in 2.1.2.3. In order to arrive at the number of holsting cycles determining the class of utili- zation, the purchaser may, for instance, find the product of : = the nunber of hoisting cycles which the applience will have to average each day fon which it is used ; = the average nunber of days of use per year ; = the number of years after which the appliance may be considered as having to be replaced. Similarly, the load spectrun may be calculated by means of the simplified formula set out in the above mentioned paragraph. In neither case do the calculations call for a high degree of accuracy, being nore in the nature of estinates than of precise calculations. Moreover, the numbers of hoisting cycles determining the classes of utilization do not constitute quaranteed values : they are merely guide values, serving as 4 basis for the fatigue calculations ‘and corresponding to an average life which can be expected with a reasonable degree of safety, provided the appliance, designed in accordance with the present design rules, is used under the conditions specified by the customer in his call for tender ‘and also that it is operated and maintained regularly in compliance with the manu- facturer's Instructions. If he is unable to determine the class of utilization and the lead spectrum, the purchaser may confine himself to stating the group in which the appliance is to be classified. A guide as to the choice of group is provided by Table 2.1.2.5., which is not binding but gives simple examples which, by way of comparison, may facilitate selection. In the case of mechanisms, the following should also be specified : = the class of utilization, as defined in 2.1.3.2 ; = the load spectrum, as defined in 2.1.3.3. 5 ‘the sane observations apply as were made concerning the appliance as a whole. 1s.