MIL MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? What is Literacy?

- COMMUNICATION - The ability to identify, understand, interpret,

 Comes from the Latin term create, communicate, and compute using
communicare, which means “to share” printed and written materials associated with
or “to divide out”. It may also be varying contexts.
thought to originate from another Latin Literacy involves a continuum of learning in
word communis, which roughly means enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to
“working together”. develop their knowledge and potential, and to
Two types of Communication participate fully in their community and wider
society (UNESCO, 2004; 2017).
- VERBAL
 An interaction in which words are used MEDIA LITERACY
to relay a message through speech or - Highlights the capacity of an individual to
with the use of voice. understand the functions of media and
- NONVERBAL determine the relevant use and worth of media
 An interaction where behavior is used platforms. This means that an individual knows
to convey and represent meanings. how to use or manage media accounts or media
platforms.

INFORMATION LITERACY

- Is the communication or acquiring of data or

facts that relate to the use of media
information. This involves a careful and
thoughtful way of gathering information legally,
avoiding such pitfalls as violating intellectual
property rights and plagiarisms.

TECHNOLOGY LITERACY
What is Information? (What do we communicate?)
- Is the skill of an individual to manipulate
- Processed data and/or knowledge derived from technology independently or with the
study, experience, instruction, signals, or assistance of others in using the technology in
symbols. an efficient and suitable way. These skills are
needed to access knowledge and communicate
What is Media? (How do we communicate?)
information in a legal and ethical manner.
- Channels or ways we use to transmit or
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
communicate messages; communication tools
- Involves necessary skills that let a person
What is Technology? (How do we communicate?)
interact using different media platforms and get
- Applications of scientific knowledge to the access to information around the globe.
practical aims of human life or to change and
It is a “set of competencies to search, critically
manipulate the environment.
evaluate, use, and contribute information and
media content wisely; knowledge of one’s rights
online; understanding how to combat online hate
speech and cyberbullying; understanding of the
ethical issues surrounding the access and use of
information and engage with media and ICT’s to
 promote equality, free expression, INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700s – 1930s)
intercultural/interreligious dialogue, peace, etc.”
- People used the power of steam, developed
(UNESCO, 2016)
machine tools, established iron production, and
Objectives of MIL the manufacturing of various products.
 Printing press for mass production
 Give people an understanding of the
(19thcentury)
importance of media and other information
 Newspaper Production (1600s)
providers in order to:
 The London Gazette (1665s)
✓ Make informed decisions
 Typewriter (1800)
✓ Learn about the world around us
 Telegraph (1840s)
✓ Build a sense of community  Telephone (1876)
✓ Maintain public discourse, and  Motion Pictures (1890)
✓ Engage in lifelong learning.  Sound Films (1894)
 Spur citizens to become active producers of  Punch Card (1890s –1930s)
information and innovators of media and
information products, as well as critical ELECTRONIC AGE (1930s – 1980s)
thinkers. - The invention of the transistor ushered in the
 Incite people to use new and traditional media electronic age. People harnessed the power of
for self expressions, creativity and greater transistors.
participation in their country’s democracy and  Transistors Radio (1950s)
the global information network.
 Commercial Television
The Evolution of Media: From Traditional to New (early to mid 1940s)
 Large Electronic Computers
(late 1940s to early 1950s)
 EDSAC (1947)
(Electronic Delay Storage Automatic
Calculator)
 UNIVAC 1 (1951)
(UNIVersalAutomatic Computer 1)
 Mainframe Computers (1960s)
 Personal Computers (late 1960s)
 Hewlett-Packard 9100A
 Apple 1
 Overhead Projectors (OHP)
PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE (Before 1700s) (late 1950s, early 1960s)
- People discovered fire, developed paper from  LCD Projectors (mid to late 1980s)
plants, and forged weapons and tools with
INFORMATION AGE (mid 1900s – 2000s)
stone, bronze, copper and iron.
 Cave Paintings (35, 000 BC) - The Internet paved the way for faster
Pictographs and Petroglyphs communication and the creation of the social
 Papyrus in Egypt (25, 000 BC) network.
 Clay Tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)  Web Browsers
 Acta Diurnain Rome (130 BC) 1. WorldWideWeb (1990)
 Dibaoin China (2ndCentury) 2. Mosaic (1993)
 Codex in the Mayan Region 3. Internet Explorer (1995)
(5thCentury) 4. Opera (1996)
 Printing press using wood blocks 5. Safari (2003)
(220 AD) 6. Firefox (2004)
 7. Google Chrome (2008)  Mobile Phones
8. MS Edge (2015)  Wearable Technology
 Search Engines
1. Google Search (1997)
2. Yahoo Search (1995)
3. Bing (2009)
 Blogging Sites
1. Open Diary (1998)
2. Blogger (1999)
3. LiveJournal (1999)
4. Xanga (2000)
5. WordPress (2003)
 Social Network
1. SixDegrees (1997)
2. Friendster (2002)  Cloud and Big Data
3. Multiply (2004)
4. Facebook (2004)
5. LinkedIn (2003)
6. MySpace (2003)
7. Google Plus (2011)
 Microblogging Sites
1. Twitter (2006)
2. Tumblr (2007)
3. Plurk (2008)
 Photo and Video Sharing Websites
1. Flickr (2004)
2. Vimeo (2004)
3. YouTube (2005) MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES
4. Instagram (2010)
Sources of Information:
5. Snapchat (2011)
6. Vine (2012) 1. LIBRARIES
7. Pinterest (2009) 2. INDIGENOUS MEDIA
8. TikTok (2016) 3. INTERNET
 Instant Messaging and Video
Conferencing LIBRARY
1. Yahoo Messenger (1998) What is a Library?
2. Skype (2003)
3. WhatsApp (2009) - A place in which literary, musical, artistic, or
4. Viber (2010) reference materials (such as books,
5. Messenger (2011) manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for
6. Zoom (2011) use but not for sale
7. Telegram (2013) 4 Major Types of Library
8. WeChat (2011)
9. Google Meet (2017) - Academic Library
 Portable Computers  Serves colleges and universities.
1. Laptop (1981) - Public Library
2. Tablet (2000)  Serves cities and towns of all types.
3. Netbook (2007)
4. Pocket PC (2000)
 - Special Library 4. Currency
 Are in specialiazed environments, such
THINGS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING INFORMATION:
as hospitals, corporations, museums,
the military, private business, and the 1. Reliability
government. 2. Accuracy
- School Library 3. Value
 Serves students from Kindergarten to 4. Authority
Grade 12. 5. Timeliness
INDIGENOUS MEDIA Reliability of Information
What is Indigenous? - Information is said to be reliable if it can be
verified and evaluated. Others refer to the
- Native; local; originating or produced naturally
trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the
in a particular region/locality.
reliability of information.
Indigenous Knowledge
Accuracy of Information
- Knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or
- Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to
society, most often it is not written down.
the actual data. Measurement of accuracy
Indigenous Communication varies, depending on the type of information
being evaluated.
- Transmission of information through local
 Forecasts - Similar to the actual data.
channels or forms. It is a means by which the
 Financial - Values are correct.
culture is preserved, handed down and
adapted. Value of Information

Indigenous Media - Information is said to be of value if it aids the

user in making or improving decisions.
- May be defined as forms of media expression
conceptialized, produced, and circulated by Authority of the Source
indigenous peoples around the globe as vehicles
- Who authored or published the information?
for communication.
- Is the source credible?
Forms of Indigenous Media
Timeliness
1. Folk or Traditional Media
- Reliability, Accuracy, and Value of Information
2. Gatherings and Social Organizations
may vary based on the time it was produced or
3. Direct Observation
acquired. It may become irrelevant and
4. Records (written, carved, oral)
inaccurate with the passing of the time (thus
5. Oral Instruction
making it less valuable.
WHAT IS INTERNET? - Other information may be timeless, proven to
be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value
- A global computer network providing a variety
throughout history.
of information and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks using Skills in determining the Reliability of Information
standardized communication protocols.
a. Check the Author. B.
EVALUATING INFORMATION FOUND ON THE b. Check the Date of Publication or of Update. C.
INTERNET: c. Check for Citation. D.
d. Check the Domain or Owner of the site/page.
1. Authorship
o .com - commercial
2. Publishing body
o .edu - educational
3. Accuracy and Verifiability
 o .mil - military effectively in digital
o .gov - government environments.
o .org - nonprofit organization MEDIA - Newspaper, TV, Radio
broadcast, magazines and so
SKILL IN DETERMINING ACCURATE INFORMATION: on are the example of media
literacy, helps to people’s
a. Look for facts.
personal growth, social
b. Cross-reference with other source for development and choses their
consistency. lifestyle
c. Determine the reason for writing and publishing COMPUTE - Describes a preferred
the information. R knowledge of computers,
software, hardware, related
INFORMATION LITERACY
technology and the way they
What is information? work. Computer literacy
normally refers back to the
- Information is the data that has been collected, capacity to run and navigate
processed, and interpreted in order to be packages in place of being
presented in a usable form. In media world, capable of program.
information is often used to describe knowledge NETWORK - Network literacy is closely with
of specific events or situations that has been computer literacy and digital
gathered or received by communication, literacy. ability to seek, access,
intelligence, or news reports. evaluate and retrieve the
information through the world
What is literacy? wide web is network literacy.
Five Information Literacy Concepts
- The ability to identify, understand, interpret,
create, communicate, and compute using 1. Authority is Constructed and Contextual
printed and written materials associated with  Source Reliability
varying contexts.  Identify Context
 Respect Intellectual Property
INFORMATION LITERACY
2. Information Creation as a Process
- Ability to recognize when information is needed  Research, Creation, Revision, Review
and to locate, evaluate, effectively use, and and Distribution.
communicate information in its various formats. 3. Information has value
- Set of skills that help people navigate through  Commodity, Education, Influence and
information overload. Understanding the World

4 TYPES OF INFORMATION LITERACY

4. Research as inquiry
DIGITAL - Ability to find, recognized,  Trial and Error
evaluate and communicate the  Examine Information
information through the social  Ask question
media including Facebook, 5. Searching as Strategic Exploration
LinkedIn, Snap Chat, and other  Strategy and Evaluation
social websites. Digital
 Search tools and Keywords
acquirement involves over the
mere ability to use computer 5 COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION LITERACY
code or operate a digital
device, it includes an outsized IDENTIFY
style of advanced cognitive,
Example:
motor, sociological, and
emotional skills, that users  writing a Thesis Statement
want so as to perform
  Creating a timeline of plan to complete ANALYTICAL
a research paper
- Analytical information is the interpretation of
 Differentiating primary sources from
factual information.
secondary information
- Analytical information is mostly found in books
FIND and journals.

Example: SUBJECTIVE

 Locating a book in the library using its - Subjective information is information from only
call number one point of view.
 Choosing best keywords or phrases in - Opinions are subjective.
searching online or in a library database - You can find subjective information almost
anywhere factual information isn't. It is in
EVALUATE books, journals, websites and book reviews.
Examples: OBJECTIVE
 Reviewing multiple POV to construct a - Objective information is information that is
generalized opinion understood from multiple viewpoints and
 Exploring different sources of presents all sides of an argument.
information (media sources) to - Reference books are a good place to find
understand a concept objective information. Newspapers that have
APPLY balanced and fair reporting are also objective.

Example: CURRENT

 Paraphrase a quote to support an - Current information is the most up-to-date

argument. information.
 Integrate an article into a part of a - It is mostly found in;
research paper. Newspaper: published daily or weekly.
 Download a file and incorporate it in a
panel discussion Periodicals: published weekly, monthly, quarterly
and annually.
ACKNOWLEDGE
HISTORICAL
Examples:
- Historical information is from a historic time
 Creating in-text citations and period to provide a backdrop or global
bibliographies perspective for a topic.
 Understanding plagiarism - Mostly found in; History books, Artifacts, and
 Utilizing copyright, creative comments, Bible.
public domains and fair use guidelines.
MEDIA
Typology of Information
- These are communication outlets or tools used
FACTUAL to deliver or share information.
- Factual Information is information that solely TYPES OF MEDIA
deals with facts.
- the best place to find factual information is in - PRINT MEDIA
reference book such as encyclopedias and  Media consisting of ink and paper, used
almanacs. in mass communication in the form of
printed publication.
 Examples: o Instagram
o Etc.
 Books
 Google
 Newspaper
o Google Search
 Magazine
o Google Drive
 Brochure
 Comics o Google Mail
- BROADCAST MEDIA o Google Play
 Media that reaches the target o Playstore
audiences using airwaves as the o Youtube
transmission medium o Etc.
 Facebook
Examples: o FB Messenger
 Television o Oculus VR
 Radio o MSQRD (2016)
- DIGITAL OR NEW MEDIA o Instagram
 Contents are organized and distributed o Whatsapp
using digital platforms.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES
Examples: Media Languages
 E-books - Are codes, conventions, formats, symbols, and
 Social Media narrative structures that indicate the meaning
 Online Display Advertising of media messages to an audience.
 Websites and Blogs - It is the way in which text us constructed to
 Mobile apps create meaning for a reader or viewer.

MEDIA CONVERGENCE CODES

 Happens when different media sources join - Codes are systems of signs that when put
together. It allows media text to be distributed together create meaning.
in multiple media devices. SEMIOTICS
Examples: - Study of signs.
 Smart Phones CONVENTIONS
o Camera
o Tv - Are accepted ways of using media codes.
o Telephone Conventions are closely connected to the
o Web Browser audience expectations of a media product.
o Radio MEDIA CODES AND CONVENTIONS
o Etc.
- Media codes and conventions are like the
 Computer
building blocks of all the media around us. It
o Camera
generally have an agreed meaning, or
o Video player
connotation, to their audience.
o Music Player
o Web Browser TYPES OF MEDIA CODES
o Etc.
1. SYMBOLIC CODES
 Internet
o Facebook
o Twitter
 o Symbolic codes include the language,  Green is used to denote hope, harmony,
dress or actions of characters, or iconic peace and tranquility.
symbols that are easily understood.
o These codes live outside the media
product themselves but would be TECHNICAL CODES
understood in similar ways in the “real
- Technical codes include sound, camera angles,
life” of the audience.
type of shots and lighting.
 Symbolic codes in the media
- It may include ominous music to communicate
include:
danger or high angle camera shots to convey
 Setting
power.
 Mise en scene
- They are specific to a media form and do not
 Acting
live outside of them.
 Color symbolism
CAMERAWORKS
SETTING
- refers to how the camera is operated,
- It is the time and place of the narrative.
positioned, and moved for specific effects
MISE EN SCENE Aspects of camerawork include: Positioning,
Movement, Framing, Exposure and Lens choice.
- a French term that means “everything within
the frame” EDITING
- In media terms it has become to mean the
- is the process of choosing, manipulating, and
description of all the objects within a frame of
arranging images and sound.
the media product and how they have been
arranged. AUDIO
- The study of mise en scene often involves
- is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound.
pausing a media product and analyzing how the
Audio can be diegetic or non-diegetic. The three
elements of the frame combine to create
aspects of audio are dialogue, sound effects,
meaning for the audience.
and music.
 includes, Set Design, Costume, Props,
Staging and Composition. LIGHTING
EXAMPLE: - is the manipulation of natural or artificial light
to selectively highlight specific elements of the
1. COSTUME
scene. Elements of lighting include: Quality,
2. SPACE
Direction, Source and Color.
3. SET
WRITTEN CODES
ACTING
- Written codes are the formal written language
- Actors portray a character through facial
used in a media product. It can be used to
expression, body language, movement, and
advance a narrative, communicate information
vocal qualities.
about a character or issues and themes in the
COLOR SYMBOLISM media product.

- Media producers use color to specifically TWO TYPES OF LANGUAGE

connect connotations to specific scenes,
1. Printed Language
characters, or objects.
- Printed language in media involves the
 Red is used to denote passion, or power.
careful selection of typography, layout, and
 Yellow is used to denote optimism or a
design to convey information effectively,
warning.
 shaping the reader's experience and enterprises. Dates back to ancient times when
comprehension. craftsmen used to put their signature or “mark”
2. SPOKEN LANGUAGE on their products.
- It includes dialogue and song lyrics, utilizing
tone, intonation, and pacing to convey
emotions and nuances that written text INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
may lack.
- Constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect
Intellectual Property of an article/object.
- Intellectual Property, or IP, as defined by the DESIGN OF AN OBJECT
World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO), is the "creation of the mind, such as o SHAPE
inventions literary, and artistic works, designs o SURFACE
and symbols, names, and images used in o PATTERNS
commerce. "Since the products of human o LINES
intellect have a direct influence on human o COLORS
civilization and on the development of societies,
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION AND APPELLATION OF
there should be safeguards on intellectual
ORIGIN
property
- Sign used on goods that have a specific
Intellectual Property of the Philippines
geographical origin and possess qualities, a
- The law: Republic Act No. 8293 [An Act reputation, or characteristics that are
Prescribing the Intellectual Property Code and essentially attributable to that place of origin.
Establishing the Intellectual Property Office,
The Use of “Fair Use”
Providing for Its Powers and Functions, and
Other Purposes]otherwise known as the - Fair use limits rights of holders who are entitled
Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines. to reproduce works for a limited time period.
The rationale of fair use is to "guarantee a
Types of Intellectual Property
breathing space for new expression within the
COPYRIGHT confines of Copyright Law."
- As much as copyright protects the interests of
- It is used to describe the rights that creators the producers of a work for economic and
have over their literary and artistic works. moral reasons, it is also important to make the
- It is mainly the protection of one’s expression works a little more accessible to the public.
which only becomes tangible and concrete - Anything that is within realms of the public
when objects are created as manifestation of domain cannot owned by anyone and has no
these expressions. copyright coverage.
PATENT So what work are covered by fair use?
- Provides the patent owner with the right to When the work is:
decide how, or whether, the invention can be
used by others in exchange for this right. The  a criticism or commentary
patent owner makes technical information  a parody
about the invention publicly available in the  a news report
published patent document.  an artistic expressions
 research works
TRADEMARK
Flame Wars
- A sign capable of distinguishing good or services
of one enterprise from those of other Flame War
 - Flamer is a term defined as someone who - The legal rights to publicly show a film or video
knowingly attacks other netizens, or express (media)
aggressively his opinion on controversial issues.
To widen your vocabulary, you may check the
following terms on the internet:
1. Flame
2. Flame War PUBLISHED WORK
3. Troll - Works that authors agree to share publicly
4. Flaming through electronic means, allowing people to
The Intellectual Property Law of the Philippines access them at their chosen time and place. The
availability should meet the reasonable needs
THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF THE PHILIPPINES of the public, considering the nature of the
CONSIST OF: work.
1. Copyright and related rights; RENTAL
2. Trademarks and service marks;
3. Geographic indications; - The transfer of the possession of the original or
4. Industrial designs; a copy of a work or a sound recording for a
5. Patents; limited period of time, for profit-making
6. Layout-designs of integrated circuits; and purposes.
7. Protection of undisclosed information REPRODUCTION
AUTHOR - The making of one (1) or more copies of a work
- The natural person who has the work created or a sound recording in any manner or form
work. WORK OF APPLIED ART

- Artistic creation with practical use, whether

COLLECTIVE WORK handmade or mass-produced, incorporated into
a useful article.
- A work created by multiple individuals under
someone else's guidance, knowing it will be
shared by that person under their name, and WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PILIPPINES
the contributors won't be named.
- A work made by a Philippine government officer
COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC or employee as part of their official duties is
- The making of a work available to the public by considered government property. This includes
wire or wireless means in such a way that works created for government-owned or
members of the public may access these works controlled corporations in the course of their
from a place and time individually chosen by regular duties.
them. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED WORK
PUBLIC LENDING - Original and derivative works are protected.
- The transfer of possession of the original or a Original works are those that are literary or
copy of a work or sound recording for a limited artistic in nature.
period, for non- profit purposes, by an Example:
institution; the services of which are available to
the public, such as public library or archive. o books
o newspaper
PUBLIC PERFORMANCE o musical composition
o works of drawing
 o etc. - Media document retrieval, or the functionality,
i.e., search engines that enable users" to submit
WORKS NOT PROTECTED
one or more queries in the form of an example
- Insufficient authorship or due to the work being rich media object or keyword terms"
of an importance to public interest - Media content mining, or the techniques
1. Unprotected subject matter employed to extract "implicit knowledge, data
o standard calendars, height, relationships, or other regular patterns," e.g.,
weight charts, and more Boolean logic.
2. Works of government SOCIALNESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA
o laws, official statutes,
addresses, and more - These days, you can count on the phenomenon
of crowdsourcing in distributing information
Responsible Netizenship faster than the blink of an eye. This is the
- Becoming a Flame Warrior can be an indication reason why information made available on the
of one’s failure to be a responsible netizen. Internet travels at a rate that vou cannot even
Flame warriors are not necessarily consciously begin to grasp.
violating these rules but instead, they might, on - Media has really gone a long way from the
certain occasions, only be too emotional or invention of the Gutenberg press. Social media
opinionated in expressing their thoughts. They defy space and time boundaries by bringing
may often fail to display good netiquette. friends closer despite their distance and by
providing real-time communication
NETIQUETTE refers to observing proper etiquette as you opportunities. Social media has "democratized"
engage in activities over the Internet. it is contrary to the flow of information.
what Flame Warrior display. Online discussion - This means that people have more liberal access
members who adhere to rules of netiquette have high to thoughts and ideas. This, in turn, has
respect for the views and opinions of other members increased the engagement of people in creating
and have high regard for courtesy. their own content which you usually see in
Core Rules of Netiquette video sharing platforms and blog sites.
- As quoted: “Because of the Web, we have seen
VIRGINIA SHEA, AUTHOR OF A BOOK TITLED amazing examples of "nobodies" becoming
NETIQUETTE, HAS THESE FOLLOWING CORE "somebodies" overnight, of whiplash-fast
PRINCIPLES FOR OBSERVING PROPER INTERNET events arising in previously obscure corners of
ETIQUETTE: the world. We witness instances of super-
empowered citizens, viral phenomena, and the
 Remember the human on the other side of the
seemingly instant coordination of protests and
electronic communication.
celebrations alike. Memes and hashtags zip and
 Adhere to the same standards of behaviour
proliferate.”
online that you follow in real life.
- John Whibey (2014)
 Know where you are in cyberspace.
 Respect other people’s time and bandwidth. CLASSIFICATION OF NETIZEN’S ENGAGEMENT
 Share expert knowledge.
Media activation (broadcast)
 Respect other people’s privacy.
 Don’t abuse your power. - Known as the sharing of content among media
 Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes users through the different media forms such as
(Shea, 1994). television, radio, print media, and other
traditional media
OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND POWER OF MEDIA
INFORMATION Viral (peer-to-peer)

WORLD WIDE WEB AT FOREFONT

 - Known as sharing of content through online or - offenses against the confidentiality, integrity
new media and availability of computer data and systems;
- computer-related offenses;
- content-related offenses; and
- offenses related to infringements of copyright
and related rights.
Hybrid
THE FOLLOWING ARE CYBERCRIME-RELATED LAWS IN
- A combination of media activation and peer-to- THE PHILIPPINES:
peer
 Republic Act 10175 - Cybercrime Prevention Act
THE CHALLENGE AND OPPURTUNITIES OF SOCIAL of 2012 (which is currently suspended due to a
MEDIA TRO issued by the Supreme Court)
- Collaborative Projects  Republic Act 9995 - Anti-photo Voyeurism Act
- Blogs of 2009
- Content communities  Republic Act 9775 - Anti-child Pornography Act
- Social networking sites of 2009
- Virtual game worlds  Republic Act 9208 - Anti-trafficking in Persons
Act of 2003
CYBERCRIMES IN THE PHILIPPINES  Republic Act 8792 - E-commerce Act of 2000
- Cybercrime, according to the Department of  Republic Act 8484 - Access Device Regulation
Justice, is "a crime committed with or through Act of 1998
the use of information and communication  Republic Act 4200 - Anti-wiretapping Law.
technologies such as radio, television, cellular
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERATE AUDIENCE
phone, computer and network, and other
communication device or application." - You are an empowered audience when you are
able to make the most of the media messages
CYBERCRIME
you receive. Information processing involves a
- Going after cybercriminals used to be a grueling conscious filtering and matching and
challenge for law enforcement agencies. But construction of meanings of these messages.
after ears of battling with the lack of laws to
penalize crimes committed in cyberspace, the
Philippines finally passed a cybercrime law in
2012. President Benigno Aquino III signed the
bill into law on 12 September 2012, and the
newly signed law took effect several days later.
- Sotto III which provided for blocking certain
computer data and for longer prison term for
libel (Farmer, 2012)" very dangerous to online
users. There were petitions submitted to the
Supreme Court by several groups who argued
that the law was not clear on how to punish MEDIA CONTENT
certain eybercrimes. Some even considered the
law "draconian."The Supreme Court eventually - According to Potter (2011), people live in two
released a temporary restraining order on the worlds: the real world and the media world. The
implementation of the law. challenge is how you as students of media and
information literacy are able to discern the thin
ACCORDING TO THE 2001 BUDAPEST CONVENTION ON line that separates these two worlds.
CYBERCRIME, CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN CYBERSPACE - The thin line that separates these two worlds.
INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: This means "being able to tell the two worlds
 apart as the two merge together under - Is an individual who has the ability to
pressures from newer message formats and understand and contribute to responsibly and
newer technologies that seem to make effective usage of info and media
boundary lines... very fuzzy." - Can adopt a critical stance when decoding
media messages, no matter their views
MEDIA EFFECTS regarding a topic
- Use media and information to create effective
- Certain types of messages will lead to certain
actions and decisions on and offline
kinds of opinions and behaviors. As individuals,
we do not have much power to control the THE IMPORTANCE
media but we have a great power (If we will use
it) to control the midea’s effects on us - Media and information literacy provides the
W. JAMES POTTER, MEDIA LITERACY backbone to understanding media, information
- Media has particular power over audience that and the role of both in our society.
media scholars call the third person effect. This - Provides some of the essential skills necessary
is an effect that make you think that media - for critical thinking, analysis, self-expression and
messages effects others but not you. This creativity – all necessary skills for citizens in a
happen because you are made to think that democratic society.
media conent may be too banal or simple to
HOW TO BECOME MEDIA AND INFORMATION
have any efforts on you. You have to remember
LITERATE
three basic principles about media efforts
(POTTER, 2011) - Be capable of decoding media messages
(understanding the message and the medium)
THREE BASIC PRINCIPLES ABOUT MEDIA EFFORTS
- Never stop learning
- Media effects are constanly occuring because of - Intelligently and responsibly produce media
media’s constant and direct/indirect influence - Assess how the messages affect one’s emotions,
on you ideas, and behavior.
- Media work with other factors in exerting
Being a media and information literate individual
influence
empowers people to think critically about information
- 3.You can control the effects process in your
and use of digital tools. It helps people make informed
life
choices about how they participate in peace building,
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERATE INDIVIDUAL equality, freedom of expression, dialogue, access to
information, and sustainable development.
A LITERATE INDIVIDUAL
(UNESCO)
- one who can, with understanding, both read
and write a short, simple statement on his or UNMASKING MEDIA MESSAGES
her everyday life.
- a media and information literate individual is
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY not EASILY FOOLED BY SUBLIMINAL MESSAGES
DISSEMINATED BY AND THROUGH MEDIA
- Emphasizes some of the fundamental abilities
required for critical thinking, analysis, self- PROPAGANDA
expression, and creativity, all of which are
- Propaganda is a form of persuasion that is often
needed for members of a democratic society.
used in media to further some sort of agenda,
From printing to radio, from video to the
such as a personal, political, or business agenda,
internet, citizens may analyze media and
by evoking an emotional or obligable response
information in a variety of mediums.
from the audience.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERATE
OBJECTIFICATION
 - It is a common visual media form when a - ICT will continue to advance, empower, and
person's body or body parts are separated from transform every aspect of our lives. Check
them as a person so that they are reduced to out some of these emerging technologies
the status of an object, devoid of thought or and trends.
feeling.

APPEAL TO FALLACIES & PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE CONTEXTUAL AWARENESS

 Ad hominem - By combining ‘hard sensor’ information

 Ad nauseam such as where you are and the conditions
 Appeal to authority around you, combined with ‘soft sensors’
 Appeal to fear - Such as your calendar, your social network
 Appeal to prejudice and past preferences – future devices will
 Bandwagon constantly learn about who you are and
 Cherry picking (fallacy) or Selective truth how you live, work and play.
 Classical conditioning - As your devices learn about your life, they can
 Cognitive dissonance begin to anticipate your needs. Imagine your PC
 Common man or "plain folk" approach advising you to leave home 15 minutes early or
 Demonizing the enemy take a different route to avoid a traffic jam on
 DIKTAT your way to work.
 DISINFORMATION - Consider a “context-aware” remote control that
 EUPHEMISM instantly determines who is holding it and
 EXAGGERATION automatically selects the Smart TV preferences
 FRAMING for that person.
 GLITTERING GENERALITIES
 haLF TRUTH HAPTICS TECHNOLOGY
 INTENTIONAL VAGUENESS
 LABELING - is a feedback technology (using computer
 LATITUDES OF ACCEPTANCE applications) that takes advantage of the user’s
 LOVE BOMBING sense of touch by applying force, vibrations
 NAME-calling and/or motions to the User.
 oversimplification - Simple haptics are used in smartphones, game
 rationalization controllers, joysticks, and steering wheels.
 unstated assumption Haptics is gaining widespread acceptance as a
key part of virtual reality systems, adding the
CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND sense of touch to previously visual-only
INFORMATION solutions.

MEDIA IN THE 20TH CENTURY EXAMPLES:

- Many of the technological advances we are  Virtual Reality (VR) Gloves

seeing today will shape our daily lives in the  Haptic Touchscreens
future – the way we relax, interact,  Haptic Surgical Simulators
communicate, and conduct business.
- From virtual worlds, avatar emotions, VOICE AND TONE RECOGNITION
artificial intelligence, computer-generated
- Not only can voice and tone recognition be used
storytelling and narrative, interactive 360
to confirm a person’s identity but tone
holographic images, mixed reality, stress
recognition can be used to detect a person’s
disorder virtual therapies and so much health or emotional state.
more.
 - This technology will open new opportunities in conversations with users, providing
security and healthcare – with mobile customer support, answering
applications. queries, and performing tasks like
booking appointments or ordering
food.

INTELLIGENT ROUTING DEVICES

INTERNET GLASSES
- refer to hardware or software systems
designed to optimize the routing of data - Technology that can display images
packets or physical resources in a network. directly onto our retinas while not
- These devices use advanced algorithms and blocking our sight is being
decision-making processes to efficiently developed.
direct traffic, improve network - This technology can be used in
performance, and ensure data reaches its eyeglasses and has uses ranging
intended destination in a timely manner. from e-gaming to military defense.
In the next 10-20 years, experts
EXAMPLE: predict that Internet glasses will
replace Smartphones.
 Meralco's Advanced Metering Imagine these viewing experiences:
Infrastructure (AMI)
 PLDT Fibr Routers: PLDT (Philippine Long - Seeing building schematics and locations of
Distance Telephone Company) others (especially useful for security or
 Grab and Foodpanda Delivery Routing firefighters).
Algorithms - Giving a speech while information is streamed
to your eyeglasses in real time.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) - Receiving turn by turn directions as you walk
toward your destination.
- It refers to the simulation of human intelligence
- Walking down the street, seeing one of your
processes by machines, especially computer
friends show up “on screen” 2 blocks and 1 cafe
systems.
- AI technologies aim to replicate cognitive away.
functions such as problem-solving, perception, 3D ENVIRONMENT
learning, reasoning, and decision-making.
- Is a three-dimensional representation of
EXAMPLES: geometric data that resembles the real world.
- It is simply a digital setting or background
 VIRTUAL ASSISTANTS created with computer graphics software. it can
be an indoor or outdoor location with realistic
- Virtual assistants like Siri (Apple), or non-realistic objects that give you visual
Alexa (Amazon), and Google sensations.
Assistant use AI algorithms to
understand and respond to user EXAMPLES:
queries, perform tasks, and provide
personalized recommendations.  3D Printing
 3D Film
 CHATBOTS AND CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS  Augmented reality & virtual reality
- Chatbots utilize AI techniques to  Hologram
engage in natural language Wearable Technology
 - it refers to mobile electronic devices that are ACCESSIBILITY
comfortably worn on the user’s body. These
- Learners have access to their documents, data,
devices are often called “wearables” for short.
or videos from anywhere.
EXAMPLES:
IMMEDIACY
 Smartwatch
- Wherever learners are, they can get any
 Smart Glasses
information immediately.
 Fitness Tracker
 VR Headsets INTERACTIVITY
 AirPods
- Learners can interact with experts, teachers, or
MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE CONTENT (MOOC) peers in the form of synchronous or
asynchronous communication.
- MOOCs are online courses available for anyone
to enroll. It provides an affordable and flexible SITUATING OF INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES
way to learn new skills, advance your career,
- The learning could be embedded on our daily
and deliver quality educational experiences at
life.
scale.
ADAPTABILITY
EDUCAUSE
- Learners can get the right information at the
- Non-profit organization association and
right place with the right way.
community of IT professionals describe MOOC
as a model for delivering learning content EXAMPLES:
online to any person who wants to take a
course with no limit on attendance.  Schoology
 Google Classroom
EXAMPLES:  LinkedIn Learning
 Brainly
 Coursera
 Khan Academy
 Canvas
 Open Education Europa
 The Open University

UBIQUITOUS LEARNING

- Ubiquitous learning (also known as u-learning)

is access to learning and information from
anywhere and at any time.
- According to (Ogata, Yin & Yano, 2004);
Bomsdorf, (2005) describes ubiquitous
learning's characteristics in her article as;
permanency, accessibility, immediacy,
interactivity, situating of instructional activities,
and adaptability.

CHARACTERISTICS OF UBIQUITOUS LEARNING

PERMANENCY

- Learners never lose their work unless it is

purposefully deleted.