QUESTION 6

(a) The leader of the Jamacian rebellion of 1831 was Samuel

Sharpe.
(b) Three religious leaders who were blamed for the rebellion
of 1831 were Samuel Sharpe, Geogre William Gordon, and Paul
Bogle.
(c)The 1831 rebellion in Jamacia, also knownas the Christmas
Rebellion or the Baptist War, was caused by a combination of
social, economic, and political factors. These factors are harsh
living conditions, influence if abolistionist ideas and religion
mobilization. Firstly, is harsh living conditions was when enslaves
individuals in Jamacia endured brutal living and working
conditions on sugar plantations. They faced long hours of labor,
inaduquate food and shelter, and frequent physical and
psychologial abuse from overseas and plantation owners
. These harsh conditions fueled resentment and a desire for
freedom among the enslaved population. Secondly, is influence
of abolitionist ideas, this is the spread of abolistionist ideas
and movements reached the Caribbean, it inspired enslaved
people to resist their oppressors and demand freedom.
Abolitionist literature, pamphlets, and speeches circulates
among the enslaved population, further fueling their desire for
emancipation. Thirdly, is religious mobilization, when religious
leaders, particualry Baptist and Methodist preachers, played a
significant role in organizing and mobilizing enslaved individuals
for the rebellion. They preached messages of liberation,
equality, and justice, using Christian theology to justify
resistance against slavery. Religious gatherings provided
opprotunites for enslaved people to strategize, organize and
plantheir uprising, leading to the widespread participation
of religious communities in the rebellion. These causes
interacted and intersected to create a voliate
environment ripe for rebellion. The harsh living conditions
experienced by the enslaved, coupled with the influence
of abolistionist ideas and the mobilization efforts of
religious leaders, culminated in the eruption of the 1831
rebellion in Jamacia.
(d) The 1831 rebellion in Jamacia, also known as the
Baptist War, had profound and multifaceted consequences
that shaped the trajectory of the British Caribbean and
the broader struugle against slavery. Here are three key
consequences of the rebellion which are intensified
repression and retaliation, impacr on British public opinion
and the abolitionist movemnt and lastly long-term impact
on Jamacian society and poltics. Firstly, intensified
repression and retaliation was the following outbreak of
the rebellion, the British colonial authorites responded
with ruthless repression and widepread violence aimed at
quelling the uprising and maintaining control. Martial law
was decleared, and British troops were dispatched to
suppress the rebellion with force. Enslaved individuals
suspected of particpating in the revolt faced servere
reprisals, including exeutions, mass flogging, and other
forms, and other forms of brutal punishment. Additionally,
innocent indiciduals were often targeted and subjected to
violence in the crackdown that followed. The harsh and
Idiscriminate repression that followed the brutalities inherent
in the slave system and reinforced represssion also insyilled
fear and appreshension among the enslaved population,
further consolidating control by the ruling elite. Secondly,
was the impact on British public opinion and the abolistionist
movement, this is the events of the 1831 rebellion had a
profound imapct on British public opinion and significantly
contributed to the momentum of the abolistionist movement.
Reports of the brutal suppression of the rebellion and the
atrocities committed againist enslaved individuals shocked
British society and elicited widespread condemnation.
Abolotionist campaigners seixed upon these reports to
highlight the inherent cruelty and injustice of slavery and to
mobilize public opinion against the institution. The rebellion
served as a powerful indictment of the abolistionist cause in
Britian. It provided abolistionists with compelling evidenve of
the need slavery and strengthened their resolve in
advocating for legislative reforms. Ultimately, the rebellion
played a pivotal role in shifting public opinion in Britian and
hastening the abolition of slavery in Britiam Empire. Lastly, is
long-term impact on Jamacian society and politics, is when
the 1831 rebellion had far-reaching consequences for
Jamaican society and politics, contributing to profound social
and political changes in the years that followed. In the wake
of the rebellion, the British government implemented
measures to tighten control over the colony and prevent
future uprisings. These measures included increased
surveillance, harsher restrictions on the movements and
activities of the enslaved population, and the introduction of
new laws aimed at maintaining order and stability.
However, the rebellion also fueled growing discontent and
resistance among the enslaved population, laying the
groundwork for future acts of resistance and rebellion.
Additionally, the events of 1831 prompted debates and
discussions about the future of slavery and the rights of
enslaved individuals, paving the way for broader social
and political reforms in Jamaica in the decades that
followed. The rebellion served as a catalyst for change,
accelerating the pace of social and political
transformation in the colony and contributing to the
eventual transition to freedom and independence. In
summary, the 1831 rebellion in Jamaica had profound
consequences that reverberated throughout the British
Caribbean and beyond. It intensified repression and
retaliation against the enslaved population, galvanized
support for the abolitionist movement in Britain, and
contributed to profound social and political changes in
Jamaican society.
 QUESTION 7
As a former enslaved person and a deacon in a
Baptist Church, I stand before you today to shed light
on the opposing views surrounding the movement for
the abolition of slavery. Having experienced the
horrors of bondage firsthand, I am deeply invested in
advocating for freedom and justice for all. On one side
of the debate are the enslaved Africans who actively
supported the abolitionist cause, while on the other
side are the Caribbean sugar planters who vehemently
opposed abolition. Let us explore the motivations
behind each perspective.
Firstly, let us consider why enslaved Africans
actively supported the movement for abolition, this was
because of the desire for freedom and human dignity
and religious and moral convictions. Firstly, is the desire
of freedon and human dignity, Enslaved Africans
yearned for freedom and the opportunity to live lives
of dignity and autonomy. They understood that the
abolition of slavery was essential for achieving these
fundamental human rights. The abolitionist movement
offered hope for liberation from the shackles of
bondage and the chance to build a better future for
themselves and their descendants. As individuals who
had endured unimaginable suffering and oppression,
they were willing to risk everything to secure their
freedom and assert their humanity. Secondly, is the
religious and moral convictions, Many enslaved Africans
were devout Christians who found solace and inspiration
in the teachings of the Bible. They identified with the
biblical narratives of liberation and justice, such as the
Exodus story, which resonated deeply with their own
experiences of bondage and oppression. As members of
the Baptist Church, they were imbued with a strong
sense of moral conviction and social justice, which
compelled them to actively support the abolitionist
cause. Their faith provided them with the courage and
resilience to challenge the status quo and demand an
end to the sinful institution of slavery.
Now, let us examine why Caribbean suagr planters
did not support abolition are economic self-interest,
fear of social unrest and economic collapseand racial
prejudice and white supremacy. Firstly, is economic
self-interest, the Caribbean sugar planters derived
their wealth and power from the labor of enslaved
Africans on their plantations. The abolition of slavery
threatened their economic interests and way of life, as
it would disrupt the profitable sugar industry upon
which their fortunes depended. Planters were primarily
concerned with maximizing profits and maintaining their
privileged position within colonial society. They viewed
abolition as a direct threat to their wealth and social
status and were therefore staunchly opposed to any
measures that would undermine the institution of
slavery.
Secondly, is the fear of social unrest and economic,
this when planters feared that the abolition of slavery
would lead to social unrest and economic collapse in the
Caribbean colonies. They believed that without the labor
of enslaved Africans, the plantation economy would be
unable to sustain itself, resulting in widespread poverty,
unemployment, and social upheaval. Planters were deeply
invested in maintaining social order and stability, and
they saw abolition as a potential catalyst for chaos and
disorder. They were therefore unwilling to entertain the
idea of emancipation and instead sought to preserve the
status quo at all costs. Lastly, was racial prejudice and
white supremacy, the Caribbean sugar planters harbored
deep-seated racial prejudices and a sense of white
superiority that informed their opposition to abolition.
They viewed enslaved Africans as inferior beings fit only
for servitude and believed that the abolitionist
movement threatened the social hierarchy upon which
their privilege and power were based. Planters were
unwilling to concede the humanity and equality of
enslaved Africans and were determined to defend their
position of dominance within colonial society. Their
adherence to racist ideologies fueled their resistance to
abolition and perpetuated the cycle of exploitation and
oppression.
In conclusion, the debate over the abolition of
slavery was marked by starkly contrasting perspectives
and interests. While enslaved Africans actively supported
the abolitionist cause out of a desire for freedom and
justice, Caribbean sugar planters opposed abolition due
to their economic self-interest, fear of social unrest,
and adherence to racist ideologies. It is essential to
recognize and understand these opposing viewpoints
as we reflect on the legacy of slavery and continue to
strive for a more just and equitable society.
 QUESTION 13
The 19th century witnessed the United States'
keen interest in acquiring Cuba, driven by various
political, economic, and strategic factors. This essay
explores three reasons behind this interest and
examines two strategies employed by the United
States to gain control of Cuba during the same period.
Reasons for the United States’ Intersted in
Acquiring Cuba was economic considerations, manifest
destiny and territorial expansion, and security and
defense concerns. Firstly, is economic consideration,
The fertile lands of Cuba and its lucrative sugar
industry attracted the attention of American
entrepreneurs and investors. With its vast plantations
and abundant natural resources, Cuba held the
potential to become a major economic asset for the
United States. American merchants sought access to
Cuban markets for their goods, while Southern
slaveholders saw Cuba as a potential extension of the
slave economy. The prospect of acquiring Cuba
promised to bolster American economic interests and
strengthen the nation's position in the global market.
Secondly, is manifest destiny and territorial
expansion, The ideology of Manifest Destiny, which
espoused the belief in the inevitable expansion of
American territory from coast to coast, fueled the
desire for territorial expansion beyond the continental
borders. Cuba, located just 90 miles off the coast of
Florida, was viewed as a natural extension of American
territory and a strategic gateway to the Caribbean
and Latin America. Control of Cuba would enhance
American geopolitical influence in the region, provide
access to valuable trade routes, and solidify the United
States' status as a regional power. Lastly, is security
and defense conerns, the strategic location of Cuba at
the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico made it a critical
geopolitical asset with significant implications for
American security and defense. Control of Cuba would
allow the United States to safeguard its southern
borders, protect vital trade routes, and project military
power in the Caribbean. Moreover, the presence of
European colonial powers, particularly Spain, in Cuba
posed a potential threat to American interests in the
Western Hemisphere. Acquiring Cuba was seen as a
means to counteract European influence and assert
American dominance in the region.
Strategies used by the united states to gain
conreol of cuba were diplomatic maneuvering and
filibustering and military intervention. Firstly, is
diplomatic maneuvering, Diplomatic efforts played a
central role in the United States' attempts to gain
control of Cuba during the 19th century. The United
States engaged in negotiations with Spain, the colonial
power that held control over Cuba, too purchase or
annex the island. These negotiations often involved
diplomatic pressure, economic incentives, and the
threat of military intervention to compel Spain to
cede control of Cuba. However, Spain's steadfast
refusal to relinquish its hold on Cuba and the
complexities of international relations thwarted these
diplomatic efforts. Secondly, is filibustering and
military intervention, In addition to diplomatic
means, the United States resorted to filibustering
and military intervention as strategies to gain control
of Cuba. Filibustering involved unauthorized military
expeditions launched by American adventurers and
mercenaries with the aim of annexing foreign
territories, including Cuba. These filibustering
expeditions, often backed by private interests and
supported by sympathetic elements within the United
States government, sought to foment insurrection
and provoke conflict in Cuba to facilitate annexation.
However, these efforts were met with mixed success
and faced opposition from both domestic and
international actors, leading to their eventual failure.
In conclusion, the United States' interest in
acquiring Cuba during the 19th century was driven
by economic ambitions, territorial expansionism, and
security concerns.Despite diplomatic negotiations and
attempts at military intervention, the United States
was unable to gain control of Cuba up to the 1870s.
However, the desire to acquire Cuba would persist
into the 20th century, ultimately culminating in the
Spanish-American War and the eventual annexation of
Cuba by the United States.

This essay has examined the motivations behind the

United States' interest in acquiring Cuba and the
strategies employed in pursuit of this goal,
highlighting the complex interplay of political,
economic, and strategic factors shaping American
foreign policy in the 19th century.