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21st Century Literature Lesson 1 and 2

This document discusses Philippine literature from the pre-colonial era through the 21st century. It begins by describing some forms of oral literature that were prominent before colonization, such as myths, legends, riddles, and proverbs. When the Spanish colonized the Philippines, they introduced the Roman alphabet and Christianity, influencing the development of written literature. Notable works from the Spanish period include religious texts and folk songs. The document then briefly outlines some literary genres that emerged during the Japanese and American colonial periods such as biographical poems before concluding with examples of pre-colonial, Spanish period, and contemporary Philippine literature.

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erickzkieolis
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68 views

21st Century Literature Lesson 1 and 2

This document discusses Philippine literature from the pre-colonial era through the 21st century. It begins by describing some forms of oral literature that were prominent before colonization, such as myths, legends, riddles, and proverbs. When the Spanish colonized the Philippines, they introduced the Roman alphabet and Christianity, influencing the development of written literature. Notable works from the Spanish period include religious texts and folk songs. The document then briefly outlines some literary genres that emerged during the Japanese and American colonial periods such as biographical poems before concluding with examples of pre-colonial, Spanish period, and contemporary Philippine literature.

Uploaded by

erickzkieolis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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21 Century

ST

Literature from the


Philippines and the
World
Before the Philippines was colonized, it was already
brimming with a rich tradition of oral literature
early Filipinos weaved together countless myths
and legends to explain certain phenomena in life.

Most of what have been transcribed now are


taken from oral literature, which means that
these stories have been passed on from one
generation to another. Most of that which
survived are epics and folklores.
These are typical examples of the precolonial literary
works.
It has many names and forms: bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon
in Ilongo, patototdon in Bicol, and buburtia in Ilocano.

Riddles
relied on talinghaga or metaphor. It is a guessing
game of objects represented by other objects
Kay lapit-lapit na sa mata,
Example: di mo pa rin makita.

Buto’t balat, lumilipad saranggola


EARS

Skin and bone flying kite


Proverbs are statement of a particular culture’s codes of behavior and beliefs and
intended to teach values. They are known as kasabihan/salawikain in Tagalog,
panultihon or pagya among the Cebuano, kasebian among the Pampango, and
humbaton or hurobaton among the Ilonggo. In Panay it was called daragiton or
daraida, and basahanan in Bukidnon.

Here is an example:
Bahay man ay palasyo It is better to have a hut
Kung ang laman ay kuwago inhabited by a person
Mabuti pa ang kubong than a mansion Wherein an owl
Laman ay tao. lives.

An empty container makes There is no need to cry over


a lot of noise. spilt milk.
Ang lalagyang walang Magsisi ka man at huli
laman ay maingay. Wala nang mangyayari.
Aside from short fiction and epics, our country’s pre-colonial literature also abounded in
songs. There were love songs, courtship songs, serenades, lullabies, funerals and others.

Lullabies were songs to put infants to sleep. As children grew, they continued to have
songs tailored to their imagination and playtime. Other songs were intended for activities
shared by the members of the community. Like a song for rowing, for pounding rice, for
making pots and for hunting bees. There were even songs for drinking

You are My Sunshine


It’s A Small World

Bahay Kubo

Magtanim ay Di Biro
Tales are stories of origin for certain places, their names and
their creation. These are also known as myths and legends.

Myths, legends, and fables are short forms of fiction. Myths serve to
explain how the world was created. Legends explain the origin of
things while fables are meant to teach lessons

Maria Makiling
Ang Alamat ng Dama Noche
Popular examples are Biag ni Lam-ang from the Ilocanos, the Ibaloy
epic Kabunlan and Bendian, the Tagalog epic Kumintang, the Palawan
epic Kudaman, the Panay-Bisaya epic Maragtas at Hinilawod, the
Manobo epic Tuwaang Midsakop, the Negros Bisaya epic Hari sa
Bukit, the Mindanao epic Darangen, the Muslim epic Bantugan , and
the Ifugao epic Hudhud at Alim.
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

A. Identify various dimensions of Philippine literary history from


precolonial to contemporary;
B. Enumerate differences between and among periods of
Philippine literature as presented by geographic, linguistic, and
ethnic dimensions;
C. Show appreciation of the early and contemporary forms of
Philippine literature.
Pre-colonial
Ida-Ida- Maguidanao
Ibanag- Tagalog
Lullabies or ili-ili- Ilongo
Ambahan- Mangyan
Harana- Cebuano
Kissa- Tausug
Japanese and American Period
Kahapon, ngayon, at bukas -
Kapangpangan
Ang Mga Tunuksan Isa Ca Bulacalac -
Visaya

Spanish and Period of Enlightenment


Awit and Korido- Tagalog
Lagaylay- Sorsogon
THE MORO-MORO- Mindanao
Pre-Spanish Literature is characterized by

LEGENDS
Legends are a form of prose the common theme of which is about the
origin of a thing, place, location or name. The events are imaginary, devoid of
truth and unbelievable. Old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends.

FOLK TALES
Folk tales are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror
and humor where one can derive lessons about life. These are useful to us
because they help us appreciate our environment, evaluate our
personalities and improve our perspectives in life. An example of this is
THE MOON AND THE SUN.
THE EPIC AGE
Epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic
achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.
Nobody can determine which epics are the oldest because in their
translations from other languages, even in English and Spanish.

FOLK SONGS
Folk songs are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature
that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early
forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables. Examples of which
are Kundiman, Kumintang o Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang Oyayi o
Hele, Diana, Soliraning and Talindaw
Other forms of Pre-Spanish Poetry
Epigrams (Salawikain) is oldest form of Philippine literature
that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the
early forms of culture. .

Chant (Bulong) is used in witchcraft or enchantment.

Maxims are common known as old saying or common expression


“May tainga ang lupa, may pakpak
ang balita.
Spanish Period (1565-1898)
SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.

The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.

The Spanish language which became the literary language during


this time lent many of its words to our language.
European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in
our songs, corridos, and moro-moros
Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and
other dialects.
Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan
ALIBATA
THE FIRST BOOKS
ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE).
This was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography
Nuestra Señora del Rosario
It contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers on religion

Libro de los Cuatro Postrimerias de Hombre (in Spanish and Tagalog).


This is the first book printed in typography.
Ang Barlaan at Josaphat
This is a Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from
Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja
The Pasion
This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ. It is read only during Lent.
Urbana at Felisa.
Libro de los Cuatro Postrimerias
DOCTRINA CRISTIANA Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Hombre
FOLK SONGS
Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. Each region had its national
song from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. They truly
manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate
appreciation for and love of beauty. The examples are Leron-Leron Sinta,
Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi and Atin Cu Pung Singsing.
RECREATIONAL PLAYS
There are many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish
times. Almost all of them were in poetic form.
Tibag – The word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the Spaniard
to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died.

Lagaylay – This is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during Maytime to
get together.
Lagaylay
The Cenaculo – This is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion
and death of Jesus Christ.

Panunuluyan – This is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a


presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to
deliver the baby Jesus

The Salubong (or Panubong) - The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the
meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine
towns.

Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a


moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
Cenakulo Panunuluyan

The Salubong Carillo (Shadow Play)


Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or
melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love,
hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political problem.
Sainete – this was a short musical comedy popular during the 18th century.
They were exaggerated comedies shown between acts of long plays and were
mostly performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from
everyday life scenarios.

MORO-MORO Like the Cenaculo, the Moro-moro is presented also on a


special stage. This is performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and
to remind them of their Christian religion.

KARAGATAN This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated


during the death of a person.
DUPLO
The Duplo replaced the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning.
The roles are taken from the Bible and from proverbs and saying. It is usually played
during wakes for the dead.

BALAGTASAN. This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular


topic or issue. This is replaced the DU PLO and is held to honor Francisco “Balagtas”
Baltazar

THE DUNG-AW This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative
beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used.

AWIT and the CORRIDO Some use these two interchangeably because
distinction is not clear

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