5

ENGLISH 5
Quarter 1- Module 3
Using Compound and Complex
Sentences

Writer: Lorna P. Orticio

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Patrick R. Mella Jr.

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Need to Know

Good day learners! In this lesson, you are going to learn how to:

Use Compound and complex sentence to show cause -effect and problem solution
relationship of ideas. EN5G –Iva-1.8.1/ENG5G-Iva-1.8.2

Moreover, in this lesson, you will learn concepts and do practice activities that will
help you to achieve the following:

• 1. identify and use simple sentences;

• 2. identify compound sentences and its connectors;
• 3. use appropriate connectors/conjunctions in composing compound
sentences;
3.1 cause-effect relationship
3.2 problem solution relationship of ideas
• 4. identify complex sentences and its connectors/conjunctions;
3.1 cause-effect relationship
3.2 problem solution relationship of ideas
• 5.use appropriate connectors/conjunctions in composing complex sentences
showing:
5.1 cause-effect relationship of ideas
5.2 problem – solution relationship of ideas

What I Know
Before you proceed to the different activities inside the module, answer the
short pre-assessment activity below.
Answer the following questions below. Select your answers from the options
provided after each item. Choose the letter of the correct answer

• 1.Which of the following sentences uses a connector to join clauses?

A. They are happy although they live in darkness.
B. The blind person could not read ordinary books.
C. There are blind people who achieve amazing things.
D. The blind people have the right to be educated so we should help them.

• 2. Which is a compound sentence?

A. She serves her neighbors the best she can.
B. She was commended and idolized by her friends.
C. A child named Christine promises to do a good deed each day.
D. Her smile gives joy to everyone and her deeds give positive impact.

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 1
• 3.Which compound sentence shows cause and effect ideas?
A. Varied strategies were adopted to control the spread of this virus.
B. This global pandemic has impacted the whole economic situation of the
country.
C. Despite the tough implementation of lockdown, there are still people
going outside.
D. Many people were infected with the COVID-19 so they were asked to
isolate themselves.

• 4. Which complex sentence shows problem-solution relationship of ideas?

A. I started making videos when I was ten years old.
B. Because of poor technique, it looks unprofessional.
C. Doing what you love can fulfill your happiness until you achieve success
in life.
D. Though making a polished video is quite difficult, I still tried to do some
research and perfected the craft.

• 5. Which complex sentence shows cause and effect?

A. A study showed that listening to music improves our sleep.
B. When I couldn’t sleep, I simply listen to classic music.
C. Although music has a good effect to our mental health, it can also
harm.
D. The typhoon destroyed their house, as a result, they had to find another
place to live.

Lesson

1 Using Compound Sentence

What’s In

In your previous grade, you have already studied the kinds and use of
simple sentences. Can you still remember what a simple sentence is?
A simple sentence is a sentence consists of one independent clause comprising a
subject and predicate.
Let’s check how well you remember.
A. Put a (star) before each number if the sentence is simple and x (cross) if
it is not.
_______1. People who are infected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) develop a mild
to moderate illness.
_______2. COVID-19 is a virus that causes infection in the upper respiratory
tract.
_______3. People are advised to stay at home to prevent the spread of coronavirus.
_______ 4. Coronavirus can spread person to person.
_______ 5. One of the severe symptoms of coronavirus is trouble breathing or
shortness of breath.

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 2
B. Now that you can identify a simple sentence, try composing a sentence based on
the given picture.

1.

• _____________________
2.

• ______________________
3.

• ______________________
4.

• _________________________
5.

_____________________________

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 3
 What’s New

In today’s lesson, you will learn how to compose clear and coherent sentences
using compound sentence showing cause and effect and problem –solution
relationship of Ideas. This is more interesting and engaging compared to simple
sentence since you will be taught to connect relationships of ideas. What you need
to do is to understand the explanation and the corresponding examples provided so
that you could easily accomplish the different activities.
.
Let us start our lesson by looking at this illustration. Are you familiar with
global warming? What do you think is the effect of global warming? _______________

Activity 1. Read this text then answer the questions that follow.

Global Warming

Global warming is the rising of temperature on the Earth’s surface due to

the greenhouse effect. One of the many effects of global warming is on human health.
Humans are exposed to diseases when the atmospheric temperature extremely
warms. Global warming also destroys forests due to fires that wipe out the whole
forest. Moreover, global warming affects the melting of glaciers causing the sea level
to rise.
Global warming has become a serious problem in our country because it
affects the lives of the people. What should people do to stop global warming? One
solution is to encourage everyone to plant more trees and reduce the use of plastic
bags. Another solution is to reduce carbon emission from deforestation and forest
degradation. People are also advised to be careful in leaving things turned on like the
television, computer and the lights.
1. What is the text about? __________________________________
2. Which paragraph presents cause and effect relationship of global warming?
_________________________________
3. What relationship of ideas is shown in paragraph 2? _________________________
4. Complete the organizer with the ideas from the text above.

Effect 1

Effect 2
Cause

Effect 3

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 4
5.Using this organizer, determine the problem –solution relationship in paragraph 2?

Problem Solution2
Solution1

.
Solution3

What is It
Cause and Effect Relationship

Paragraph 1 in the passage read presented a structure of cause and effect

relationship of ideas since it explains the reason and results of global warming.
Cause is the reason why something happens while effect is the result or what
actually happens.

Example of cause and effect relationship of ideas:

Global warming affects the lives of the people, for it makes places drier and
hotter.
Cause: Global warming affects the lives of the people.
Effect: It makes the places drier and hotter.
Connector: for

Problem and Solution Relationship

Paragraph 2 is organized by a problem and solution situation.
It was presented with a problem or issue then followed by one or more possible
solutions. Problem means a challenge; difficulty; struggle that needs to be dealt
with while solution is the answer or action to solve the problem.
Example of problem and solution relationship of ideas:

Global warming has become a serious problem in our country, so everyone is

encouraged to plant more trees and reduce the use of plastic bags.

Problem: Global warming has become a serious problem in our country

Solution: everyone is encouraged to plant more trees and reduce the
use of plastic bags.
Connector: so

Now that you are familiar with cause and effect and problem and solution
relationship of ideas, let’s read again the structures of the two sentences above:
.
1. Global warming affects the lives of the people, for it makes the places
drier and hotter.
2.Global warming has become a serious problem in our country, so
everyone is encouraged to plant more trees and reduce the use of plastic bags.

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 5
Both sentences have 2 simple sentences or independent clauses and joined by
connectors so and for. These sentences are called compound sentences. What is a
compound sentence?

Compound Sentence is a sentence that is composed of at least two independent

clauses or two simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction. The most
common coordinating conjunctions used for compound sentences include for, and,
nor, but, or, yet, so.(acronym FANBOYS)

Notice and study the uses of each coordinating conjunction with their examples .

1. I got a low score on the test, for I forgot to review.

The two independent clauses are: I got a low score on the test
: I forgot to review.

Coordinating conjunction used: for (it is used to state a reason)

The first sentence or clause, I got a low score in the test is independent
because it has a subject, I and a predicate got a low score in the test, it can stand
alone. The same with the second sentence or clause, I forgot to review, I is the
subject and forgot to review is the predicate.

Do not forget to put a comma after the first independent clause prior to
writing the coordinating conjunction.

2. I like to read, and I write my daily reflections in my journal every night.

Two independent clauses: I like to read

I write my daily reflections in my journal every
night.

Coordinating conjunction used: and (It is used to add information)

3. I don’t usually wake up at 6 a.m., nor do I like to wake up at 5 a.m.

Note: The two independent clauses indicate negative state.
1. I don’t usually wake up at 6 a.m.
2. I don’t like to wake up at 5 a.m.

But with the coordinating conjunction nor which is used to indicate negative
state that continues after something negative happens, the second independent
clause drops the ‘not’, and the clause starts with a verb, and appears like a question
(do I like to wake up at 5 a.m.).

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 6
4. Reading is a wonderful hobby, but it interferes with my daily activities.

Two independent clauses: Reading is a wonderful hobby

it interferes with my daily activities.

Coordinating conjunction used: but (It is used to state contrast)

5. Would you rather read a book or would you watch a good TV show?

Two independent clauses: Would you rather read a book?

: Would you watch a good TV show?

Coordinating conjunction used: or (It is used to state options or alternatives.)

6. I always take a book to the beach, yet I never seem to turn a single page.

Two independent clauses: I always take a book to the beach.

I never seem to turn a single page.
Coordinating conjunction used: yet (it is used to introduce contrasting idea that
follows the preceding idea logically (similar to "but")

7. The bell rang for classes, so all the pupils rushed to their classroom.

Two independent clauses: The bell rang for classes

All the pupils rushed to their classroom.

Coordinating conjunction used: so (It is used to indicate effect, result or

consequence)

Semi-colon (;) can also be used when forming compound sentences.

Examples: The weather today is sunny; the sky is clear.

To understand the structures of compound sentence, remember this illustration.

COMPOUND Sentence
SENTENCE FANBOYS Sentenc
e
F A N B O Y S
for and nor but or yet so
A
NB
OY
S

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 7
Let’s try answering this.
Form a compound sentence by joining the given clauses inside the box. Use
an appropriate connector to show cause and effect and problem and solution
relationship of ideas.

He has symptoms similar to corona virus.

The Philippine government has declared lockdown of
Metro Manila.
Philippines is one of the high-risk countries from
corona virus.
He needs to get medical help as soon as possible.

Sentence # 1- Cause and Effect ________________________________________________

Sentence #2 – Problem and Solution ___________________________________________

What’s More
Now answer the activities that follow to practice your knowledge and skill
about the topic of compound sentence showing cause and effect and problem and
solution relationship of ideas.

Activity 1
Write YES on the space provided before each number if the sentence is compound
then underline its connector.
______1. I drink a cup of milk , and it makes me sleep.
______2. Ana got a low grade in English, so she studied hard until she gets
a high grade.
______3. A trip to Europe is expensive, but it is worth it
______4. Natty has not cooked anything; she bought food for her lunch.
______5. She needs to buy a gift, for it is her mother’s birthday.

Activity 2
Form a compound sentence showing cause and effect relationship by adding an
independent clause . Write your answer on the space provided. Use an appropriate
connector.

1. Alfonso loves to eat food,

__________________________________________________

2. Andrei’s group won in the battle of the band competition,

__________________________________________________

3. I want to be a teacher ,
__________________________________________________

4. An Asian tour is cheaper,

__________________________________________________

5. The class was dismissed early;

__________________________________________________

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 8
Activity 3

Form a compound sentence showing problem and solution relationship by adding

an independent clause. Write your answer on the space provided. Use an
appropriate connector.

• 1. Jed has been searching for a cottage,

______________________________________________________________
• 2. The school library becomes so warm,

______________________________________________________________
• 3. She fails to wake up early to come to school;

______________________________________________________________
• 4. Ara could not go home from school,

______________________________________________________________

• 5. Ramon couldn’t find his English book.

_______________________________________________________________

Activity 4
Compose compound sentences describing the given situations. Please refer to the
relationship of ideas given and use appropriate connector or conjunction.

air pollution Cause and Effect

1. ________________________________________

flooded
community Problem and solution
2.
_______________________________________

eroded house
Cause and effect
3
_________________________________________

rivers with many Problem and solution

4. plastic waste ________________________________________

5. heavy traffic along Problem and Solution

the road of
________________________________________
Marikina City

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 9
 What I Have Learned
Congratulations; you did a great job! In this lesson, we focused on using
compound sentence to show cause and effect, problem and solution relationship of
ideas. It is important that one must:

• Remember that compound sentence is composed of __________ or more

independent clauses /simple sentences joined by coordinating conjunctions.
• Use an appropriate connector/conjunction to join independent clauses
showing __________and __________; and problem and solution relationship of
ideas.
• Aside from coordinating conjunctions, __________ can also be used when
forming compound sentence.
• Follow the __________– __________ agreement.

What I Can Do

Now you will apply what you have learned from the lessons discussed.

A. Compose a compound sentence showing cause and effect ideas using the given
situations.

1. cause: sleepless night

________________________________________________________________________
2. cause: too much plastic waste
________________________________________________________________________
3. cause: review hard for the exams
________________________________________________________________________
4. cause: practice for the contest
________________________________________________________________________
5.cause: went out during lockdown
________________________________________________________________________

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunction and solution to form a

compound sentence.

1. I tried to read a novel in English _________________________________________.

2. The waiter is not accommodating _________________________________________.
3. Anna needed some money ________________________________________________.
4. John was not able to take the test ________________________________________.
5. She doesn’t know how to multiply_________________________________________.

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 10
 Assessment
Showcase the knowledge and skills you have learned in this lesson by answering the
assessment activity.
Compose a compound sentence showing cause and effect, and problem and
solution relationship of ideas in the following situations. Relationship of ideas to be
used are already given.
1. overweight child - (problem and solution
______________________________________________________________________________
2. infected by coronavirus – (cause and effect)
______________________________________________________________________________
3. being bullied in the class – (problem and solution)
______________________________________________________________________________
4. climate change – (cause and effect)
______________________________________________________________________________
5. shortage of water_- (cause and effect)
______________________________________________________________________________
6. destruction of corals (problem and solution)
______________________________________________________________________________

Rubrics for Assessment Activity

Points
Indicator Score
3 2 1
All sentences are 3-4 sentences are Only 1-2
1. Sentence compound, and are compound, and are sentence(s) is/are
Structure grammatically grammatically compound, and
correct. correct. is/are
grammatically
correct.
All coordinating 3-4 coordinating Only 1-2
2. Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions are coordinating
Conjunction appropriately used. appropriately used. conjucntion(s)
is/are appropriately
used.
Proper use of Proper use of Proper use of
capitalization and capitalization and capitalization and
3. Capitalization punctuation are punctuation are punctuation are
and Punctuation evident in all evident in 3 to 4 evident in 1 to 2
compound sentences. compound compound
sentences. sentence(s).

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 11
 All compound 3-4 compound Only 1-2
4. Neatness and sentences are written sentences are written sentence(s) is/are
Ordeliness neatly and legibly. neatly and legibly. written neatly and
legibly.

Additional Activities

A. What would you do if you were in these situations?

Compose compound sentences showing problem-solution-relationship of ideas
using appropriate connectors.
1. The road is under repair ______________________________________________.

2. You cannot sleep well during warm days _______________________________.

3. Your tooth really ached ___________________________________________________.

4. You suddenly choked in the middle of the meal _____________________________.

5. You failed in the entrance examination______________________________________.

B. Answer each question by composing a compound sentence showing cause

and effect situation with appropriate connector.

1. Why do you think children fight?

__________________________________________________________________
2. Why is staying at home important at times of this pandemic?

__________________________________________________________________
3. Why should you eat vegetables?

_________________________________________________________________
4. Why should you drink a lot of water?

__________________________________________________________________
5. Why should you read books?

__________________________________________________________________

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 12
 Lesson
Composing Complex Sentence
2

What’s In

Last time, you have studied about using compound sentence showing cause and
effect and problem –solution relationship of ideas. Can you still remember the
structures of a compound sentence?
You have learned that two or more simple sentences may be joined to make a
compound sentence. Each part of a compound sentence is an independent clause.
These Independent clauses are joined by a connector called coordinating
conjunction.

Read the following sentences carefully. Identify whether the sentence is

compound or not. Write yes or no on the blanks provided.

1. Some companies have cut jobs and even the employers of small businesses
have also reduced manpower due to COVID-19 Pandemic. __________

2. The coronavirus pandemic affects the lives of the people. __________

3. When the entire island was placed under “Enhanced Community Quarantine”, social
distancing was strictly implemented. _________

4. People were advised to wear facemask and observe proper hygiene.

__________
5. Many people have lost their jobs so some of them have decided to move to the
province. __________

Now that you can identify what a compound sentence is, compose
compound sentences showing the given relationship of ideas using these connectors.

• 1.for –cause and effect

______________________________________________________________________________

• 2. so – problem and solution

• 3. and- cause and effect

_______________________________________________________________________

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 13
 What’s New
In today’s lesson, you will focus on using complex sentences to show cause
and effect and problem –solution relationship of ideas. This may sound challenging
but if you read it well and understand the explanation and example, I’m sure you
will come up with a good output.

What is It

Have you ever experienced having respiratory ailments? _____________

What do you think is the cause of it? ________________________
How did you treat it? ___________________________

Source: BLRPD
solurelationshi
Read this text aloud then findp out
of ideas. ?
why many people are becoming sick of
respiratory diseases.
A. A
study
Many people are experiencing showed
illness of the respiratory diseases because
of air pollution. Air pollution is caused bythat
exhausted gases from vehicles, factory gas
listenin
emission and natural events. Since it greatly affects human health, people should
help to reduce g
air pollution. People must to
avoid smoking cigarettes because it
releases harmful chemicals. Families should music avoid using chemicals when cleaning
and painting at homes. As much as possible, improve use safe and natural paints and
cleaning products. People are encouraged s to ourparticipate in any planting activity in
local community in order that the air we sleep.
breathe would be cleaner.
B.
Listeni
1Why are many people becoming sick with ngrespiratory
to diseases?
music
___________________________________________________________________
improve
s our
2. What causes air pollution? ________________________________________
sleep
3. What problem is presented in the text?since
_____________________________
music
4. What solutions were given to solve theimprove
problem? ___________________
s our
mental
health.
C.
When I
City of Good Character couldn’
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE t sleep,
• EXCELLENCE 14
I simply
listen to
5. Using this organizer, determine the cause and effect and problem –solution
relationship of ideas used in the passage read.

1
5.1

1
2

Cause and Effect

3

Problem and Solution

5.2 1. 2.

What is It

A. Now let us study the sentences used from the text read. Identify what
relationship of ideas is shown on each:

1. Many people are becoming sick with respiratory diseases, because of air pollution.

_______________________
2. Since it greatly affects human health, people should help to reduce air pollution.
_______________________
3. People must avoid smoking cigarettes because it releases harmful chemicals.
_________________________
4. People are encouraged to participate in any planting activity in the local
community in order that the air we breathe be cleaner.
_________________________

Sentences # 1, 2,3 and 4 showed cause and effect relationship of ideas but
sentences 2 and 3 are categorized as problem –solution relationship since both
showed problem and solution ideas.

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 15
All the sentences above are called COMPLEX SENTENCES. So what is a complex
sentence ?

A Complex Sentence is a sentence that is composed of an independent clause and

at least one dependent clause joined by a subordinating conjunction.

A subordinating conjunction is a word which joins a dependent clause and an

independent clause. It introduces the dependent clause.

Dependent clause is a clause that cannot stand alone.

Independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a sentence.

Let us observe and study the structure of each example given.

1. Since it greatly affects human health, people should help to reduce air
pollution.
Independent Clause: People should help to reduce air pollution.
Dependent Clause: since it greatly affects human health
Subordinating Conjunction: since (It is used to show cause and effect)

The independent clause, people should help to reduce air

pollution, is a sentence in itself. It has the subject people and the predicate should
help to reduce air pollution . It can stand on its own, and it expresses a complete
thought.
The dependent clause, since it greatly affects human health, cannot
stand on its own even if it has the subject it and the predicate greatly affects
human health . It does not express a complete thought, and its meaning is
dependent on the information provided in the independent clause.

In example 1, the dependent clause comes first, then is followed by an in

dependent clause. But with most common examples you can start your complex
sentence with the independent clause. Just make sure that you put a comma at the
end of the dependent clause. Look at the example below .

2. People must avoid smoking cigarettes because it releases harmful

chemicals.

The Independent clause: People must avoid smoking cigarettes

The dependent clause: because it releases harmful chemicals.
The subordinating conjunction: because (It is used to state reason)
In example 2, the independent comes first, then is followed by the
dependent clause with the connector because which is used to state reason.

3. People are encouraged to participate in any planting activity in local

community in order that the air we breathe be cleaner.

The Independent clause: People are encouraged to participate in any planting

activity in local community.
The dependent clause: in order that the air we breathe be cleaner
The subordinating conjunction: in order

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 16
 These are some common subordinating conjunctions that you can use when
forming complex sentences. They are labeled according to their use and purpose.

Cause and Opposing/Contrasting Conditional

Time
Effect Ideas Ideas
after because although if
before since though unless
since so that even though only if
until as whereas whether or not
till in order that while even if
when that as if once
while now that as in case (that)

Aside from subordinating conjunctions, relative pronouns (who, whom,

whose, which, that) can also be used when forming complex sentences.
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces dependent clauses in sentences.
Relative pronouns are placed directly after the noun or pronoun they modify.

B. Let’s try answering the questions that follow.

1. He failed in the test because he did not review his lesson last night.
a. What connector is used in the sentence? ________
b. Is it a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun? _________
c. How would you classify the dependent clause used? ___________
d. What does it modify? __________

C. Now, let’s practice forming complex sentence using the given clauses. Please
use appropriate connectors and refer to the relationship of ideas given.

I took a walk in the park to refresh

He researches it in the internet.
I felt tired.
. My son is not familiar with the integral lesson in
Mathematics.

1. Cause and effect _________________________________________________

2. Problem and solution_______________________________________________

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 17
 What’s More

Answer the activities that follow to practice your knowledge and skill about
using complex sentence with cause and effect and problem and solution relationship
of ideas.

.
Activity 1
Which of the following is a complex sentence? Put a / check for complex sentence
on the blank before each number then underline the connector used in the sentence.
___________ 1. When he checked my work, he found out that one of my answers is
wrong.
____________2. Before I went to the market, I cleaned first our house.
____________3. I really want to eat chocolate, yet my tooth aches.
____________4. She saw Mrs. Cruz whom she admires so much in school.
____________5. After I did the activity, someone knocked on the door.

Activity 2
A. Form a complex sentence by adding an independent or dependent clause showing
cause and effect relationship . Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Since she was very tired

_________________________________________________________________________
2. Many students get a very low score in Mathematics because
_________________________________________________________________________
3. People are advised to stay at home in order that
________________________________________________________________________
4. Many sold their car so that
_________________________________________________________________________
5. The baby cried when
_________________________________________________________________________

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 18
B. Form a complex sentence by adding an independent clause showing problem
and solution relationship. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Since the policemen are strict in enforcing the rules of ECQ,

___________________________.

2. Because I forgot to bring my quarantine pass

____________________________

3. COVID-19 is an infectious disease therefore

_______________________

4. Since I was not allowed to pass at the border

____________________________________

5. My auntie has experienced anxiety because

____________________________________

Activity 3
A. Compose a complex sentence describing each situation. Please refer to the
given relationship of ideas.

1. Water that was spilled (problem and solution)

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Vegetables that are planted in the backyard (Cause and Effect)

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Having being soaked in the rain (Cause and Effect)

________________________________________________________________________________

4. seawater with plastic wastes (problem and Solution)

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. soil erosion (problem and solution)

_______________________________________________________________________________

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 19
 What I Have Learned

In this lesson, we focused on using complex sentence to show cause

and effect, problem and solution relationship of ideas. In writing complex sentences
always be reminded that:
1. All complex sentences have an independent clause and at least one
__________ clause.
2. To connect independent and dependent clauses, you need __________
conjunctions. You may also use relative pronouns when forming complex
sentences.
3. When the dependent clause is at the beginning of the sentence, you need a
__________ at the end of the dependent clause.
4. When the subordinating conjunction is in the __________ of the sentence,
you do not need a comma.
5. Always use appropriate __________ to show cause and effect and problem

and solution relationship of ideas and observe subject and verb agreement.

What I Can Do

Apply what you have learned about using complex sentences to show cause
and effect and problem- solution relationship of ideas.

Use complex sentence to show cause and effect or problem- solution relationship
of ideas in the following situations. Please refer to the given relationship of ideas.

1. afraid to swim in the sea (problem and solution)

_______________________________________________________________________
2. she doesn’t like to read books (cause and effect)

__________________________________________________________________
3. there was a drought (problem and solution)

_________________________________________________________________
4. the boy spent playing the video game all night (cause and effect)

__________________________________________________________________

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 20
5. the boy went home late from playing basketball. (cause and effect)

__________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Showcase the knowledge and skills you have learned in this lesson by
answering the assessment activity.
Use complex sentence to show cause -effect and problem - solution relationship of
ideas in the following situations. Relationship of ideas to be used are already given.
1. water pollution- problem and solution
Complex Sentence ______________________________________
2. mountain that has many cut trees- cause and effect
Complex Sentence ______________________________________________________
3. fisherman who catches fishes using dynamites- Problem and solution
Complex Sentence _________________________________________________________
4. farmers who cleared the place using kaingin – Cause and Effect
Complex Sentence ___________________________________________________________
5. man who smokes cigarettes- Cause and Effect
Complex Sentence ________________________________________________________

Rubrics for Application and Assessment Activities

Points
Indicator Score
3 2 1
All sentences are 3-4 sentences Only 1-2
1. Sentence complex, and are arecomplex, and are sentence(s) is/are
Structure grammatically grammatically complex, and is/are
correct correct. grammatically
correct.
All subordinating 3-4subordinating Only 1-2
2. Subordinating conjunctions are conjunctions are subordinating
Conjunctions appropriately used. appropriately used. conjucntion(s)
is/are appropriately
used.
Proper use of Proper use of Proper use of
capitalization and capitalization and capitalization and
3. Capitalization punctuation are punctuation are punctuation are
and Punctuation evident in allcomplex evident in 3 to 4 evident in 1 to 2
sentences. compound /complex compound
sentences. /complex
sentence(s).

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 21
 All complex 3-4 complex Only 1-2
4. Neatness and sentences are written sentences are written sentence(s) is/are
Ordeliness neatly and legibly. neatly and legibly. written neatly and
legibly.
5. Relationship of All complex 3-4 complex Only 1-2 Complex
ideas used sentences used sentences used sentences used
proper relationship of proper relationship proper relationship
ideas of ideas of ideas.

Additional Activities

Try to listen or watch any news story presented by a reporter on

television, then tell something about it using complex sentences with cause
and effect and problem and solution relationship of ideas.
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________

Post -Assessment Activity

Directions: Answer the following questions below. Select your answers from the
options provided after each item. Choose the letter of the correct answer

• 1.Which of the following sentences used a connector that indicates cause

and effect or consequences?
A. She is a good baker, but she doesn’t have the time.
B. The boys set the place, and the girls prepared the food.
C. It was a long trip, so I decided to listen to music.
D. She loves to eat junk food, but it is bad to her health

• 2. Which of the following sentences shows a complex sentence?

A. They smiled at us when they saw us coming.
B. My mother is a good writer; she is also an excellent journalist.
C. The member of the band shouted with glee, for they will have a
concert.
D. We are prepared to do it, but we still have forgotten something
important.

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 22
• 3. Which complex sentence shows cause and effect relationship of ideas?
A. Music significantly enhances learning.
B. It is easier to fall asleep when you are in a happy mood.
C. Listening to music makes both sides of our brain active.
D. Listening to music is my greatest pleasure because it makes me feel
good.

• 4. What kind of sentence is shown in “President Rodrigo Duterte held a press

briefing and he discussed some of the guidelines of ECQ implementation”
A. Compound sentence C. Simple Sentence
B. Complex sentence Declarative Sentence

• 5. Which of the following is a compound sentence that shows problem and

solution relationship?
A. People should learn to relax to relieve stress.
B. Simple act of talking to another human can relieve stress.
C. Stress can affect human health so one must know how to relieve it.
D. When one is tired, it also increases stress that can disrupt sleep.

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 23
 References

1. Information used for the text about global warming was taken/lifted
from https://www.slideshare.net/shoaib7832/global-warming-full-
topic
2. Textbooks used:
- English Made Easy
- Language Arts 6 (Vibal)
- Joy in Learning English 5

3. Illustration of global warming was illustrated by Jazmin Cielo A. Orticio

4. Information about complex sentence / subordinating conjunction

https://7esl.com/subordinating-conjunctions/
5. Meaning of relative pronoun
https://study.com/academy/lesson/relative-pronouns-definition-
examples-quiz.html
6. Text used to introduce the lesson was taken
from Joy in Learning English pp.314
7. Textbooks used:
- Language Arts 6 (Vibal)
- Linkages for Excellence 5
Basic and Beyond Language 6
4. Textbooks used:
8. Illustration was taken from BLRPD (BUREAU OF LEARNING
RESOURCES PRODUCTION DIVISION) ...

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 24
 Development Team of the Module
Writers: Lorna P. Orticio (MALES)
Editors: Alona P. Villamon (CIS-EL)
Annalli B. Salazar (SH-FES)
Internal Reviewer: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS-English
External Validators: Jennifer Dizon Turner (PNU Professor)
Gerlie C Lopez (PNU Professor)
Andrew Rey S. Peña (PNU Professor)
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Patrick R. Mella Jr. (SNES)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
Education Program Supervisor - English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: [email protected]

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE 25