Basic Electronics - Wired Communication Protocols in Embedded Design - Latest Open Tech From Seeed
Basic Electronics - Wired Communication Protocols in Embedded Design - Latest Open Tech From Seeed
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In the Electronic world, communication protocols are the backbone links for an embedded (https://www.seeedstudio.com/free-
system, thus they are very important for us Seeekers to understand what they are, why they shipping.html?
are used, and the difference between communication protocols. utm_source=blog&utm_medium=banner&utm_
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First thing first, wired communication protocols are simply a set of rules that allow two or
more entities of a communication system to transmit information via physical medium.
Manufacturing and
Therefore, the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication and possible error
Hardware Customization
recovery methods between communication systems are all defined by the term “protocol”. (https://www.seeedstudio.com
Protocols can be implemented by both hardware and software or a combination of both.
Further, each protocol has its own application area. In this blog, I will walk you though some
of the most common communication protocols used in embedded designs, and of course
there are plenty more for you to explore!
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Inter system protocols are communications between two communicating devices i.e. between
a PC and development boards, thus communication is via inter bus system.
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USB (Universal Serial Bus) Protocols provides a fast master/slave interface using a tiered star (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2024/02
topology supporting up to 127 devices with up to 6 tiers. A PC is generally the master or host voice-chatbot-deploy-riva-and-llama2-on-
and each of the peripherals linked to it act as slaves or devices. USB 1.X and 2.X, use 4 lines, recomputer/)
Vcc, Ground, and D+/D-, a twisted pair of data lines using NRZI (Non-Return to Zero Invert)
encoding, as the USB pinout shown below. Data is transmitted in the form of packets, which is XIAO Community Speaks Out: Your Valuable
composed of 8 bits (1 byte) with the LSB (Least Significant Bit) transmitted first. Steers the Course for the Future of Our XIAO S
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Most of Seeed’s development boards, such as the Seeeduino 4.2 (http://bit.ly/2FNsJDZ) or the Licensed Products Case Stories
Wio Cat. NB1/M1 (http://bit.ly/302z7ik) come ready with USB ports so they can easily be (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/categor
programmed and communicate to your PC. Some boards however must be programmed via products-case-stories/)
TTL or RS232. For these we sell items such as the PL2303 USB to Serial (TTL) News
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Only two wires are needed to transmit data between two UARTs; data flows from Tx pin of the (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/ARD
transmitting UART to the Rx pin of the receiving UART. UART transmits data asynchronously,
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which means that no clock signal is needed in transmitting and receiving data. Thus, UART
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uses start and stop bits with actual data bits. When the receiving UART detects a start bit, it
starts to read the incoming bits at a specific frequency known as the baud rate. Both UARTs
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must operate at about the same baud rate. The baud rate between the transmitting and
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receiving ends can only differ by about 10% before the timing of bits gets too far off.
VISION/)
The Intra system protocol establishes communication between components within the circuit INCLUSIVETECHNOLOGY (38)
board. In embedded systems, intra system protocol increases the number of components (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INCL
connected to the controllers.
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On device communication protocols are known as intra system communication protocols.
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These are used in scenarios such as sending a sensor’s value to an MCU. Most of our Grove
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Modules communicate via these protocols.
master must have multiple GPIO pins available if it is to speak with multiple slaves. To get
around this, some devices will use a multiplexor to select the slaves. IOT SOLUTIONS (90)
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SPI is full-duplex, meaning it is able to send and receive data simultaneously. While the SOLUTIONS/)
master is providing new instructions or information via the MOSI line, the slave can return
messages or results via the MISO line. This allows for faster overall throughput. LORA (63)
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CAN protocol can be defined as the set of rules for transmitting and receiving messages in a (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SUS
network of electronic devices. It was designed for robust and flexible performance in harsh DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/)
environments, and particularly for industrial and automotive application. In particular, CAN
was developed to reduce cable wiring, so the separate electronic control units (ECUs) inside a TINYML (53)
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vehicle could communicate with only pair of wires, as stated below.
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1. Automotive oriented
2. Complex protocol
And for CAN protocol, we have released several products such as the Serial Can-Bus Module
(http://bit.ly/2JhOBIv), CAN-BUS Shield (http://bit.ly/2Ys68nU), of which allows you to use
common industrial bus. We also just released a new RaspberryPi HAT, 2 -Chanel CAN-BUS(FD)
Shield. (http://bit.ly/2Xl7sHw)
This blog briefly explained some of the most commonly used communication protocols used
in embedded design, of which are used in different applications. I hope this provides you a
little background knowledge of our products and excite you to explore more.
For more, please feel free to leave us a comment for the communication protocols you would
like to like!
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