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Basic Electronics - Wired Communication Protocols in Embedded Design - Latest Open Tech From Seeed

This document provides information about Seeed Studio's official store and various services including customization, manufacturing, and distribution. It also lists their social media accounts and links to their blog and project hub. The blog post discusses different types of wired communication protocols for embedded systems including USB, UART, I2C, SPI, and RS-232. It provides details on each protocol's application, advantages, and disadvantages.

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utpola
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views

Basic Electronics - Wired Communication Protocols in Embedded Design - Latest Open Tech From Seeed

This document provides information about Seeed Studio's official store and various services including customization, manufacturing, and distribution. It also lists their social media accounts and links to their blog and project hub. The blog post discusses different types of wired communication protocols for embedded systems including USB, UART, I2C, SPI, and RS-232. It provides details on each protocol's application, advantages, and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

utpola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OFFICIAL STORE (https://www.seeedstudio.com/) FUSION (https://www.seeedstudio.com/fusion.

html)

CUSTOMIZATION (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/customization-service/) MANUFACTURING (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/manufacturing-service/)

DISTRIBUTION (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/distribution-service/)

LATEST OPEN TECH FROM SEEED


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/) EMERGING IOT, AI AND AUTONOMOUS APPLICATIONS ON THE EDGE

TWITTER (HTTPS://TWITTER.COM/SEEEDSTUDIO) LINKEDIN (HTTPS://WWW.LINKEDIN.COM/COMPANY/SEEEDSTUDIO)

DISCORD (HTTPS://DISCORD.COM/INVITE/QQMGVWHT3X) PROJECT HUB (HTTPS://WWW.HACKSTER.IO/SEEED)

NEWS (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/CATEGORY/NEWS/)

Basic Electronics: Wired Communication Special Offer


Protocols in Embedded Design
By Anson He (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/author/anson/) 5 years ago

In the Electronic world, communication protocols are the backbone links for an embedded (https://www.seeedstudio.com/free-
system, thus they are very important for us Seeekers to understand what they are, why they shipping.html?
are used, and the difference between communication protocols. utm_source=blog&utm_medium=banner&utm_
shipping-zone-1017)
Also please leave us feedback. We at Seeed Studio are hoping to turn this series of blogs into
wiki articles, and appreciate any feedback.
Seeed Fusion Agile
First thing first, wired communication protocols are simply a set of rules that allow two or
more entities of a communication system to transmit information via physical medium.
Manufacturing and
Therefore, the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication and possible error
Hardware Customization
recovery methods between communication systems are all defined by the term “protocol”. (https://www.seeedstudio.com
Protocols can be implemented by both hardware and software or a combination of both.
Further, each protocol has its own application area. In this blog, I will walk you though some
of the most common communication protocols used in embedded designs, and of course
there are plenty more for you to explore!

Types of communication protocols in embedded systems


(https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2023/07/1
Communication protocols are widely classified into two types, as stated in the diagram
functional-testing-upgraded-enjoy-better-
service-by-seeed-fusion-pcb-assembly/?
utm_source=Seeed+blog&utm_medium=Banne

Subscribe to
Newsletter
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SUBSCRIBE N

Inter system protocols are communications between two communicating devices i.e. between
a PC and development boards, thus communication is via inter bus system.
Latest Posts
USB Protocols Local Voice Chatbot – Deploy Riva and Llama
reComputer
USB (Universal Serial Bus) Protocols provides a fast master/slave interface using a tiered star (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2024/02
topology supporting up to 127 devices with up to 6 tiers. A PC is generally the master or host voice-chatbot-deploy-riva-and-llama2-on-
and each of the peripherals linked to it act as slaves or devices. USB 1.X and 2.X, use 4 lines, recomputer/)
Vcc, Ground, and D+/D-, a twisted pair of data lines using NRZI (Non-Return to Zero Invert)
encoding, as the USB pinout shown below. Data is transmitted in the form of packets, which is XIAO Community Speaks Out: Your Valuable

composed of 8 bits (1 byte) with the LSB (Least Significant Bit) transmitted first. Steers the Course for the Future of Our XIAO S
(https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2024/02
community-speaks-out-your-valuable-feedb
steers-the-course-for-the-future-of-our-xiao-

Seeed Monthly Wrap-Up for January: Explore


Learning and Beyond
(https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2024/02
monthly-wrapup-for-january-explore-machin
learning-and-eyond/)

Previously on chatCEO s24e01: AI+Everything


Beyond
(https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2024/02
on-chatceo-s24e01-aieverything-in-ces-and-

Maker Camp in Shenzhen-2401: A Recap of M


At Scale – Jan 2024
(https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2024/02
REF: Components 101 (https://components101.com/connectors/usb-type-a-female) camp-in-shenzhen-2401-a-recap-of-mit-rese
scale/)
Advantages of USB protocol

1. Fast and simple


2. Plug and play functionality
3. Near universal adoption Categories
Build
Disadvantages of USB protocol (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/categor

1. Requires powerful master device Deploy


2. Specific drivers are required (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/categor

Most of Seeed’s development boards, such as the Seeeduino 4.2 (http://bit.ly/2FNsJDZ) or the Licensed Products Case Stories
Wio Cat. NB1/M1 (http://bit.ly/302z7ik) come ready with USB ports so they can easily be (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/categor
programmed and communicate to your PC. Some boards however must be programmed via products-case-stories/)
TTL or RS232. For these we sell items such as the PL2303 USB to Serial (TTL) News
(http://bit.ly/2JhkRM4) to help. (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/categor

UART Seeed Studio Fusion


(https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/categor
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) is not a communication protocol but a studio-fusion/)
physical circuitry that converts parallel data into serial data. In UART communication, two
Tech
UARTS communicate directly with each other. The transmitter UART converts data from a
(https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/categor
controlling device like a CPU into serial form, transits it in serial to the receiving UART, which
then converts the serial data back into parallel data for the receiving device.
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Tags
AI (52)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/AI/)

REF: Circuit Basics (http://www.circuitbasics.com/basics-uart-communication/)


ARDUINO (178)

Only two wires are needed to transmit data between two UARTs; data flows from Tx pin of the (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/ARD

transmitting UART to the Rx pin of the receiving UART. UART transmits data asynchronously,
COMMUNITY (158)
which means that no clock signal is needed in transmitting and receiving data. Thus, UART
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/COM
uses start and stop bits with actual data bits. When the receiving UART detects a start bit, it
starts to read the incoming bits at a specific frequency known as the baud rate. Both UARTs
COMPUTER VISION (62)
must operate at about the same baud rate. The baud rate between the transmitting and
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/COM
receiving ends can only differ by about 10% before the timing of bits gets too far off.
VISION/)

Advantages of UART protocol


EDGE AI (52)
1. Only requires two wires (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/EDG
2. No clock signal is necessary AI/)
3. Cost effective
EDGE COMPUTING (46)
Disadvantages of UART protocol
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/EDG
1. The size of the data frame is limited to a maximum of 9 bits COMPUTING/)
2. Doesn’t support multiple master/slave functionality
GROVE (169)
UART is very commonly used, for example, Seeeduino Cortex-M0+ (http://bit.ly/2KPicfG)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/GRO
provides one on-board UART, we also have our Grove – UART Wi-Fi Module
(http://bit.ly/2XC9lEb), USB to UART Converter (http://bit.ly/2JoaYfk) and so on.
IIOT (100)
Intra System Communication Protocols (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/IIOT/

The Intra system protocol establishes communication between components within the circuit INCLUSIVETECHNOLOGY (38)
board. In embedded systems, intra system protocol increases the number of components (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INCL
connected to the controllers.
INDUSTRIAL IOT (52)
On device communication protocols are known as intra system communication protocols.
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INDU
These are used in scenarios such as sending a sensor’s value to an MCU. Most of our Grove
IOT/)
Modules communicate via these protocols.

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) INNOVATION (51)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INNO
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a common communication protocol used by many different
chipsets. Devices which communicate via SPI are in a master/slave relationship. The master is INTERNET OF THINGS (42)
the controlling device (usually a micro-controller) while the slave (usually a sensor, display, or (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INTE
memory chip) takes instruction from the master. SPI uses 4 wires named MOSI (Master Out OF-THINGS/)
Slave In), MISO (Master In Slave Out, SS (Slave Select), and SCLK (Serial Clock). Further, the SS
line is used to select the appropriate slave by pulling the SS low where it is normally held IOT (298)
high. If the SS line is low the chip will begin to take instruction from the master. However a (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/IOT/

master must have multiple GPIO pins available if it is to speak with multiple slaves. To get
around this, some devices will use a multiplexor to select the slaves. IOT SOLUTIONS (90)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/IOT-
SPI is full-duplex, meaning it is able to send and receive data simultaneously. While the SOLUTIONS/)
master is providing new instructions or information via the MOSI line, the slave can return
messages or results via the MISO line. This allows for faster overall throughput. LORA (63)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/LOR
LORAWAN (111)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/LOR

LORAWAN IOT (70)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/LOR
IOT/)

MACHINE LEARNING (70)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/MAC
LEARNING/)

MAKER (52)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/MAK

NEW PRODUCT (76)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/NEW
PRODUCT/)

NEWS (37)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/NEW

NVIDIA (77)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/NVID

NVIDIA JETSON (82)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/NVID
JETSON/)

REF: Circuit Basics (http://www.circuitbasics.com/basics-of-the-spi-communication-protocol) OPEN HARDWARE (231)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/OPE
Advantages of SPI protocol HARDWARE/)

1. One master supports multiple slaves


OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE (50)
2. No start and stop bits, so the data can be transmitted continuously without interruption or
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/OPE
overhead
SOURCE-HARDWARE/)
3. Can transmit and receive simultaneously (full-duplex)
4. Higher data transfer rate than I2C
OPEN TECH (50)
Disadvantages of SPI protocol (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/OPE
TECH/)
1. Require more wires than other protocols
2. More slaves leads to circuit complexity PCB (164)
3. Related to 1 and 2, this scales horribly (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/PCB

Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) Communication Protocol


PCB MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY (121)
(I2C) Inter Integrated Circuit, pronounces “eye-two-see” or “eye-squared-see”, combines the (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/FUS
best features of SPI and UART. With I2C, you are able to connect multiple slaves to a single
master (just like SPI) or having multiple masters controlling single or even multiple slaves. PROJECT (39)
This is extremely useful when you are logging data into a single LCD from more than one (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/PRO
micro-controller. For example, our Grove – LCD RGB Backlight (http://bit.ly/2Jeyuvt) and our
Grove – Quad Alphanumeric Display (http://bit.ly/2NpXQeZ) also uses I2C for RASPBERRY PI (171)
communications. (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/RAS
PI/)

RASPBERRY PI 4 (52)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/RAS
PI-4/)

SDG (41)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SDG
SEEED NEWS (99)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEE
NEWS/)

SEEEDUINO (76)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEE

SEEEDUINO XIAO (39)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEE
XIAO/)

SENSECAP (146)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEN

REF: Circuit Basics (http://www.circuitbasics.com/basics-of-the-i2c-communication-protocol)


SENSECAP LORAWAN (61)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEN
Similar to UART, I2C only uses two wires to transmit data between devices: SDA(Serial Data)
LORAWAN/)
and SCL(Serial Clock). Like SPI, I2C is synchronous, so the output of the bits is synchronized to
the sampling of bits by a clock signal shared between the master and the slave. The clock
SENSOR (45)
signal is always controlled by the master.
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEN

Advantages of I2C protocol SMART AGRICULTURE (61)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SMA
1. One master support multiple slaves connectivity AGRICULTURE/)
2. Support multiple masters and multiple slaves
3. Higher data transfer rate than I2C SMART FARMING (38)
4. Can support over 1000 devices using just two lines (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SMA
FARMING/)
Disadvantages of I2C protocol

1. Limited speed SUCCESS CASES (59)


2. A single bus line for transmitting and receiving (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SUC
3. The size of the data frame is limited to 8 bits CASES/)

CAN (Controller Area Network) Protocols


SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (40)

CAN protocol can be defined as the set of rules for transmitting and receiving messages in a (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SUS

network of electronic devices. It was designed for robust and flexible performance in harsh DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/)

environments, and particularly for industrial and automotive application. In particular, CAN
was developed to reduce cable wiring, so the separate electronic control units (ECUs) inside a TINYML (53)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/TINY
vehicle could communicate with only pair of wires, as stated below.

WIO TERMINAL (100)


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/WIO
TERMINAL/)

XIAO (55)
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/XIAO

REF: All about circuits (https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/introduction-to-can-


controller-area-network/)

Advantages of CAN protocol

1. Secured and fast protocol


2. Low cost and reliable

Disadvantages of CAN protocol

1. Automotive oriented
2. Complex protocol

And for CAN protocol, we have released several products such as the Serial Can-Bus Module
(http://bit.ly/2JhOBIv), CAN-BUS Shield (http://bit.ly/2Ys68nU), of which allows you to use
common industrial bus. We also just released a new RaspberryPi HAT, 2 -Chanel CAN-BUS(FD)
Shield. (http://bit.ly/2Xl7sHw)

This blog briefly explained some of the most commonly used communication protocols used
in embedded design, of which are used in different applications. I hope this provides you a
little background knowledge of our products and excite you to explore more.

For more, please feel free to leave us a comment for the communication protocols you would
like to like!

REFERENCE: Circuit Basics (http://www.circuitbasics.com)

About Author

Anson He
(https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/author/anson/)
See author's posts
(https://www.seeed (https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/author/anson/)
studio.com/blog/au
thor/anson/)

TAGS: COMMUNICATION (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/COMMUNICATION/), EMBEDDED SYSTEMS


(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/EMBEDDED-SYSTEMS/), IOT
(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/IOT/)

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(HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/2019/06/27 (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/2019/07/03
/BEST-ACCESSORIES-GUIDE-FOR-RASPBERRY-PI-4/) /BACK-TO-2009-RAINBOWDUINO-IS-ALIVE/)

Tags
AI (52) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/AI/) ARDUINO (178) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/ARDUINO/)

COMMUNITY (158) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/COMMUNITY/)

COMPUTER VISION (62) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/COMPUTER-VISION/) EDGE AI (52) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/EDGE-AI/)

EDGE COMPUTING (46) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/EDGE-COMPUTING/) GROVE (169) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/GROVE/)

IIOT (100) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/IIOT/) INCLUSIVETECHNOLOGY (38) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INCLUSIVETECHNOLOGY/)

INDUSTRIAL IOT (52) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INDUSTRIAL-IOT/) INNOVATION (51) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INNOVATION/)

INTERNET OF THINGS (42) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/INTERNET-OF-THINGS/) IOT (298) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/IOT/)

IOT SOLUTIONS (90) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/IOT-SOLUTIONS/) LORA (63) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/LORA/)

LORAWAN (111) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/LORAWAN/) LORAWAN IOT (70) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/LORAWAN-IOT/)

MACHINE LEARNING (70) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/MACHINE-LEARNING/) MAKER (52) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/MAKER/)

NEW PRODUCT (76) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/NEW-PRODUCT/) NEWS (37) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/NEWS/)

NVIDIA (77) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/NVIDIA/) NVIDIA JETSON (82) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/NVIDIA-JETSON/)


OPEN HARDWARE (231) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/OPEN-HARDWARE/)

OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE (50) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/OPEN-SOURCE-HARDWARE/)

OPEN TECH (50) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/OPEN-TECH/) PCB (164) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/PCB/)

PCB MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY (121) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/FUSION/)

PROJECT (39) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/PROJECT/) RASPBERRY PI (171) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/RASPBERRY-PI/)

RASPBERRY PI 4 (52) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/RASPBERRY-PI-4/) SDG (41) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SDG/)

SEEED NEWS (99) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEEED-NEWS/) SEEEDUINO (76) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEEEDUINO/)

SEEEDUINO XIAO (39) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SEEEDUINO-XIAO/) SENSECAP (146) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SENSECAP/)

SENSECAP LORAWAN (61) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SENSECAP-LORAWAN/) SENSOR (45) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SENSOR/)

SMART AGRICULTURE (61) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SMART-AGRICULTURE/)

SMART FARMING (38) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SMART-FARMING/)

SUCCESS CASES (59) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SUCCESS-CASES/)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (40) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/SUSTAINABLE-DEVELOPMENT-GOALS/)

TINYML (53) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/TINYML/) WIO TERMINAL (100) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/WIO-TERMINAL/)

XIAO (55) (HTTPS://WWW.SEEEDSTUDIO.COM/BLOG/TAG/XIAO/)

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