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Class 12 Maths Previous Year Question - Compressed

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Class 12 Maths Previous Year Question - Compressed

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yee gy noe ant Of 1 Horizontal tne | \, 4 r Horzental line o (a) (oy (@) f(x) =24 +1 is one-one function (®) fx) =2” ismany-one function. Multiple Choice Questions Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. 2 5. A relation Rin set A ={1, 2, 3) is defined as R ordered pair in R shall be removed to make 1,1), (1,2), ©, 2), G, 3)). Which of the following an equivalence relation in A? [CBSE Sample Paper (2021-22) (Term-1)) @ a1) ) 2) © 22) @ 3) Let the relation & in the set A= yx, ye NE ©) R={@y)ix+y=10,x,yeN) () R= (x,y): xvis the square number, x,y € N} @R G, y)ix+4y= 10% ye N) idea Mathematics-Xil 8. The number of equivalence relations in the set {1, 2, 3} containing the elements (1, 2) and (2, 1) is [CBSE 2021-22 (Term-1)] (@ 0 1 2 3 9. Arelation R is defined on Z as: # RDif and only if a? ~7ab + 6b? = 0. Then, Ris [CBSE 2021-22 (Term-1)] (@) reflexive and symmetric (0) symmetric but not reflexive (c) transitive but not reflexive (@) reflexive but not symmetric 10. Ifa relation R on the set {1, 2, 3) be defined by R = {(1, 2)}, then Ris (NCERT Exenaplar] (a) ReAexive (8) Transitive (0) Symmotric (@) None af these 11. Let R be a relation on A =a, b, ¢} such that R = {(a, a), (, D), (¢, 0), then Ris (a) Reflexive (®) Symmetric only () Noniransitive (d) Equivalence 12, Let R be the relation in the set N given by R={(a, 6) :a=b-2, b> 6),then [CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22 (Term-1)] @ @A)ER ©) @HcR (©) 6,8)eR MEER 13, Let A and Bbe finite sets containing m and m elements respectively. The number of relations that can be defined from A to Bis wm woe (mm (wo 14, Let A =13, 5). Then number of reflexive relations on A is [CBSE 2023 (65/5/11 (a) 2 m4 oo @s 15, The relation R in the set {1, 2,3) given by R ={(, 2), @, 0, (1, Ih is [CBSE 2020 (65/2/1)1 (@) symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive (b) reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive (6) symmetric, but neither reflexive nor transitive (d) an equivalence relation 16. Let A ={1,3, 5} Then the number of equivalence relations in 4 containing (1, 3) is [CBSE 2020 (65/2/1)1 1 (2 (3 wa 17, The function f: R + R defined as ftx) [CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22 (Term-1)] (a) one-one but net onto (b) not one-one but onto, (c) neither one-one ror onto (a) one-one and onto 18, Set 4 has3 olements and the set B has 4 elements. Then the number of injective mapping that can be defined from A to Bis [NCERT Exereplar] (a) 148 (o) 12 (2 (Wd) 64 19. Let A= 1, 2,3), B= (4, 5,6, 7] and let/=1(1, 4),(2, 5), G, 6)] be a function from A to B. Based an the given information, fis best defined as [CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22 (Term-1)] (a) surjective function (b) injective function (c) bijective function (4) function 20, The number of functions defined from (1, 2, 3, 4,5} — {a,b} which are one-one is (CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22 (Term-1)} @s 3 2 @o 21, The function f:R — R defined by fix) = 4+ 3 cosxis (CBSE 2021-22 (Term-1)] (a) bijective {b) one-one but not onto, (6) onto but not one-one (4) neither one-one nor onto unctions 13 22, Let f:R — Rbo defined by (x)= 4, forall, x © R.Then, fis [CBSE2021-22 (Term-2)] (a) one-one (b) onto (0) bijective (@) not defined nei, 23. The function f:N — Nis defined by fin)=] 7 7 [CRSF 2021-29 (Term-1)) 5 ifmiseven The function fis (a) bijective (6) one-one but not onto, (6) onto but not one-one (A) neither one-one nor onto Answers 1 2 (@ 3. (@) 4) 5.) 6 @) 70) 80) 2.0 10. (6) 11. (a) 1220 13. @) 4.) 15. @) 16. ®) a7. (@) 18. (c) 9. 0) 20. @) 2d) 2. (d) 23. (0) Solutions of Selected Multiple Choice Questions 1. Given relation Ron set A = {1 Re((1, 0), (1,2),2,2), 6,3) From the given relation R if we removed (1, 2) then R=({(1, 1), @,2),,3)} is an equivalence relation in A. Hence, ordered pair (1, 2) should be removed. © Option () is correct. Az|x=1| isa multiple of 4) = (1,5,9) Option (a) is correct. 4, Given, aRb => ais brotherofb This does not mean that b is also a brother of a because b can be a sister ofa. Hence, Ris not symmettic. Again, aRh = aisbrotherofh and hRe > his brother of c i So, ais brother of c Hence, Ris transitive. Option () is comrect, 5. Number of equivalence relation in A = By B= Bass = 5 CB CBG =1424+2=5 [> Bo= ‘Option (@) is correct. 6 ForimeL i€(@,m)eR = lim = mLi= m)eR +. Rissymmetric. Option (p) is correct 10. 1 2 A relation Ris defined on Nby R= {(x, y) :xy 1s the square number, 1, yeN Let xeN = @x)ixxx= > (NER * Ris reflexive on N. ? which is a square number €N Option (¢) is correct. We have total possible pairs = (1, 1, (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2, 2),(2,3), (3, 1),, 2), 8, 3)} The smallest equivalence relation R, containing (1, 2) and (2, 1) is {(1,1), (2, 2, (3,3), (1,2), (2, Dh Now, weare left with any 4 pairs namely @, 3), (3, 2), (1,3)and (3, 1) If we add any one, say (2, 3) to R; then for symmetry we must add (3, 2) also and for transitivity we are forced to add (1, 3) and @, 1). Thus the only equivalence relation bigger than Ry is the ‘universal relation. This shows that the total number of equivalence relations containing (1, 2) and (2.1)istwo, +: Option (¢) is correct We have a relation R defined on Z as aRb if and only ifa*—7ab + 64 Reflexive: Let aeZ Tis reflexive. Symmetric: Lota, he Zand (a, eR akb = a’-7> 6" =0 but ba because b?—7ha = 62? 0 (may or may not be 2er0) + Itis not symmetric. Hence, Ris reflexive but not symmetric. +. Option (a) is correct. ={(Q,2),A={1,2,3) Clearly R is neither reflexive nor symmetric. As (1,2) € Rbut 4 (2,b) € Riorb © A such that (1,4) €R. Hence R is a transitive relation on 4 ++ Option (6) is correct. R= (a1) (6, D, (6-0) Reflexive: Tet (x, x) © R VrE A So, R is reflexive Symmetric: For (x; y) € R, So, R is symmetuie. For (x, y) € R there is no (y, 2) € R such that (x, 2) € R so Ris transitive = WNER Wy, yeA Hence, K is an equivalence relation. © Option (@) is correct a=b-2and b>6 ~ Geer Option (¢) is correct. 6 4. 15. 16. 18, 19. 21 If a set containing 1 elements thea number of Here n(A) = -. Number of symmetric relations Option (b) is correct. Given relation Rin the set {1, 2, 3) given by R = {(1, 2), @, 1), (1, 1)} is symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive because (2,2) FR and 3,3) © R Option (a) is correct. Given set A = [1,3,5} We have, smallest equivalence relation R, = ((1, 1),(3,3),(5.5), (1,3),@,1)) Ifwe add (3, 5), then we have to add (5, 3) also, as itis symmetric. Second equivalence relation will be R= (4, 3),B,0.0,0,B,3), 6, 5),B,5),6,3)(1,5).6, Dt Hence, number of equivalence relations containing (1, 3) is 2. Option (bis correct Let fry) = f(t) Vm € R (domain) = says EH => fis one-one. Letfiy=ayVye R (co-domain) = yreR (Comain) Every image ye R (co-domain) hasa unique pre image in R (domain). = fisonio. Hence, fis one-one and onto. +. Option (é) is correct, The total number of injective mappings from the set containing n elements into the set containing im elements is "P,. So hereitis *P, = 4! =24 As every pre-image x © A has a unique image y € B. = fis injective function Option (b) is correct Let X= {1, 2,3, 4,5) and Y= (a, 6) Number of functions defined from f: X -+ ¥ which are one-one is zero (0), because number of elements in set X is 5 and number of elemanisin set Yis2_ => n(X)>n() = No one-one function possible. Option (a) is correct Given function f: R -+ R defined by fix) = 4+3 cosx Oneone: Let x, =Oand x,=20 je nex, = c08 x = cos 0=1 cos = c08 4 = flay) = flax) Its not one-one. Onto: As we know that for all xeR, we have =15 (osx <1 3-3 <3c0sxS3 31 <44308r <7 3-15 fx) <7 = Range of f= [1,71 Clearly, Range of f4.co-domain of f + fig not onto Hence, fis neither one-one nor onto. +. Option (@) is correct. 22. Given function f R-» Rbe defined by flx)= 4, for all eR Clearly, whenz=0ER fag ©. Option (A) is correct. (oe) (not defined) 2’ if nisodd 23. Given function f: N+ Nis defined by fir) meteors: One-one: Letn=1{odd) = ry=224 52 1 and, =2(even) > f2) Clearly, it is not one-one function, Onto: Forevery value of n whether itis even or odd fnjeN Co-domain = Range tis onto. Hence, function fis onto but not one-one. *. Option (¢) is correct. Assertion-Reason Questions The following questions consist of two statements—Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given betow: (@ Both A and R are true and B is the correct explanation for A. (6) Both A and R are true but K is not the correct explanation for A, (0) Ais true but R is false @ Ais false but R is true. 1. Assertion (A) : Let Rbe the relation on the set of integers Z given by R= {(a, #) :2 divides (a—6)} is an equivalence relation. Reason (R) : A relation R in a set A is said to be an equivalence relation if R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. 2. Assertion (A) : Let f:R — R given by (x) = x, then fis a one-one function. Reason (R) : A function g: A > Bis said to be onto function if for each b € B,3 g(a) =b. 3, Assertion (A) : Let function f: {1, 2, 3) + (1,2, 3) be an onto function. Then it must be one-one function © Asuch that Reason (R) : A one-one function g : A —> B, where A and B are finite set and having same number of elements, then it mustbe onto and vice-versa. 4, Assertion (A): Let f: R > R such that f(x) = 2, The function fis an onto function. Reason (R) : A function g: A -+ Bis said to be onto function if ¢() = B ie,, range of ¢= 5. Assertion (A): ‘The number ofall onto functions from the set (1, 2,3, 4,5] to itselFis 5! Reason (R) : Total number of all onto functions from the set |1, 2,3, .. to itself is #! 6 Assertion (A): Let f: R > R givenby 1 if x>0 fey ===) 0 if x=0 isatijection 1 if x<0 Reason (R) : A function g: A -> Bis said to be bijection if itis one-one and onto. 7. Assertion(A): Let A= (1, 2,3) then define a relation on A as R = {(1, 2), 1)}, Ris not transitive relation. Reason (R) : A elation R defined on a non-empty sot A is said to be sransitive relation if (,2), WER > UQeR Answers L@ 20 3 @) 4@ 5 @ «@ 72@ Solutions of Assertion-Reason Questions 18 1 Reflexivity: Clearly (a, a) ¢ Ras a—2 =0 which is an even integer and is divisible by 2 So, itis reflexive. Symmetry: Let (6) ¢ R= 2 divides (a - b) > 2divides—(a-h) > 2dividesb—-a > (ba) ER So, itis symmetric. Transitivity: Let @, b) e Rand (b,0 €R = 2dividesa-band2dividesb-c = 2dividesa-b+b-c So, itis transitive = Relation R is an equivalence relation. So A is true, Clearly Ris also true and ves the correct explanation of A Hence option (a) is correct. Let ay, € R such that iy feo) = =m = fisaoneonefunction Clearly A is true and & is also true. But & does not give correct explanation of A. Hence option (b) is correct. Suppose fis not one-one function ie, 3 two elements say 1 and 2 in the domain mapped to a single element of the co-domain Then 3 can be mapped to any one of two remaining element. So, range set has only two elements, idea Mathematics-Xil => _R() # {1,2,3} which contradict the fact that fis an onto function. Thus f must be a one-one fusnction So, A and R gives the correct explanation of A Hence option (a) is correct. 4. Clearly Rif = [0, ©) Here R(f) + R= (=, 2) = fis notan onto function. So, A is false but Ris true. Hence option (d) is correct. 5. One-one I can map to any one of 1,2, nun 5 Le, After that 2 can be mapped to any four of the remaining 4 elements. Alter that 4 can be mapped to remaining three elements. Now 4 can be mapped to remaining two element. ‘And 5 can be mapped to remaining one clement. Total number of one-one functions = 5x 4x 3x2*1=5! ‘We know that total number of onto map on a finite set = Total numbers of one-one map = 5! 5 ways. . Total number of bijective map SoA is correct statement. Also Risa correct and gives correct explanation of statement A. Option (2) is correct. 6 f:R > R such that 1 if x>0 fa=} 0 if x 1 if x<0 + Forl.2¢ R (domain) fa FQ) but 122 = fisnotone-one. Also Rif) = +1, 0, 1] + R (Co-domain) = fis notonto. is neither one-one nor onto. = fis nota bijective map. SoA isnot a true statement. But Ris the correct statement and R does not gives correct explanation of A +. Option (1) is correct 7. Wehave A = {1,2,3), R=(,2,20) ,2.@, De Rbut (LI) eR Ris not transitive. So statement A is correct Also statement K is correct and gives correct explanation of statement A. *. Option (2) is correct. Case-based/Data-based Questions Each of the following questions are of 4 marks. 1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. ‘A general election of Lok Sabha is « gigantic exercise. About 911 million people were eligible to vote and voter turnout wes about 67%, the highest ever. ONE ONE - ELECTION FESTIVAL OF JATION DEMOCRACY GENERAL ELECTION ¥- 2019 ie MY VOICE Let I be the set of all citizens of India who were eligible to exetcise their voting right in general election held in 2019. A relation ‘R’ is defined on 1as follows: R= (Vp V2): Vy V2 € Land both use their voting right in general election 2019). (9 Two neighbours X and Y < I. X exercised his voting right while Y did not cast her vote in general election - 2019, Is XR¥? Give reason. (Gi) Mr.’X" and his wife W’ both exercised their voting rightin general election -2019. Isit true that XRY and YRX? Give reason. (tif) (a) Three friends F,, F, and F, exercised their voting right in general election- 2019. Is it true that F,RF,, F,RF, = F,RF,? Give reason. oR (i) (b) Mr. Shyam exercised his voting right in General Election - 2019, then find the equivalence class of Mr. Shyam. Sol. We have a relation “R’ is defined on I as follows: = Vy, Vz}+ Vi, Vz € Tand both use their voting right in general election ~ 2019} ( Two neighbours X and Y ¢ I.Since X exercised his voting right while Y did not cast her vote in general election - 2019, Therefore, (X,Y) ¢ R. (ii) Since Mr. 'X’ and his wife 'W" both exercised their voting right in general election - 2019, Both (X, W) and (W, X) eR. (ii) @ Since thyee friends F,, F) and F; exercised their voting right in general election ~ 2019, therefore (Fy Fa) (Fa, Fa) © Rand (Fy, Fs) = R oR (ii) (&) Mr.Shyam exercised his voting rightin General election ~2019, then Mr. Shyam is related to all those eligible voters who cast their votes. 2. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. Sherlin and Danju are playing Ludo at home during Covid-19. While rolling the dice, Shorlin’s sister Raji observed and noted the possible outcomes of the throw every time belongs to set (1,2,3,45,61. Let A be the set of players while B be the set of all possible outcomes. A={5, D),B=1123456) [CBSE Question Bank] (0 Let Rs BB be defined by R ={(s, y)sy is divisible by x}. Verify that whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Gi) Raji wants to know the number of functions ftom A to B. Find the number of all possible functions. (if) (a) Let R bea relation on B defined by R = {(1, 2), (2,2), (1, 3), (3,4), , 1), 4,3), (5, 5)). Then Kis which kind of relation? OR (i () Raji wants to know the number of relations possible from A to B. Find the number of possible relations, Sol. (i) Given RB » Bhe defined by R « [(x,y): y is divisible by x} Reflexive: Letx € B, since x always divide x itself. 2 @eR This reflexive Symmetric : Letx.y © Band let (t,v) € R. = yis divisible by x. 9 oy snaiatcta ing 2 Fo} nae wxneR ‘Transitive = Let x,y, iS Band fecdeveit. =» Z4,, where ky ls an integer. = ky kg = kinteger) > @aeR Iis transitive, Hence, rolation is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric. (i) We have, A=(S,D] > nA)=2 and, Ba(1,2,3,4,5,6 > mB Number of functions from A to Bis 6*= 36. (i) (2) Given, 2 bea relation on B defined by R= (1,2), @ 2),(1,3) B, 9,8, 1), 35, 9} Ris not reflexivesince (1, 1), (3,3), (4,4) @R Ris not symmetricas (1, 2) ¢ Rbut 2,1) ¢R , Ris not transitive as (1, 3) € R and (3, 1) € R but (1,1) ¢ R +. Ris neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive. OR n(A) =2,n(B)=6 => (Ax B)=12 Total number of possible relations from A to B = 3. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each other to one side of the playgeound ensuring that they had eaough play area. Let us assume that they planted one of the rows of the saplings along the line y = x ~ 4. Let L.be the set of all lines which are parallel on the ground and K be 2 relation on L. [CBSE Question Bank] and, (i) ® (@ Let relation R be defined by R = (Ly Ly): Ly || Ly where Ly L,€L}. What is the type of relation R? Gi Let R= (Ly, L): Ly LL, where L,, L,¢1), Whats the type of relation R? (ii (a) Check whether the function :R — R defined by /) =x - dis bijective or not. OR Gi) ©) Let f :R-R be defined by fix) =x + 4. Find the range of flu). Sol. (i Given relation R defined by Re [(Ly, Ly): Lill La where Ly, Le € LD} Reflexive: — LetlyeL = L/L; > (ly eR. . Ibis reflexive, Symmetric: Let ly, 1p € Land let (I,1) © R = hb = hilh = Gh)eR Itis symmetric. Transitive: Let Ly, Ly-Ly eb. and, let (L,,1,) €R and (Ly L,) eR LL; and Ly => Lik >be Itis transitive. Hence R is an equivalence relation, 22 Xam idea Mathematics-Xil (#) Given relation R defined by R = {(Ly, 13) :1, 1, where L, Ly € I} Reflexive: Since every line is not perpendicular to itself. => (yp b)eR It is not reflexive. Symmetric: Let Ly, I, € Land (Ly,13) ¢R Sl + Gl + (lyh)yeR . Its symmetric Transitive: Let Ly L;, Lye and, let (Ly, Iz) € R and (Ly, 13) eR LLL, and L411, > hKls > (yldseR Itis not transitive, Hence relation Ris symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive. (ii) (@) Given fumetion f:R +R defined by fix) = x-4 Injective: Let ,x; € Rsuch that, # x = yrds a4 = fir) = fry Itis injective. Surjective: Lety=2-4 > xsy+4 Forevery y ¢ R (co-domain) there exists x=y + 4 ¢ R (domain). iz, Co-domain = Range It is surjective. ‘Hence given function is bijective. OR (ii) (b) Given function f:R—R defined by fix) =x +4 Let y=fx) > ysat4 > xay-4 Fory = R (co-domain), a x=y-4e R (domain) such that ffx) = R Range of f(x) is B (Set of real numbers). 4. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. An organization conducted bike race tinder two different categories- Boys and Gitls. Therewere 28 participants in all. Among all of them, finally three frorn category 1 ard two from category 2 were selected for the final race, Ravi forms two sels B and G with these participants forhis college project. Let B = [b,, by, bg) and G = (g;,g,), where B represents the set of Boys selected and G theset of Girls selected for the final race. [CBSE 2023 (65/5/1)] Relations and Functions 23 ( How many relations are possible from B to G? Gi Among.all the possible relations from B to G, how many functions can be formed from B to G? (iif) (a) Let R: B— B be defined by R = ((x, y):x and y are students of the same sex}. Check if Ris an equivalence relation in B or not. OR Gi) @) A function f: B+ G be defined by f = (by g), (Wy 82) by gy)}- Chedk if fis bijective, Justify your answer. Sol. B= {by, by, bil, G= les 0) n(B) =3, (G)=2 n(B x G) = n(B) x n(G) = 3x2 () Number of relations from B to G = 2! (i) Number of functions from B to G = 2" *9) = (n(G)"= 2 =8 (i) @ R:B —B, R= (Gy) [x,y students of same sex} Reflexive: (ex)eRVreB > Risreflexive. Symmetric: Let(xy) eR => rand yare of same sex. = yand xare of same sex. (y,x)eR ‘Transitive: Let (x, y)and (y,2) € R => rand yare of same sex and yand z are of same sex > rand zare of same sox. = (z)eR + Ristansitive Hence Ris reflexive, symmetric and wransitive. Ris an equivalence relation in B or (it) @) F=MGrr30), Cyd (by gd} f(b) = gerd flbs) = g, > fb) =flby) but, +b, As by and bs represents two different boys. = fisnotone-one > _fisnota bijective map. 5. Read the following passage and answer the following questions Dhanush wants take a test ofhis son Amitisa student of class XII. Dhanushsaid to Amit, “Observe the two functions f(x) and g(x) carefully” f: R > Rg: R > R such that seat 24 Xam idea Mathematics-X ‘The Dhantish asked some questions related to f(x) and g(x) and Amit answered correctly. Write the correct response given by Amit of the following questions. (@ Check whether fix) is (ii) Check whether g(x) is bijective or not. Sol. (i) fr R -» B such that fix) = One-one: Let xy a2 € R (domain) such that fer) = flea) = fisone-one. Onto: Lety € 8 (Co-domain) such that fejey > xey Now fx) = fly) = So fory € R (Co-domain) 3 such that fx) = jective or not, ye ye R (domain) = fis onto. Asfisoneoneandonto. > fis bijective. (i) We have g: R > RB such that g(a) =" One-one: 1,-1 © R (domain) such that g(Q)=1,g(-1)=1 ie, g(l)=gtl) butle-t > gismotore-one Onto: sa)=x20vxeR (0, =) + R (Co-domain) = gisnot onto, i, g is neither one-one ror onte CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS 1. Let A = 1, 2,3, 4} Lot R be the equivalence relation on A x A defined by (a, b) R (c, a) iff a+d=b +e, Find the equivalence class [1 3] [CBSE Sample Paper 2018) Sol. [G,3)]= lx, ye Ax Ax +3=y 4 1)= (9) € Axary = (03,24) 2. If R=((, yi:x+2y = 8) is arelation on N, write the range of R. [CBSE (AL) 20141 Sol. Given: R= {(x. y):x+2y=8) xt2y=8 = yS s whenrs6.yetr=4,y=2x Range={1, 2,3} Relations and Functions 25 3. State the reason for the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), @, 1)) not to be transitive [CBSE Delhi 2017] Sol, Ris not transitive as (1,2) € Rand (2,1) © Rbut (1,1) ¢ R. [Note: A relation R in a set A is said to be transitwe if (a,b) ¢ Rand (b,c) ER > (a, ) €RVa,b,c eR) 4 Let (a, a°):a is a prime number less than 5} be a relation. Find the range of R. [CBSE (F) 2014] Sol. Here R={(@,49):a isa prime number less than, => R=(2,8, 27) Hence range of R = (8, 27] 5, Arelation K in the set of real numbers R defined as K = {(a, b): ya = 6) is a function or not. Justify. [CBSE Sample Paper 2021] Sol, No. R= (a,b): a=] not the function because /a does not exist for alll ae (4,0) image of all elements of domain does not exist 6 An equivalence relation Rin A divi of A,UA,UA, and 4,14, 04, Sol, A,UA,UA,=Aand A,NA,NA,=6 es it into equivalence classes A,.A,, Ay. What is the value [CDSE Sample Paper 2021] 7. Arelation K in S = {1, 2, 3} is defined as K = {(, 1), (1, 2, (2, 2), (3, 3)) Which elemant(s) of relation R be removed to make R an equivalence relation? Sol. (2,1) becouse if (1,2) ER then for being eymmotric (2,1) should belong to R 8 How many reflexive relations are possible in a set A whose (A) = 3. Sol. Number of reflexive selation 2° -* = 2°°-3 _ 26 reflexive relations 9. IfXand Yare two sets having 2 and 3 elements respectively, then find the number of functions from X to ¥. Sol. Number of functions from X to Y=3? Very Short Answer Questions 1. Check if the relation R in the set R of real numbers defined as R = {(2, b) :a acbihenbta > (ba)eR It is not symmetric. 1 (i) Transitive: Let a, b,c € R (set of real number) 1G, eR ee ach o and (b,c) © R = bee From (j) and (ii), we have acc => @oeR It is transitive. 1 ICBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (65/5/11 26 Xam idea Mathematics-Xil Sol. Sol Sol. Write the inverse relation corresponding to the relation R given by R =(¢, ix € N,2<5,y =3}. Also write the domain and range of inverse relation. Given, R={(,y)ixN, 2<5,y=3) = -R={(1,3),(2,3),,3),(4,3)) Hence, required inverse relation is K"=1G, 1,2), 6,3),6,4)) Range of R= {1,2,3, 4} A function fi A -> B defined as flr) = 2 is both one-one and onto. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, then find the set B. [CBSE 2023 (65/1/11 Given a function f: A B defined as ffx) = 2x is both one-one and onto. ifA=(1,2,3,4) 2. fil)= 2122, fQ)=2x2=4,fQ) = 2x3 = 6and fd) =2x4=8 2, 4, 6,8) Consider f:R, —[4,) given by fix) = x* + 4. Show that fis invertible. ICBSE (AD 2013:(F) 2011] One-one: Let.x, x) €R, (Domain) fx) = fle) > xPadersed > apaae = xem, [xy are +e real number] Hence, fis one-one function. Onto: Lety € [4, ce) such that yeahs) YreR, [set of non-negative reals] => yeted Obviously, ¥ y ¢ [4, 0),.xis real number eR, (domain) ie, all elements of codomain have pre image in domain. a [-. xis + vereal number] = fisorto. Hence, fis invertible being one-one onto. Letf: R-{-4} — R hea function defined as fx) = 54*. show that, inf: R-{-4} ~ Range off, fis one-one and onto. [cBsE 207001 4 Leta me R- t3} Now fsa) > stan an ta 3 Bayxtley=Ryntlby 3 lbxy=lby > 4 Hence fis one-one furnction Since, co-domain fis range of f. Relations and Functions 27 #-1|, a ‘i zl 6. What is the range of the function f(x) ==) [CBSE Dethi 20101 Sol. Given f(x) (¥-1) # x-150 or x51 =(e-1) if 1-10 or rel &-), (=) Range of fx) = [1,1] Obviously, |r 1]= -o-), Now, () ¥r>1, fe) ; 1, @)YE So, range of y is 8, Prove that the function fis surjective, where f:N > Nsuch that 27 ifnisodd fin)=| *, ifmis even Is the fuunction injective? Justify your answer. [CBSE Sample Paper 2023] Sol. Lety € N(codomain). Then 3 2y ¢ N(domain) such that foy)= 22 =y. Hence, fis surjective 1 2 1,2 € N(domain) such that j(1) = 1 = f(2) Hence, fis not injective. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme Sample Paper 2023] Short Answer Questions 1, Check whether the relation K defined on the set A = (1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6)as K ={(a,b):b=a+ his reflexive, symmetric or transitive. [CBSE 2019 (65/2/21 28 Xam idea Mathematics-X Sol. R={(1,2), (2,3), 3,4), 4,5) G6) Forl¢A,(1,1)¢R = Risnot reflexive 1 Forl,2¢4,(1,2)¢Rbut @, 1) eR = Risnot symmetric 1 For 1,2,3 € A, (1,2),(2,3) € Rbut(1,3) #R = Ris not transitive 14 [CBSE Marking Scheme 2019 (6512/1)] Detailed Solution: Given selation R defined on the et A = (1,2, 3,4,5,6] as R= [(a,8):b=a+ 1} Wehave,a#at1 = (0,0) eR Itis not reflexive, Symmetri and b=2 ie abeA beatt > 2=171 > @beR butc#b+1as142+1 > (baeR Itis not symmettic. Transitive: Leta, bce A Now, if @b)ER > b=atl ofl) and eR > c=b+1 ii) From (i) and (ji), we have cs(ati+1=a42 > czat2 > (a,c)e@R Ts io not transitive Hence, relation R is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive 2, Show thal the relation R on the set Z of all integers, given by R = ((a, b) :2 divides (a — 5) is an equivalence relation. [CBSE 2019 (65/3/11 Sol. Given relation R = [(a, b):2 divides (a—)} on the set Z of all integers Reflexive: Leta © Z Since (¢-a)=0, which is divisible by 2 ¢,,(a,a) €R Ris reflexive Symmetric: Let a,b Z such that (@.b)eR > (a-b)is divisible by 2. (a= 1) is also divisible by 2 (b-a)is divisible by2 > (b,a)eR ey @bHeR > ae Ris symmetric. Transitive: Leta, bce Z% such that (@,b)€R => (a-b)is divisible by 2, Let a—b = 2k, where i, is an integer “a and (bc)ER => (b-c)isdivisibleby2 => b-c= 2k, where kz is an integer 3) Adding (i) and (ii), we have (2-b)+ (6-0) =2h +k) > a- > GER ub Dk +k) > (a—c)is divisible by 2 Sol Sol 30 x | For ol (£8 ond Ris transitive. Thus, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Hence, given relation & is an equivalence relation Show that the relation S in the set A = (x € Z:0 |b-a| is also divisible by 3. > (aes 2. Itis symmetric relation. Transitive: Let a,b,c € A Then eS = |a-b| isdivisbleby3, = > 43k, where k, is an integer (0.5 = |b-c| sdivisibleby3. = => £3fy, where fy is an integer (if) ace bt h—02 43 +32 Uk +h) = |a-e| isalso divisible by 3. > woes It is transitive relation. Hence, the relation $ is an equivalence relation. Show that the relation R on. IR defined as R = (a, b) :a |b-a| is also divisible by 3. > (aes 2. Itis symmetric relation. Transitive: Let a,b,c € A Then eS = |a-b| isdivisbleby3, = > 43k, where k, is an integer (0.5 = |b-c| sdivisibleby3. = => £3fy, where fy is an integer (if) ace bt h—02 43 +32 Uk +h) = |a-e| isalso divisible by 3. > woes It is transitive relation. Hence, the relation $ is an equivalence relation. Show that the relation R on. IR defined as R = (a, b) :a EAE feet anyinteger = bis not divisor ofa. => Gar ». Ttis not symmetric. Transitive: Let a,b,c 28 aRb = aisdivisorofb. = =A) where fy is any positive integer and,b Re = bis divisor ofc ub ii) where ky is positive integer From (i) and (i), we have C=hxX ka > c= hku Sr eee 3) BE Itis transitive. Hence, Ris not an equivalence relation, 6 Let A= (1,2, 3, ., 9} and R be the relation in A x A defined by (a, b) R (c,d) ifa+d=b +c for (a,b), (c,d) in A x A, Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also obtain the equivalence class fon. INCERT Exemplar 32 Sol 7. Sol. Sol Given that, Az {1,2, 3, .. 9) and (@ b) R(G, d) fa+d-=b+c for (a,b) € Ax Aand ¢,d)eAx A. Reflexive: Since (a, b) R(a, b) as a+b=beaVabed So, Ris reflexive Symmetric: Let (a, b) R(c, d) then ae +e +a (dR) So, Ris symmetric. Transitive: Let (a, b) Re. d) and (c,d) R(e.f) then p+ candenf=dse = breandd+esc+f be ey-c+f > (@-e)=b-f > asfzbee = HRA So, R is transitive, Hence, Ris an equivalence relation Now, equivalence class containing [(2, 5)] = (ey) |2+y=54x} =@wly 3} = (4, @5)-8,0,4,7),6,8), 6,9) Show that the modulus function f:R —-R given byf (c= |+], 1s neither one-one nor onto, where |] is 4, if xis positive or and |x| iss, if xis negative. x,ifx20 Foy z|= 12 ifx<0 One-one: Let x1 = 1, x2 =~ be two elements belongs to R fy) =A) = [1] and fl) = f(-1) =—(-1) = = fit;) = lx) forx, + x, = _fiv)isnot one-one. Onto: Tetf(x)=—-1 = |x| =-1 © R, which is not possible. > fiayisnotonto. Hence, fis neither one-one nor onto function. Let A= R-(3], B= R-[1} ff: A> Be defined by f(a)= 4=%, vx € A. Then, show that fis bijective. INCERT Exemplar] Given tha, A=R~(3),8 = R-{1). fr A Bis defined by ft For injectivity: i fod-fe) = 33 = (1 =2)62-3) = (2-244 -9) = 44%) - 34-2 +6 > 3x, - 2, > ey sh So, flr) is an injective function Sol. Sol For surjectivity: Let oy = > xl-=2-3y > Ta CAV YER [codomain] So, fc) is surjective function. Hence, 2) is a bijective fumetion, Let A = R-(2] and B= R- (1). If: A+ B is a function defined by fla) = ==}, show that fis one-one and onto, [CBSE 2019 (65/4/01 Letx, x, € R= 2} such thatf(,) =f) Set get eget si =o Tyky- 2 y+ 2= yy -My—-y +2 1 => are So fis one-one. % For range lot fix) = y zat x2! i y= ae! a y Range of f = R~{1} = co-domain (B) = fisonte. % ICBSE Marking Scheme 2019 (65/4/1)] Long Answer Questions Let N denotes the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N x N defined by (a,b) Rg, a if ad(b + ¢) = boa + d). Show that R is an equivalence relation. [CBSE Delhi 2019] (CBSE 2023 (65/4/10 Here Ris a relation defined as R= (a,b), (c, A] :adb +c) =be(a +d) Reflexivity: By commutative law under addition and multiplication braza+h VabeN ab=ba vabeN alk + a) = baa +b) VabeN = (a,b) R (a,b) Hence, Ris reflexive Symmetry: Let (@, b) R (6, d) GBR (6A) = adlb+ 2 34 Sol = bas @ (0 + 0) > chil + 2) = da(o + b) [By commutative law under addition and multiplication] > aRE@,b Hence, R is symmetric. Transitivity: Let (a, b) R (cd) and (¢, d) Ree, Now, (a8) R @d)and (cd) Re. > ad(b+0)=be(a +d) and old +e) = dec +f) => bte_atd jdte_ctf te ad ae > +ey=vea+f > |@YRED [edeo] Hence, Ris transitive In this way, Ris reflexive, symmetric and transitive Therefore, R is an equivalence relation. Determine whether the relation R defined on the set R of all real numbers as R= ((a, #) : a,b ¢ R and a-b+ /3 © S, where S Is the set of all irrational numbers}, is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. [CBSE Ajmer 20151 Here, relation R defined on the set Ris given as R={(q, 4) a,b Randa-b+ ¥3 Reflexivity: Let ¢ ¢ R (set of real numbers) Now, (t,4) ¢Rasa-a+ (3= v3 Ss} ie, Ris reflexive /3 and |, we have @,b)eRasa—b+V3 = 3-14 /3=2/3-1ES But b-at/3=1-y3+\3=1¢8S = (ha@R As (a,b) € R but (b, a) & R. ©. Risnot symmetric. Tiansitivity: Taking @-1,b-/2ande~ V3 Ge Rasa~b4+V3=1-V24+V3ES > WER 8 b-ct+¥3=V¥2-V3ty (26S => (@c)ER But a—c+/31-V3+/3-12S 3 GOR As (@,t) and (¢,d) belongs to R but (a,c) doesnot belong 0 R. *. Ris not transitive. Symmetry: Taking a Hence, R is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive. Show that each of the relation Rin the set A = |x ¢ Z:0 |x-x| =0, which isa multiple of 4 > (x xeRVred Ris eflexive, etx,yeAand (,y)eR g |x-y| isa multiple of & or r-y=+ {pisanyintegen > y-x=F4p > ly-=|isamultipleofd. > x) eR u Ris symmetric Transitive: Letx,y,z ¢ 4, (x,y) € Rand (y,z) eR |x-y| is multiple of 4 and | y—z |is multiple of 4. x —yis multiple of 4 and y—2 is multiple of 4 (x—y) + (y-2)is multiple of 4 => (x-2) is multiple of & [2-2] is multiple of 4 > (uz)ER = Ristransitive So, Ris an equivalence relation. Let Bbe the set of elements related to 1 la ¢ A: |a~1| is multiple of 4} > B= 11.5.9) las [1-1] =0, 15-1 ]=4, 19-1] =8] (i) R={@,b):a=b) Reflexive: Let x eA bueuy (ueR => Risreflexive. Aand (xy) eR yer as rex Symmetric: Let x, y = rey Ris symmetric. ‘Transitive: Lelx,y,z © 4 and let (x,y) € R and (y,2) €R > veyandys? => re2 > Ris an equivalence relation Let Cbe the set of elements related to 1 C=(aeAja=1}= {1 wy > Rk R => Ristransitive 4. Check whether the relation R in R defined by R = {(a, 8) : a 10r2>"] Risnot symmetric Transitivity: Here 10,3,2€ R (Real number) and 10527 or 1063" 50, (10,3) eR and 3s8 or 352° so, GER But 1028 or 10 or we? (10,2)eR So, here(I0,3) € Rand (3,2) ¢ Rbut (10,2) ¢R Ris not transitive 5. Given a non-empty set X, define the relation R in P(X) as follows: For A,B ¢ POO,(A, De Riff Ac B. Prove that Ris reflexive, transitive and not symmetric [CBSE Sample Paper 2023} Sol. Reflexive: Let A € P(X). Than A CA = (AAjeR Hence, Ris reflexive Transitivi Let 4, B, C © P(X) such that ABD EOeR => ACBBEC >ACC>I(A,C)ER Hence, Ris transitive, Symmetry: 4, X © P(X) such that @ =X. Hence, (6, X) € R. But, X ¢ b, Which implies that (X, 4) ¢ R. ‘Thus, R is not symmetric. 6, Let N be the set of natural numbers and R be the relation on N x N defined by (a, b) R(c, d) iff ad =bc for all a,b,c, d = N. Show that R is an equivalence relation. [CBSE Sample Paper 2023] [CBSE 2020 (65/1/11 et Gere ay/bEn HIER, (Ob) ROH) vis Yettenive 36 Xam idea Mathematics—Xil ___| fee aymnenvie te o,b68 EN guch +rot_— CoD RCed) 3 Coy) RCs) 2eThe elation & Lymmmbyte Fox Aranaiiive, Tet Oe dut EN ___|| aucn or CardRCey ay amd Cog ile 8 od=be 3 of=de. [fiers equations © ond @ _ ad= bde 2 > af ebe Peerless 7 tea co Pon AM i5) BL0, and (cd) R Cet) Coney R Cert) | { DiecdeL en ScTne ¢eto¥jon s Konsitive he Hie Yeloxion G TeGexive , Summed 2h 2. uO ete eimiase 7. Artelation R is defined on a set of real numbers R as R=(G, y):x-y is an irsational number\. Check whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transit Sol. A relation Kis defined on a setof real numbers R as R Reflexive Lotx=V3R or not, [CBSE 2023 (65/5/01 Gz y) :xy isan irrational number) 3x V3 =3¢ an irrational number = (V3,V3)ER I is not reflexive Symmetric: Let x,yeR HGoy)eR isan irrational number = y.x is also an irrational number 38 SW neER Ikis symmetric. Transitiv Let x,y,z € R such that r= 1, y= y2,2=3 i(@%y)eR => xy isan irrational number ie., 1x /2 = y2 is an irrational. and, (y,2)€8 yz = y2x3=342isanisrational Now, (2,2) 1x3=3 (xz) eR Ikis not transitive. Hence, R is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive 8 Consider f:R, — [-9,«) given by fix) = 52” + 6x -9. Prove that fis invertible. [CBSE Allahabad 2015) Sol. To prove fis invertible, it is sulficient to prove /is one-one onto. Here, fx) =5°+ 6-9 One-onet Lot xyx2¢ Ry, then fl) = fle) = eee 5x2 + 6x, -5: 6x,=0 = 5@2-a2)+6@,-x)=0 B(x, - x) (+x) + 6(4, - x) 0 — (,-2,)(61, +5r,+6)=0 seq = Rif) =[-9, 20)= co-domain. As fis both one-one and onto = fis bijective Hence, fis one-one onto function, £e,, invertible. 9 Considers: R, + [4,~) given by fix) = 2° + 4. Show that fis invertible [CBSE (AD) 2013; (F) 2017] Sol. One-one: Let x,,x, € R, (Domain) Ses) = foo) 10, Sol. ct Sol [22 are tve real number] Hence, fis one-one function Onto: Let y € [4,0 such that y=fo) eR, [sot of non-negative reals] yared x=yy-4 [xis + ve real number] Obviously, V y € [4, 2), is real number € R, (domain) ie, all elements of codomain have pre image in domain. = fisonto. Hence, fis invertible being one-one onto. Show that the function f:(~co, 0) (-1, 0) defined by tx) =37-],7,% < (-~, 0) is one-one and onte. [CBSE 2020 65/3/2)] Lot x =(- 20,0) such that lx.) =fix.). 1 +. fis one-one. a Lot y (1,0), such that y 1 2 Hence fis onto. [CBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (65/312)] Prove that the greatest integer function f: ——- R given by f(x) = [xis neither one onto, where [1] denotes the grealest integer less than or equal !o x. [cDsE 201710) f:R—R given by f(x) = [2] 2 be two elements of R $4) =f) for yom > {() = [2] is not one-one fe, not injective. Surjectivity: Let y = 2.5 < R be any element. 2 fay=25 = [e]=25 Which is not possible as [3] is always an integer. = f(x) = [x] isnot onto ie, not surjective. WW be defined as n-1, ifmis odd +1, ifn is even 1 Let fi fii) = Show that fis invertible. Here, W is the set of all whole numbers. [CBSE (Panchkula) 2015] ao 4 Wow © faa) ate | feces thot it + Kk muppor Abu 7, gi) : > Db ented E 40 Xam idea Mathematics-X [ieee dat fete i | doh See LI ts tuen a +1 edd tad it Jtchongs.. in shawls ng — 44 ty ot ihe. am every 14 4) _uoliioh is esson Bose fae 4s eae ee DMUeh is eda IK mage tot ne yoda = than yest Le oxen anid yi eW 1) ~ ely ap itt Li 386 ueeay PEW atlurh us odd the custo pe Ys) GW) udlued is eines [> Se for et pet U0 —sthete —enisr, tner2in “ i, Sle = “so fs" Onto. P| is @ne-Cre- ava onde be: tt tes aa __[fopper’s Ansiwer 2015) 4 4) 443 oFesvalestioe: 13. Considerf: R - {4] a>R- {i given by fla) = 3 ¢- Show that fis bi (CBSE (AD 2017) R~ Suh oS fix) + tag . ea aS bet oft) = flea ms ag Sarv4 + Gan yt 4 Sol 15, Sol, 42 x € "hy Haw arich 2 stuch Mall ee Ieee ee oe) ee = _ | Hares ft) a onto dumtlion = oY fit) ina bjjeah us [(Topper's Answer 2017}| 4 a Let f: R - {-$} > R bea function defined as fla) = 2°. Show that fis one-one function, are Also, check whether f is an onto function or not. (CBSE 2023 (65/4/1)) 4 gies ay eA Given function +R -{-2}. bea fetion defined as £0) = gE Onerone: Let ay1,=R-{ 4} sucn nat, #2 ax, 2 4Y, and 31, #3; axed deed ey = Eta hee Ae efx) {fla) is one-one function Onto: Let v=f(e) =z > ay+dy=dy ay = xGy-4)=—4y > yw oF ay -¥ cleatywhen y= herctoredcesnotesst ie, haano peinage oe A function f :[-4,4]— [0, 4] is given by f(x)=V'16- x*. Show that fis an onto function but not a one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ‘a’ for which f(x) [CBSE 2023 (65/2/11 vle-x. 6-y¥ Given a function f :[~4, 4] [0, 4] defined by ft Leysyis-Y > Psi? = y6-¥ Clearly for x to be real and xe[- 4, 4] o-¥20 > ¥-1650 >%-4)0+450 > -4sys4 But y= 16-220 (¥x20) 16. Sol > y20 (i) From ()) and (i), we have osys4 Thus, for every value of y=[0, 4] there exists some xe[-4, 4] Given function is onto When x=4 = y=V16-16=0 xa-4 = ysyIo-16=0 Here, different value of x there is some y. So itis not one-one. Hence, given function is onto but not one-one. Now, fla)= v7 (given) = 4 7 > 16- => #=16-7=9 > a= {-3,3} Prove that a function f :[0, ) > [~5, 29) defined as fix) = 4x" + 4x 5 is both one-one and onto, [CBSE 2023 (65/5/21 Given function f: [0, 00) > [-5, 0) defined as fx) =42" + 4x -5 Oneone: Let x, , x € [0, 0) such that x, #5 4x, #43, 3 My -344Ky-5 Atte, <5 dete de, > fle) =f) Function is one-one. a Onto: For v €[0,) oe fle) = 4x7 + 4x -5 = fiy2-5 ©. Given function is onto. Hence, function is both one-one and onto. Questions for Practice © Objective Type Questions 1 Choose and write the corsect option in each of the following questions. ( Let K be a relation on the set N of natural numbers defined by nm if n divides m. Then Ris (@) reflexive and symmetric (b) transitive and symmetric (© equivalence (@) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric (i Let A= (1, 2,3] and consider the relation R = {(1. 1), @2).(,3). (L.2), 2. 3) (1.3)]. Then Ris. (@ reflexive but not symmetric (®) reflexive but not transitive (© symmetricand transitive (@) neither symmetric nor transitive (iff) Ifa relation R on the set (1, 2,3} be defined by R = {(1, 2)], then Ris (@) reflexive ©) transitive (0) symmetric (@) none of these ons and Functions 43 Multiple Choice Questions Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. 1. The value of sin“ (cos 2) is [CBSE 2021-22 (Term-1)] Bn x 3x x @) 0) Fr oF OD 2. Ifsin"x > cos” x, thenx should lie in the interval [CBSF 2021-22 (Term-D1 fa ae: 1 (4 @ (-1-* 0 -— @ (1 a) (+0 @ (3) & (79) © (74) Ole 3. sin [E-siw(- )] Is equal to [CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22 (Term-1)] 1 1 @s oF -1 @1 4. The value of cot (sin x) is INCERT Exemplar] 1 OF o 5. The value of sin (NCERT Exenplar] x Br 7 @s os OF ©, Let 6 =sia"\(sin 000"), then value of 0 is K x 2n 2m @ 3 > o> Oy 7. The value of the expression Ssec12 + sin“( 5) is INCERT Exemplar] K 5x Tr we WF OF @1 cot|cos?( 2) is CERT Fxermplar &: The valuact’s | (5) INCERT Fxereplarl Os ox 9 3x x w= ® of e value of cot{ isin? >| is 10, The value of cot| 4 sin"! @1 ) oF © v3 wo 11. sin (cola) is equal lo @ five x (9 a+2)37 ( G+x332 12. Iftan"*xe y, then [CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22 (Term-1)] @ -1cos"'x gail oat = sin tx> psi Ase knove tha sin" and cos" ext for xe 1 1 ve(n) (le ve'}eta) £. Option (0) is correct 3. Weave, sin [5 - sin (-$ )| = sf -sin(sin(—€))] =n = sinf3 + ©. Option (@) is correct, 4 Letsin™ x=0, then sin 0 = x. = cosec 8= = x agit = vine = 1+co0=— = => cot(sin tx) = r = 2 Option (A) is correct 5. sin*(cos) = sini = s(n =. Option (a) is correct 7. Wehave, + sie (5) =) = 2a on(§)) +i fn(® Option (b) is correct 10. cr 1B. 15, 52 x Option (@) is correct coi in| Option (¢) is correct. => sin(cot“x) = sin(a) + Option (d) is correct. tan*x=y (Given) Option (9 is correct Wehave, y=cot!x,x<0 oty<0 As we know that cotangent (Le. cot v) is negative in Iind and IVth quedrant, ie. cot y le in IInd or IVth quadrant. an 2 Option (6) is correct. Wehave, costa+cos*B+eosty=3n = Feysn or pcyede We know that, 0 Sax0 +. Option (a) is correct. 19, cos(sin* 3 3+c0s"x)=0 22 i ccoitam oon = sin’ 5 tcos' x= cos! Oss wee (3 ar pecglhees = xsi . Option (8) is courect. 20, Principal valtie branch of cosee x is | + Option (dis correct, 21 Let c= cost (Qx-1) = cosa=2x- -1SesaS1 = -152r-151 3 0S2r<2 > 0<251 > xel0,1] Hence domain of cos * (2v-1) is [0, 1]. + Option (2) is correct. Ree fx) = sin? yx-1 = Osx-1s1 [v ¥e=120 and 1s \x-is1] > 1sx<2 xe[] .*. Option (a) is correct. 23, Let tan*x=8 => x=tan8 = cot8= 1 1 x coseed Virco yy Vita & sin = = sin(tan™x) 3 Vite Option (@) is correct Assertion-Reason Questions ‘The following questions consist of two statements—Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: (@) Both A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation for A. (}) Both A and Rare true but R is not the correct explanation for A. (© Ais true but R is false, (@) Ais false but R is true, Domain of fx Domain of a function is the set of all possible values for which function will be defined. 1 1. Assertion (A) Jin! x + eos is [-1, 1], Reason (R) 2. Assertion (A) : Function f: R > R given by flx) = sin xs not a bijection. A function f: A+ Bis said to be bijection if it is one-one and onto. Reason (R) Principal valueof tan"(-/3) is -> 3. Assertion (A) Reason (R) : 4. Ascertion (A) : sin”! (x) =—sin“tyy xe [4,1] Reason (R) 5, Assertion (A): A function f: R + R given by fx) = cos x is abijection. A function g: A > B isa bijection then 3 a function h: B > A such that golt=I, and hog=I,. 6, Assertion (A) : Range of si”! x + 2cos™ x]is[0, n]. Reason (R) Reason (R) : Pringple value branch of sin” xhas range | 5, 3 ICBSE 2023 (65/312)) 7. Assertion (A) + All trigonometric functions have their inverses aver their respective domains Reason (R) + Theinverse of tar x exists for some x © R [CBSE 2023 (68/4/2)] 54 Xam idea Mathematics-Xill an 8, Assertion (A) : The rangeofthe function f(x)=2sin x +, where x €[-1, Api lk on Reason (R) : Thezsangeofthe principal value branch of sin” (x) is [0, x]. ICBSE 2023 (65/1/1)] 9, Assertion (A) : Maximum value of (cos x} is 2°. Reason (R) : Range of the principal value branch of cosxis|—", |. (CBSE 2023 (65/2/1)] Answers 1 @ 2 @ 3. (a) 4.0) 5. (d) 6@ 7240 8.0 2. Solutions of Assertion-Reason Questions 1. The domain of sin xis [-1, 1] and that of cos xis R <. Domain of (a) = sin x +008 2 is FL 1] R = (11). Here, A and R are true and R gives correct explanation A + Option (a) is correct. 2 Ford, re R such that (0) = So, fis not one-one. ‘Therefore f is not a bijection map. = fiz). But O20 Here A and & are true and K gives the correct explanation of A. Option (a) is correct, Fg) such that tant) =0,where 0 (-2,5) &xeR ant: Ro 3 tnt: R 22 tant(-y3)=@ = tané tan(- Here, A and Rare correct and R gives correct explanation of statement A. + Option (a) is correct 4 Let site ney = -x=sin y > sin (-1) => sintxe-y=-sin' (x) sin : 1 = sin" (-2)=-sin'y Aand R ate correct but R does not give correct explanation of A. Option (6) is correct . BK 5. For 22° R rt x 3a 3) mon A3)= cos} =0= cos =F) bu Fe F fis not a one-one function. So, itis not a bijection. Here, A is false and R is true. Option (d) ie correct 6 Let fix) =sin"x 42 cos x fixy= % +0081 x 2 As OSsin’xs > 6-5 Ss 5 Be = Beye = ringer E Here, Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false. + Option (¢)is correct. 9, Letcostx=@ = x=cosd > 6e[0,x] S0s0se => Oss = Maximum value of 0 is => Maximum vahie of (cos “x} is => Here, Assertion (4) is true but Reason (R) is false. + Option (¢) is correct. Each of the following questions are of 4 marks. 1. Read the following passage and answer the following questi ‘Twomen on either side of a temple 30 meters high observe its top at the angles of elevation a and B respectively. (as shown in the figure above). The distance between the two men is 40/3 metres and the distance between the first person A and the temple is 30,/3 metres. [CRSF Question Rank]

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