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Assignment#1 Chemistry

This document discusses chemical bonding, specifically covalent bonding. It defines a chemical bond as the connection between atoms that forms when they are attracted to each other and join to form a molecule. Covalent bonding occurs through the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve stable electron configurations. Examples given of covalent bond formation include H2, O2, N2, and H2O. The key features of covalent bonds are that they form through electron sharing, rarely break spontaneously, result in compounds with relatively low melting and boiling points, and do not conduct electricity due to a lack of free electrons.

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zehrajamal03
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30 views

Assignment#1 Chemistry

This document discusses chemical bonding, specifically covalent bonding. It defines a chemical bond as the connection between atoms that forms when they are attracted to each other and join to form a molecule. Covalent bonding occurs through the sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve stable electron configurations. Examples given of covalent bond formation include H2, O2, N2, and H2O. The key features of covalent bonds are that they form through electron sharing, rarely break spontaneously, result in compounds with relatively low melting and boiling points, and do not conduct electricity due to a lack of free electrons.

Uploaded by

zehrajamal03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMICAL BONDING

Submitted By: Zehra Jamal

Roll No: BBMS-009

Department: Bio-Medical Engineering

Program: Bio-Medical Sciences

Submitted To: Miss. Sumera Zaki


BM-104T- APPLIED CHEMISTRY

ASSIGNMENT #1

CHEMICAL BONDING
Define chemical bond. Describe the formation of
covalent bond with examples. Outline the main
features of covalent bond.

1
Chemical Bond:
When atoms are attracted to each other and join to form a molecule, we call the
connection between each atom a chemical bond. The bond “holds together” the
atoms in the molecule, ion, or crystal. The bonds can often last indefinitely, until
they are broken apart by an external force or energy.

2
Covalent Bond:
A covalent bond is a type of chemical reaction that occurs when two atoms share
electrons to achieve a stable electron bond. Covalent bonds are usually formed
between non-metals.

Covalent bonding can be achieved in two ways:

• Sharing of electrons between atoms of the same kind, for example,


formation of H2, Cl2, O2, etc.
• Sharing of electrons between atoms of different kinds, for example,
formation of CH4, H2O, NH3, etc.

3
Formation Of Covalent Bond:
Non-Metals like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen form covalent bonds
with themselves or other atoms.

1. Hydrogen (H2):
Hydrogen (H) is the simplest of all elements. It has only one
electron and requires another electron to achieve the electronic configuration of
its nearest inert gas helium. So, two hydrogen atoms will bond together in a single
bond to form a hydrogen molecule.

2. Oxygen (O2)
The valency of oxygen (O) is two, which means that it requires two electrons to
complete its outermost (valence) shell. Therefore, two oxygen atoms will
combine and share their two valence electrons, resulting in a double bond.

3. Nitrogen (N2)
Nitrogen (N) has five valence electrons, so it needs three more valence electrons
to complete its octet. Two nitrogen atoms will combine. Each will share three
electrons to form three covalent bonds, i.e., a triple bond, resulting in a nitrogen
molecule.

4. Water (H2O)
A water molecule consists of two hydrogen (H) and one oxygen (O) atom.
Oxygen has a valency of two, and hydrogen has only one electron in its orbital.
So, each hydrogen atom will share its electron and covalently bond with the
oxygen. As a result, there will be two single bonds.

4
Features of Covalent Bond:
• Covalent bonds occur when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to
achieve a more stable electron configuration. This sharing creates a bond
that holds the atoms together.
• Covalent bonds rarely break spontaneously after it is formed.
• Most compounds having covalent bonds exhibit relatively low melting
points and boiling points.
• Compounds formed by covalent bonding don’t conduct electricity due to
the lack of free electrons.

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