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hello students welcome to great and

science lesson

and i'm your teacher mom marian soriano

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you have learned from our previous

lesson that ray diagrams can be used to

determine the image location

size orientation and type of image form

of objects when placed at a given

location in front of a curved mirror

remember that ray diagramming may help

you to determine

the approximate location and size of the

image form

by a curved mirror

however to know the numerical

information about

image distance and object size placed in

front of a curved mirror

you can use the mirror equation and

magnification equation

let's find out on how we can use these

two equations to describe the images

formed by curved mirrors

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lesson six mirror equation

the mirror equation expresses the

quantitative relationship between

object distance the image distance and

as stated by the equation below 1 over

the focal length is equal to

1 over distance of object plus 1 over

distance of image

for the magnification equation it

relates the ratio of the image distance

and object distance to the ratio of the

image height

and object height for the magnification

equation it is simply

magnification equal to image height over

height of object

or it is equal to negative distance of

image over distance of object

these two equations can be combined to

yield information about the image

distance and

image height if the object distance

object height and focal length are known

before using the mirror equation to

describe the characteristics of the

image formed by curved mirrors

numerically

don't forget the sign conventions for

mirror for the focal length

the focal length is positive for concave

or converging mirror

the side of the focal let is negative

for the distance of the image distance

of image is positive

if the image is real and located in

front of the mirror

distance image is negative if the image

is virtual and located behind the mirror

for the height of image height of

image is positive if the image is

upright

height of image is negative if the image

is inverted

remember not to forget to apply the sine

conventions for mirrors

as you use the mirror equation or even

the magnification equation

to find the characteristics of the image

form by curved mirrors

here's another important thing to know

about the focal length of curved mirrors

remember that doubling the focal length

gives you the radius of curvature

or we can have the formula radius of

curvature

is equal to twice the value of the focal

length

or we can also say that half of the

radius of curvature

is equal to the focal length the formula

is
focal length is equal to radius of

curvature

over two

let's solve some sample problems on

curved mirrors

using the mirror equation and

magnification equation

let's have a sample problem using the

mirror equation and magnification

equation

the problem is the height of an object

is 5 centimeter

and place 30 centimeter in front of a

concave mirror

that has a focal length of 20 centimeter

calculate the following a

the distance of the image b the

magnification

and see the height or size of the image

let's identify first the known or given

for the height of the object

it's 5 centimeter distance of the object

from the mirror

30 centimeter and the focal length will

be positive

20 centimeter since it's a concave

mirror

remember that the focal length for

concave mirror
should be positive now for the record

we are looking for the distance of the

image

the magnification and the height or the

size of the image

for our equation we will use the mirror

equation and the magnification equation

for our solution let's find first the

distance of the image

using the mirror equation since we are

looking for the distance of the image

we need to derive the needed equation

the derived equation

would be one over the distance of the

image

is equal to one over the focal length

minus one over the distance of the

object

now we can substitute the values

after substituting the values let's

proceed to our operations

3 minus 2 over 60 centimeter gives you 1

over 60 centimeter

cross multiply this the answer is

distance of image is 60 centimeter

remember that if the distance of image

is positive

means it's a real and it is inverted

let's continue further

let's find the magnification for the

we will have magnification is equal to

negative distance of image

over distance of object let's substitute

the d sub i

and d sub o negative 60 centimeter

over 30 centimeter canceling the unit

centimeters

the magnification is negative 2.

negative value of magnification means it

is inverted

but the image is enlarged or bigger than

the object

let's find now the height of the image

since we now know the magnification

let's derive the needed equation

where height of image is equal to

magnification

times height of object now let's

substitute the values

negative 2 times 5 centimeter

the height of image is equal to negative

10 centimeter

let's have our conclusion

based on the result let's describe the

image form

for the location it is positive 60

centimeter

for the orientation it is inverted since

negative

for the size or height it is 10

centimeter

or negative 10 centimeter the negative

sign means inverted

for the type of image it's a real

image since the distance of image is

positive

and it is inverted let's support our

answer using the graphical method

let's identify again the given

the given r height of the object

5 centimeter distance of the object

30 centimeter and the focal length

is 20 centimeter

let's use the principal race the pf ray

and the fp ray notice the merging of the

reflected rays in front of the concave

mirror

it's true that the image is inverted and

large

and it's a real image

let's have another sample problem a

convex mirror has a focal length of 10

centimeters

a 1.67 centimeter tall person stands 5

centimeter in front of the convex mirror

what is the location and size of the

image of that person

the given r height of the object 1.67

centimeters

distance of the object 5 centimeters

and the focal length would be negative

10 centimeters

since it's a convex mirror or diverging

mirror let's put negative sign

in the value of the focal length for the

required

the distance of the image and the height

of the image

for our equation we will use the mirror

equation and the magnification equation

for our solution let's find first the

distance of the image

we will use the mirror equation to solve

the problem

since we are looking for the distance of

the image we will derive the equation

and the derived equation is 1 over t sub

i is equal to one over

negative f minus one over d sub o

let's substitute the values

let's simplify it negative one minus two

over 10 centimeters gives you negative 3

over 10 centimeters

let's cross multiply it our answer

for the distance of image is equal to

applying the sign conventions for mirror

if the distance of image is negative

means it's a virtual and form at the

back of the mirror

let's continue for the height of the

image

let's find first the magnification

for the magnification equation it is

equal to negative d sub i

over d sub o since the value of d sub i

in the equation is negative and our d

sub i

is negative 3 centimeter multiplying it

gives you positive value

so for magnification it is equal to

three centimeters

over five centimeters canceling the unit

centimeters

our magnification is equal to 0.6

remember if the magnification is less

than 1

means the image height is smaller or

reduced compared to the size of the

object

since we now know the magnification

let's find the image height

for the image height let's derive the

equation needed

height of image is equal to

substitute the values 0.6 times 1.67

centimeter

our height of image is equal to 1

centimeter

now let's have again our conclusion

to describe the image form for the

location

it is negative 3 centimeter negative d

sub

i means it is formed behind or at the

back of the mirror

for the orientation it is upright since

image height and magnification are

positive

for the size and height it is one

centimeter and for the type of image

it's now again let's support this answer

using the graphical method

let's identify again our given our given

height of the object 1.67 centimeter

distance of object 5 centimeter and the

focal length would be negative 10

centimeter since it's a convex or

diverging mirror

let's use the principal rays the pfra

extending the reflected ray behind the

mirror
and the v-ray again extending the

reflected ray behind the mirror

notice again the merging of the

reflected rays behind or at the back of

the mirror where the image is formed

it's true that the image is smaller or

reduced upright

and it is a virtual image

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let's have an activity using the mirror

equation and magnification equation

describe the image form by a curved

mirror

let's start

the problem is a lighted candle has a

height of 6 centimeters and stands 15

centimeters

in front of a converging mirror that has

a focal length of 30 centimeters

what is the location and height of the

image of the candle

you may pause this video as you answer

the problem

and continue to play if you are done

let's answer

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let's identify first the given the given

height of the object 6 centimeters

distance of the object

30 centimeters

since the curved mirror is a concave or

converging mirror

the focal length would be positive the

required location or distance of the

image

and height of the image for the equation

the mirror equation

and the magnification equation for our

solution

let's find first the distance of the

image using the mirror equation let's

derive the needed equation

substituting the known values in the

derived equation we have 1 minus 2 over

30 centimeter

gives you negative 1 over 30 centimeters

let's cross multiply this the answer is

distance of image negative 30

centimeters

again negative d sub i means it's a

virtual or form behind or the back of

the mirror

let's continue let's find the height of

the image

but first let's find the magnification

using the magnification is equal to

negative d sub i over d sub

our d sub i will be positive since

negative times negative it will be

positive

so 30 centimeters over 15 centimeters

cancelling the unit centimeters

the value of our magnification is equal

to 2. remember

if the value of the magnification is

more than 1 it means the image height is

bigger

or larger than the object's height let's

continue

and find the image height using the

magnification equation again

let's derive the needed equation to find

the image height

let's substitute the values 2 times 6

centimeters

the image height is equal to positive 12

centimeters

let's have our conclusion

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let's describe the image form for the

location of the image

it is negative 30 centimeters negative d

sub i means it was formed behind or at

the back of the mirror

for the orientation it is upright

for the size and height of the image it

and for the type of image it's a virtual

image

since d sub i is negative and the image

is upright

let's support our answer using the

graphical method

let's identify again the given the

height of the object

is 6 centimeters the distance of the

object

15 centimeters and the focal length is

positive 30 centimeters

obviously the candle is located between

f and v

let's use the principal rays the pf ray

and the v-ray we will extend the

reflected rays behind the mirror

where they merge to form the image so

it's true that the image is enlarged

upright and it's a virtual image

to summarize what you have learned the

mirror equation

expresses the quantitative relationship

between the object distance

the image distance and the focal length

you have learned also the importance of

design conventions for mirror

for the focal length the focal length is

if the mirror is a concave or converging

mirror

the focal length is negative if the

mirror is a convex or diverging mirror

for the distance of image distance of

image is positive

if the image is real and located in

front of the mirror distance of

image is negative if the image is

virtual and located behind the mirror

for the height of image height of image

is positive if the image is upright

height of image is negative if the image

is inverted

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i hope you learned and enjoyed our

lesson this is marion soriano

see you in the next lesson